被动语态
主动态变被动态： 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者。
形 式
时 间
一般式
进行式
完成式
现在
am/ is / are done
am/ is / are being done
have/has been done
过去
was/were done
was/ were being done
had been done
将来
shall/ will be done
shall/will have been done
1. 被动语态： 由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成的。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
For example:
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上很多人都说英语。
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被这个男孩打碎了。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条公路。
The problem is being discussed now. 这个问题正在被讨论。
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加派对了。
2.被动语态的各种句式：
a. 肯定句式：
主语+ be + 过去分词+ by….
I was invited to the concert yesterday by the Greens. 昨天格林夫妇邀请我去听音乐会了。
b. 否定式：
主语+ be + not+过去分词+ by
The glass was not broken by Leach but by the wind. 玻璃不是利奇而是风打碎的。
c. 一般疑问句式：
Be + 主语+ 过去分词+ by…?
Is King Lear written by Shakespeare? <李尔王>是莎士比亚写的吗？
d. 特殊疑问句式：
特殊疑问词 + be + (主语)+ 过去分词+….?
When was the football team set up? 这支足球队是什么时候成立的？
Who was made chairman? 谁被选为主席了？
注意：
a. 谓语部分含有情态动词的被动语态的句式为“情态动词+be done”，否定式是在情态动词后加not,疑问式是将情态动词提前到主语前。
Such work can be done in an hour or so. 这项工作可以在一小时左右完成。
These books mustn’t be taken out of the library. 这些书不准被带出图书馆。
Must the homework be handed in by tomorrow? 作业到明天必须得上交吗？
b. 主动形式表示被动意义：
某些连系动词，如smell, taste, feel , sound , prove 等，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
The fish tastes delicious. 这鱼尝起来味道好极了。
She proves very patient and warm-hearted. 她被证明既有耐心又很热心。
c. 现代英语中，特别是在口语和非正式的书面语中，常用“get+过去分词”表示被动。
Jane got caught in the heavy rain in the course of climbing Mount Tai.
简在爬泰山的过程中被大雨淋了。
Be careful not to get burnt by the sun. 小心不要被太阳晒伤。
How did the painting get damaged ？ 这幅画是怎么被损坏的？
She got beaten whatever others might say. 不管别人说什么，她被打败了。
主动语态变被动语态练习题
?
一.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:?
1．???We?often?use?a?recorder?in?our?English?class.?
___________________________________________________________
2．???They?will?show?a?new?film?next?week.?
___________________________________________________________
3．???When?did?they?build?the?house??
___________________________________________________________4．???I?saw?the?boy?enter?the?room.?
___________________________________________________________
5．??Will?they?show?a?new?film?next?week??
___________________________________________________________
6．???Have?they?posted?the?letter?yet??
___________________________________________________________
7．???We?often?see?him?help?his?classmate.?
___________________________________________________________
8．???You?must?turn?off?the?light?before?you?go?to?bed.
___________________________________________________________
9．???Who?is?repairing?the?bike??
___________________________________________________________
10．??The?student?should?learn?all?the?texts?by?heart.?
___________________________________________________________
二.择填空:?
1.The?reading?room?________?yesterday?afternoon.?
A.?cleaned??????B.?is?cleaned?????C.?was?cleaning?? D.?was?cleaned?
2.The?workers?were?made?________?ten?hours?a?day.?
A.?work????????B.?to?work????????C.?working???????D.?worked?
3.Food?________?in?a?cool?place?in?summer.?
A.?must?keep???B.?mustn’t?keep??C.?must?be?kept????D.?mustn’t?be?kept?
4.His?father?________?to?work?in?Hong?Kong?3?years?ago.?
A.?sent????????B.?was?sent??????C.?has?sent???????D.?has?been?sent?
5.The?pen?________?well.?
A.?writes??????B.?is?written????C.?was?written????D.?writing?
6.Great?changes?________?in?the?town?since?1988.?
A.?have?taken?place?????????????B.?have?been?taken?place?
C.?has?taken?place??????????????D.?has?been?taken?place?
7.Our?compositions?must?________?next?Monday.?
A.?be?hand?in??B.?be?handed?in??
C.?handed?in??????D.?be?handing?in?
8.The?child?will?________?back?to?his?parents?next?month.?
A.?sent????????B.?send??????????C.?be?sent????????D.?be?sending?
9.________?his?work?________?yet??
A.?have…been?finished???????????B.?has?…been?finished?
C.?has?…finished??????????D.?have…finished?
10.The?classroom?________?now?
A.?is?cleaning???????????????????B.?is?being?cleaning?
C.?is?being?cleaned??????????D.?is?cleaned??
三.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:?
1．???Can?he?________?(speak)?English??
2．???What?language?________?(speak)?in?that?country??
3．???The?film?________?(show)?many?times?since?last?Sunday.?
4．???These?TV?sets?________?(make)?in?SiChuan.?
5．???It?has?got?so?dark.?Would?you?please?________?(turn)?on?the?light??6．???A?new?hospital?________?(build)?in?this?area?now.?
1．???________?the?book?________?(return).
2．???Rice?________?(grow)?in?the?south.?
3．???The?window?________?(not?break)?by?the?boy.?
4．??I?________?(tell)?he?________?(not?come)?just?now.?
四．将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者
?1.??They?will?say?nothing?more?about?this?matter.?
_________________________________________________________
2.??They?have?made?some?flowers?of?silk.?
_________________________________________________________
3.??He?wrote?a?poem.?
_________________________________________________________
4.??The?students?are?planting?some?trees?and?flowers.?
_________________________________________________________
5.??They?are?to?open?up?a?new?business?next?week.?
_________________________________________________________
6.??Children?couldn’t?have?done?all?this?damage.?
_________________________________________________________
7.??All?of?us?will?see?him?off?at?the?airport.?
_________________________________________________________
8.??They?feed?the?tigers?at?the?zoo?three?times?a?day.?
_________________________________________________________
9.??You?must?hand?in?your?homework?before?five.?
_________________________________________________________
10.??People?say?that?she?is?a?good?teacher.?
_________________________________________________________
五.?用所给动词的正确形式填空?
1.??English?________?(speak)?in?many?countries.?
2.??Information?in?short-term?memory?______?(can,?not,?keep)?very?long.?
3.??After?that,?one?of?the?lights?_______?(turn?off)?and?the?rat?had?to?wait?for?a?short?time.?
4.??Just?a?few?years?ago,?tomatoes?_______?(believe)?to?have?magical?powers,?making?people?who?ate?them?fall?in?love.?
5.??It?is?said?new?copies?of?the?book?_______?(print)?now.?
6.??The?old?house?_______?(pull)?down?next?month.?
7.??In?the?old?days,?the?children?_______?(take?care?of)?by?the?mother?because?she?did?not?work?outside?the?house.?
8.??Needless?to?say,?the?second?list?of?words?___?(can,?remember)?more?easily?than?the?first?one.?
9.??She?_______?(send)?to?another?village?when?I?got?there.?
10.??The?teacher?said?that?we?________?(give)?another?chance?some?time?next?month?if?we?failed?in?the?exam.
参考答案?
I、
1.A?recorder?is?often?used?in?our?English?class.?
2.A?new?film?will?be?shown?by?then?next?week.?
3.When?was?the?house?built?by?them??
4.The?boy?was?seen?to?enter?the?room.?
5.Will?a?new?film?be?shown?by?them?next?week??
7.He?is?often?seen?to?help?his?classmate.?
8.The?light?must?be?turned?off?before?you?go?to?bed.?
9.Who?is?the?bike?being?repaired?by??
(By?whom?is?the?bike?being?repaired?)?
10.All?the?texts?should?be?learned?by?heart?by?the?students.?
II、?1.D?2.B?3.C?4.B?5.A?6.A?7.B?8.C?9.B?10.C?III、?
1.speak? 2.is?spoken? 3.has?been?shown?
4.are?made? 5.turn? 6.is?being?built?
7.Has?returned? 8.is?grown ?9.wasn’t?broken? 10.was?told ?didn’t?come
Ⅳ．1.?Nothing?more?will?be?said?about?this?matter.?
2.?Some?flowers?of?silk?have?been?made?by?them.
3.?A?poem?was?written?by?him.?
4.?Some?trees?and?flowers?are?being?planted?by?the?students.?
5.?A?new?business?is?to?be?opened?up?next?week.?
6.?All?this?damage?couldn’t?have?been?done?by?children.?
7.?He?will?be?seen?off?at?the?airport?by?all?of?us.?
8.?The?tigers?at?the?zoo?are?fed?three?times?a?day?(by?them).?
9.?Your?homework?must?be?handed?in?before?five?(by?you).?
10.?It?is?said?that?she?is?a?good?teacher.?(That?she?is?a?good?teacher?is?said?by?them.)?
Ⅴ.?
1.?is?spoken?2.?cannot?be?kept?3.?was?turned?off?
4.?were?believed?5.?are?being?printed?6.?will?be?pulled?
7.?were?taken?care?of?8.?can?be?remembered?9.?had?been?sent?
10.?would?be?given?
