(共31张PPT)
Section
A
1a-2b
To
learn
to
use
verb
+
by
…
To
learn
how
to
learn
and
how
to
learn
English
better
To
learn
new
words:
textbook,
conversation,
aloud,
pronunciation
…
How
do
people
learn
a
foreign
language
Do
you
have
good
ways
to
learn
English
How
can
you
improve
your
speaking,
listening,
reading
and
writing
in
English
I
study
English
by
working
with
friends.
How
do
you
study
English
Do
you
study
English
by
the
following
ways
speaking
English
in
class
reading
English
books
How
do
you
study
for
an
English
test
I
study
by…
keeping
English
diaries
=keeping
a
diary
in
English
Check
the
ways
you
study
English.
Then
add
other
ways
you
sometimes
study.
1a
___
a.
by
working
with
friends.
___
b.
by
making
word
cards.
___
c.
by
reading
the
textbook.
___
d.
by
listening
to
tapes
___
e.
by
asking
the
teacher
for
help.
…
By
speaking
with
foreigners
By
watching
English
movies
By
making
friends
with
foreigners
By
reading
English
newspapers
By
reading
English
stories
by
listening
to
tapes.
by
studying
with
a
group.
by
watching
English
programs
on
TV.
by
enjoying
English
songs.
by
taking
English
classes
carefully.
by
asking
the
teacher
for
help.
by
reading
English
magazines
and
newspapers.
by
surfing
the
Internet.
by
making
word
cards.
by
reading
the
textbook.
How
do
you
study
English
I
study
English
…
by
doing
grammar
exercises.
by
taking
notes
carefully.
by
finishing
my
homework
seriously.
1b
Listen.
How
do
these
students
study
for
a
test
Write
letters
from
1a
above.
_____1.
Meiping
_____2.
Peter
_____3.
Tony
b
e
d
1c
Make
conversations
about
how
you
study
for
a
test.
A:
How
do
you
study
for
a
test
B:
I
study
by
working
with
a
group.
Her
English
is
very
good.
Do
you
know
how
she
studies
English
She
studies
English
by…
How
does
she
study
English
They
study
English
by
…
They
study
English
by
watching
English
movies.
How
do
they
study
English
How
do
they
study
English
They
study
English
by
working
with
friends.
They
study
English
by
practising
with
foreigners.
He
studies
English
by
making
word
cards.
How
does
he
study
English
He
studies
English
by
reading
the
textbook.
He
studies
English
by
asking
the
teacher
for
help.
He
studies
English
by
listening
to
tapes.
How
does
he
study
English
2a
Listen
and
check
( )
the
questions
you
hear.
Questions
Answers
_____
1.
Does
anyone
learn
English
by
watching
videos
________
_____
2.
Do
you
have
conversations
with
friends
in
English
________
_____
3.
What
about
listening
to
tapes
_______
_____
4.
What
about
reading
aloud
to
practice
pronunciation
_________
______5.
Have
you
ever
studied
with
a
group
_________
√
√
√
√
2b
Listen
again.
Match
each
answer
below
with
a
question
above.
a.
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
learned
a
lot
that
way.
Oh,
yes.
It
really
improves
my
speaking
skills.
c.
I
do
that
sometimes.
I
think
it
helps.
No.
It’s
too
hard
to
understand
spoken
English.
It’s
too
hard
to
understand
the
voices.
“too
+
形容词/副词
+
to
+
动词原形”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，该句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意义。
He
is
too
young
to
go
to
school.他太小了，不能去上学。
too…to…前面有never，not，only，but等词时，或出现too
…not
to
do的双重否定时，否定词与不定式中的否定意义结合起来构成了肯定意义。
It’s
never
too
old
to
learn.
活到老，学到老。
A:
Have
you
ever
studied
with
a
group
B:
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
learned
a
lot
that
way.
2c
Make
conversations
using
the
information
in
2a
and
2b.
A
sample
dialogue:
S1:
Have
you
ever
practiced
conversations
with
your
friends
S2:
Yes,
I
have.
I’ve
learned
a
lot
that
way.
S3:
Have
you
ever
read
aloud
to
practice
your
pronunciation
S4:
No,
I
haven’t.
I
think
it’s
too
hard.
现在完成时的谓语形式
have/has
+
过去分词
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
born.我一出生就生活在这里。
现在完成时
2.
现在完成时的意义
⑴
强调过去动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
I
have
lost
my
keys.
I
can’t
find
them
anywhere.
⑵
表示某种动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，而且还持续了一段时间。
I
have
lived
here
since
I
was
born.
1.
I
study
by
working
with
a
group.我通过小组活动来学习。
by作为介词，用法很多。请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。
【例句】
1.
Come
and
sit
by
us.
2.
Peter
goes
to
work
by
bus
every
day.
3.
Tony
will
come
back
by
10:00
pm.
4.
English
is
spoken
by
lots
of
people.
5.
My
brother
studies
history
by
working
with
a
group.
(6)
组成其它短语:
1)
by
the
way
:
意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一
下”，常做插入语。如：顺便问一下，李丽在哪儿？
By
the
way,
where’s
Lily
2)
by
oneself
:
意为“单独”、“自己”。如：
我不能把她单独留下。
I
can’t
leave
her
by
herself.
3)
by
and
by
:
意为“不久以后”、“不一会
儿”。如：
不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。
By
and
by,
more
and
more
people
began
to
study
English.
【结论】
1.
by可表示位置，(1)
“__________”，如句1。也有“从……旁边(经过)”之意。
2.
by可表示交通、传递等的方式，如句2。
3.
by可表示时间，“到(某时)之前;
不迟于”，如句3。
4.
by可用于构成(2)
________，“被,
由”，如句4。
5.
by可表示方式或手段，(3)
“____________”结构在句中作方式状语，“通过……方式(方法)”或“借助……手段”，如句5。
在……旁边
被动语态
by+v.-ing形式
根据提示，用含有by的短语完成句子。
1. Annie went to Beijing ________
(乘火车) yesterday.
2. His grandfather made a living ________
_____
(靠卖水果) in the past.
by
train
by
selling
fruits
3. The scientists have to arrive at the village _________
(八月以前).
4. Allen goes _______________
(经过邮局)
on
his
way
to
school
every
morning.
5. The book was written _________________
(由几个工程师).
Ⅰ.
Choose
the
best
answer.
1.
He
goes
to
school
____
bike.
A.
by
B.
on
C.
in
D.
at
2.
—
How
do
you
study
English
so
well
—
By
____
lots
of
books.
A.
read
B.
look
C.
watching
D.
reading
Ⅱ.
Complete
the
following
sentences.
1.
大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？
What
about
____________
to
practice
pronunciation
2.
她通过读课本来学习英语。
She
studies
English
__________
the
textbook.
3.
She
improves
her
English
____________
___________
(通过加入英语俱乐部).
reading
aloud
by
reading
by
joining
an
English
club
How
do
you
study
English
What
about
your
friends
Please
write
a
passage.
