定语从句课件（46张）
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课件46张PPT。Grammar1. She is a beautiful girl. (形容词作前置定语)
她是一个漂亮的女孩。
2. His brother is a student.(代词作前置定语)
他的哥哥是一名学生。
3. She is a girl called Mary. (分词短语作后置定语)
她是一个名叫Mary的女孩。
4. The boy in the classroom is Tom.(介词作后置定语)
教室里的男孩是Tom。 定语从句及相关概念 定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 “……的” 表示。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 She is a beautiful girl.
短语和从句作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后，作后置定语. She is a girl called Mary.
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。
1.The girl is Mary.
2.The beautiful girl is Mary.(单个词, 前置定语)
3.The girl who is standing there is Mary.
站在那儿的女孩叫Mary. (定语从句,后置定语)
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 常紧跟被修饰的词后。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的某名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。
先行词:关系词:The girl who is standing there is Mary.主句：从句（定语从句）:The girl is Mary.who is standing there.the girlwho翻译:站在那儿的女孩是Mary。先行词:关系词:The book which I bought is interesting.主句：从句（定语从句）:The book is interesting.which I bought.the bookwhich分析含有定语从句的复合句翻译:我买的这本书很有趣。先行词:关系词:It is a story which happened last year.主句：从句（定语从句）:It is a story.which happened last year.a storywhich翻译:这是一个发生在去年的故事。先行词:关系词:The Army tried to rescued the people who were trapped.
主句：从句（定语从句）:The Army tried to rescued the people.who were trapped.the peoplewho翻译:军队奋力营救那些受困的人们。先行词:关系词:I know the boy whose parents are doctors.
主句：从句（定语从句）:I know the boy.whose parents are doctors.the boywhose翻译:我认识这个父母都是医生的男孩。1.关系词: 指引导定语从句的词。
包括关系代词和关系副词.
2.关系词的作用：
1、引导作用(引导定语从句)
2、替代作用(替代先行词)
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
关系词的使用关系词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
I found a book which was very old.
I found some books which were very old.思考: 定语从句中的关系词如which、who的含义是否是“哪一个”、“谁”？ whosewho/that(whom/who/ that)介词+whomwhich/that(which/that)介词+whichwhose The boyis Tom.The boyis in blue.who/thatwho/that指代先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.分析:The boy who/that is in blue is Tom.仿写:
1. The student is Tom.
He is talking to his teacher.
2. The man left without saying anything.
He saved the child.The student who/that is talking to his teacher is Tom.The man who/that saved the child left without saying anything. The boyis Tom.I knowthe boy.whom/who/thatwhom/who/that指先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作宾语, 可省略.分析:The boy whom/who/that I know is Tom.仿写:
1. The student is Tom.
I met the student in the street yesterday.
2. This is Mr Li.
I invited him to the meeting.The student (whom/who/that) I met in the street yesterday is Tom.This is Mr Li (whom/who/that) I invited to the meeting. The penhas been found.The penwas lost.which/that
which/that指先行词pen(物)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.分析:
The pen which/that was lost has been found.仿写:
1. I like the flowers.
The flowers are grown in the garden.
2. A plane is a machine .
The machine can fly.I like the flowers which/that are grown in the garden.A plane is a machine which/that can fly. 分析:
The story (which/that) we heard is funny..The storyis funny.We heard the story(which/that)which/that 指物(先行词story)，在从句中作宾语, 可省略..仿写:
1. The noodles were delicious.
I cooked the noodles.
2. The fish was not fresh.
We bought the fish this morning.The noodles (which/that) I cooked were delicious.The fish (which/that) I bought this morning was not fresh.仿写:
1. The room is mine.
The room’s window faces south.
2. I found a diary.
The diary’s cover was dusty.The room whose window faces south is mine.I found a diary whose cover was dusty. This is the roomThe room’s.whose
whose指 “…的”,可指某人的或某物的(此句中指先行词 “房间”的)，在从句中作定语,不可省略. 也可用of which 来替代whose, 也即:
This is the room of which door is broken.
如此一来,关系词就变成了介词+宾语的结构了.分析:This is the room whose door is broken. door is broken. 分析:The man to whom she spoke is Jack.The manis Jack.She spoke the manwhom/who/that指人whom，在从句中作介词to的宾语, 在介词后不可用who/that，whom不可省略..to 本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(who/that),可省略，即：The man (Whom/who/that) she spoke to is Jack. 分析句子:The hotel in which he lived is expensive.The hotelis expensive.He lived the hotelwhich/that指物(which)，在从句中作介词in的宾语, 在介词后不可用that，不可省略..in 本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(which/that),可省略，即：The hotel (which/that) he lived in is expensive.只用that引导定语从句人和物有哪一个最好
(人＋物；there be; which; the best)
不定代词序数最高
(不定代词；序数词；数词；最高级)
没有全部，只有少数任何一个．
(no; all; only; few/little; any; one of) 判断用什么关系词的步骤：
（1）划分主句和从句
（2）锁定先行词
（3）确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分
（4）根据表格锁定关系词，判断有无特殊情况．
注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制
The woman who(that) you were talking about yesterday is my mother.
Tips练习题1、All______ is useful to us is good.A、which
B、what
C、that
D、whetherC2、Is this the factory_______you visited
last year?A、that
B、 in which
C、what
D、the oneA3、Is this factory ____ you visited last
week?A、where
B、that
C、which
D、the oneD4、Is this the factory ____ makes toys?A、where
B、that
C、in which
D、the oneB5、Is this the factory ____ you work?A、where
B、that
C、in which
D、the oneC1. Is this the factory which/that you visited last year?
2. Is this factory the one (which/that) you visited last week?
3. Is this the factory which/that makes toys?
4. Is this the factory in which you work?6、The college won’t take anyone _____
eyesight is weak.A、who
B、whose
C、of who
D、whichB7、The man _______ you are talking is
in the next room.A、to whom
B、about whom
C、about who
D、whomB8、Those _____ will take part in the game
write down your names.A、who
B、who want
C、what wants
D、wantB9、I______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is
B、what is
C、what am
D、who am D10、This is the only thing _____ I can
do now.A、what
B、which
C、that
D、allC11、Which of the two cows ______ you
keep produces more milk?A、which
B、that
C、what
D、asB2. 定语从句的辨认与使用（尤其在翻译时）
思考步骤：
（1）确定主从句
（2）确定先行词
a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性
b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
（3）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格
（4）确定主从句时态
例如翻译:
她就是我上周遇到的那位歌星.
1）确定主从句:
主句:她就是那位歌星. She is the singer.
从句:我上周遇到她.I met her last week.
2）确定先行词
a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性
关系代词替代从句中的her/先行词the singer. 指人, 单数.
b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
她就是那位歌星＋关系词＋我上周遇到的.（3）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格
关系代词her/先行词the singer在从句中充当宾语,用(whom/who/that).
（4）确定主从句时态
She is the singer (whom/who/that) I met last week.
翻译:1 这就是上周丢失自行车的学生。
2 我有几个父母在南京工作的同学。
3 我们最喜欢的那个导演是Spieberg。
This is the student who lost his bike last week.
This is the student whose bike was lost last week.I have some classmates whose parents are working in Nanjing.The director (who /whom /that )we like most is Spieberg.4 二十年前我们住的那幢楼已经被拆除了。
5 二十年前我们建的那幢楼已经不能用了。The building in which we lived 20 years ago has been pulled down.The building (that/ which) we built 20 years ago can’t be used now.whenwherewhy二、定语从句的分类：
（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。
（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。如：
限定性定语从句:
He is the person who/that came first.
非限定性定语从句:
His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health.1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.
2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
她是一个漂亮的女孩。
2. His brother is a student.(代词作前置定语)
他的哥哥是一名学生。
3. She is a girl called Mary. (分词短语作后置定语)
她是一个名叫Mary的女孩。
4. The boy in the classroom is Tom.(介词作后置定语)
教室里的男孩是Tom。 定语从句及相关概念 定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 “……的” 表示。可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前，作前置定语。 She is a beautiful girl.
短语和从句作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后，作后置定语. She is a girl called Mary.
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。
1.The girl is Mary.
2.The beautiful girl is Mary.(单个词, 前置定语)
3.The girl who is standing there is Mary.
站在那儿的女孩叫Mary. (定语从句,后置定语)
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 常紧跟被修饰的词后。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的某名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词。
先行词:关系词:The girl who is standing there is Mary.主句：从句（定语从句）:The girl is Mary.who is standing there.the girlwho翻译:站在那儿的女孩是Mary。先行词:关系词:The book which I bought is interesting.主句：从句（定语从句）:The book is interesting.which I bought.the bookwhich分析含有定语从句的复合句翻译:我买的这本书很有趣。先行词:关系词:It is a story which happened last year.主句：从句（定语从句）:It is a story.which happened last year.a storywhich翻译:这是一个发生在去年的故事。先行词:关系词:The Army tried to rescued the people who were trapped.
主句：从句（定语从句）:The Army tried to rescued the people.who were trapped.the peoplewho翻译:军队奋力营救那些受困的人们。先行词:关系词:I know the boy whose parents are doctors.
主句：从句（定语从句）:I know the boy.whose parents are doctors.the boywhose翻译:我认识这个父母都是医生的男孩。1.关系词: 指引导定语从句的词。
包括关系代词和关系副词.
2.关系词的作用：
1、引导作用(引导定语从句)
2、替代作用(替代先行词)
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
关系词的使用关系词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。
I found a book which was very old.
I found some books which were very old.思考: 定语从句中的关系词如which、who的含义是否是“哪一个”、“谁”？ whosewho/that(whom/who/ that)介词+whomwhich/that(which/that)介词+whichwhose The boyis Tom.The boyis in blue.who/thatwho/that指代先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.分析:The boy who/that is in blue is Tom.仿写:
1. The student is Tom.
He is talking to his teacher.
2. The man left without saying anything.
He saved the child.The student who/that is talking to his teacher is Tom.The man who/that saved the child left without saying anything. The boyis Tom.I knowthe boy.whom/who/thatwhom/who/that指先行词boy(指人)，在从句中作宾语, 可省略.分析:The boy whom/who/that I know is Tom.仿写:
1. The student is Tom.
I met the student in the street yesterday.
2. This is Mr Li.
I invited him to the meeting.The student (whom/who/that) I met in the street yesterday is Tom.This is Mr Li (whom/who/that) I invited to the meeting. The penhas been found.The penwas lost.which/that
which/that指先行词pen(物)，在从句中作主语,不可省略.分析:
The pen which/that was lost has been found.仿写:
1. I like the flowers.
The flowers are grown in the garden.
2. A plane is a machine .
The machine can fly.I like the flowers which/that are grown in the garden.A plane is a machine which/that can fly. 分析:
The story (which/that) we heard is funny..The storyis funny.We heard the story(which/that)which/that 指物(先行词story)，在从句中作宾语, 可省略..仿写:
1. The noodles were delicious.
I cooked the noodles.
2. The fish was not fresh.
We bought the fish this morning.The noodles (which/that) I cooked were delicious.The fish (which/that) I bought this morning was not fresh.仿写:
1. The room is mine.
The room’s window faces south.
2. I found a diary.
The diary’s cover was dusty.The room whose window faces south is mine.I found a diary whose cover was dusty. This is the roomThe room’s.whose
whose指 “…的”,可指某人的或某物的(此句中指先行词 “房间”的)，在从句中作定语,不可省略. 也可用of which 来替代whose, 也即:
This is the room of which door is broken.
如此一来,关系词就变成了介词+宾语的结构了.分析:This is the room whose door is broken. door is broken. 分析:The man to whom she spoke is Jack.The manis Jack.She spoke the manwhom/who/that指人whom，在从句中作介词to的宾语, 在介词后不可用who/that，whom不可省略..to 本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(who/that),可省略，即：The man (Whom/who/that) she spoke to is Jack. 分析句子:The hotel in which he lived is expensive.The hotelis expensive.He lived the hotelwhich/that指物(which)，在从句中作介词in的宾语, 在介词后不可用that，不可省略..in 本从句中的介词前移，若不前移，则可用关系代词(which/that),可省略，即：The hotel (which/that) he lived in is expensive.只用that引导定语从句人和物有哪一个最好
(人＋物；there be; which; the best)
不定代词序数最高
(不定代词；序数词；数词；最高级)
没有全部，只有少数任何一个．
(no; all; only; few/little; any; one of) 判断用什么关系词的步骤：
（1）划分主句和从句
（2）锁定先行词
（3）确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分
（4）根据表格锁定关系词，判断有无特殊情况．
注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制
The woman who(that) you were talking about yesterday is my mother.
Tips练习题1、All______ is useful to us is good.A、which
B、what
C、that
D、whetherC2、Is this the factory_______you visited
last year?A、that
B、 in which
C、what
D、the oneA3、Is this factory ____ you visited last
week?A、where
B、that
C、which
D、the oneD4、Is this the factory ____ makes toys?A、where
B、that
C、in which
D、the oneB5、Is this the factory ____ you work?A、where
B、that
C、in which
D、the oneC1. Is this the factory which/that you visited last year?
2. Is this factory the one (which/that) you visited last week?
3. Is this the factory which/that makes toys?
4. Is this the factory in which you work?6、The college won’t take anyone _____
eyesight is weak.A、who
B、whose
C、of who
D、whichB7、The man _______ you are talking is
in the next room.A、to whom
B、about whom
C、about who
D、whomB8、Those _____ will take part in the game
write down your names.A、who
B、who want
C、what wants
D、wantB9、I______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A、who is
B、what is
C、what am
D、who am D10、This is the only thing _____ I can
do now.A、what
B、which
C、that
D、allC11、Which of the two cows ______ you
keep produces more milk?A、which
B、that
C、what
D、asB2. 定语从句的辨认与使用（尤其在翻译时）
思考步骤：
（1）确定主从句
（2）确定先行词
a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性
b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
（3）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格
（4）确定主从句时态
例如翻译:
她就是我上周遇到的那位歌星.
1）确定主从句:
主句:她就是那位歌星. She is the singer.
从句:我上周遇到她.I met her last week.
2）确定先行词
a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性
关系代词替代从句中的her/先行词the singer. 指人, 单数.
b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）
她就是那位歌星＋关系词＋我上周遇到的.（3）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格
关系代词her/先行词the singer在从句中充当宾语,用(whom/who/that).
（4）确定主从句时态
She is the singer (whom/who/that) I met last week.
翻译:1 这就是上周丢失自行车的学生。
2 我有几个父母在南京工作的同学。
3 我们最喜欢的那个导演是Spieberg。
This is the student who lost his bike last week.
This is the student whose bike was lost last week.I have some classmates whose parents are working in Nanjing.The director (who /whom /that )we like most is Spieberg.4 二十年前我们住的那幢楼已经被拆除了。
5 二十年前我们建的那幢楼已经不能用了。The building in which we lived 20 years ago has been pulled down.The building (that/ which) we built 20 years ago can’t be used now.whenwherewhy二、定语从句的分类：
（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。
（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。如：
限定性定语从句:
He is the person who/that came first.
非限定性定语从句:
His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health.1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that night.
2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.