高考一轮复习学案 第三讲数词(原卷+解析卷)

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名称 高考一轮复习学案 第三讲数词(原卷+解析卷)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2018-08-20 09:39:42

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第三讲 数词(解析版)
数词在英语中用法广泛,应用活跃,看似简单,实际上运用时并不简单,有很多需要注意的地方。在高考中要求重点掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数等基本用法和日期、时刻、年龄等表达形式;掌握不定数量词、约数量词的表达方法。注意基数词和序数词用法上的辨析,数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行。在复习过程中,要系统归纳、掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候,必须注重正确引导,强调夯实基础的重要性。建议教师首先引导学生进行语言知识的梳理,把与数词有关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通,形成相应的网络构架,使学生熟练掌握相关表达方法,并列出学生出容易出现错误的问题,通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. Numeral of Noun(数词)
表示数量或顺序的词叫做数词。数词有两大类,即:基数词与序数词。数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。基数词表示数目,如:one,two,three,four,……;序数词表示顺序,如:first,second,third,fourth,……在序数词前一般要加the。
1. 基数词(Cardinal number)
表示数目的词称为基数词,表示方法:
1)从1—10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
2)从 11—19:eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.(注意:除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。)
3)从 21—99:整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。如:21 twenty-one;76 seventy-six。
4)百位数:个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and。如:101 a hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight。
5)千位数以上:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion, two hundred and thirty-seven million, one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
2. 序数词(Ordinal number)
表示顺序的词称为序数词,主要形式:
1)从第一至第十九:除了one — first, two — second, three — third, five— fifth,eight — eighth,nine — ninth,twelve — twelfth为特殊形式外,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如:six — sixth,nineteen — nineteenth。
2)从第二十至第九十九:整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。如:twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth;表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:thirty-first 第三十一;fifty-sixth 第五十六;seventy-third 第七十三;ninety-ninth 第九十九。
3)第一百以上多位序数词:由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand, three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
4)序数词的缩写形式:有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first——lst; second——2nd; third——3rd;fourth——4th; sixth——6th; twentieth——20th;twenty-third——23rd。其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
在很多情况下,也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序:
the second part = Part two (第二部分)
the first chapter = Chapter one (第一章)
the fourth section = Section four (第四节)
II. The Special Expression of Numerals(数词特殊表示法)
1. dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加-s:
a few hundred meters 几百米;
several million people 数百万人;
two thousand teachers 两千位老师。
2. 表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等不确切数目时,用-s of构成短语:
hundreds of books 几百本书
thousands of workers 几千个工人
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。
3. 英语中没有万,十万,千万,亿这样的单位数词。
ten thousand 十千(1000×10=10,000),即一万。试比较:
thousand 1,000
million 1000,000
thousand million (英) 1000,000,000
或者 billion (美) 1000,000,000
fifty-six thousand 56,000
six hundred million 600,000,000
nine and six billion 96,000,000,000
4. 小数中“0”的读法:
nought(英);zero(美),也可读作字母o的读音:
0.08 (nought)point nought eight 或 (zero)point zero eight
9.07 nine point o seven
5. 百分数表示法
百分数中的百分号 % 读作percent。
6% 读作:six percent
0.6% 读作:(nought)point six percent
500% 读作:five hundred percent
12.34% 读作:twelve point three four percent
6. 加减乘除读法
6+5=11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven.
11-6=5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five.
4×5=20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty.
20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five.
7. 分数表示法
整数与分数之间须用and或者over连接:
4 1/2 four and a half (四又二分之一)
9 2/5 nine and two fifths(九又五分之二)
43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven
分数用作前置定语时,分母要用单数形式:
a one-third mile 1/3英里
a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数
III. The Syntactic Function of Numerals(数词句法功能)
1. 复数形式的用法
基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
1)与of短语连用表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人。
2)表示三三两两时:
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地到达了。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
3)表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。
dozens of ages 几十岁
He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。
She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。
4)在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:
3 * 5 = 15 ---- Three fives is (are) fifteen.
2. 基数词的使用位置
1)位于another,all之后:
Can you have another two cakes? 你还能再吃两块蛋糕吗?
The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这孩子上周把五枝铅笔全丢了。
2)位于such和more之前:
I can finish reading two such books in two days. 我在两天内能读完这两本书。
Please give me one more apple to eat. 请再给我一个苹果吃。
3)可置于last,next,other之前或之后
His last two books are written in English. 他的后两本书是用英语写的。
3. 基数词的用法 可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。
作主语:
It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是个不吉利的数字。
Three of them will play football. 他们中有三人要去踢足球。
作表语:序数词前的定冠词常省去。
I am eighteen. 我18岁。
Two and two is four. 二加二等于四。
作宾语:
It is worth three hundred. 这件东西值300。
The city has a population of three million. 这个城市有三百万人口。
作定语:
There are only three boys in the class. 班上只有3名男生。
Ten people will come to the party. 十个人要来参加聚会。
作同位语:
Are you two coming? 你们俩来吗?
They ten will go abroad. 他们十个人将出国。
4. 倍数表达法
1)倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than,用…times表示。
The girl is ten times cleverer than her brother.
2)表示“是……两倍数”,用twice。
My room is twice as large as yours.
3)倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as
His apartment is three times as large as that of mine.
Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day.
4)倍数 + 名词短语
My income is twice what it was four years ago.
我现在的收入是四年前的两倍。
5)动词+倍数,用-fold或基数词加times表示。
The value of the stock has increased two-fold since we bought it.
自从我们买进股票以来,股票的价值增加了两倍。
Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。
6)用double(翻一番),triple(三倍于),again等词表示倍数。
This coat cost me as much again as the coat I have just bought.
这件外套比我刚买的那件外套贵一倍。
The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。
5. 小数表示法
小数点左边的数通常按基数词读,若为三位以上的数,也可按编码式读法读出,即将数字单个读出;小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。
6.86 six point eight six
14.15 fourteen point one five
345.456 three four five point four five six
或:three hundred and forty-five point four five six
数词中容易混淆的问题
1. 确数和约数
1) “几百”、“几千”这样一些确数,“百”、“千”不能用复数形式:
数词 + hundred / thousand / million / billion + 名词复数
五百 five hundred
三千 three thousand
两百万 two million
六十亿six billion
2)当hundred,thousand,million加上s后,成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。接of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等:
hundreds / thousands / millions / billions + of + 名词复数
hundreds of new tall buildings数以百计的新高楼;
thousands of students 数以千计的学生;
millions of people 数以百万计的人。
2. 数词和冠词的关系
1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,基数词前不加冠词。
He failed in the first try. 他第一次尝试失败了。
My number is forty-nine. 我的号码是49。
2)序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,表示“再—”;“又—”(a / an+序数词)。
We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须再试一(第四次)次?
The monkey ate a second banana. 这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。
3)下列情况不用冠词
序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时,不能再用冠词:
This is Tom’s second visit to China. 这是汤姆第二次访问中国。
表示比赛或考试的名次时,通常省略定冠词:
He was (the) second in the English exam. 在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。
序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。
I have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业完成好。
在某些习语中不用冠词:
at first起初;first of all首先;at first sight 乍一看。
3. 基数词有时也可以表示顺序,但需要将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后,不加定冠词。
the first lesson——Lesson One
the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
4. of the + 基数词,表示“范围”。
You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.
你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。
5. more在数词中的用法
一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。
She has got five more pens. 她还有五支钢笔。
6. dozen的用法
1)当它不与具体数字连用时,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次.
2)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
three dozen red roses 三打红玫瑰
3)当与 a few,several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略。
several dozen (of) pencils = several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔
4)当它后面的名词受 the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
知识点一 基数词
例1:It's never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his.
A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth C. fifty D. fifties
【答案】D
【解析】句意:马克思在五十多岁时开始学英语。短语“in one's + 数词的复数形式”表示“在某人多少岁的时候”。此处表示“马克思在五十多岁时……”故答案为D。
变式训练1:
1)Lindu's mother looks young, but actually she is in her ________ .
A. sixties B. sixtieth C. sixty years old D. sixty years
2)—How many people were invited to the meeting?
—About six ________ .
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
知识点二 序数词
例2:Now, Let’s turn to page ________ and look at the ________ picture in Lesson Three.
A. twentieth;one B. twenty;one C. twenties;first D. twenty;first
【答案】D
【解析】句意:请打开书翻到第20页,先来看一下第三课的第一幅图片。表示顺序用序数词,但通常也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序,注意其表达方式不同,序数词前要加定冠词,用基数词表顺序时,要把页、章、节等放在基数词前面,所以,The second page = page 2;picture one = the first picture。故选择D。
变式训练2:
1)There are ________ months in a year. ________ month is December.
A. twelfth;Twelfth B. twelve;Twelve
C. twelfth;the twelfth D. twelve;The twelfth
2)He joined the army on ________ of May 2012.
A. 21st B. the 21 C. twenty first D. the twenty firs
知识点三 分数表示法
例2:Nearly ________ of the earth ________ covered by sea.
A. three fourth;is B. three fourths;is
C. three fourth;are D. three fourths;are
【答案】B
【解析】句意:地球将近四分之三被海洋所覆盖。在分数中,分子用基数词、分母用序数词来表示;分子大于一时,分母用复数形式(加s)。把主语指的那部分看作一个整体,因此谓语动词用单数。符合上述要求的只有B,其他三项均不合题意。故选择B。
变式训练3:
1)________ of the city was covered with the heavy smog.
A. Two-third B. Two-thirds C. Two-three D. Two-threes
2)There are ________ teachers in our school, ________ of them are women teachers.
A. two hundreds;three fourth B. two hundred;three fourths
C. two hundred;three fourth D. two hundreds;three fourths
知识点四 数词和冠词的关系
例4:It was in ______ when he was already in ______ that he went to Yanan.
  A. the 1940s,the 40s  B. the 1940s,his forties
C. 1940's,his forties   D. the 1940's,his 40s
【答案】B
【解析】句意:那是20世纪40年代,在他40多岁的时候去的延安。“在20世纪40年代”,必须有定冠词the。此外,年代后要加's或s。“他已经40多岁了”要用in his forties,故选择B。
变式训练4:
1)It's _______ walk from here to my school.
  A. two-hours  B. two hours  C. two-hour   D. a two-hour 
2)I have asked him three times. I wonder if I can ask him ________ time.
  A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
知识点五 dozen的用法
例5:He went to the market and bought _______ eggs and some meat.
  A. several dozen of B. several dozen
C. several dozens   D. several dozens of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他去市场买了几十个鸡蛋和一些肉。dozen与several,many连用时,复数不加s。dozens of表示几十(数量很多),在修饰有these,the等词限定的名词时,可用dozen of的形式。如:three dozen of these eggs。故选择B。
变式训练5:
1)Mo Yan has published ________ novels, of which some are very popular among Chinese readers, Red Sorghum, for example.
A. a dozen of B. a dozen C. dozen of D. dozens of
2)Shortly after the accident, _________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A .dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1. They sold ______ boxes of such sweets last week.
 A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
3. The two great men wrote those letters in _______ .
 A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 1870
4. On National day ______ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
  A. hundreds of millions of   B. millions of hundred of
  C. hundreds millions of    D. millions hundreds of
5. He has lived at ______ for 30 years.
  A. No. 101 Heping Street  B. 101 Heping Street
C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
6. 14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
  A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. It's about ______ , the thickness of a human hair.
  A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths
C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
8. It was in 1939 that ______ broke out.
  A. World War Second B. the World War Second
C. Second World War D. World War II
9. You'll have to spend _______writing your report here.
  A. one day or two days B. one day or two
C. a day or two D. two days or one
10. The price of such material was reduced _______ .
  A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent
C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
11. The earth is nearly _______ the moon.
  A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of
C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
12. ______of the land in that district _______covered with trees and grass.
  A. Two fifth,is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is  D. Two fifths, are????????
13. ______ people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
  A. Three scores of B. Three score of
C. Three score D. Three scores
14. It took me ______ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
  A. a half dozen B. half a dozen
C. haft dozens D. half dozen
15. _______of the population here are peasants.
  A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
16. He cut the cake ______ .
  A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
17. Two _______ died of cardiovascular disease last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
18. He came out ______ in the track events.
  A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
19. He has _______ books in his study.
  A. several thousands B. some thousands of
C. some thousands D. some thousand of
20. Mr. Smith asked me to buy several ______eggs for the dinner.
A. dozen   B. dozens C. of dozens D. dozens of
二、句型训练(Use the correct form of the words in brackets)
1. When Tom sat down, a ________ man rose to speak. (four)
2. The volume of the Sun is about 1,300,000 ________ that of the earth. (time)
3. Unless dramatic action is taken, the total world population by the year 2020 will be ______ ______ what it was in 1920. (fourth,time)
4. The average income of the staff has ________ compared with last year.(增加50%)
5. My theme was so redundant that my teacher asked me to reduce it to ________ .(一半)
6. He was a thinnish fellow in his _______.(40岁)
7. In this workshop the output of July was ________ that of January.(3.5倍)
8. The price of rice __________ this month.(下降2/3)
9. Many scientists believe that the earth can yield enough food to support ________ in the world. (两倍的人口)
10. I failed four times, my mother encouraged me to ________ try.(再一次)
三、Translate the following into Chinese(英译汉)
1. Who is the woman, the second in the second line?
2. They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
3. Four students are playing volleyball outside.
4. May is the fifth month of the year.
5. The two happily opened the box.
6. He was among the first to arrive.
7. I need three boxes altogether.
8. Linde was second last year in our school.
9. The first day of May is International Labour Day.
10. Mr. Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.
四、Translate the following into English(汉译英)
1. 她的朋友很多。
2. 我很喜欢这种袜子,给我来一打吧。
3. 如果这次失败,我们得再做一次。
4. 我已经问过他两次了,还要再问他一次吗?
5. 那是在二十世纪六十年代,他当时还只是一名小学生。
6. 我们生产的电扇数量相当于去年的4倍。
7. 在春天,我们总是会在这里种上成千上万棵树。
8. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。
9. --你能看见远处有很多牛吧?
--看见了,大约有二千头。
10. 20世纪80年代初,他突然在时尚界活跃起来。
第三讲 数词(解析版)
数词在英语中用法广泛,应用活跃,看似简单,实际上运用时并不简单,有很多需要注意的地方。在高考中要求重点掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数等基本用法和日期、时刻、年龄等表达形式;掌握不定数量词、约数量词的表达方法。注意基数词和序数词用法上的辨析,数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行。在复习过程中,要系统归纳、掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候,必须注重正确引导,强调夯实基础的重要性。建议教师首先引导学生进行语言知识的梳理,把与数词有关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通,形成相应的网络构架,使学生熟练掌握相关表达方法,并列出学生出容易出现错误的问题,通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. Numeral of Noun(数词)
表示数量或顺序的词叫做数词。数词有两大类,即:基数词与序数词。数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。基数词表示数目,如:one,two,three,four,……;序数词表示顺序,如:first,second,third,fourth,……在序数词前一般要加the。
1. 基数词(Cardinal number)
表示数目的词称为基数词,表示方法:
1)从1—10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
2)从 11—19:eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.(注意:除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。)
3)从 21—99:整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。如:21 twenty-one;76 seventy-six。
4)百位数:个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and。如:101 a hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight。
5)千位数以上:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion, two hundred and thirty-seven million, one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
2. 序数词(Ordinal number)
表示顺序的词称为序数词,主要形式:
1)从第一至第十九:除了one — first, two — second, three — third, five— fifth,eight — eighth,nine — ninth,twelve — twelfth为特殊形式外,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如:six — sixth,nineteen — nineteenth。
2)从第二十至第九十九:整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。如:twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth;表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:thirty-first 第三十一;fifty-sixth 第五十六;seventy-third 第七十三;ninety-ninth 第九十九。
3)第一百以上多位序数词:由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand, three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
4)序数词的缩写形式:有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first——lst; second——2nd; third——3rd;fourth——4th; sixth——6th; twentieth——20th;twenty-third——23rd。其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
在很多情况下,也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序:
the second part = Part two (第二部分)
the first chapter = Chapter one (第一章)
the fourth section = Section four (第四节)
II. The Special Expression of Numerals(数词特殊表示法)
1. dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加-s:
a few hundred meters 几百米;
several million people 数百万人;
two thousand teachers 两千位老师。
2. 表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等不确切数目时,用-s of构成短语:
hundreds of books 几百本书
thousands of workers 几千个工人
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。
3. 英语中没有万,十万,千万,亿这样的单位数词。
ten thousand 十千(1000×10=10,000),即一万。试比较:
thousand 1,000
million 1000,000
thousand million (英) 1000,000,000
或者 billion (美) 1000,000,000
fifty-six thousand 56,000
six hundred million 600,000,000
nine and six billion 96,000,000,000
4. 小数中“0”的读法:
nought(英);zero(美),也可读作字母o的读音:
0.08 (nought)point nought eight 或 (zero)point zero eight
9.07 nine point o seven
5. 百分数表示法
百分数中的百分号 % 读作percent。
6% 读作:six percent
0.6% 读作:(nought)point six percent
500% 读作:five hundred percent
12.34% 读作:twelve point three four percent
6. 加减乘除读法
6+5=11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven.
11-6=5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five.
4×5=20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty.
20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five.
7. 分数表示法
整数与分数之间须用and或者over连接:
4 1/2 four and a half (四又二分之一)
9 2/5 nine and two fifths(九又五分之二)
43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven
分数用作前置定语时,分母要用单数形式:
a one-third mile 1/3英里
a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数
III. The Syntactic Function of Numerals(数词句法功能)
1. 复数形式的用法
基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
1)与of短语连用表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人。
2)表示三三两两时:
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地到达了。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
3)表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。
dozens of ages 几十岁
He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。
She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。
4)在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:
3 * 5 = 15 ---- Three fives is (are) fifteen.
2. 基数词的使用位置
1)位于another,all之后:
Can you have another two cakes? 你还能再吃两块蛋糕吗?
The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这孩子上周把五枝铅笔全丢了。
2)位于such和more之前:
I can finish reading two such books in two days. 我在两天内能读完这两本书。
Please give me one more apple to eat. 请再给我一个苹果吃。
3)可置于last,next,other之前或之后
His last two books are written in English. 他的后两本书是用英语写的。
3. 基数词的用法 可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。
作主语:
It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是个不吉利的数字。
Three of them will play football. 他们中有三人要去踢足球。
作表语:序数词前的定冠词常省去。
I am eighteen. 我18岁。
Two and two is four. 二加二等于四。
作宾语:
It is worth three hundred. 这件东西值300。
The city has a population of three million. 这个城市有三百万人口。
作定语:
There are only three boys in the class. 班上只有3名男生。
Ten people will come to the party. 十个人要来参加聚会。
作同位语:
Are you two coming? 你们俩来吗?
They ten will go abroad. 他们十个人将出国。
4. 倍数表达法
1)倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than,用…times表示。
The girl is ten times cleverer than her brother.
2)表示“是……两倍数”,用twice。
My room is twice as large as yours.
3)倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as
His apartment is three times as large as that of mine.
Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day.
4)倍数 + 名词短语
My income is twice what it was four years ago.
我现在的收入是四年前的两倍。
5)动词+倍数,用-fold或基数词加times表示。
The value of the stock has increased two-fold since we bought it.
自从我们买进股票以来,股票的价值增加了两倍。
Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。
6)用double(翻一番),triple(三倍于),again等词表示倍数。
This coat cost me as much again as the coat I have just bought.
这件外套比我刚买的那件外套贵一倍。
The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。
5. 小数表示法
小数点左边的数通常按基数词读,若为三位以上的数,也可按编码式读法读出,即将数字单个读出;小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。
6.86 six point eight six
14.15 fourteen point one five
345.456 three four five point four five six
或:three hundred and forty-five point four five six
数词中容易混淆的问题
1. 确数和约数
1) “几百”、“几千”这样一些确数,“百”、“千”不能用复数形式:
数词 + hundred / thousand / million / billion + 名词复数
五百 five hundred
三千 three thousand
两百万 two million
六十亿six billion
2)当hundred,thousand,million加上s后,成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。接of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等:
hundreds / thousands / millions / billions + of + 名词复数
hundreds of new tall buildings数以百计的新高楼;
thousands of students 数以千计的学生;
millions of people 数以百万计的人。
2. 数词和冠词的关系
1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,基数词前不加冠词。
He failed in the first try. 他第一次尝试失败了。
My number is forty-nine. 我的号码是49。
2)序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,表示“再—”;“又—”(a / an+序数词)。
We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须再试一(第四次)次?
The monkey ate a second banana. 这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。
3)下列情况不用冠词
序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时,不能再用冠词:
This is Tom’s second visit to China. 这是汤姆第二次访问中国。
表示比赛或考试的名次时,通常省略定冠词:
He was (the) second in the English exam. 在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。
序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。
I have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业完成好。
在某些习语中不用冠词:
at first起初;first of all首先;at first sight 乍一看。
3. 基数词有时也可以表示顺序,但需要将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后,不加定冠词。
the first lesson——Lesson One
the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
4. of the + 基数词,表示“范围”。
You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.
你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。
5. more在数词中的用法
一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。
She has got five more pens. 她还有五支钢笔。
6. dozen的用法
1)当它不与具体数字连用时,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次.
2)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
three dozen red roses 三打红玫瑰
3)当与 a few,several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略。
several dozen (of) pencils = several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔
4)当它后面的名词受 the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
知识点一 基数词
例1:It's never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his.
A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth C. fifty D. fifties
【答案】D
【解析】句意:马克思在五十多岁时开始学英语。短语“in one's + 数词的复数形式”表示“在某人多少岁的时候”。此处表示“马克思在五十多岁时……”故答案为D。
变式训练1:
1)Lindu's mother looks young, but actually she is in her ________ .
A. sixties B. sixtieth C. sixty years old D. sixty years
【答案】A
【解析】句意:林督的母亲看上去很年轻,但实际上她六十多岁了。“in one's + 表示几十的基数词”是固定短语,意为“大约几十岁”,此处表示在六十到七十之间。故答案为A。
2)—How many people were invited to the meeting?
—About six ________ .
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:有多少人被邀请参加会议?大约六百人。表达确数时,hundred,thousand,million等词不加s。所以排除B和D。表示约数时,hundred,thousand,million等词与of连用,必须加s。又排除C。故选择答案A
知识点二 序数词
例2:Now, Let’s turn to page ________ and look at the ________ picture in Lesson Three.
A. twentieth;one B. twenty;one C. twenties;first D. twenty;first
【答案】D
【解析】句意:请打开书翻到第20页,先来看一下第三课的第一幅图片。表示顺序用序数词,但通常也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序,注意其表达方式不同,序数词前要加定冠词,用基数词表顺序时,要把页、章、节等放在基数词前面,所以,The second page = page 2;picture one = the first picture。故选择D。
变式训练2:
1)There are ________ months in a year. ________ month is December.
A. twelfth;Twelfth B. twelve;Twelve
C. twelfth;the twelfth D. twelve;The twelfth
【答案】D
【解析】句意:一年中有十二个月,第十二个月是December。一年中有十二个月中的十二用基数词(12)表示数量,第十二个月表示顺序用序数词。故答案为D。
2)He joined the army on ________ of May 2012.
A. 21st B. the 21 C. twenty first D. the twenty firs
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他是在2012年5月1日参军的。答案A漏掉了定冠词;答案B少了表示序数词的词尾st;答案C与答案A的错误相同;答案D完整 = the 21st。。故答案为D。
知识点三 分数表示法
例2:Nearly ________ of the earth ________ covered by sea.
A. three fourth;is B. three fourths;is
C. three fourth;are D. three fourths;are
【答案】B
【解析】句意:地球将近四分之三被海洋所覆盖。在分数中,分子用基数词、分母用序数词来表示;分子大于一时,分母用复数形式(加s)。把主语指的那部分看作一个整体,因此谓语动词用单数。符合上述要求的只有B,其他三项均不合题意。故选择B。
变式训练3:
1)________ of the city was covered with the heavy smog.
A. Two-third B. Two-thirds C. Two-three D. Two-threes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这座城市的三分之二被浓雾笼罩着。分数的表达方式为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于一时,分母用复数形式。故选B。
2)There are ________ teachers in our school, ________ of them are women teachers.
A. two hundreds;three fourth B. two hundred;three fourths
C. two hundred;three fourth D. two hundreds;three fourths
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学校二百名教师,其中四分之三是女教师。hundred与具体数字连用时使用单数,所以排除A和D。用分数表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数形式,所以又排除了C。故选择答案B。
知识点四 数词和冠词的关系
例4:It was in ______ when he was already in ______ that he went to Yanan.
  A. the 1940s,the 40s  B. the 1940s,his forties
C. 1940's,his forties   D. the 1940's,his 40s
【答案】B
【解析】句意:那是20世纪40年代,在他40多岁的时候去的延安。“在20世纪40年代”,必须有定冠词the。此外,年代后要加's或s。“他已经40多岁了”要用in his forties,故选择B。
变式训练4:
1)It's _______ walk from here to my school.
  A. two-hours  B. two hours  C. two-hour   D. a two-hour 
【答案】D
【解析】句意:从这里到学校步行两个小时。在表数量的合成词中,名词部分为单数,排除A和B。“walk”作为名词,常与不定冠词连用,如:a two-year-old boy,two-hour修饰walk,作为一个整体,前面加不定冠词泛指。所以再排除C。故选择D。
2)I have asked him three times. I wonder if I can ask him ________ time.
  A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我已经问过他三次了,我不知道我能不能再问他一次。序数词前面加不定冠词表示“又一次”。故选择答案D。
知识点五 dozen的用法
例5:He went to the market and bought _______ eggs and some meat.
  A. several dozen of B. several dozen
C. several dozens   D. several dozens of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他去市场买了几十个鸡蛋和一些肉。dozen与several,many连用时,复数不加s。dozens of表示几十(数量很多),在修饰有these,the等词限定的名词时,可用dozen of的形式。如:three dozen of these eggs。故选择B。
变式训练5:
1)Mo Yan has published ________ novels, of which some are very popular among Chinese readers, Red Sorghum, for example.
A. a dozen of B. a dozen C. dozen of D. dozens of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:莫言已经出版了几十本小说,其中一些小说在中国读者中很受欢迎,比如《红高粱》。a dozen of =12;dozens of novels=几十(句子中表示几十本);在修饰有these,the等词限定的名词时,可用dozen of的形式。当dozen不与具体数字连用,要加复数词尾-s,后接介词of。根据事实分析莫言出版的小说不仅仅是12本,故选择D。
2)Shortly after the accident, _________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A .dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen
【答案】A
【解析】句意:事故发生后不久,十几名警察被派往现场维持秩序。当dozen不与具体数字连用时,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时dozens of表示许多,几十。故选择A。
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1. They sold ______ boxes of such sweets last week.
 A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen
【答案】A
【解析】 句意:上个星期他们卖了四打这样的糖果。“dozen”与数词或many,several等词连用时复数一般不加s,故B、C两项不选。dozen与数词连用做定语,一般也不加of。故选择A。
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那时他才二十几岁。表示“几十”的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄,本句为"二十多岁"。故选择C。
3. The two great men wrote those letters in _______ .
 A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 1870
【答案】C
【解析】句意:两位伟人在19世纪70年代写了这些信。定冠词the和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。故选择C。
4. On National day ______ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
  A. hundreds of millions of   B. millions of hundred of
  C. hundreds millions of    D. millions hundreds of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在国庆节上,数亿人参加各种庆祝活动。tens of thousands of(小数在前,大数在后)thousands and thousands of(两数一样大)。所以用hundreds of millions of。故选择A。
5. He has lived at ______ for 30 years.
  A. No. 101 Heping Street  B. 101 Heping Street
C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他在和平街101号住了30年。居住的门牌号用介词at + 号数 + 街道名。故选择B
6. 14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
  A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:赤道以南,地球表面的81%是水。不可数的名词的百分比用单数;可数名词的百分比则用复数。C项时态不对。故选择A。
7. It's about ______ , the thickness of a human hair.
  A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths
C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
【答案】B
【解析】句意:大约是十五分之二,一个人头发的厚度。分数做定语,分子用基数词,分母为序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数,本题中,其它表达方式均不正确。故选择B。
8. It was in 1939 that ______ broke out.
  A. World War Second B. the World War Second
C. Second World War D. World War II
【答案】D
【解析】句意:第二次世界大战是在1939爆发的。序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是The Second World War的形式;World War II = The Second World。故选择D。
9. You'll have to spend _______writing your report here.
  A. one day or two days B. one day or two
C. a day or two D. two days or one
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你得花一两天时间在这里写报告。只有C项为正确的表达方式,或者也可以写成“one or two days”。再如:one hour and a half或one and a half hours。故选择C。
10. The price of such material was reduced _______ .
  A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent
C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这种材料的价格降低了18% 。表增加或减少的数量的百分比用by + 百分数表示。故选择A。
11. The earth is nearly _______ the moon.
  A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of
C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:地球的大小几乎是月球的50倍。times表示倍数,如:two times the size of表示是……的两倍的大小,还可以用two times as large/big as。另外,two times the size of = twice the size of。类似的用法有twice the height(depth,width,weight)of。故选择B。
12. ______of the land in that district _______covered with trees and grass.
  A. Two fifth,is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is  D. Two fifths, are????????
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖着。分数的分母用基数词,分子用序数词,分子大于一时,分母+s。分数做主语,把主语指的那部分看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。故选择C。
13. ______ people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
  A. Three scores of B. Three score of
C. Three score D. Three scores
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有60人被派去帮助抗洪。three score of people(score 的具体数量是20),three score of sth. (sth.主要指一些代词和表示数量的名词,如,people,them,teachers等等)。而scores of sth. 是很多的意思。如scores of people很多人。score做定语修饰名词用a/three score of,不用复数形式。故选择B。
14. It took me ______ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
  A. a half dozen B. half a dozen
C. haft dozens D. half dozen
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我花了六天才画完了一匹漂亮的马。“半打(6个)”的表达方式一定要用“half a dozen”。故选择B。
15. _______of the population here are peasants.
  A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这里20% 的人口是农民。百分比作修饰语,前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式。故选择B。
16. He cut the cake ______ .
  A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他把这块蛋糕切成同样大小的两半。in half表示“分成一样大小的两半”。也可以说cut sth. in two;A、C、D的表达方式都不正确。故选择B。
17. Two _______ died of cardiovascular disease last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
【答案】B
【解析】句意:去年冬天有二百位老人死于心血管疾病。答案A缺少of;C不仅缺少of,people还用了复数形式,D也是people用了复数形式。故选择B。
18. He came out ______ in the track events.
  A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他在径赛项目中得了第一名。这里first可以认为是起副词作用,也可以看成是表语或者可以看做一种“取得第一名”的习惯用法。故选择A。
19. He has _______ books in his study.
  A. several thousands B. some thousands of
C. some thousands D. some thousand of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他书房里有成千上万本书。用thousands of表示成千上万。several thousand 作前置定语修饰名词时,不加s。故选择B。
20. Mr. Smith asked me to buy several ______eggs for the dinner.
A. dozen   B. dozens C. of dozens D. dozens of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:史米斯先生让我买几打鸡蛋当晚餐。dozen与数词或several,many连用时,复数不加s;排除B、C、D。故选择A。
二、句型训练(Use the correct form of the words in brackets)
1. When Tom sat down, a ________ man rose to speak. (four)
【答案】fourth
【解析】 根据上下文得知是又一个人站起来发言(汤姆坐下后,第四个人又站起来发言),序数词前面可加不定冠词表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。
2. The volume of the Sun is about 1,300,000 ________ that of the earth. (time)
【答案】times
【解析】 times表示倍数或者次数。根据上下文,此处显然是表示倍数。(太阳的体积约为地球的1300000倍。)
3. Unless dramatic action is taken, the total world population by the year 2020 will be ______ ______ what it was in 1920. (fourth,time)
【答案】four,times
【解析】 根据上下文得知说话者要表达的是到2020年的人口增长情况,表示倍数用基数词+times。(除非采取有力措施,否则到2020年总世界人口将是1920年的四倍。)
4. The average income of the staff has ________ compared with last year.(增加50%)
与去年相比,该单位职工的收入增加了50%。
【答案】has been increased by 50 percent
【解析】表示百分比一般用percent和percentage,但percent必须与具体数字连用(在英国英语中该词常分开写为 per cent)。
5. My theme was so redundant that my teacher asked me to reduce it to ________ .(一半)
【答案】half it size
【解析】这里表示的是“……是……的多少倍”;比如:increased by two times = increased twice,增长了两倍。从该句子分析出老师让说话人删减一半的文字,即原文的0.5倍。(我的文章写得太啰嗦,老师要我把文章删减到原文的一半。)
6. He was a thinnish fellow in his _______.(40岁)
【答案】forties
【解析】 整十的基数词用复数形式来表示人的岁数或年代。 如:in the sixties 在60年代in one’s thirties 在某人30多岁时。(他瘦瘦的,大约有四十多岁。)
7. In this workshop the output of July was ________ that of January.(3.5倍)
【答案】3.5 times (as much as)
【解析】 是……的多少倍,经常用基数词+ times或者基数词+ times + as much as/as big as/as large as等。(这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的3.5倍。)
8. The price of rice __________ this month.(下降2/3)
【答案】has reduced to two thirds
【解析】表示增或者减意义的词+ to +倍数的句型常译为“增(降)至……倍。(这个月大米的价格下降到原价的2/3。)
9. Many scientists believe that the earth can yield enough food to support ________ in the world. (两倍的人口)
【答案】twice its population
【解析】 因air。(许多科学家认为地球上能够生产出足够的粮食供养两倍的世界人口。)
10. I failed four times, my mother encouraged me to ________ try.(再一次)
【答案】have a fifth
【解析】 句子上下文告诉我们,失败了四次,那么再做一次就是第五次。当序数词前有不定冠词修饰时表示“再一次”的意思。(我失败四次了,我妈妈鼓励我再试一次。)
三、Translate the following into Chinese(英译汉)
1. Who is the woman, the second in the second line?
第二列中第二位女士是谁?
2. They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
他们三人想尽力在日落前完成任务。
3. Four students are playing volleyball outside.
四个学生在外面打排球。
4. May is the fifth month of the year.
五月是一年中的第五个月。
5. The two happily opened the box.
两个人高兴地打开了盒子。
6. He was among the first to arrive.
他是首批到达的人员之一。
7. I need three boxes altogether.
我总共需要三个盒子。
8. Linde was second last year in our school.
林德去年在我校排第二。
9. The first day of May is International Labour Day.
五月一日是国际劳动节。
10. Mr. Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.
史密斯先生让我再拿三张CD。
四、Translate the following into English(汉译英)
1. 她的朋友很多。
She’s got dozens of friends.
2. 我很喜欢这种袜子,给我来一打吧。
I like this kind of socks very much, and give me a dozen, please.
3. 如果这次失败,我们得再做一次。
If we fail this time, we'll have to do it a second time.
4. 我已经问过他两次了,还要再问他一次吗?
I have asked him two times. Shall I ask him a third time?
5. 那是在二十世纪六十年代,他当时还只是一名小学生。
It was in the 1960s, he was still a pupil at that time.
6. 我们生产的电扇数量相当于去年的4倍。
We have produced four-fold as many electric fans as we did last year.
7. 在春天,我们总是会在这里种上成千上万棵树。
In spring, we always plant thousands of trees here.
8. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。
The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.
9. --你能看见远处有很多牛吧?
--看见了,大约有二千头。
--Have you seen many cattle in the distance?
--Yes, about two thousand of them.
【温馨提示】thousands of为固定短语,意为:数以千计的;但是当thousand与数词合用时,后面不加s。
10. 20世纪80年代初,他突然在时尚界活跃起来。
He burst onto the fashion scene in the early 1980s.
第三讲 数词(解析版)
数词在英语中用法广泛,应用活跃,看似简单,实际上运用时并不简单,有很多需要注意的地方。在高考中要求重点掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数等基本用法和日期、时刻、年龄等表达形式;掌握不定数量词、约数量词的表达方法。注意基数词和序数词用法上的辨析,数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行。在复习过程中,要系统归纳、掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候,必须注重正确引导,强调夯实基础的重要性。建议教师首先引导学生进行语言知识的梳理,把与数词有关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通,形成相应的网络构架,使学生熟练掌握相关表达方法,并列出学生出容易出现错误的问题,通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. Numeral of Noun(数词)
表示数量或顺序的词叫做数词。数词有两大类,即:基数词与序数词。数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。基数词表示数目,如:one,two,three,four,……;序数词表示顺序,如:first,second,third,fourth,……在序数词前一般要加the。
1. 基数词(Cardinal number)
表示数目的词称为基数词,表示方法:
1)从1—10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
2)从 11—19:eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.(注意:除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。)
3)从 21—99:整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。如:21 twenty-one;76 seventy-six。
4)百位数:个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and。如:101 a hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight。
5)千位数以上:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion, two hundred and thirty-seven million, one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
2. 序数词(Ordinal number)
表示顺序的词称为序数词,主要形式:
1)从第一至第十九:除了one — first, two — second, three — third, five— fifth,eight — eighth,nine — ninth,twelve — twelfth为特殊形式外,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如:six — sixth,nineteen — nineteenth。
2)从第二十至第九十九:整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。如:twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth;表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:thirty-first 第三十一;fifty-sixth 第五十六;seventy-third 第七十三;ninety-ninth 第九十九。
3)第一百以上多位序数词:由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand, three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
4)序数词的缩写形式:有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first——lst; second——2nd; third——3rd;fourth——4th; sixth——6th; twentieth——20th;twenty-third——23rd。其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
在很多情况下,也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序:
the second part = Part two (第二部分)
the first chapter = Chapter one (第一章)
the fourth section = Section four (第四节)
II. The Special Expression of Numerals(数词特殊表示法)
1. dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加-s:
a few hundred meters 几百米;
several million people 数百万人;
two thousand teachers 两千位老师。
2. 表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等不确切数目时,用-s of构成短语:
hundreds of books 几百本书
thousands of workers 几千个工人
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。
3. 英语中没有万,十万,千万,亿这样的单位数词。
ten thousand 十千(1000×10=10,000),即一万。试比较:
thousand 1,000
million 1000,000
thousand million (英) 1000,000,000
或者 billion (美) 1000,000,000
fifty-six thousand 56,000
six hundred million 600,000,000
nine and six billion 96,000,000,000
4. 小数中“0”的读法:
nought(英);zero(美),也可读作字母o的读音:
0.08 (nought)point nought eight 或 (zero)point zero eight
9.07 nine point o seven
5. 百分数表示法
百分数中的百分号 % 读作percent。
6% 读作:six percent
0.6% 读作:(nought)point six percent
500% 读作:five hundred percent
12.34% 读作:twelve point three four percent
6. 加减乘除读法
6+5=11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven.
11-6=5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five.
4×5=20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty.
20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five.
7. 分数表示法
整数与分数之间须用and或者over连接:
4 1/2 four and a half (四又二分之一)
9 2/5 nine and two fifths(九又五分之二)
43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven
分数用作前置定语时,分母要用单数形式:
a one-third mile 1/3英里
a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数
III. The Syntactic Function of Numerals(数词句法功能)
1. 复数形式的用法
基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
1)与of短语连用表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人。
2)表示三三两两时:
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地到达了。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
3)表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。
dozens of ages 几十岁
He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。
She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。
4)在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:
3 * 5 = 15 ---- Three fives is (are) fifteen.
2. 基数词的使用位置
1)位于another,all之后:
Can you have another two cakes? 你还能再吃两块蛋糕吗?
The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这孩子上周把五枝铅笔全丢了。
2)位于such和more之前:
I can finish reading two such books in two days. 我在两天内能读完这两本书。
Please give me one more apple to eat. 请再给我一个苹果吃。
3)可置于last,next,other之前或之后
His last two books are written in English. 他的后两本书是用英语写的。
3. 基数词的用法 可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。
作主语:
It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是个不吉利的数字。
Three of them will play football. 他们中有三人要去踢足球。
作表语:序数词前的定冠词常省去。
I am eighteen. 我18岁。
Two and two is four. 二加二等于四。
作宾语:
It is worth three hundred. 这件东西值300。
The city has a population of three million. 这个城市有三百万人口。
作定语:
There are only three boys in the class. 班上只有3名男生。
Ten people will come to the party. 十个人要来参加聚会。
作同位语:
Are you two coming? 你们俩来吗?
They ten will go abroad. 他们十个人将出国。
4. 倍数表达法
1)倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than,用…times表示。
The girl is ten times cleverer than her brother.
2)表示“是……两倍数”,用twice。
My room is twice as large as yours.
3)倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as
His apartment is three times as large as that of mine.
Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day.
4)倍数 + 名词短语
My income is twice what it was four years ago.
我现在的收入是四年前的两倍。
5)动词+倍数,用-fold或基数词加times表示。
The value of the stock has increased two-fold since we bought it.
自从我们买进股票以来,股票的价值增加了两倍。
Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。
6)用double(翻一番),triple(三倍于),again等词表示倍数。
This coat cost me as much again as the coat I have just bought.
这件外套比我刚买的那件外套贵一倍。
The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。
5. 小数表示法
小数点左边的数通常按基数词读,若为三位以上的数,也可按编码式读法读出,即将数字单个读出;小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。
6.86 six point eight six
14.15 fourteen point one five
345.456 three four five point four five six
或:three hundred and forty-five point four five six
数词中容易混淆的问题
1. 确数和约数
1) “几百”、“几千”这样一些确数,“百”、“千”不能用复数形式:
数词 + hundred / thousand / million / billion + 名词复数
五百 five hundred
三千 three thousand
两百万 two million
六十亿six billion
2)当hundred,thousand,million加上s后,成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。接of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等:
hundreds / thousands / millions / billions + of + 名词复数
hundreds of new tall buildings数以百计的新高楼;
thousands of students 数以千计的学生;
millions of people 数以百万计的人。
2. 数词和冠词的关系
1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,基数词前不加冠词。
He failed in the first try. 他第一次尝试失败了。
My number is forty-nine. 我的号码是49。
2)序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,表示“再—”;“又—”(a / an+序数词)。
We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须再试一(第四次)次?
The monkey ate a second banana. 这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。
3)下列情况不用冠词
序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时,不能再用冠词:
This is Tom’s second visit to China. 这是汤姆第二次访问中国。
表示比赛或考试的名次时,通常省略定冠词:
He was (the) second in the English exam. 在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。
序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。
I have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业完成好。
在某些习语中不用冠词:
at first起初;first of all首先;at first sight 乍一看。
3. 基数词有时也可以表示顺序,但需要将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后,不加定冠词。
the first lesson——Lesson One
the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
4. of the + 基数词,表示“范围”。
You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.
你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。
5. more在数词中的用法
一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。
She has got five more pens. 她还有五支钢笔。
6. dozen的用法
1)当它不与具体数字连用时,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次.
2)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
three dozen red roses 三打红玫瑰
3)当与 a few,several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略。
several dozen (of) pencils = several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔
4)当它后面的名词受 the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
知识点一 基数词
例1:It's never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his.
A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth C. fifty D. fifties
【答案】D
【解析】句意:马克思在五十多岁时开始学英语。短语“in one's + 数词的复数形式”表示“在某人多少岁的时候”。此处表示“马克思在五十多岁时……”故答案为D。
变式训练1:
1)Lindu's mother looks young, but actually she is in her ________ .
A. sixties B. sixtieth C. sixty years old D. sixty years
2)—How many people were invited to the meeting?
—About six ________ .
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
知识点二 序数词
例2:Now, Let’s turn to page ________ and look at the ________ picture in Lesson Three.
A. twentieth;one B. twenty;one C. twenties;first D. twenty;first
【答案】D
【解析】句意:请打开书翻到第20页,先来看一下第三课的第一幅图片。表示顺序用序数词,但通常也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序,注意其表达方式不同,序数词前要加定冠词,用基数词表顺序时,要把页、章、节等放在基数词前面,所以,The second page = page 2;picture one = the first picture。故选择D。
变式训练2:
1)There are ________ months in a year. ________ month is December.
A. twelfth;Twelfth B. twelve;Twelve
C. twelfth;the twelfth D. twelve;The twelfth
2)He joined the army on ________ of May 2012.
A. 21st B. the 21 C. twenty first D. the twenty firs
知识点三 分数表示法
例2:Nearly ________ of the earth ________ covered by sea.
A. three fourth;is B. three fourths;is
C. three fourth;are D. three fourths;are
【答案】B
【解析】句意:地球将近四分之三被海洋所覆盖。在分数中,分子用基数词、分母用序数词来表示;分子大于一时,分母用复数形式(加s)。把主语指的那部分看作一个整体,因此谓语动词用单数。符合上述要求的只有B,其他三项均不合题意。故选择B。
变式训练3:
1)________ of the city was covered with the heavy smog.
A. Two-third B. Two-thirds C. Two-three D. Two-threes
2)There are ________ teachers in our school, ________ of them are women teachers.
A. two hundreds;three fourth B. two hundred;three fourths
C. two hundred;three fourth D. two hundreds;three fourths
知识点四 数词和冠词的关系
例4:It was in ______ when he was already in ______ that he went to Yanan.
  A. the 1940s,the 40s  B. the 1940s,his forties
C. 1940's,his forties   D. the 1940's,his 40s
【答案】B
【解析】句意:那是20世纪40年代,在他40多岁的时候去的延安。“在20世纪40年代”,必须有定冠词the。此外,年代后要加's或s。“他已经40多岁了”要用in his forties,故选择B。
变式训练4:
1)It's _______ walk from here to my school.
  A. two-hours  B. two hours  C. two-hour   D. a two-hour 
2)I have asked him three times. I wonder if I can ask him ________ time.
  A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
知识点五 dozen的用法
例5:He went to the market and bought _______ eggs and some meat.
  A. several dozen of B. several dozen
C. several dozens   D. several dozens of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他去市场买了几十个鸡蛋和一些肉。dozen与several,many连用时,复数不加s。dozens of表示几十(数量很多),在修饰有these,the等词限定的名词时,可用dozen of的形式。如:three dozen of these eggs。故选择B。
变式训练5:
1)Mo Yan has published ________ novels, of which some are very popular among Chinese readers, Red Sorghum, for example.
A. a dozen of B. a dozen C. dozen of D. dozens of
2)Shortly after the accident, _________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A .dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1. They sold ______ boxes of such sweets last week.
 A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
3. The two great men wrote those letters in _______ .
 A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 1870
4. On National day ______ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
  A. hundreds of millions of   B. millions of hundred of
  C. hundreds millions of    D. millions hundreds of
5. He has lived at ______ for 30 years.
  A. No. 101 Heping Street  B. 101 Heping Street
C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
6. 14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
  A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. It's about ______ , the thickness of a human hair.
  A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths
C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
8. It was in 1939 that ______ broke out.
  A. World War Second B. the World War Second
C. Second World War D. World War II
9. You'll have to spend _______writing your report here.
  A. one day or two days B. one day or two
C. a day or two D. two days or one
10. The price of such material was reduced _______ .
  A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent
C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
11. The earth is nearly _______ the moon.
  A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of
C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
12. ______of the land in that district _______covered with trees and grass.
  A. Two fifth,is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is  D. Two fifths, are????????
13. ______ people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
  A. Three scores of B. Three score of
C. Three score D. Three scores
14. It took me ______ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
  A. a half dozen B. half a dozen
C. haft dozens D. half dozen
15. _______of the population here are peasants.
  A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
16. He cut the cake ______ .
  A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
17. Two _______ died of cardiovascular disease last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
18. He came out ______ in the track events.
  A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
19. He has _______ books in his study.
  A. several thousands B. some thousands of
C. some thousands D. some thousand of
20. Mr. Smith asked me to buy several ______eggs for the dinner.
A. dozen   B. dozens C. of dozens D. dozens of
二、句型训练(Use the correct form of the words in brackets)
1. When Tom sat down, a ________ man rose to speak. (four)
2. The volume of the Sun is about 1,300,000 ________ that of the earth. (time)
3. Unless dramatic action is taken, the total world population by the year 2020 will be ______ ______ what it was in 1920. (fourth,time)
4. The average income of the staff has ________ compared with last year.(增加50%)
5. My theme was so redundant that my teacher asked me to reduce it to ________ .(一半)
6. He was a thinnish fellow in his _______.(40岁)
7. In this workshop the output of July was ________ that of January.(3.5倍)
8. The price of rice __________ this month.(下降2/3)
9. Many scientists believe that the earth can yield enough food to support ________ in the world. (两倍的人口)
10. I failed four times, my mother encouraged me to ________ try.(再一次)
三、Translate the following into Chinese(英译汉)
1. Who is the woman, the second in the second line?
2. They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
3. Four students are playing volleyball outside.
4. May is the fifth month of the year.
5. The two happily opened the box.
6. He was among the first to arrive.
7. I need three boxes altogether.
8. Linde was second last year in our school.
9. The first day of May is International Labour Day.
10. Mr. Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.
四、Translate the following into English(汉译英)
1. 她的朋友很多。
2. 我很喜欢这种袜子,给我来一打吧。
3. 如果这次失败,我们得再做一次。
4. 我已经问过他两次了,还要再问他一次吗?
5. 那是在二十世纪六十年代,他当时还只是一名小学生。
6. 我们生产的电扇数量相当于去年的4倍。
7. 在春天,我们总是会在这里种上成千上万棵树。
8. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。
9. --你能看见远处有很多牛吧?
--看见了,大约有二千头。
10. 20世纪80年代初,他突然在时尚界活跃起来。
第三讲 数词(解析版)
数词在英语中用法广泛,应用活跃,看似简单,实际上运用时并不简单,有很多需要注意的地方。在高考中要求重点掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数等基本用法和日期、时刻、年龄等表达形式;掌握不定数量词、约数量词的表达方法。注意基数词和序数词用法上的辨析,数词考查往往与其他知识点考查结合进行。在复习过程中,要系统归纳、掌握数词的构词法以及各类数词的基本用法。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候,必须注重正确引导,强调夯实基础的重要性。建议教师首先引导学生进行语言知识的梳理,把与数词有关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通,形成相应的网络构架,使学生熟练掌握相关表达方法,并列出学生出容易出现错误的问题,通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. Numeral of Noun(数词)
表示数量或顺序的词叫做数词。数词有两大类,即:基数词与序数词。数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。基数词表示数目,如:one,two,three,four,……;序数词表示顺序,如:first,second,third,fourth,……在序数词前一般要加the。
1. 基数词(Cardinal number)
表示数目的词称为基数词,表示方法:
1)从1—10:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.
2)从 11—19:eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.(注意:除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。)
3)从 21—99:整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”。如:21 twenty-one;76 seventy-six。
4)百位数:个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and。如:101 a hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight。
5)千位数以上:从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。如:
2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion, two hundred and thirty-seven million, one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four
2. 序数词(Ordinal number)
表示顺序的词称为序数词,主要形式:
1)从第一至第十九:除了one — first, two — second, three — third, five— fifth,eight — eighth,nine — ninth,twelve — twelfth为特殊形式外,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如:six — sixth,nineteen — nineteenth。
2)从第二十至第九十九:整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。如:twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth;表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如:thirty-first 第三十一;fifty-sixth 第五十六;seventy-third 第七十三;ninety-ninth 第九十九。
3)第一百以上多位序数词:由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式。如:
one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一
one thousand, three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十
4)序数词的缩写形式:有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。
first——lst; second——2nd; third——3rd;fourth——4th; sixth——6th; twentieth——20th;twenty-third——23rd。其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
在很多情况下,也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序:
the second part = Part two (第二部分)
the first chapter = Chapter one (第一章)
the fourth section = Section four (第四节)
II. The Special Expression of Numerals(数词特殊表示法)
1. dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时,不加-s:
a few hundred meters 几百米;
several million people 数百万人;
two thousand teachers 两千位老师。
2. 表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等不确切数目时,用-s of构成短语:
hundreds of books 几百本书
thousands of workers 几千个工人
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。
3. 英语中没有万,十万,千万,亿这样的单位数词。
ten thousand 十千(1000×10=10,000),即一万。试比较:
thousand 1,000
million 1000,000
thousand million (英) 1000,000,000
或者 billion (美) 1000,000,000
fifty-six thousand 56,000
six hundred million 600,000,000
nine and six billion 96,000,000,000
4. 小数中“0”的读法:
nought(英);zero(美),也可读作字母o的读音:
0.08 (nought)point nought eight 或 (zero)point zero eight
9.07 nine point o seven
5. 百分数表示法
百分数中的百分号 % 读作percent。
6% 读作:six percent
0.6% 读作:(nought)point six percent
500% 读作:five hundred percent
12.34% 读作:twelve point three four percent
6. 加减乘除读法
6+5=11 Six plus five is eleven 或 Six and five is eleven.
11-6=5 Eleven minus six is five. 或 Six from eleven is five.
4×5=20 Four multiplied by five is twenty.或 Four times five is twenty.
20÷4=5 Twenty divided by four is five. 或 Four into twenty goes five.
7. 分数表示法
整数与分数之间须用and或者over连接:
4 1/2 four and a half (四又二分之一)
9 2/5 nine and two fifths(九又五分之二)
43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven
分数用作前置定语时,分母要用单数形式:
a one-third mile 1/3英里
a three-quarter majority 3/4的多数
III. The Syntactic Function of Numerals(数词句法功能)
1. 复数形式的用法
基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
1)与of短语连用表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人。
2)表示三三两两时:
They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地到达了。
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
3)表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。
dozens of ages 几十岁
He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多岁时成为了教授。
She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十来岁时死于肺癌。
4)在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:
3 * 5 = 15 ---- Three fives is (are) fifteen.
2. 基数词的使用位置
1)位于another,all之后:
Can you have another two cakes? 你还能再吃两块蛋糕吗?
The boy lost all the five pencils last week. 这孩子上周把五枝铅笔全丢了。
2)位于such和more之前:
I can finish reading two such books in two days. 我在两天内能读完这两本书。
Please give me one more apple to eat. 请再给我一个苹果吃。
3)可置于last,next,other之前或之后
His last two books are written in English. 他的后两本书是用英语写的。
3. 基数词的用法 可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。
作主语:
It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是个不吉利的数字。
Three of them will play football. 他们中有三人要去踢足球。
作表语:序数词前的定冠词常省去。
I am eighteen. 我18岁。
Two and two is four. 二加二等于四。
作宾语:
It is worth three hundred. 这件东西值300。
The city has a population of three million. 这个城市有三百万人口。
作定语:
There are only three boys in the class. 班上只有3名男生。
Ten people will come to the party. 十个人要来参加聚会。
作同位语:
Are you two coming? 你们俩来吗?
They ten will go abroad. 他们十个人将出国。
4. 倍数表达法
1)倍数 + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than,用…times表示。
The girl is ten times cleverer than her brother.
2)表示“是……两倍数”,用twice。
My room is twice as large as yours.
3)倍数 + as + 形容词 / 副词 / 名词 + as
His apartment is three times as large as that of mine.
Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day.
4)倍数 + 名词短语
My income is twice what it was four years ago.
我现在的收入是四年前的两倍。
5)动词+倍数,用-fold或基数词加times表示。
The value of the stock has increased two-fold since we bought it.
自从我们买进股票以来,股票的价值增加了两倍。
Productivity is increased three fold. 生产效率提高了两倍。
6)用double(翻一番),triple(三倍于),again等词表示倍数。
This coat cost me as much again as the coat I have just bought.
这件外套比我刚买的那件外套贵一倍。
The output of coal has doubled. 煤的产量增加了一倍。
5. 小数表示法
小数点左边的数通常按基数词读,若为三位以上的数,也可按编码式读法读出,即将数字单个读出;小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。
6.86 six point eight six
14.15 fourteen point one five
345.456 three four five point four five six
或:three hundred and forty-five point four five six
数词中容易混淆的问题
1. 确数和约数
1) “几百”、“几千”这样一些确数,“百”、“千”不能用复数形式:
数词 + hundred / thousand / million / billion + 名词复数
五百 five hundred
三千 three thousand
两百万 two million
六十亿six billion
2)当hundred,thousand,million加上s后,成了概数,表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等概念。接of,表示“成百的”,“数以千计的”,“成千上万的”,“亿万的”等:
hundreds / thousands / millions / billions + of + 名词复数
hundreds of new tall buildings数以百计的新高楼;
thousands of students 数以千计的学生;
millions of people 数以百万计的人。
2. 数词和冠词的关系
1)一般情况下,序数词前要加定冠词the,基数词前不加冠词。
He failed in the first try. 他第一次尝试失败了。
My number is forty-nine. 我的号码是49。
2)序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,表示“再—”;“又—”(a / an+序数词)。
We'll go over it a second time.我们得再念第二遍。
We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
我们已经试过三遍了,还必须再试一(第四次)次?
The monkey ate a second banana. 这只小猴又吃了一根香蕉。
3)下列情况不用冠词
序数词前已有物主代词或名词所有格时,不能再用冠词:
This is Tom’s second visit to China. 这是汤姆第二次访问中国。
表示比赛或考试的名次时,通常省略定冠词:
He was (the) second in the English exam. 在这次英语考试中他得了第二名。
序数词被用作副词时不用冠词。
I have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业完成好。
在某些习语中不用冠词:
at first起初;first of all首先;at first sight 乍一看。
3. 基数词有时也可以表示顺序,但需要将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后,不加定冠词。
the first lesson——Lesson One
the fifth page——Page 5(five)
the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)
4. of the + 基数词,表示“范围”。
You can choose a toy of the two as a birthday present.
你可以在这两个玩具中选一个作为生日礼物。
5. more在数词中的用法
一般位于数词之后名词前,有时也可置于名词之后。
She has got five more pens. 她还有五支钢笔。
6. dozen的用法
1)当它不与具体数字连用时,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语。
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次.
2)当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
three dozen red roses 三打红玫瑰
3)当与 a few,several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略。
several dozen (of) pencils = several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔
4)当它后面的名词受 the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词of。
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
知识点一 基数词
例1:It's never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his.
A. the fiftieth B. fiftieth C. fifty D. fifties
【答案】D
【解析】句意:马克思在五十多岁时开始学英语。短语“in one's + 数词的复数形式”表示“在某人多少岁的时候”。此处表示“马克思在五十多岁时……”故答案为D。
变式训练1:
1)Lindu's mother looks young, but actually she is in her ________ .
A. sixties B. sixtieth C. sixty years old D. sixty years
【答案】A
【解析】句意:林督的母亲看上去很年轻,但实际上她六十多岁了。“in one's + 表示几十的基数词”是固定短语,意为“大约几十岁”,此处表示在六十到七十之间。故答案为A。
2)—How many people were invited to the meeting?
—About six ________ .
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:有多少人被邀请参加会议?大约六百人。表达确数时,hundred,thousand,million等词不加s。所以排除B和D。表示约数时,hundred,thousand,million等词与of连用,必须加s。又排除C。故选择答案A
知识点二 序数词
例2:Now, Let’s turn to page ________ and look at the ________ picture in Lesson Three.
A. twentieth;one B. twenty;one C. twenties;first D. twenty;first
【答案】D
【解析】句意:请打开书翻到第20页,先来看一下第三课的第一幅图片。表示顺序用序数词,但通常也可以用基数词代替序数词来表示顺序,注意其表达方式不同,序数词前要加定冠词,用基数词表顺序时,要把页、章、节等放在基数词前面,所以,The second page = page 2;picture one = the first picture。故选择D。
变式训练2:
1)There are ________ months in a year. ________ month is December.
A. twelfth;Twelfth B. twelve;Twelve
C. twelfth;the twelfth D. twelve;The twelfth
【答案】D
【解析】句意:一年中有十二个月,第十二个月是December。一年中有十二个月中的十二用基数词(12)表示数量,第十二个月表示顺序用序数词。故答案为D。
2)He joined the army on ________ of May 2012.
A. 21st B. the 21 C. twenty first D. the twenty firs
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他是在2012年5月1日参军的。答案A漏掉了定冠词;答案B少了表示序数词的词尾st;答案C与答案A的错误相同;答案D完整 = the 21st。。故答案为D。
知识点三 分数表示法
例2:Nearly ________ of the earth ________ covered by sea.
A. three fourth;is B. three fourths;is
C. three fourth;are D. three fourths;are
【答案】B
【解析】句意:地球将近四分之三被海洋所覆盖。在分数中,分子用基数词、分母用序数词来表示;分子大于一时,分母用复数形式(加s)。把主语指的那部分看作一个整体,因此谓语动词用单数。符合上述要求的只有B,其他三项均不合题意。故选择B。
变式训练3:
1)________ of the city was covered with the heavy smog.
A. Two-third B. Two-thirds C. Two-three D. Two-threes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这座城市的三分之二被浓雾笼罩着。分数的表达方式为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子大于一时,分母用复数形式。故选B。
2)There are ________ teachers in our school, ________ of them are women teachers.
A. two hundreds;three fourth B. two hundred;three fourths
C. two hundred;three fourth D. two hundreds;three fourths
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们学校二百名教师,其中四分之三是女教师。hundred与具体数字连用时使用单数,所以排除A和D。用分数表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数形式,所以又排除了C。故选择答案B。
知识点四 数词和冠词的关系
例4:It was in ______ when he was already in ______ that he went to Yanan.
  A. the 1940s,the 40s  B. the 1940s,his forties
C. 1940's,his forties   D. the 1940's,his 40s
【答案】B
【解析】句意:那是20世纪40年代,在他40多岁的时候去的延安。“在20世纪40年代”,必须有定冠词the。此外,年代后要加's或s。“他已经40多岁了”要用in his forties,故选择B。
变式训练4:
1)It's _______ walk from here to my school.
  A. two-hours  B. two hours  C. two-hour   D. a two-hour 
【答案】D
【解析】句意:从这里到学校步行两个小时。在表数量的合成词中,名词部分为单数,排除A和B。“walk”作为名词,常与不定冠词连用,如:a two-year-old boy,two-hour修饰walk,作为一个整体,前面加不定冠词泛指。所以再排除C。故选择D。
2)I have asked him three times. I wonder if I can ask him ________ time.
  A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我已经问过他三次了,我不知道我能不能再问他一次。序数词前面加不定冠词表示“又一次”。故选择答案D。
知识点五 dozen的用法
例5:He went to the market and bought _______ eggs and some meat.
  A. several dozen of B. several dozen
C. several dozens   D. several dozens of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他去市场买了几十个鸡蛋和一些肉。dozen与several,many连用时,复数不加s。dozens of表示几十(数量很多),在修饰有these,the等词限定的名词时,可用dozen of的形式。如:three dozen of these eggs。故选择B。
变式训练5:
1)Mo Yan has published ________ novels, of which some are very popular among Chinese readers, Red Sorghum, for example.
A. a dozen of B. a dozen C. dozen of D. dozens of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:莫言已经出版了几十本小说,其中一些小说在中国读者中很受欢迎,比如《红高粱》。a dozen of =12;dozens of novels=几十(句子中表示几十本);在修饰有these,the等词限定的名词时,可用dozen of的形式。当dozen不与具体数字连用,要加复数词尾-s,后接介词of。根据事实分析莫言出版的小说不仅仅是12本,故选择D。
2)Shortly after the accident, _________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A .dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen
【答案】A
【解析】句意:事故发生后不久,十几名警察被派往现场维持秩序。当dozen不与具体数字连用时,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时dozens of表示许多,几十。故选择A。
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1. They sold ______ boxes of such sweets last week.
 A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen
【答案】A
【解析】 句意:上个星期他们卖了四打这样的糖果。“dozen”与数词或many,several等词连用时复数一般不加s,故B、C两项不选。dozen与数词连用做定语,一般也不加of。故选择A。
2. He was only in__ at the time.
A. his 20's B. the 20's C. his twenties D. the twenties
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那时他才二十几岁。表示“几十”的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄,本句为"二十多岁"。故选择C。
3. The two great men wrote those letters in _______ .
 A. 1870's B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 1870
【答案】C
【解析】句意:两位伟人在19世纪70年代写了这些信。定冠词the和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。故选择C。
4. On National day ______ people take part in all kinds of celebration.
  A. hundreds of millions of   B. millions of hundred of
  C. hundreds millions of    D. millions hundreds of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在国庆节上,数亿人参加各种庆祝活动。tens of thousands of(小数在前,大数在后)thousands and thousands of(两数一样大)。所以用hundreds of millions of。故选择A。
5. He has lived at ______ for 30 years.
  A. No. 101 Heping Street  B. 101 Heping Street
C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 101
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他在和平街101号住了30年。居住的门牌号用介词at + 号数 + 街道名。故选择B
6. 14. South of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth__ water.
  A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:赤道以南,地球表面的81%是水。不可数的名词的百分比用单数;可数名词的百分比则用复数。C项时态不对。故选择A。
7. It's about ______ , the thickness of a human hair.
  A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths
C. two fifteen D. two fifteens
【答案】B
【解析】句意:大约是十五分之二,一个人头发的厚度。分数做定语,分子用基数词,分母为序数词,当分子大于1时,分母用复数,本题中,其它表达方式均不正确。故选择B。
8. It was in 1939 that ______ broke out.
  A. World War Second B. the World War Second
C. Second World War D. World War II
【答案】D
【解析】句意:第二次世界大战是在1939爆发的。序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是The Second World War的形式;World War II = The Second World。故选择D。
9. You'll have to spend _______writing your report here.
  A. one day or two days B. one day or two
C. a day or two D. two days or one
【答案】C
【解析】句意:你得花一两天时间在这里写报告。只有C项为正确的表达方式,或者也可以写成“one or two days”。再如:one hour and a half或one and a half hours。故选择C。
10. The price of such material was reduced _______ .
  A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent
C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这种材料的价格降低了18% 。表增加或减少的数量的百分比用by + 百分数表示。故选择A。
11. The earth is nearly _______ the moon.
  A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of
C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:地球的大小几乎是月球的50倍。times表示倍数,如:two times the size of表示是……的两倍的大小,还可以用two times as large/big as。另外,two times the size of = twice the size of。类似的用法有twice the height(depth,width,weight)of。故选择B。
12. ______of the land in that district _______covered with trees and grass.
  A. Two fifth,is B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is  D. Two fifths, are????????
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那个地区五分之二的土地被树木和草覆盖着。分数的分母用基数词,分子用序数词,分子大于一时,分母+s。分数做主语,把主语指的那部分看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。故选择C。
13. ______ people were sent there to help fight against the flood.
  A. Three scores of B. Three score of
C. Three score D. Three scores
【答案】B
【解析】句意:有60人被派去帮助抗洪。three score of people(score 的具体数量是20),three score of sth. (sth.主要指一些代词和表示数量的名词,如,people,them,teachers等等)。而scores of sth. 是很多的意思。如scores of people很多人。score做定语修饰名词用a/three score of,不用复数形式。故选择B。
14. It took me ______ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.
  A. a half dozen B. half a dozen
C. haft dozens D. half dozen
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我花了六天才画完了一匹漂亮的马。“半打(6个)”的表达方式一定要用“half a dozen”。故选择B。
15. _______of the population here are peasants.
  A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这里20% 的人口是农民。百分比作修饰语,前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式。故选择B。
16. He cut the cake ______ .
  A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他把这块蛋糕切成同样大小的两半。in half表示“分成一样大小的两半”。也可以说cut sth. in two;A、C、D的表达方式都不正确。故选择B。
17. Two _______ died of cardiovascular disease last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples
【答案】B
【解析】句意:去年冬天有二百位老人死于心血管疾病。答案A缺少of;C不仅缺少of,people还用了复数形式,D也是people用了复数形式。故选择B。
18. He came out ______ in the track events.
  A. first B. one C. the first D. the one
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他在径赛项目中得了第一名。这里first可以认为是起副词作用,也可以看成是表语或者可以看做一种“取得第一名”的习惯用法。故选择A。
19. He has _______ books in his study.
  A. several thousands B. some thousands of
C. some thousands D. some thousand of
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他书房里有成千上万本书。用thousands of表示成千上万。several thousand 作前置定语修饰名词时,不加s。故选择B。
20. Mr. Smith asked me to buy several ______eggs for the dinner.
A. dozen   B. dozens C. of dozens D. dozens of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:史米斯先生让我买几打鸡蛋当晚餐。dozen与数词或several,many连用时,复数不加s;排除B、C、D。故选择A。
二、句型训练(Use the correct form of the words in brackets)
1. When Tom sat down, a ________ man rose to speak. (four)
【答案】fourth
【解析】 根据上下文得知是又一个人站起来发言(汤姆坐下后,第四个人又站起来发言),序数词前面可加不定冠词表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。
2. The volume of the Sun is about 1,300,000 ________ that of the earth. (time)
【答案】times
【解析】 times表示倍数或者次数。根据上下文,此处显然是表示倍数。(太阳的体积约为地球的1300000倍。)
3. Unless dramatic action is taken, the total world population by the year 2020 will be ______ ______ what it was in 1920. (fourth,time)
【答案】four,times
【解析】 根据上下文得知说话者要表达的是到2020年的人口增长情况,表示倍数用基数词+times。(除非采取有力措施,否则到2020年总世界人口将是1920年的四倍。)
4. The average income of the staff has ________ compared with last year.(增加50%)
与去年相比,该单位职工的收入增加了50%。
【答案】has been increased by 50 percent
【解析】表示百分比一般用percent和percentage,但percent必须与具体数字连用(在英国英语中该词常分开写为 per cent)。
5. My theme was so redundant that my teacher asked me to reduce it to ________ .(一半)
【答案】half it size
【解析】这里表示的是“……是……的多少倍”;比如:increased by two times = increased twice,增长了两倍。从该句子分析出老师让说话人删减一半的文字,即原文的0.5倍。(我的文章写得太啰嗦,老师要我把文章删减到原文的一半。)
6. He was a thinnish fellow in his _______.(40岁)
【答案】forties
【解析】 整十的基数词用复数形式来表示人的岁数或年代。 如:in the sixties 在60年代in one’s thirties 在某人30多岁时。(他瘦瘦的,大约有四十多岁。)
7. In this workshop the output of July was ________ that of January.(3.5倍)
【答案】3.5 times (as much as)
【解析】 是……的多少倍,经常用基数词+ times或者基数词+ times + as much as/as big as/as large as等。(这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的3.5倍。)
8. The price of rice __________ this month.(下降2/3)
【答案】has reduced to two thirds
【解析】表示增或者减意义的词+ to +倍数的句型常译为“增(降)至……倍。(这个月大米的价格下降到原价的2/3。)
9. Many scientists believe that the earth can yield enough food to support ________ in the world. (两倍的人口)
【答案】twice its population
【解析】 因air。(许多科学家认为地球上能够生产出足够的粮食供养两倍的世界人口。)
10. I failed four times, my mother encouraged me to ________ try.(再一次)
【答案】have a fifth
【解析】 句子上下文告诉我们,失败了四次,那么再做一次就是第五次。当序数词前有不定冠词修饰时表示“再一次”的意思。(我失败四次了,我妈妈鼓励我再试一次。)
三、Translate the following into Chinese(英译汉)
1. Who is the woman, the second in the second line?
第二列中第二位女士是谁?
2. They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
他们三人想尽力在日落前完成任务。
3. Four students are playing volleyball outside.
四个学生在外面打排球。
4. May is the fifth month of the year.
五月是一年中的第五个月。
5. The two happily opened the box.
两个人高兴地打开了盒子。
6. He was among the first to arrive.
他是首批到达的人员之一。
7. I need three boxes altogether.
我总共需要三个盒子。
8. Linde was second last year in our school.
林德去年在我校排第二。
9. The first day of May is International Labour Day.
五月一日是国际劳动节。
10. Mr. Smith asked me to fetch another three CDs.
史密斯先生让我再拿三张CD。
四、Translate the following into English(汉译英)
1. 她的朋友很多。
She’s got dozens of friends.
2. 我很喜欢这种袜子,给我来一打吧。
I like this kind of socks very much, and give me a dozen, please.
3. 如果这次失败,我们得再做一次。
If we fail this time, we'll have to do it a second time.
4. 我已经问过他两次了,还要再问他一次吗?
I have asked him two times. Shall I ask him a third time?
5. 那是在二十世纪六十年代,他当时还只是一名小学生。
It was in the 1960s, he was still a pupil at that time.
6. 我们生产的电扇数量相当于去年的4倍。
We have produced four-fold as many electric fans as we did last year.
7. 在春天,我们总是会在这里种上成千上万棵树。
In spring, we always plant thousands of trees here.
8. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。
The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.
9. --你能看见远处有很多牛吧?
--看见了,大约有二千头。
--Have you seen many cattle in the distance?
--Yes, about two thousand of them.
【温馨提示】thousands of为固定短语,意为:数以千计的;但是当thousand与数词合用时,后面不加s。
10. 20世纪80年代初,他突然在时尚界活跃起来。
He burst onto the fashion scene in the early 1980s.
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