Unit1 Art-词汇篇
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掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作。
单词讲解：
Abstract
1)Adj.深奥的，抽象的
Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。
The word “honesty” is an abstract noun.
Beauty is abstract but a house is not .美是抽象的，房子是具体的。
2）V.
“提炼” “抽取”
The workers are abstracting metal from ore.工人们正在由矿砂提炼金属。
Rubber is abstractedfrom trees.橡胶是从树木提取的。
Salt can be abstracted from sea water.盐是从海水中提取出来的。
“转移（注意）等
distract one’s attention from sth从……上转移开某人的注意力
Nothing can distract his attention from his work.
“概括，写摘要”
He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。
3）n.
an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要
would rather do sth情愿做….
would rather sb did sth情愿sb做…
情愿做….而不愿意做…：
would rather do sth than do sth
= would do sth rather than do sth
= prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= prefer doing sth to doing sth
I would rather stay at home today. 我今天宁愿待在家里。
I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。
我宁愿跟你走而不愿意待在这里：
I would rather go with you than stay here.
I would go with you rather than stay here.
I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.
I prefer going with you to staying here.
faith n. 信任,信仰
break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。
He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人, 失去所有。
faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的
have faith in 相信, 信任
in good faith 老实地；诚恳地
consequently adv. 所以，因此
Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it.
福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。
consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的
as a consequence/result = in consequence = so
She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被判有罪,因而失去了工作
consequence n. 结果
as a consequence/result of = because of
aim
1）n.
(C) 目标
without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的
achieve one’s aim
miss one’s aim 打不中目标
(U) 对准, 瞄准 take aim at
The hunter took aim at the lion
sb/ sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是….
What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?
The governor’s aim is to increase citizens’ income.
2）v.
(以枪等) 对准,瞄准 aim at
take aim at the target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子
The factory must aim at increasing its quality .他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中
He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it.
aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的
She led an aimless life.
打算,计划, 以……为目标, 立志做……
aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到
Harry aims at becoming a doctor.
or: Harry aims to become a doctor.
conventional
adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的;受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的
conventional weapons 常规武器
a conventional design 传统图案
conventional opinions 旧观念
The chairman made a few conventional remarks. 主席说了几句客套话。
typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的
a typical character 典型人物
typical example 典型事例
He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils.
他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。
realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的
in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式
realism现实主义idealism
realist现实主义者
terrorism 恐怖主义
terrorist 恐怖分子
real adj. 真的
realize v. 实现
adopt vt.
1.采取;采纳;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。
2.过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
3.正式通过,接受
The agenda was adopted after some discussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。
adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的 adopted child
possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：
1）“有，拥有”。如：
The library possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
2）“具有……的特质”。常见搭配有 be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如：
I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋。
3）“支配，控制”。如：
He was possessed by the desire to be rich.
possession
【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）
The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。
personal possessions个人财产
He lost all his possessions in the fire.
【u】占有，拥有
take possession of 占领，夺取
come into possession of 占有
in possession of (表主动）占有
in the possession of （表被动） …被占有
He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子。
The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。
convince
convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做…
convince sb that使某人确信某事
He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。
I was convinced that he was sincere.
Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn’t studied your lesson. 你的错误使我确信你没有学习功课。
convince vt. “使确信；使信服”
convince sb. of sth. / that ...
by coincidence 碰巧, 由于巧合
what a coincidence!多么凑巧的事情啊！
What a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这儿碰到你。
I met him by coincidence. I didn’t know he was here.
a great/ good deal 大量; 大量
Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.)
A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.)
He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)
a great/good deal of为adj，修饰[U]
A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量金钱。
1）修饰可数名词：
many a few
a good/great many
A great many buildings have been built along the street.
a large/ big/ great/ / small number of
Many a +单数名词
More than one +单数名词
2）修饰不可数名词：
much
a good/great deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
3）修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)
large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
shadow
1)n.影子
The willow’s shadow falls on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。
The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life.她年纪轻轻遭此劫，影响了她一生。
2)v.尾随，跟踪
He kept looking behind, afraid of being shadowed.他不停的回头看，害怕被跟踪。
He walked in the shadow hoping no one could recognize him.
对比：sit in the shade of a tree.树荫
ridiculous
1)adj.荒谬的，可笑的
It is ridiculous that she should accept a stranger’s invitation.
他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。
v./n.嘲笑，奚落与“laugh at” 和”make fun of”意思相近。
He became an object of ridicule.
They all ridicule my suggestion.
controversial
Adj.有争议的，引起争论的
He became a controversial figure in the world of politics.
他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。
n. controversy [ 'k?ntr?,v?:si ]争论；论战；辩论
The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy.
使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。
scores of 很多
I have heard that scores of times.
Scores of people attended the special performance.
score =20
A score of people were present at the party. 有20个人参加了聚会
Two score of those people wanted to fly there. 那些人中有40人想乘飞机
attempt v.尝试，企图
v.①企图，试图；努力
②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成
attempt doing反复尝试做
attempt to do企图做
attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing
The second question was so difficult; I didn’t even attempt it. 第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。
I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
n. 企图或努力袭击；攻击
an attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击
make an attempt to do sth
make an attempt at doing sth
She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。
The prisoner made an attempt to escape/ at escaping but failed.
at one’s attempt 在sb尝试下
one’s first attempt 初次尝试
on the other hand
另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。
On one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面
This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don’t have to work long hours.
On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don’t have enough money.
at hand在手边，在附近
by hand用手的，手工的
go hand in hand with与……共同行动
predict
1)v.预言，预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。
Nobody can predict what will happen in the future.
It is still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes.
现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。
2) n. prediction 预言，预测
Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。
specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的
Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan?
当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？
Each organ in our body has its specific fun_ction.
我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。
This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。
figure
1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.
2) 体态;风姿She has a slender figure.
3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.
4) 数字Where did you get those figures?
5)His work now commands huge figures.
delicate
He is a delicate child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的
Be careful with those wine cups—they are very delicate.容易的
In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. 需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的
在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。
What a delicate work of art!精妙的
delicate china.精美的瓷器
1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的
He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。
We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one. 我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。
an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员
aggressive weapons 攻击性武器
2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地
3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n. 侵略者
in the flesh活生生，本人，亲自
flesh n.肌肉；肉
Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？
He wouldn’t believe until he saw in the flesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。
flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯
Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood.
lose flesh减肥
gain/put on flesh增肥
flesh-eating食肉的
preference - prefer
1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]
A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。
We dress simply by preference.首先, 最好
2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]
Which is your preference, tea or coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?
3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
Parents should not show preference for any one of their children.
父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C] in preference to 优先于
Have a preference for偏爱
I have a preference for classic music.我更喜欢古典音乐。
We had a preference for sweet food.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.
in preference to… 优先于
I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。
She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.
appeal
vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth.
He appealed to me for help.
2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.
3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.
4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；
As he broke up with his girlfriend, his heart was fragile.
由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。
reputation n.
名誉,名声[(+for)]
The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。
He has a reputation for cheating in the exam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。
have a reputation 享有盛名
好名声,声望;信誉
This restaurant has a fine reputation. 这家餐厅信誉很好。
Cheating at the game ruined that player‘s reputation. 比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
lose one’s reputation 失去盛名；
win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉
more than 不仅仅是…
more than＋名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相当于not only, not just的意思。如：
Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 詹森不仅是一名讲师，他还是一个作家。
Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。
1) more than+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为less than。如
There are more than two hundred people in the park. 公园里有200多人。
2)“more than＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：
I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。
She was dressed more than simply. 她穿着太朴素了。
3) 在“more ... than ...”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常译为“是…… 而不是……” 或 “与其说……不如说……” 。如：
Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。
visual [ 'vizju?l ]
形容词 a.
1）视力的;视觉的
Near-sightedness is a visual defect. 近视是一个视力缺陷。
2）看得见的,可被看见的;视觉的
Primary school teachers use a lot of visual aids. 小学教师使用大量的视觉教具。
3）光学的
Telescopes and microscopes are visual instruments. 望远镜和显微镜是光学仪器。
30.Fragrant芬香的;馥郁的
Love is a fragrant flower; and friendship is a sweet fruit.
爱情是一朵芳香的鲜花，友情是一颗甜美的果实。
contemporary
1)adj.
当代的
His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. 他的演讲是关于当代美国小说家的。
He has furniture of contemporary style.他有现代款式的家具.
同时代的;同年龄的
Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare? 琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈?
be contemporary with 与 … 同时代
2)n. [C]
同时代的人;同年龄的人
He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。
同时期的东西
当代人,现代人
permanent adj.
1)永久的,永恒的;永远的
Nature is permanent. 自然是永恒的。
2)固定性的;常在的
词组总结：
1. in the abstract? 抽象地，理论上 abstract sth. from sth.??从…中提取/抽象出…
2. as well as??也，同，和；同…一样
3. aim at sth.??瞄准 aim?at doing sth. 向着某个目标行动
aim?to do sth.??意欲，企图做某事 with the aim of???带有……的目的
4. focus on=concentrate on????集中
5. convince sb. of sth?????? 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb. +that clause?? 使某人相信…
convince sb.to do sth.??????? 说服某人做某事
6. a great deal（不可数）大量的 scores of?????许多，大量
7. in the flesh?? 活着的，本人
8. take the place of sb = replace?sb 代替，取代
take one’s place???代替，取代；入座；就位
9. break away from?????脱离，摆脱，放弃
10. at the same time?? 同时；但是
11. would rather do sth???????????（主语）宁愿做某事
would rather sb. did sth.?????????? 宁愿某人做某事(现在或将来)
would rather sb. had done sth.????? 宁愿某人做某事(过去) 虚拟
12. as a consequence =in consequence = as a result?? 结果
as a consequence of =in consequence of =as a result of? 由于…的原因（接原因）
13. in possession of???拥有… take/ have possession of??拥有（占有）
in the possession of sb =in one’s possession? 为某人所拥有
14. consider doing???考虑做某事
consider sb./sth. to be/as?= regard sb/sth to be/as 认为，看待???????????????????????????
consider that-clause????????????????????????认为
consider it adj./n.＋to do sth.
15. be (well) worth doing??值得…(主动表被动)
16. be contemporary with???与…属同时期
17. attempt to do sth.?????????企图做某事
18. on one hand…… on the other hand……????? 一方面…另一方面…
19. not only……but also?????不但……而且
20. every two years??
every second year 每两年
every other year
重点句型：
1. At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
名师指津： what we call “modern art”从句作介词of的宾语。
例句仿写：经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为美洲的地方。
After many days’ voyage, they arrived in what is called America now.
2. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
名师指津：表示方位的介词短语位于句首时句子完全倒装。
例句仿写：我注意到，体育馆门前站着很多手拿鲜花的学生，他们在等待贵宾的到来。
I notice that in front of the stadium stand/are standing many students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.
3. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
名师指津：现在分词短语作结果状语。
例句仿写：南方的大雨造成了多个省份的洪灾。
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
4. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.
巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富、更深沉。
名师指津：非限制性定语从句对前面的整个句子进行限定。
例句仿写：她说她在摄影比赛中获得了一等奖，对此我深感怀疑。
She said she won the first prize in the photo competition, whichIdoubtedverymuch.
5. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。
名师指津：without引导含蓄虚拟条件句。
例句仿写：没有你及时的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
(2014·温州十校联考)The local government has taken some effective measures, ________at cutting
down the cost during the tough economy.
A. pointing B. approving
C. managing D. aiming
(2014·皖南八校一次联考)—Have you heard that George quit his job?
—Yeah, but I can’t________why he did so.
A. put out B. figure out
C. carry out D. send out
(2014·泉州五中高三质检)It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what
we________right now.
A. take B. bring
C. possess D. lose
(2013·绵阳二诊)—Did the speaker say anything that ________you especially?
—Not really. Actually I slept through his speech.
A. adapted to B. took up
C. broke down D. appealed to
The young teacher wants to help his students as much as he can, but________, he’d better help them learn on their own.
A. for one thing B. as usual
C. in other words D. on the other hand
基础演练
一、单项填空
1. If you were an artist, what kind of pictures________ you________?
A. would; have painted B. had; painted
C. have; painted D. would; paint
2. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions________ their activities and achievements.
A. as long as B. as well as C. as far as D. as soon as
3. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces________ this period is famous.
A. for whom B. for that C. for which D. where
4. The Impressionists were the first painters________ outdoors.
A. work B. to work C. worked D. working
5. Their paintings were not as detailed as________ of earlier painters.
A. ones B. those C. it D. that
6. Today they are accepted as the beginning of________ we call “modern art”.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
7. There are________ modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles________.
A. scores of; might not exist
B. two scores of; would not have existed
C. score of; might exist
D. two scores; would have existed
8. The work of art is so________ that the visitors can’t see what the painter meant.
A. absolute B. abstract C. absorbed D. attractive
9. He________ to get out of trouble, but no one would help him.
A. succeeded B. attempted C. managed D. offered
10. On the one hand, we should develop our economy.________, we should protect the environment.
A. On the other hand B. As a matter of fact
C. That is D. In other words
二、语境填词
1. Her idea seems a little a________, so we don’t understand it.
2. He has no children so he a________ an orphan 2 months ago.
3. It’s urgent that we improve our ability to p________ earthquakes.
4. He a________ to escape from the prison, but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
5. The s________ of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on.
6. The teacher has lost ________ (信任) in the naughty boy.
7. He was charged with ____________ (拥有) a shotgun without a license.
8. Their ________ (目标) is to buy a villa of their own in two years.
9. His performance was absolutely ________ (极好的).
10. It was clearly ________ (明显的) that the boss of the company was in serious financial difficulties.
巩固提高
一、选词填空
by coincidence, scores of, as well as, concentrate on, would rather, on the other hand, lead to, break away from
1. My grandfather ________________ work in the garden than drink tea in the room.
2. I’d like to eat out, but ________________________ I should be trying to save money.
3. When the earthquake happened, ________________, about 150 students were having PE lessons on the playground.
4. The heavy rain last week ______________ serious floods.
5. On May Day, ________________ shoppers entered the supermarket.
6. I can’t __________________ my studies with all that noise going on.
7. She tried to ______________________ the old customs.
8. __________________ writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
二、词义辨析
1. 用a great deal, a great deal of填空
(1)I see him __________________ in the park.
(2)You will have to work ______________________ faster.
(3)______________________ money has been spent on the new hospital.
2. 用that is, such as, for example填空
(1)Many great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________________.
(2)I have three friends, ________________, John, Jack and Tom.
(3)Fruits ________________ apples and pears are good for health.
(4)Only two persons can do the job, ________________ you and I.
三、佳句翻译与仿写
1. Would you rather have Chinese or Western style paintings in your home?
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)你更愿意做什么，是去看电影还是呆在家里？
________________________________, go to the cinema or stay at home?
(2)你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车？
_______________________________________________________________________
2. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)显然已经出了差错。
______________________ a mistake has been made.
(2)显然，他不能胜任那项工作。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)我相信他将比卓别林更出名。
________________________ he would be more famous than Chaplin.
(2)我相信他知道真相。
_______________________________________________________________________
4. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)如果你听了我的建议, 就不会考试不及格了。
If you ________________________, you ________________________________ in the exam.
(2)如果我现在见到他, 我会很高兴的。
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)地上躺着一只生病的山羊。
________________________ a sick goat.
(2)铃一响，学生们就冲了出去。
__________________________ the moment the bell rang.
一、单项填空
1. We can’t accurately________ what will happen in the future.
A. debate B. speak C. analyze D. predict
2. He studied hard, ________ the exam.
A. aim at B. aiming at passing
C. aiming passing D. aimed to passing
3. —Does the young tall man standing there________ the company?
—No. The company is________ his father.
A. have possession of; in the possession of
B. in possession of; in the possession of
C. take possession of; in possession of
D. have possession of; in possession of
4. ________ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Large amounts of B. A good many
C. A great deal of D. A large number of
5. After a two-hour talk, she________ the truth of the report.
A. was persuaded B. was believed in
C. was convinced of D. was advised
6. Shelly has been preparing carefully for the driving test so that she can be sure of passing it at her first________.
A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. desire
7. Jack is late again. It is________ of him to keep others waiting.
A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical
8. I would rather go fishing________ stay at home.
A. as B. to C. than D. while
9. I wish I________ you when we were badly in need of your help yesterday.
A. did see B. had seen C. could see D. saw
10. —I’m going to the post office.
—________！I need to mail a letter. Could you do it for me?
A. How exciting B. What a coincidence
C. How lucky D. That’s good
二、语境填词
1. This actress has a beautiful face and slim f________.
2. He has a p__________ for playing football among sports.
3. I long for a p________ job, for I’m tired of changing my job constantly.
4. We sent our teacher a b________ of fresh flowers on Teachers’ Day.
5. The beauty of the countryside a________ to me, so I decided to stay there for another two days.
6. We discourage you from smoking except in ________ (特定的) areas.
7. Can I have your ________ (署名) on this book?
8. A good salesperson has to be __________ (积极进取的) in today’s competitive market.
9. Be careful not to drop the cup；it’s very __________ (易碎的).
10. The sun can easily damage a child’s ________ (娇嫩的) skin.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项填空
1. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good________.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
2. —How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
—To be honest, his singing didn’t________ to me much.
A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur
3. I don’t like fish because I am________ to them.
A. allergic B. aggressive C. familiar D. similar
4. The teacher asked the children to write on________ line but Tom just wrote very carelessly________ lines.
A. other every; few every B. other every; every a few
C. every other; every few D. every other; every a few
5. The girl is more beautiful________ than in her photographs.
A. in the flesh B. flesh and blood C. in person D. in flesh
6. —Do you need any help, Lucy?
—Yes. The job is________ I could do myself.
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
7. The book________ reading is worthy of________.
A. worthy; being bought B. worthy; buying
C. worth; being bought D. worth; buying
8. —Your aunt and uncle are leaving tomorrow morning.
—I would rather they________ on an early train.
A. left B. would leave C. leave D. had left
9. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ________ all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
10. —When shall we meet?
—________.Any day is OK with me.
A. It’s up to you B. All right
C. That’s all right D. That depends
二、词义辨析
1. 用contain, include的适当形式填空
(1)The box________ a dozen bottles of wine.
(2)You must ________ her when you send out the invitations.
(3)The band played many songs, ________ some of my favorites/some of my favorites ________.
(4)The drink doesn’t ________ any alcohol.
2. 用alive, live, living, lively填空
(1)The lessons given by Mr. Smith are always ________ and interesting.
(2)A woman was dug out ________ after being buried deep in the ruins for more than 70 hours.
(3)I saw a ________ football match on TV last night.
(4)All ________ things need air, water and sunlight.
(5)They kept the fish ________ for six weeks.
三、完成句子
1. The Summer Palace __________________________ (很值得一看).
2. The buses go ______________________ (每十分钟).
3. ____________________ (最好的办法) learn English is to do a lot of practice.
4. Pop songs ________________________________________________ (对当代的青少年有吸引力).
5. She told me that happiness ______________________ (在于帮助他人) to be happy.
6. ____________________________ (走了六十英里后)，they finally arrived at the mountain village.
7. ________________________ (令人大为惊讶) she came up and shook my hand.
8. The young man with long hair walks ________________________ (像个女孩).
四、完形填空
While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one evening. The overhead light outside my door was burned out and I had __1__finding the keyhole. When I __2__to open the door, I__3__around the wall for a light switch. I found a place where a switch was__4__installed...but no switch!
Not discouraged easily, I remembered __5__ a lamp by the bed when I deposited my luggage __6__ in the day. I found the bed in the __7__ and then the lamp, but when I switched it on, nothing __8__！I thought that perhaps if I opened the curtains I might be able to use whatever light comes in from the __9__ to find another lamp. So I __10__ my way slowly across the room to the curtains and...no drawstring！I finally stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)around __11__ I found a desk lamp which actually __12__!
That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world __13__ be and how necessary light is！But even more necessary than __14__ light is the light that shines from people—the light of __15__ and faith. Because, for many people, the world is a dark and __16__ place. For someone today just may be stumbling in discouragement or sadness or fear and in __17__ of some light. So let your light shine. Whatever light you __18__ may be a beacon of hope and encouragement. And if you feel that your light is __19__ a candle in a forest, remember—there isn’t enough darkness in the world to __20__ the light of one small candle.
1. A. confidence
B. respect
C. admiration
D. difficulty
2. A. managed
B. failed
C. wished
D. meant
3. A. touched
B. felt
C. sensed
D. looked
4. A. already
B. never
C. still
D. once
5. A. equipping
B. producing
C. spotting
D. removing
6. A. later
B. earlier
C. lower
D. upper
7. A. light
B. dark
C. room
D. corner
8. A. happened
B. operated
C. fired
D. developed
9. A. machine
B. street
C. room
D. car
10. A. wound
B. forced
C. made
D. lost
11. A. after
B. until
C. while
D. since
12. A. helped
B. affected
C. worked
D. inspired
13. A. can
B. shall
C. will
D. must
14. A. mental
B. psychological
C. electrical
D. physical
15. A. existence
B. love
C. truth
D. wisdom
16. A. lonely
B. colorful
C. friendly
D. complex
17. A. short
B. favor
C. face
D. need
18. A. make
B. offer
C. take
D. contribute
19. A. not more than
B. other than
C. no more than
D. rather than
20. A. put out
B. give out
C. get over
D. set up
五、阅读理解
Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change—to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.
Landscape (风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Lesliepaints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotions and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of colour photography (摄影术) to help both the eyes and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.
Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.
Over thousands of years the fun_ction of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.
1. The underlined word “poetry” most probably means________.
A. an object for artistic creation
B. a collection of poems
C. an unusual quality
D. a natural scene
2. Leslie’s paintings are extraordinary because________.
A. they are close in style to works in ancient times
B. they look like works by 19th-century painters
C. they draw attention to common things in life
D. they depend heavily on colour photography
3. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?
A. They express people’s curiosity about the past.
B. They make people interested in everyday experience.
C. They are considered important for variety in form.
D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.
4. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. History of the arts.
B. Basic questions of the arts.
C. New developments in the arts.
D. Use of modern technology in the arts.
The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As a Norwegian politician said last week, “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”
Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years, this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however, with nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.
1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to________.
A. provide more jobs for foreign workers
B. slow down the rate of its development
C. sell the oil it is producing abroad
D. develop more quickly than at present
2. The Norwegian Government has tried to________.
A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources
B. prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway
C. help the oil companies solve many of their problems
D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size
3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to________.
A. the development of industry
B. a growth in population
C. the failure of the development programme
D. the development of new towns
4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be________.
A. a large reduction on unemployment
B. a growth in the tourist industry
C. a reduction in the number of existing industries
D. the development of a number of service industries
Unit1 Art-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作。
单词讲解：
Abstract
1)Adj.深奥的，抽象的
Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。
The word “honesty” is an abstract noun.
Beauty is abstract but a house is not .美是抽象的，房子是具体的。
2）V.
“提炼” “抽取”
The workers are abstracting metal from ore.工人们正在由矿砂提炼金属。
Rubber is abstractedfrom trees.橡胶是从树木提取的。
Salt can be abstracted from sea water.盐是从海水中提取出来的。
“转移（注意）等
distract one’s attention from sth从……上转移开某人的注意力
Nothing can distract his attention from his work.
“概括，写摘要”
He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。
3）n.
an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要
would rather do sth情愿做….
would rather sb did sth情愿sb做…
情愿做….而不愿意做…：
would rather do sth than do sth
= would do sth rather than do sth
= prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= prefer doing sth to doing sth
I would rather stay at home today. 我今天宁愿待在家里。
I would rather you came here tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather you hadn’t told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。
我宁愿跟你走而不愿意待在这里：
I would rather go with you than stay here.
I would go with you rather than stay here.
I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.
I prefer going with you to staying here.
faith n. 信任,信仰
break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言。
He who loses faith, loses all.失去信心的人, 失去所有。
faithful adj. 忠诚的，可靠的
have faith in 相信, 信任
in good faith 老实地；诚恳地
consequently adv. 所以，因此
Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently, he knows very little about it.
福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。
consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的
as a consequence/result = in consequence = so
She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被判有罪,因而失去了工作
consequence n. 结果
as a consequence/result of = because of
aim
1）n.
(C) 目标
without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的
achieve one’s aim
miss one’s aim 打不中目标
(U) 对准, 瞄准 take aim at
The hunter took aim at the lion
sb/ sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是….
What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么?
The governor’s aim is to increase citizens’ income.
2）v.
(以枪等) 对准,瞄准 aim at
take aim at the target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子
The factory must aim at increasing its quality .他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中
He aimed his gun at the tiger, fired but missed it.
aimless a. 无目标的，无目的的
She led an aimless life.
打算,计划, 以……为目标, 立志做……
aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到
Harry aims at becoming a doctor.
or: Harry aims to become a doctor.
conventional
adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的;受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的
conventional weapons 常规武器
a conventional design 传统图案
conventional opinions 旧观念
The chairman made a few conventional remarks. 主席说了几句客套话。
typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的
a typical character 典型人物
typical example 典型事例
He is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other pupils.
他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。
realistic 现实主义的,逼真的,现实的
in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式
realism现实主义idealism
realist现实主义者
terrorism 恐怖主义
terrorist 恐怖分子
real adj. 真的
realize v. 实现
adopt vt.
1.采取;采纳;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.
再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。
2.过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
3.正式通过,接受
The agenda was adopted after some discussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。
adopted adj. 被收养的，被采用的 adopted child
possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：
1）“有，拥有”。如：
The library possesses a number of the artist’s early works. 图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。
2）“具有……的特质”。常见搭配有 be possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如：
I’m afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humor. 恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
He is possessed of great natural ability. 他很有天赋。
3）“支配，控制”。如：
He was possessed by the desire to be rich.
possession
【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）
The ring is one of her most valuable possessions. 这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。
personal possessions个人财产
He lost all his possessions in the fire.
【u】占有，拥有
take possession of 占领，夺取
come into possession of 占有
in possession of (表主动）占有
in the possession of （表被动） …被占有
He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子。
The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。
convince
convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of sth.说服某人做…
convince sb that使某人确信某事
He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。
I was convinced that he was sincere.
Your mistakes convinced me that you hadn’t studied your lesson. 你的错误使我确信你没有学习功课。
convince vt. “使确信；使信服”
convince sb. of sth. / that ...
by coincidence 碰巧, 由于巧合
what a coincidence!多么凑巧的事情啊！
What a coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这儿碰到你。
I met him by coincidence. I didn’t know he was here.
a great/ good deal 大量; 大量
Ever since the reform and opening, China has changed a great deal. (adv.修饰v.)
A great deal has been studied and this is considered the best way to solve the difficult problem.(n.)
He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)
a great/good deal of为adj，修饰[U]
A great deal of money was spent on the project. 那个项目花费了大量金钱。
1）修饰可数名词：
many a few
a good/great many
A great many buildings have been built along the street.
a large/ big/ great/ / small number of
Many a +单数名词
More than one +单数名词
2）修饰不可数名词：
much
a good/great deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
3）修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)
large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
shadow
1)n.影子
The willow’s shadow falls on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。
The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life.她年纪轻轻遭此劫，影响了她一生。
2)v.尾随，跟踪
He kept looking behind, afraid of being shadowed.他不停的回头看，害怕被跟踪。
He walked in the shadow hoping no one could recognize him.
对比：sit in the shade of a tree.树荫
ridiculous
1)adj.荒谬的，可笑的
It is ridiculous that she should accept a stranger’s invitation.
他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。
v./n.嘲笑，奚落与“laugh at” 和”make fun of”意思相近。
He became an object of ridicule.
They all ridicule my suggestion.
controversial
Adj.有争议的，引起争论的
He became a controversial figure in the world of politics.
他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。
n. controversy [ 'k?ntr?,v?:si ]争论；论战；辩论
The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy.
使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。
scores of 很多
I have heard that scores of times.
Scores of people attended the special performance.
score =20
A score of people were present at the party. 有20个人参加了聚会
Two score of those people wanted to fly there. 那些人中有40人想乘飞机
attempt v.尝试，企图
v.①企图，试图；努力
②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成
attempt doing反复尝试做
attempt to do企图做
attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing
The second question was so difficult; I didn’t even attempt it. 第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。
I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet. 我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
n. 企图或努力袭击；攻击
an attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击
make an attempt to do sth
make an attempt at doing sth
She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。
The prisoner made an attempt to escape/ at escaping but failed.
at one’s attempt 在sb尝试下
one’s first attempt 初次尝试
on the other hand
另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。
On one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面
This job is not well paid, but on the other hand, I don’t have to work long hours.
On one hand, I need a computer, but on the other hand, I don’t have enough money.
at hand在手边，在附近
by hand用手的，手工的
go hand in hand with与……共同行动
predict
1)v.预言，预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。
Nobody can predict what will happen in the future.
It is still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes.
现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。
2) n. prediction 预言，预测
Her prediction turned out to be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。
specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的
Can you be a bit more specific when you talk about your plan?
当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？
Each organ in our body has its specific fun_ction.
我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。
This kind of disease is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。
figure
1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.
2) 体态;风姿She has a slender figure.
3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to everyone.
4) 数字Where did you get those figures?
5)His work now commands huge figures.
delicate
He is a delicate child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的
Be careful with those wine cups—they are very delicate.容易的
In such a delicate situation I have to weigh my words. 需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的
在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。
What a delicate work of art!精妙的
delicate china.精美的瓷器
1)aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的
He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。
We regarded the Iraq War as an aggressive one. 我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。
an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员
aggressive weapons 攻击性武器
2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地
3)aggression n.侵略（行动）aggressor n. 侵略者
in the flesh活生生，本人，亲自
flesh n.肌肉；肉
Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？
He wouldn’t believe until he saw in the flesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。
flesh and blood肉体，血肉之躯
Though he is a hero, he is still flesh and blood.
lose flesh减肥
gain/put on flesh增肥
flesh-eating食肉的
preference - prefer
1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]
A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。
We dress simply by preference.首先, 最好
2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]
Which is your preference, tea or coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?
3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
Parents should not show preference for any one of their children.
父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C] in preference to 优先于
Have a preference for偏爱
I have a preference for classic music.我更喜欢古典音乐。
We had a preference for sweet food.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.
in preference to… 优先于
I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one. 我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。
She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.
appeal
vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to sb for sth.
He appealed to me for help.
2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a variety of sources of information.
3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.
4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；
As he broke up with his girlfriend, his heart was fragile.
由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。
reputation n.
名誉,名声[(+for)]
The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing. 该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。
He has a reputation for cheating in the exam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。
have a reputation 享有盛名
好名声,声望;信誉
This restaurant has a fine reputation. 这家餐厅信誉很好。
Cheating at the game ruined that player‘s reputation. 比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
lose one’s reputation 失去盛名；
win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉
more than 不仅仅是…
more than＋名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相当于not only, not just的意思。如：
Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 詹森不仅是一名讲师，他还是一个作家。
Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。
1) more than+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为less than。如
There are more than two hundred people in the park. 公园里有200多人。
2)“more than＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：
I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。
She was dressed more than simply. 她穿着太朴素了。
3) 在“more ... than ...”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常译为“是…… 而不是……” 或 “与其说……不如说……” 。如：
Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。
visual [ 'vizju?l ]
形容词 a.
1）视力的;视觉的
Near-sightedness is a visual defect. 近视是一个视力缺陷。
2）看得见的,可被看见的;视觉的
Primary school teachers use a lot of visual aids. 小学教师使用大量的视觉教具。
3）光学的
Telescopes and microscopes are visual instruments. 望远镜和显微镜是光学仪器。
30.Fragrant芬香的;馥郁的
Love is a fragrant flower; and friendship is a sweet fruit.
爱情是一朵芳香的鲜花，友情是一颗甜美的果实。
contemporary
1)adj.
当代的
His lecture is on contemporary American novelists. 他的演讲是关于当代美国小说家的。
He has furniture of contemporary style.他有现代款式的家具.
同时代的;同年龄的
Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare? 琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈?
be contemporary with 与 … 同时代
2)n. [C]
同时代的人;同年龄的人
He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。
同时期的东西
当代人,现代人
permanent adj.
1)永久的,永恒的;永远的
Nature is permanent. 自然是永恒的。
2)固定性的;常在的
词组总结：
1. in the abstract? 抽象地，理论上 abstract sth. from sth.??从…中提取/抽象出…
2. as well as??也，同，和；同…一样
3. aim at sth.??瞄准 aim?at doing sth. 向着某个目标行动
aim?to do sth.??意欲，企图做某事 with the aim of???带有……的目的
4. focus on=concentrate on????集中
5. convince sb. of sth?????? 使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb. +that clause?? 使某人相信…
convince sb.to do sth.??????? 说服某人做某事
6. a great deal（不可数）大量的 scores of?????许多，大量
7. in the flesh?? 活着的，本人
8. take the place of sb = replace?sb 代替，取代
take one’s place???代替，取代；入座；就位
9. break away from?????脱离，摆脱，放弃
10. at the same time?? 同时；但是
11. would rather do sth???????????（主语）宁愿做某事
would rather sb. did sth.?????????? 宁愿某人做某事(现在或将来)
would rather sb. had done sth.????? 宁愿某人做某事(过去) 虚拟
12. as a consequence =in consequence = as a result?? 结果
as a consequence of =in consequence of =as a result of? 由于…的原因（接原因）
13. in possession of???拥有… take/ have possession of??拥有（占有）
in the possession of sb =in one’s possession? 为某人所拥有
14. consider doing???考虑做某事
consider sb./sth. to be/as?= regard sb/sth to be/as 认为，看待???????????????????????????
consider that-clause????????????????????????认为
consider it adj./n.＋to do sth.
15. be (well) worth doing??值得…(主动表被动)
16. be contemporary with???与…属同时期
17. attempt to do sth.?????????企图做某事
18. on one hand…… on the other hand……????? 一方面…另一方面…
19. not only……but also?????不但……而且
20. every two years??
?every second year 每两年
?every other year
重点句型：
1. At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”.
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为我们现在所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。
名师指津： what we call “modern art”从句作介词of的宾语。
例句仿写：经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为美洲的地方。
After many days’ voyage, they arrived in what is called America now.
2. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。
名师指津：表示方位的介词短语位于句首时句子完全倒装。
例句仿写：我注意到，体育馆门前站着很多手拿鲜花的学生，他们在等待贵宾的到来。
I notice that in front of the stadium stand/are standing many students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.
3. Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.
亨利·克莱·弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，他把房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
名师指津：现在分词短语作结果状语。
例句仿写：南方的大雨造成了多个省份的洪灾。
It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
4. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.
巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富、更深沉。
名师指津：非限制性定语从句对前面的整个句子进行限定。
例句仿写：她说她在摄影比赛中获得了一等奖，对此我深感怀疑。
She said she won the first prize in the photo competition, which I doubted very much.
5. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。
名师指津：without引导含蓄虚拟条件句。
例句仿写：没有你及时的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
(2014·温州十校联考)The local government has taken some effective measures, ________at cutting
down the cost during the tough economy.
A. pointing B. approving
C. managing D. aiming
解析：句意为：当地政府已经采取了一些有效措施, 目的是在经济困难时期减少开销。aim at意为“以……为目的”，aiming at...在此作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句。
答案：D
(2014·皖南八校一次联考)—Have you heard that George quit his job?
—Yeah, but I can’t________why he did so.
A. put out B. figure out
C. carry out D. send out
解析：考查动词短语辨析。put out熄灭，出版；figure out弄明白；carry out贯彻，执行；send out发出，长出。答句意为“是的，但是我不明白他为什么要辞掉工作”。
答案：B
(2014·泉州五中高三质检)It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what
we________right now.
A. take B. bring
C. possess D. lose
解析：句意为：好像我们更重视想得到的东西而不是现在拥有的东西。possess拥有，占有，符合题意。take带走；bring带来，造成；lose失去。
答案：C
(2013·绵阳二诊)—Did the speaker say anything that ________you especially?
—Not really. Actually I slept through his speech.
A. adapted to B. took up
C. broke down D. appealed to
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：——演讲者有没有说什么特别吸引你的东西？——没有。事实上他演讲时我自始至终都在睡觉。adapt to适应，适合；take up占据；break down分解，出故障；appeal to吸引。根据句意可知D项正确。
答案：D
The young teacher wants to help his students as much as he can, but________, he’d better help them learn on their own.
A. for one thing B. as usual
C. in other words D. on the other hand
解析：on the other hand另一方面，由but一词可知此处表示转折。for one thing一方面；as usual通常；in other words换句话说。
答案：D。
基础演练
一、单项填空
1. If you were an artist, what kind of pictures________ you________?
A. would; have painted B. had; painted
C. have; painted D. would; paint
2. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions________ their activities and achievements.
A. as long as B. as well as C. as far as D. as soon as
3. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces________ this period is famous.
A. for whom B. for that C. for which D. where
4. The Impressionists were the first painters________ outdoors.
A. work B. to work C. worked D. working
5. Their paintings were not as detailed as________ of earlier painters.
A. ones B. those C. it D. that
6. Today they are accepted as the beginning of________ we call “modern art”.
A. what B. where C. which D. that
7. There are________ modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles________.
A. scores of; might not exist
B. two scores of; would not have existed
C. score of; might exist
D. two scores; would have existed
8. The work of art is so________ that the visitors can’t see what the painter meant.
A. absolute B. abstract C. absorbed D. attractive
9. He________ to get out of trouble, but no one would help him.
A. succeeded B. attempted C. managed D. offered
10. On the one hand, we should develop our economy.________, we should protect the environment.
A. On the other hand B. As a matter of fact
C. That is D. In other words
答案：1.D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A
二、语境填词
1. Her idea seems a little a________, so we don’t understand it.
2. He has no children so he a________ an orphan 2 months ago.
3. It’s urgent that we improve our ability to p________ earthquakes.
4. He a________ to escape from the prison, but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.
5. The s________ of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on.
6. The teacher has lost ________ (信任) in the naughty boy.
7. He was charged with ____________ (拥有) a shotgun without a license.
8. Their ________ (目标) is to buy a villa of their own in two years.
9. His performance was absolutely ________ (极好的).
10. It was clearly ________ (明显的) that the boss of the company was in serious financial difficulties.
答案：1.abstract 2.adopted 3.predict 4.attempted 5. shadows 6.faith 7.possessing 8.aim 9.superb 10. evident
巩固提高
一、选词填空
by coincidence, scores of, as well as, concentrate on, would rather, on the other hand, lead to, break away from
1. My grandfather ________________ work in the garden than drink tea in the room.
2. I’d like to eat out, but ________________________ I should be trying to save money.
3. When the earthquake happened, ________________, about 150 students were having PE lessons on the playground.
4. The heavy rain last week ______________ serious floods.
5. On May Day, ________________ shoppers entered the supermarket.
6. I can’t __________________ my studies with all that noise going on.
7. She tried to ______________________ the old customs.
8. __________________ writing stories, I love reading and listening to music.
答案：1.would rather 2.on the other hand 3.by coincidence4. led to 5.scores of 6.concentrate on 7.break away from 8.As well as
二、词义辨析
1. 用a great deal, a great deal of填空
(1)I see him __________________ in the park.
(2)You will have to work ______________________ faster.
(3)______________________ money has been spent on the new hospital.
2. 用that is, such as, for example填空
(1)Many great men have risen from poverty—Lincoln and Edison, ________________.
(2)I have three friends, ________________, John, Jack and Tom.
(3)Fruits ________________ apples and pears are good for health.
(4)Only two persons can do the job, ________________ you and I.
答案：
1.(1)a great deal (2)a great deal (3)A great deal of
2. (1)for example (2)that is (3)such as (4)that is
三、佳句翻译与仿写
1. Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your home?
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)你更愿意做什么，是去看电影还是呆在家里？
________________________________, go to the cinema or stay at home?
(2)你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车？
_______________________________________________________________________
2. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)显然已经出了差错。
______________________ a mistake has been made.
(2)显然，他不能胜任那项工作。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)我相信他将比卓别林更出名。
________________________ he would be more famous than Chaplin.
(2)我相信他知道真相。
_______________________________________________________________________
4. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)如果你听了我的建议, 就不会考试不及格了。
If you ________________________, you ________________________________ in the exam.
(2)如果我现在见到他, 我会很高兴的。
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
翻译：____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
仿写：
(1)地上躺着一只生病的山羊。
________________________ a sick goat.
(2)铃一响，学生们就冲了出去。
__________________________ the moment the bell rang.
答案：
1.在你的家里，你更喜欢拥有中国的还是西方的油画？
(1)Which would you rather do (2)Would you rather walk or take the bus?
2. 但是很显然，在13世纪时(人们的)思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
(1)It is evident that
(2)It is evident that he is not equal to the job.
3. 当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景。
(1)I was convinced that
(2)I was convinced that he knew the truth.
4. 如果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。
(1)had taken my advice wouldn’t have failed
(2)If I saw him now, I would be very happy.
5. 在那些突破传统画法的画家中有工作和生活在巴黎的印象派画家。
(1)On the ground lay
(2)Out rushed the students
一、单项填空
1. We can’t accurately________ what will happen in the future.
A. debate B. speak C. analyze D. predict
2. He studied hard, ________ the exam.
A. aim at B. aiming at passing
C. aiming passing D. aimed to passing
3. —Does the young tall man standing there________ the company?
—No. The company is________ his father.
A. have possession of; in the possession of
B. in possession of; in the possession of
C. take possession of; in possession of
D. have possession of; in possession of
4. ________ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Large amounts of B. A good many
C. A great deal of D. A large number of
5. After a two-hour talk, she________ the truth of the report.
A. was persuaded B. was believed in
C. was convinced of D. was advised
6. Shelly has been preparing carefully for the driving test so that she can be sure of passing it at her first________.
A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. desire
7. Jack is late again. It is________ of him to keep others waiting.
A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical
8. I would rather go fishing________ stay at home.
A. as B. to C. than D. while
9. I wish I________ you when we were badly in need of your help yesterday.
A. did see B. had seen C. could see D. saw
10. —I’m going to the post office.
—________！I need to mail a letter. Could you do it for me?
A. How exciting B. What a coincidence
C. How lucky D. That’s good
答案：1.D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C7. D8. C 9. B 10. B
二、语境填词
1. This actress has a beautiful face and slim f________.
2. He has a p__________ for playing football among sports.
3. I long for a p________ job, for I’m tired of changing my job constantly.
4. We sent our teacher a b________ of fresh flowers on Teachers’ Day.
5. The beauty of the countryside a________ to me, so I decided to stay there for another two days.
6. We discourage you from smoking except in ________ (特定的) areas.
7. Can I have your ________ (署名) on this book?
8. A good salesperson has to be __________ (积极进取的) in today’s competitive market.
9. Be careful not to drop the cup；it’s very __________ (易碎的).
10. The sun can easily damage a child’s ________ (娇嫩的) skin.
答案：1.figure 2.preference 3.permanent 4.bunc 5. appealed 6.specific 7.signature 8.aggressive 9. fragile 10.delicate
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一、单项填空
1. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good________.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization
2. —How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
—To be honest, his singing didn’t________ to me much.
A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur
3. I don’t like fish because I am________ to them.
A. allergic B. aggressive C. familiar D. similar
4. The teacher asked the children to write on________ line but Tom just wrote very carelessly________ lines.
A. other every; few every B. other every; every a few
C. every other; every few D. every other; every a few
5. The girl is more beautiful________ than in her photographs.
A. in the flesh B. flesh and blood C. in person D. in flesh
6. —Do you need any help, Lucy?
—Yes. The job is________ I could do myself.
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
7. The book________ reading is worthy of________.
A. worthy; being bought B. worthy; buying
C. worth; being bought D. worth; buying
8. —Your aunt and uncle are leaving tomorrow morning.
—I would rather they________ on an early train.
A. left B. would leave C. leave D. had left
9. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, ________ all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
10. —When shall we meet?
—________.Any day is OK with me.
A. It’s up to you B. All right
C. That’s all right D. That depends
答案：1.B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A
二、词义辨析
1. 用contain, include的适当形式填空
(1)The box________ a dozen bottles of wine.
(2)You must ________ her when you send out the invitations.
(3)The band played many songs, ________ some of my favorites/some of my favorites ________.
(4)The drink doesn’t ________ any alcohol.
2. 用alive, live, living, lively填空
(1)The lessons given by Mr. Smith are always ________ and interesting.
(2)A woman was dug out ________ after being buried deep in the ruins for more than 70 hours.
(3)I saw a ________ football match on TV last night.
(4)All ________ things need air, water and sunlight.
(5)They kept the fish ________ for six weeks.
答案：
1.(1)contained (2)include (3)including included (4)contain
2. (1)lively (2)alive (3)live (4)living (5)alive
三、完成句子
1. The Summer Palace __________________________ (很值得一看).
2. The buses go ______________________ (每十分钟).
3. ____________________ (最好的办法) learn English is to do a lot of practice.
4. Pop songs ________________________________________________ (对当代的青少年有吸引力).
5. She told me that happiness ______________________ (在于帮助他人) to be happy.
6. ____________________________ (走了六十英里后)，they finally arrived at the mountain village.
7. ________________________ (令人大为惊讶) she came up and shook my hand.
8. The young man with long hair walks ________________________ (像个女孩).
答案：1.is well worth a visit 2.every ten minutes 3.The best way to
4.appeal to the contemporary teenagers 5.lies in helping others 6.Having covered 60 miles
7. It was amazing that 8.as if he were a girl
四、完形填空
While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one evening. The overhead light outside my door was burned out and I had __1__finding the keyhole. When I __2__to open the door, I__3__around the wall for a light switch. I found a place where a switch was__4__installed...but no switch!
Not discouraged easily, I remembered __5__ a lamp by the bed when I deposited my luggage __6__ in the day. I found the bed in the __7__ and then the lamp, but when I switched it on, nothing __8__！I thought that perhaps if I opened the curtains I might be able to use whatever light comes in from the __9__ to find another lamp. So I __10__ my way slowly across the room to the curtains and...no drawstring！I finally stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)around __11__ I found a desk lamp which actually __12__!
That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world __13__ be and how necessary light is！But even more necessary than __14__ light is the light that shines from people—the light of __15__ and faith. Because, for many people, the world is a dark and __16__ place. For someone today just may be stumbling in discouragement or sadness or fear and in __17__ of some light. So let your light shine. Whatever light you __18__ may be a beacon of hope and encouragement. And if you feel that your light is __19__ a candle in a forest, remember—there isn’t enough darkness in the world to __20__ the light of one small candle.
1. A. confidence
B. respect
C. admiration
D. difficulty
2. A. managed
B. failed
C. wished
D. meant
3. A. touched
B. felt
C. sensed
D. looked
4. A. already
B. never
C. still
D. once
5. A. equipping
B. producing
C. spotting
D. removing
6. A. later
B. earlier
C. lower
D. upper
7. A. light
B. dark
C. room
D. corner
8. A. happened
B. operated
C. fired
D. developed
9. A. machine
B. street
C. room
D. car
10. A. wound
B. forced
C. made
D. lost
11. A. after
B. until
C. while
D. since
12. A. helped
B. affected
C. worked
D. inspired
13. A. can
B. shall
C. will
D. must
14. A. mental
B. psychological
C. electrical
D. physical
15. A. existence
B. love
C. truth
D. wisdom
16. A. lonely
B. colorful
C. friendly
D. complex
17. A. short
B. favor
C. face
D. need
18. A. make
B. offer
C. take
D. contribute
19. A. not more than
B. other than
C. no more than
D. rather than
20. A. put out
B. give out
C. get over
D. set up
答案：1.D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A14. D
15. B 16. A 17. D 18. B19. C 20. A
五、阅读理解
Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change—to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.
Landscape (风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Lesliepaints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotions and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of colour photography (摄影术) to help both the eyes and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.
Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.
Over thousands of years the fun_ction of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.
1. The underlined word “poetry” most probably means________.
A. an object for artistic creation
B. a collection of poems
C. an unusual quality
D. a natural scene
2. Leslie’s paintings are extraordinary because________.
A. they are close in style to works in ancient times
B. they look like works by 19th-century painters
C. they draw attention to common things in life
D. they depend heavily on colour photography
3. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?
A. They express people’s curiosity about the past.
B. They make people interested in everyday experience.
C. They are considered important for variety in form.
D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.
4. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. History of the arts.
B. Basic questions of the arts.
C. New developments in the arts.
D. Use of modern technology in the arts.
答案：1.C 2. C 3. D 4. B
The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As a Norwegian politician said last week, “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”
Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years, this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however, with nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.
1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to________.
A. provide more jobs for foreign workers
B. slow down the rate of its development
C. sell the oil it is producing abroad
D. develop more quickly than at present
2. The Norwegian Government has tried to________.
A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources
B. prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway
C. help the oil companies solve many of their problems
D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size
3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to________.
A. the development of industry
B. a growth in population
C. the failure of the development programme
D. the development of new towns
4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be________.
A. a large reduction on unemployment
B. a growth in the tourist industry
C. a reduction in the number of existing industries
D. the development of a number of service industries
答案：1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
Unit1 Art-语法篇
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掌握本课语法虚拟语气的用法，并理解其含义；
能够利用虚拟语气的知识作对相应练习题，学会灵活使用。
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等代替should, would。
与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1).动词过去式(或were)
2).助动词（过去式）+动词原形
Should/Would/Could/might+动词原形
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should/Would/Could/might + have+过去分词
If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.?should+动词原形
2.?动词过去式
3. were to+动词原形
Should/Would/could/might+动词原形
If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
错综时间虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：
If I were you, I would have gone home.（从句说的是现在，主句指的是过去。）
If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。)
If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
其它状语从句
方式状语as if(as though)
如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用"had+过去分词"；表示与将来事实相反；谓语动词用"would(might, could)+动词原形"。例如:
He looks at me as if I were mad.
He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如: It looks as if our side is going to win.
目的状语in order that, so that 从句谓语动词用" may/might, can/could)+动词原形"。
例如: She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.
连词引导的条件状语从句:
in case, unless, supposing ,providing, on condition that从句谓语动词用(should)或" might, could)+动词原形"。
连词引导的步状语从句 lest ,for fear that等
We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us.
二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句
Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
要求：ask demand require request beg plead insist pray urge
建议：suggest advise propose recommend move
命令、决定：order command decide determine resolve
其它：consent deserve desire intend maintain prefer等后面的宾语从句中+that…(should )+动词原形
注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right. 注意:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
I insisted that you give me my money back.
"wish+宾语从句"表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不该……"、
但愿……"等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形";表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"(could)would+have+过去分词"。例如:
wish的用法
1). 与现在事实相反 :动词过去式或were
I wish we could go to the seaside today.
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
2).与过去事实相反 : 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
3).与将来事实相反 :助动词过去式+动词原形
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
虚拟语气在would rather/would sooner/would just as soon后接从句:
I'd rather you paid me now.(从句用过去时指现在)
I would rather they came tomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)
I'd rather she hadn't done that.(从句用过去完成时指过去)(此句中的would可看作是表愿望的实义动词)
三、虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"should+动词原形"的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:
It is necessary( appropriate/ crucial / desirable/dreadful / essential/important /improper incredible/ indispensable / insistent /natural / preferable / possible / probable/ proper / right /.significant / surprising /strange/ tragic / urgent /vital /wrong etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
a?在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"应该"、"竟然",可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。例如:
It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can't swim.
四、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
要求：demand requirement request motion pray insistence
建议：suggestion advice proposal recommendation motion
命令、决定：order command decision determination resolution
其它：plan desire idea necessity preference等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that he (should)do exercises first.
五、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句倒装结构：(should, had, were)
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
Were I you, I would be back home. (= If I were you, …)
Should I know it, I would tell you. (= If I should know it, …)
有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A
true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...)
Without water, we would not live. (=If there were no water,…)
But for your help, I couldn’t have finished it.(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
虚拟语气用于定语从句:It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形， (should不能省
略,be用were)"来表示,意为"(现在)该……"。如：
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.
It’s high time (that) we took some action.
虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句:
If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了。
If only I were a bird!我如果是一只鸟就好了。
虚拟语气用于简单句
表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
例如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中。例如:
Would you like a cup of tea.
You had better go now.
3)用"may+动词原形",表示"祝愿"、"但愿"。may须置于句首。例如:
May you be happy!
May you succeed!
含蓄条件句
在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为"含蓄条件句"。含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况:
通过动词不定式短语表示条件。例如:
You would be a fool to refuse his offer. (=If you should refuse his offer, you would be a fool.) 要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。
通过介词短语表达条件。例如:
But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (=If it had not been for the storm...)
要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。
Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.
通过连词otherwise, or, but, that, though, once等表达条件。例如:
She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her.
昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。(otherwise/or=if she hadn't come)
I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy. (=...if I had not been too busy)
我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
通过Were it not for...或Had it not been for...等句式表达条件。意为"如果当时没有……",表示同
过去事实相反的假设。例如:
Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life.
要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。(与现在事实相反)
Had it not been for(=If it had not been for) the leadership of the Party, we should have failed.
若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。(与过去事实相反)
通过分词短语表达条件。例如:
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好的。(=If they had been given more attention...)
无词句暗示条件。例如:
Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。
(暗含条件从句if we had been more careful)
It was so quiet, you could have heard a pin drop.是那样的安静,掉根针你都听得见。
(暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground)
1. (2014·合肥一模)We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we________the concert right now.
A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed
C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed
2.(2014·陕西重点中学高三联考)________you require anything else, please ring the bell for the attendant.
A. Will B. May
C. Should D. Need
3. (2014·江西八校联考)If there hadn’t been so much smog in Beijing, we________the beautiful scenery across the Tian’anmen Square.
A. enjoyed B. would have enjoyed
C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy
4. (2013·皖南八校第二次联考)________here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen.
A. If Bob has come B. If Bob came
C. Had Bob come D. If Bob should come
5. (2014·安徽淮北二模)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, or I________you waiting for so long.
A. had not kept B. would not have kept
C. would not keep D. didn’t keep
基础演练
一、单项填空
1. Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
2. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he________more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
3. This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
4. How I wish every family________ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
5. I can’t stand him. He always talks as if he________ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
6. If our chairman________ on time, we would have to put off the meeting.
A. should come B. would come C. shouldn’t come D. doesn’t come
7. I wouldn’t marry Pat even if she________ the last woman on earth.
A. is B. was C. had been D. were
8. What would you do if the war________?
A. would break out B. were to break out
C. will break out D. is broken out
9. ________ I not so busy now, I would do it.
A. Had B. Be C. Were D. Was
10. ________ he come, the problem would be settled.
A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If
11. If you began to learn painting now, you________ by an art college in three years.
A. will accept B. were accepted
C. will be accepted D. would be accepted
12. Her pale face suggested she________ ill, and our suggestion was that she________ to see a doctor.
A. was; go B. be; go C. was; went D. was; had gone
13. It is high time we________ some effective measures to solve the job problem.
A. will take B. have taken C. had taken D. took
14. He insisted that he________ the law and________.
A. didn’t break; mustn’t be punished
B. doesn’t break; shouldn’t punish
C. hadn’t broken; be not punished
D. hadn’t broken; not be punished
15. —Don’t you think it necessary that he________ to Miami but to New York?
—I agree, but the problem is________ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
巩固提高
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. How I wish every student ________ (have) a scientific and systematic study method!
2. Without electricity, life ______________ (be) quite different today.
3. Mr. Green demanded that Rose ______________ (leave) class before nine.
4. If it __________________ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet ________________ (put) off.
5. I don’t know the word. If I ________ (know) the meaning of it, I wouldn’t have to look it up.
6. He made the suggestion that we ________________ (go) by train.
7. I’d rather she ________ (come) tomorrow.
8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________ (be) broken.
二、翻译句子
我确实太忙了，不然的话，我一定和你一起去。
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老师要求所有的学生都要参加这项活动。
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很奇怪，他居然认识我。
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我要是没有许多事情要做，也许会在这里多呆些时间。
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如果你明天早一点到校，你将有足够的时间读英语。
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三、短文改错
Last week, my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. Time passes quickly. Evening came down, and we spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
1.The young man insisted that he __ nothing wrong and __ free.
A. did; set? B. had done; should be set? C. do; be set? D. had done; must be set
2. Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV.
?A. did??? B. shall do?? C. do? D. have done
3. My suggestion was that the meeting __off still next week..
A. be put? B. to put? C. should put? D. be putting
4. The suggestion has been made ___the basketball game __put off.
A. for; to? B. that; be? C. which; should be? D. to; being
5. The commander ordered that the wounded ___ to hospital right now.
A. to be sent? B. should send C. send?? D. be sent
6. The order came that the medical supplies _____to the village soon.
A. would be sent? B. should send? C. be sent? D. must be sent
7.They requested that he ___ on the radio.
?A. spoke? B. speaks? C. speak?? D. would speak
8.It is important that we __wild animals.
A. will protect??? B. should protect ? C. shall protect??? D. are protecting
9.It is necessary that the problem ___ at once.
?A. solves? B. should solve? C. should be solved?? D. will be solve
10. The teacher demanded that the exam ___before eleven.
A. must finish??? B. would be finished?? C. be finished??? D. must be finished
11.She made the demand that she ___ at once.
?A. leave? B. leaves?? C. left?? D. to be left
12.He is talking too much about America as if he __ there.
?A. had been?? B. has been?? C. was?? D. been
13.Mother insisted that the child's hands ___before dinner.
A. should wash? B. be washed?? C. would wash? D. had washed
14.It is strange that he ___interested in much of his research.
?A. should have lost? B.?would lost? C. had lost?? D. will lost
15.Had you listened to the doctor, you ___ all right now.
A. are? B.?were?? C. would be?? D. would have been
16.___ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.
?A.?Could? B. Should? C.?Might? D. Was I
17.___ to do the work, I should do it some other way.
?A. If were I?? B. I were?? C.? Were I? D. Was I
18.____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave??? B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave? D. If he leave
19.____your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received???? B. Should I received ?
C. Had I received?? D. If I could have received
20.If it were not for the fact that you ___ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
?A.? were?? B.?had been? C. are?? D. be
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一、单项填空
1. ________ coincidence, I met the great artist________ the flesh.
A. By；in B. By; on C. In; in D. In; by
2. The old couple decided to________ a boy and three girls because they had no children of their own.
A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt
3. We published the book intended to________ mainly to teachers and students of Senior Grade 2 in the coming new term.
A. appeal B. attach C. link D. refer
4. I want to get the job very much, but I don’t know how to________ the interviewer of my ability to do it well.
A. remind B. warn C. suspect D. convince
5. —Bob, please go and buy some vegetables for me. I’m busy now.
—Can you be more________, Mum?
—Some tomatoes and a cabbage.
A. specific B. firm C. abstract D. complete
6. My interests include football, bowling and surfing the web________ studying my favorite subjects.
A. less than B. instead of C. as well as D. rather than
7. People suffered________ from the disaster, but they didn’t lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.
A. a good many B. a large number C. a great variety D. a great deal
8. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to________ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
9. He suggested the person referred________ put into prison.
A. is B. be C. should be D. to be
10. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________ the film star had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
11. ________ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
12. He would like to go to a big city to get a good job, but________ he doesn’t feel like leaving his parents.
A. in other words B. on the other hand
C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact
13. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
14. —Sorry, I must be off.
—How nice it would be if you________ a bit longer!
A. stay B. would stay C. stayed D. have stayed
15. ________ a millionaire someday, I would buy you a beautiful house and a splendid car.
A. If I had become B. If I become C. Were I to become D. Had I become
16. —Of the two apples, which one do you prefer?
—________ bigger one. It’s ________ most delicious one, I think.
A. The; a B. The; the C. A; / D. A; the
17. —Let’s make it a rule that the latest________ pays the money.
—We can’t agree with you more.
A. to arrive B. to have arrived C. arriving D. arrives
18. The car Tom was________ was once________ his uncle.
A. in possession of; in the possession of
B. in the possession of; in possession of
C. in possession of; in possession of
D. in the possession of; in the possession of
19. This disease is specific________ this area.It hasn’t been found in other areas.
A. for B. to C. about D. over
20. It is________ of him to be so gentle just like a girl.
A. traditional B. typical C. technical D. tolerable
二、完形填空
America has produced many great painters over the past one hundred years. Georgia O’Keeffe is one of the most popular and easily__21__artists.People do not mistake her work for anyone else’s. People can__22__recognize her paintings which are usually of huge, colorful flowers or bones in dream-like deserts.
Georgia said she did not know where she got the__23__to be an artist, but she said the idea definitely (确定地) came early. She remembered__24__that she planned to be an artist when she was twelve years old.
Georgia’s mother also had artistic interests. She made__25__that Georgia and her sisters studied art, __26__their usual school subjects. After Georgia finished school, she__27__the Art Institute of Chicago, lllinois. Georgia was especially__28__with the help she got from her teacher, John Vanderpoel who taught her a great deal. She later wrote that John Vanderpoel was one of the few__29__teachers she ever knew.
In 1907, the famous painter William Merritt Chase, also one of her teachers, had a great influence on O’Keeffe’s early__30__.She described him as being fresh, full of energy and imagination. She seemed to understand and was attracted by his__31__of painting.
Then, in 1908, Georgia O’Keeffe__32__the world of fine art. She moved back to Chicago and worked in a(n)__33__business.She__34__pictures of products to be sold for companies in order to earn an income as her parents had been struggling__35__for some time in Virginia.
In 1912, Georgia__36__to art school at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. There she learned about another famous artist Kandinsky’s theory. He believed that art__37__aim to fill space in a beautiful way. He thought that artists should try to represent the__38__spirit in outer things. This theory__39__and changed O’Keeffe’s work so much that from then on she regarded Kandinsky’s writings as a__40__and kept reading them throughout the rest of her life.
21. A. organized
B. realized
C. recognized
D. respected
22. A. immediately
B. simply
C. hardly
D. incorrectly
23. A. impression
B. attitude
C. behavior
D. idea
24. A. predicting
B. informing
C. announcing
D. answering
25. A. clear
B. popular
C. sure
D. known
26. A. apart from
B. different from
C. in spite of
D. in case of
27. A. admired
B. appreciated
C. left
D. entered
28. A. concerned
B. bored
C. pleased
D. shocked
29. A. rich
B. real
C. cheerful
D. beautiful
30. A. development
B. interest
C. education
D. announcement
31. A. shape
B. price
C. material
D. style
32. A. left
B. opened
C. created
D. widened
33. A. writing
B. producing
C. advertising
D. marketing
34. A. described
B. drew
C. exchanged
D. sold
35. A. patiently
B. carefully
C. nervously
D. financially
36. A. ran
B. went
C. stepped
D. came
37. A. could
B. would
C. should
D. might
38. A. inner
B. simple
C. different
D. serious
39. A. hurt
B. influenced
C. encouraged
D. increased
40. A. story
B. method
C. way
D. treasure
三、阅读理解
New scheme (计划) for getting children to and from school is being started by the education authorities in part of Eastern England. This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children’s safety on the roads.
Until now the County Council has prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed. Now it has decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport it will prepare to go ahead, provided the arrangement will not lose money and that children taking part will be attending their nearest school.
The new scheme is to be tried out this term for children living in Milton who attend Impington School. The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it will not undertake to provide free transport to the school. But now they have agreed to organize a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school’s headmaster.
Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part. Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a Council official has said the cost to parents should be less than ￡6.50 a term.
They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington. The same bus would now just make an extra journey to pick up the Milton children.
The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new scheme.
1. The children the Council runs buses for now are those________.
A. whose parents are worried about them
B. who would have had to walk otherwise
C. who could not walk
D. who have to travel more than 3 miles
2. Taking part in the Council’s trial scheme are children who________.
A. live in Milton and go to Impington School
B. live in Impington and go to Milton School
C. live in Milton and go to Milton School
D. live in Impington and go to Impington School
3. The new bus service will run________.
A. on morning journey to school only
B. in connection with an existing service
C. only for children living more than three miles away
D. only in wet weather
4. Agreement to pay for the new bus service has been obtained from________.
A. the school’s headmaster
B. the County Council
C. the bus company
D. the parents
Gu Zhaodi,60, had taken water for granted for years. In fact, no one in the beautiful lake city of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province had bothered to spare a thought on water.
But all that changed dramatically overnight last month when taps in the city ran dry. Due to a blue-green algae (藻类) outbreak in Taihu Lake, China’s third largest freshwater lake and the source of drinking water for 4 million Wuxi residents (居民), water from the city’s taps became dark and smelly.
“I can’t believe there is no water for drinking, let alone cooking and washing, ” said Gu.
The lake was blanketed with the algae, giving off a strong smell of rotting meat. A stone thrown into it took a long time to sink. Experts said that algae usually boom because of hot water and rich chemicals like phosphor (磷) in the water.
“High temperature and a lack of rain in the past few months helped the growth of algae,” said Zhang Lijun, an official from the State Environment Protection Administration.“However, pollution from human activity should be most blamed for the disaster.”
Taihu Lake is surrounded by many small factories, which sprang_up in the 1980s.In the 1990s, many foreign-funded (外资的) companies joined in. The industries prospered (繁荣), Wuxi has grown into one of the wealthiest cities in East China.
But that came at the price of pollution. The lake was treated like a waste dump (垃圾堆), with factories emptying industrial waste and untreated sewage(污水)into it.
Although, after the government’s effort, life in the city has gone back to normal, the one-week crisis(危机)rang a bell for the government and local people.“It’s time to rebuild the beauty of nature, or our life will be at risk, ” said Gu.
“A safe environment comes first. Economic growth will be nothing without fresh water to drink and clean air to breathe, ” said ChinaDaily.
1. The following that can help the blue green algae grow is________.
A. low water temperature
B. less chemicals in the water
C. heavy rain
D. plentiful water and sunshine
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The one-week disaster has made the local people realize the importance of building a beautiful city.
B. It is human activity rather than the algae that is to blame for the water pollution.
C. Only when the environment is safe and friendly can man live a better and healthier life.
D. Environment should be taken into consideration first if a city plans to develop its economic.
3. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Who Is to Blame, Man or Algae?
B. Water Turned off
C. Water Pollution Troubled Wuxi
D. Algae Threatened Taihu Lake
4. The underlined phrase “sprang up” in the sixth paragraph means________.
A. develop quickly
B. produce goods quickly
C. come to life
D. grow up
He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one. He suffered from a mental illness that led him to cut off part of his left ear in 1888 and to shoot himself two years later. But after his death, he achieved world fame. Today, Dutch artist Van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists of all time.
Now,150 years after his birth on March 30,1853, Zundert, the town of his birth, has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honor. And the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, home to the biggest collection of his masterpieces, is marking the anniversary with exhibitions throughout the year. The museum draws around 1.3 million visitors every year. Some people enjoy the art and then learn about his life. Others are interested in his life, which then helps them understand his art.
Van Gogh was the son of the mister. He left school when he was just 15.By the age of 27, he had already tried many jobs including an art gallery salesman and a French teacher. Finally in 1880, he decided to begin his studies in art.
Van Gogh is famed for his ability to put his own emotions into his paintings and show his feelings about a scene. His style is marked by short, broad brush strokes (绘画笔法). “Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use color more freely, in order to express myself more forcefully, ” he wrote in a letter to his brother in 1888.
Van Gogh sold only one painting during his short life. He relied heavily on support from his brother, an art dealer who lived in Paris. But now his works are sold for millions of dollars. His portrait of Dr.Gacher sold for $89.5 million in 1990.It is the highest price ever paid for a painting.“I think his paintings are powerful and the brilliant colors in them are attractive to people, ” said a Van Gogh’s fan.
1. All through his life Van Gogh________.
A. depended on his brother
B. worked hard on art studies
C. was not recognized by people
D. expressed himself in paintings
2. Van Gogh killed himself because of________.
A. the poor life
B. his illness
C. his pain from left ear
D. the objections from the artists of his time
3. One of the characteristics of Van Gogh’s paintings is________.
A. the likeness between his paintings and the reality
B. the short time for him to complete a painting
C. the various styles mixed together
D. the special strokes he made
4. The selling of his paintings is considered to be the most successful because________.
A. more and more people like his paintings
B. people can understand him through his paintings
C. 1.3 million people visit his painting museum every year
D. Zundert has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honor
四、书面表达
为了迎接即将到来的期末考试, 你校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王华的身份给校长写一封信, 建议不要取消体育课。
注意：1.词数100～120；
2. 文章的开头和结尾已给出, 但不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster,
I’m writing to express my views concerning our school’s decision that all physical education should be cancelled.
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Looking forward to getting your reply.
Yours sincerely
Wang Hua
Unit1 Art-语法篇
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掌握本课语法虚拟语气的用法，并理解其含义；
能够利用虚拟语气的知识作对相应练习题，学会灵活使用。
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等代替should, would。
与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1).动词过去式(或were)
2).助动词（过去式）+动词原形
Should/Would/Could/might+动词原形
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should/Would/Could/might + have+过去分词
If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.?should+动词原形
2.?动词过去式
3. were to+动词原形
Should/Would/could/might+动词原形
If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
错综时间虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：
If I were you, I would have gone home.（从句说的是现在，主句指的是过去。）
If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。)
If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
其它状语从句
方式状语as if(as though)
如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用"had+过去分词"；表示与将来事实相反；谓语动词用"would(might, could)+动词原形"。例如:
He looks at me as if I were mad.
He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如: It looks as if our side is going to win.
目的状语in order that, so that 从句谓语动词用" may/might, can/could)+动词原形"。
例如: She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.
连词引导的条件状语从句:
in case, unless, supposing ,providing, on condition that从句谓语动词用(should)或" might, could)+动词原形"。
连词引导的步状语从句 lest ,for fear that等
We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us.
二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句
Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
要求：ask demand require request beg plead insist pray urge
建议：suggest advise propose recommend move
命令、决定：order command decide determine resolve
其它：consent deserve desire intend maintain prefer等后面的宾语从句中+that…(should )+动词原形
注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right. 注意:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
I insisted that you give me my money back.
"wish+宾语从句"表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"可惜……"、"……就好了"、"悔不该……"、
但愿……"等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望,用"would(could)+动词原形";表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"had+过去分词"或"(could)would+have+过去分词"。例如:
wish的用法
1). 与现在事实相反 :动词过去式或were
I wish we could go to the seaside today.
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
2).与过去事实相反 : 主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
3).与将来事实相反 :助动词过去式+动词原形
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
虚拟语气在would rather/would sooner/would just as soon后接从句:
I'd rather you paid me now.(从句用过去时指现在)
I would rather they came tomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)
I'd rather she hadn't done that.(从句用过去完成时指过去)(此句中的would可看作是表愿望的实义动词)
三、虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"should+动词原形"的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:
It is necessary( appropriate/ crucial / desirable/dreadful / essential/important /improper incredible/ indispensable / insistent /natural / preferable / possible / probable/ proper / right /.significant / surprising /strange/ tragic / urgent /vital /wrong etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed,etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
a?在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"应该"、"竟然",可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。例如:
It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can't swim.
四、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
要求：demand requirement request motion pray insistence
建议：suggestion advice proposal recommendation motion
命令、决定：order command decision determination resolution
其它：plan desire idea necessity preference等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that he (should)do exercises first.
五、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句倒装结构：(should, had, were)
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
Were I you, I would be back home. (= If I were you, …)
Should I know it, I would tell you. (= If I should know it, …)
有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A
true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...)
Without water, we would not live. (=If there were no water,…)
But for your help, I couldn’t have finished it.(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
虚拟语气用于定语从句:It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形， (should不能省
略,be用were)"来表示,意为"(现在)该……"。如：
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.
It’s high time (that) we took some action.
虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句:
If only I had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了。
If only I were a bird!我如果是一只鸟就好了。
虚拟语气用于简单句
表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
例如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中。例如:
Would you like a cup of tea.
You had better go now.
3)用"may+动词原形",表示"祝愿"、"但愿"。may须置于句首。例如:
May you be happy!
May you succeed!
含蓄条件句
在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为"含蓄条件句"。含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况:
通过动词不定式短语表示条件。例如:
You would be a fool to refuse his offer. (=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.) 要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。
通过介词短语表达条件。例如:
But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier. (=If it had not been for the storm...)
要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。
Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.
通过连词otherwise, or, but, that, though, once等表达条件。例如:
She came to town yesterday, otherwise/or I would not have met her.
昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。(otherwise/or=if she hadn't come)
I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy. (=...if I had not been too busy)
我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
通过Were it not for...或Had it not been for...等句式表达条件。意为"如果当时没有……",表示同
过去事实相反的假设。例如:
Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party,we could not live a happy life.
要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。(与现在事实相反)
Had it not been for(=If it had not been for) the leadership of the Party,we should have failed.
若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。(与过去事实相反)
通过分词短语表达条件。例如:
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好的。(=If they had been given more attention...)
无词句暗示条件。例如:
Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。
(暗含条件从句if we had been more careful)
It was so quiet, you could have heard a pin drop.是那样的安静,掉根针你都听得见。
(暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground)
1. (2014·合肥一模)We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we________the concert right now.
A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed
C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed
解析：考查虚拟语气。由主句中的right now可知此处是与现在正在进行的事实相反，故所填部分用“would＋be＋v.-ing”，选C项。
答案： C
2.(2014·陕西重点中学高三联考)________you require anything else, please ring the bell for the attendant.
A. Will B. May
C. Should D. Need
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：一旦你有任何其他需要，请按铃找服务员。这是一个省略了if的虚拟条件句，原句应该是If you should require anything else，If省略后要把should提前。
答案：C
3. (2014·江西八校联考)If there hadn’t been so much smog in Beijing, we________the beautiful scenery across the Tian’anmen Square.
A. enjoyed B. would have enjoyed
C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：要不是北京有这么多雾，我们就可以好好欣赏一下天安门广场的美景了。根据从句中的“hadn’t been”可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，因此主句应用“would＋have done”的形式。
答案：B
4. (2013·皖南八校第二次联考)________here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen.
A. If Bob has come B. If Bob came
C. Had Bob come D. If Bob should come
解析：考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意为：如果Bob昨天来这里的话，就会见到成龙。由yesterday可知，if虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，因此谓语动词为had done；当if省略时，该句had提前用倒装语序。
答案：C
5. (2014·安徽淮北二模)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, or I________you waiting for so long.
A. had not kept B. would not have kept
C. would not keep D. didn’t keep
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：我陷在交通阻塞里一个多小时，否则我不会让你等那么长时间的。根据was可知是过去发生的事情，根据or可知，是对过去的虚拟假设。“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的虚拟假设。
答案：B
基础演练
一、单项填空
1. Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
2. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he________more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
3. This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
4. How I wish every family________ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
5. I can’t stand him. He always talks as if he________ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
6. If our chairman________ on time, we would have to put off the meeting.
A. should come B. would come C. shouldn’t come D. doesn’t come
7. I wouldn’t marry Pat even if she________ the last woman on earth.
A. is B. was C. had been D. were
8. What would you do if the war________?
A. would break out B. were to break out
C. will break out D. is broken out
9. ________ I not so busy now, I would do it.
A. Had B. Be C. Were D. Was
10. ________ he come, the problem would be settled.
A. Would B. Should C. Shall D. If
11. If you began to learn painting now, you________ by an art college in three years.
A. will accept B. were accepted
C. will be accepted D. would be accepted
12. Her pale face suggested she________ ill, and our suggestion was that she________ to see a doctor.
A. was; go B. be; go C. was; went D. was; had gone
13. It is high time we________ some effective measures to solve the job problem.
A. will take B. have taken C. had taken D. took
14. He insisted that he________ the law and________.
A. didn’t break; mustn’t be punished
B. doesn’t break; shouldn’t punish
C. hadn’t broken; be not punished
D. hadn’t broken; not be punished
15. —Don’t you think it necessary that he________ to Miami but to New York?
—I agree, but the problem is________ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
答案：1.A 2. B3. B 4. B5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. B
巩固提高
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. How I wish every student ________ (have) a scientific and systematic study method!
2. Without electricity, life ______________ (be) quite different today.
3. Mr. Green demanded that Rose ______________ (leave) class before nine.
4. If it __________________ (rain) tomorrow, the sports meet ________________ (put) off.
5. I don’t know the word. If I ________ (know) the meaning of it, I wouldn’t have to look it up.
6. He made the suggestion that we ________________ (go) by train.
7. I’d rather she ________ (come) tomorrow.
8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________ (be) broken.
答案：1.had 2.would/could/should/might be 3.(should) leave 4.rained/were to rain/should rain would/could/should/might be put 5.knew 6.(should) go 7.came 8. were
二、翻译句子
我确实太忙了，不然的话，我一定和你一起去。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
老师要求所有的学生都要参加这项活动。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
很奇怪，他居然认识我。
________________________________________________________________________
我要是没有许多事情要做，也许会在这里多呆些时间。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
如果你明天早一点到校，你将有足够的时间读英语。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.I’m really busy. Otherwise, I would certainly go with you.
2.The teacher ordered that all the students (should) take part in the activity.
3.It’s strange that he should know me.
4.I might stay here a bit longer if I didn’t have many things to do.
5.If you were to come to school earlier tomorrow, you would have enough time to read English.
三、短文改错
Last week, my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. Time passes quickly. Evening came down, and we spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
答案：
Last week, my parents and I took a trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the mountain. The three of were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking since the scenery was so beautiful. Time quickly. Evening came down, and we spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
1.The young man insisted that he __ nothing wrong and __ free.
A. did; set? B. had done; should be set? C. do; be set? D. had done; must be set
2. Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV.
?A. did??? B. shall do?? C. do? D. have done
3. My suggestion was that the meeting __off still next week..
A. be put? B. to put? C. should put? D. be putting
4. The suggestion has been made ___the basketball game __put off.
A. for; to? B. that; be? C. which; should be? D. to; being
5. The commander ordered that the wounded ___ to hospital right now.
A. to be sent? B. should send C. send?? D. be sent
6. The order came that the medical supplies _____to the village soon.
A. would be sent? B. should send? C. be sent? D. must be sent
7.They requested that he ___ on the radio.
?A. spoke? B. speaks? C. speak?? D. would speak
8.It is important that we __wild animals.
A. will protect??? B. should protect ? C. shall protect??? D. are protecting
9.It is necessary that the problem ___ at once.
?A. solves? B. should solve? C. should be solved?? D. will be solve
10. The teacher demanded that the exam ___before eleven.
A. must finish??? B. would be finished?? C. be finished??? D. must be finished
11.She made the demand that she ___ at once.
?A. leave? B. leaves?? C. left?? D. to be left
12.He is talking too much about America as if he __ there.
?A. had been?? B. has been?? C. was?? D. been
13.Mother insisted that the child's hands ___before dinner.
A. should wash? B. be washed?? C. would wash? D. had washed
14.It is strange that he ___interested in much of his research.
?A. should have lost? B.?would lost? C. had lost?? D. will lost
15.Had you listened to the doctor, you ___ all right now.
A. are? B.?were?? C. would be?? D. would have been
16.___ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you.
?A.?Could? B. Should? C.?Might? D. Was I
17.___ to do the work, I should do it some other way.
?A. If were I?? B. I were?? C.? Were I? D. Was I
18.____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave??? B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave? D. If he leave
19.____your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received???? B. Should I received ?
C. Had I received?? D. If I could have received
20.If it were not for the fact that you ___ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
?A.? were?? B.?had been? C. are?? D. be
答案：1-5 BCABD????? 6-10 CCBCC??? 11-15 AABAC 16-20 BCCCC??
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项填空
1. ________ coincidence, I met the great artist________ the flesh.
A. By；in B. By; on C. In; in D. In; by
2. The old couple decided to________ a boy and three girls because they had no children of their own.
A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt
3. We published the book intended to________ mainly to teachers and students of Senior Grade 2 in the coming new term.
A. appeal B. attach C. link D. refer
4. I want to get the job very much, but I don’t know how to________ the interviewer of my ability to do it well.
A. remind B. warn C. suspect D. convince
5. —Bob, please go and buy some vegetables for me. I’m busy now.
—Can you be more________, Mum?
—Some tomatoes and a cabbage.
A. specific B. firm C. abstract D. complete
6. My interests include football, bowling and surfing the web________ studying my favorite subjects.
A. less than B. instead of C. as well as D. rather than
7. People suffered________ from the disaster, but they didn’t lose confidence in rebuilding their homes.
A. a good many B. a large number C. a great variety D. a great deal
8. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to________ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
9. He suggested the person referred________ put into prison.
A. is B. be C. should be D. to be
10. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________ the film star had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
11. ________ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
12. He would like to go to a big city to get a good job, but________ he doesn’t feel like leaving his parents.
A. in other words B. on the other hand
C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact
13. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect.
A. it B. what C. which D. that
14. —Sorry, I must be off.
—How nice it would be if you________ a bit longer!
A. stay B. would stay C. stayed D. have stayed
15. ________ a millionaire someday, I would buy you a beautiful house and a splendid car.
A. If I had become B. If I become C. Were I to become D. Had I become
16. —Of the two apples, which one do you prefer?
—________ bigger one. It’s ________ most delicious one, I think.
A. The; a B. The; the C. A; / D. A; the
17. —Let’s make it a rule that the latest________ pays the money.
—We can’t agree with you more.
A. to arrive B. to have arrived C. arriving D. arrives
18. The car Tom was________ was once________ his uncle.
A. in possession of; in the possession of
B. in the possession of; in possession of
C. in possession of; in possession of
D. in the possession of; in the possession of
19. This disease is specific________ this area. It hasn’t been found in other areas.
A. for B. to C. about D. over
20. It is________ of him to be so gentle just like a girl.
A. traditional B. typical C. technical D. tolerable
答案：1. A 2. D3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A 18. A19. B 20. B
二、完形填空
America has produced many great painters over the past one hundred years. Georgia O’Keeffe is one of the most popular and easily__21__artists.People do not mistake her work for anyone else’s. People can__22__recognize her paintings which are usually of huge, colorful flowers or bones in dream-like deserts.
Georgia said she did not know where she got the__23__to be an artist, but she said the idea definitely (确定地) came early. She remembered__24__that she planned to be an artist when she was twelve years old.
Georgia’s mother also had artistic interests. She made__25__that Georgia and her sisters studied art, __26__their usual school subjects. After Georgia finished school, she__27__the Art Institute of Chicago, lllinois .Georgia was especially__28__with the help she got from her teacher, John Vanderpoel who taught her a great deal. She later wrote that John Vanderpoel was one of the few__29__teachers she ever knew.
In 1907, the famous painter William Merritt Chase, also one of her teachers, had a great influence on O’Keeffe’s early__30__.She described him as being fresh, full of energy and imagination. She seemed to understand and was attracted by his__31__of painting.
Then, in 1908, Georgia O’Keeffe__32__the world of fine art. She moved back to Chicago and worked in a(n)__33__business.She__34__pictures of products to be sold for companies in order to earn an income as her parents had been struggling__35__for some time in Virginia.
In 1912, Georgia__36__to art school at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. There she learned about another famous artist Kandinsky’s theory. He believed that art__37__aim to fill space in a beautiful way. He thought that artists should try to represent the__38__spirit in outer things. This theory__39__and changed O’Keeffe’s work so much that from then on she regarded Kandinsky’s writings as a__40__and kept reading them throughout the rest of her life.
21. A. organized
B. realized
C. recognized
D. respected
22. A. immediately
B. simply
C. hardly
D. incorrectly
23. A. impression
B. attitude
C. behavior
D. idea
24. A. predicting
B. informing
C. announcing
D. answering
25. A. clear
B. popular
C. sure
D. known
26. A. apart from
B. different from
C. in spite of
D. in case of
27. A. admired
B. appreciated
C. left
D. entered
28. A. concerned
B. bored
C. pleased
D. shocked
29. A. rich
B. real
C. cheerful
D. beautiful
30. A. development
B. interest
C. education
D. announcement
31. A. shape
B. price
C. material
D. style
32. A. left
B. opened
C. created
D. widened
33. A. writing
B. producing
C. advertising
D. marketing
34. A. described
B. drew
C. exchanged
D. sold
35. A. patiently
B. carefully
C. nervously
D. financially
36. A.ran
B. went
C. stepped
D. came
37. A. could
B. would
C. should
D. might
38. A. inner
B. simple
C. different
D. serious
39. A. hurt
B. influenced
C. encouraged
D. increased
40. A. story
B. method
C. way
D. treasure
答案：21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. D
三、阅读理解
New scheme (计划) for getting children to and from school is being started by the education authorities in part of Eastern England. This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children’s safety on the roads.
Until now the County Council has prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reasons existed. Now it has decided that if a group of parents ask for help in organizing transport it will prepare to go ahead, provided the arrangement will not lose money and that children taking part will be attending their nearest school.
The new scheme is to be tried out this term for children living in Milton who attend Impington School. The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it will not undertake to provide free transport to the school. But now they have agreed to organize a bus service from Milton to Impington and back, a plan which has the support of the school’s headmaster.
Between 50 and 60 parents have said they would like their children to take part. Final calculations have still to be carried out, but a Council official has said the cost to parents should be less than ￡6.50 a term.
They have been able to arrange the service at a low cost because there is already an agreement with the bus company for a bus to take children who live further away to Impington. The same bus would now just make an extra journey to pick up the Milton children.
The official said they would get in touch with other groups of parents who in the past had asked if transport could be provided for their children, to see if they would like to take part in the new scheme.
1. The children the Council runs buses for now are those________.
A. whose parents are worried about them
B. who would have had to walk otherwise
C. who could not walk
D. who have to travel more than 3 miles
2. Taking part in the Council’s trial scheme are children who________.
A. live in Milton and go to Impington School
B. live in Impington and go to Milton School
C. live in Milton and go to Milton School
D. live in Impington and go to Impington School
3. The new bus service will run________.
A. on morning journey to school only
B. in connection with an existing service
C. only for children living more than three miles away
D. only in wet weather
4. Agreement to pay for the new bus service has been obtained from________.
A. the school’s headmaster
B. the County Council
C. the bus company
D. the parents
答案：1. D 2. A3. B4. D
Gu Zhaodi,60, had taken water for granted for years. In fact, no one in the beautiful lake city of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province had bothered to spare a thought on water.
But all that changed dramatically overnight last month when taps in the city ran dry. Due to a blue-green algae (藻类) outbreak in Taihu Lake, China’s third largest freshwater lake and the source of drinking water for 4 million Wuxi residents (居民), water from the city’s taps became dark and smelly.
“I can’t believe there is no water for drinking, let alone cooking and washing, ” said Gu.
The lake was blanketed with the algae, giving off a strong smell of rotting meat. A stone thrown into it took a long time to sink. Experts said that algae usually boom because of hot water and rich chemicals like phosphor (磷) in the water.
“High temperature and a lack of rain in the past few months helped the growth of algae,” said Zhang Lijun, an official from the State Environment Protection Administration.“However, pollution from human activity should be most blamed for the disaster.”
Taihu Lake is surrounded by many small factories, which sprang_up in the 1980s.In the 1990s, many foreign-funded (外资的) companies joined in. The industries prospered (繁荣), Wuxi has grown into one of the wealthiest cities in East China.
But that came at the price of pollution. The lake was treated like a waste dump (垃圾堆), with factories emptying industrial waste and untreated sewage(污水)into it.
Although, after the government’s effort, life in the city has gone back to normal, the one-week crisis(危机)rang a bell for the government and local people.“It’s time to rebuild the beauty of nature, or our life will be at risk, ” said Gu.
“A safe environment comes first. Economic growth will be nothing without fresh water to drink and clean air to breathe, ” said ChinaDaily.
1. The following that can help the blue green algae grow is________.
A. low water temperature
B. less chemicals in the water
C. heavy rain
D. plentiful water and sunshine
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The one-week disaster has made the local people realize the importance of building a beautiful city.
B. It is human activity rather than the algae that is to blame for the water pollution.
C. Only when the environment is safe and friendly can man live a better and healthier life.
D. Environment should be taken into consideration first if a city plans to develop its economic.
3. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Who Is to Blame, Man or Algae?
B. Water Turned off
C. Water Pollution Troubled Wuxi
D. Algae Threatened Taihu Lake
4. The underlined phrase “sprang up” in the sixth paragraph means________.
A. develop quickly
B. produce goods quickly
C. come to life
D. grow up
答案：1. D 2. D 3. B4. A
He lived his whole life as a poor man. His art and talent were recognized by almost no one. He suffered from a mental illness that led him to cut off part of his left ear in 1888 and to shoot himself two years later. But after his death, he achieved world fame. Today, Dutch artist Van Gogh is recognized as one of the leading artists of all time.
Now,150 years after his birth on March 30,1853, Zundert, the town of his birth, has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honor. And the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, home to the biggest collection of his masterpieces, is marking the anniversary with exhibitions throughout the year. The museum draws around 1.3 million visitors every year. Some people enjoy the art and then learn about his life. Others are interested in his life, which then helps them understand his art.
Van Gogh was the son of the mister. He left school when he was just 15.By the age of 27, he had already tried many jobs including an art gallery salesman and a French teacher. Finally in 1880, he decided to begin his studies in art.
Van Gogh is famed for his ability to put his own emotions into his paintings and show his feelings about a scene. His style is marked by short, broad brush strokes (绘画笔法). “Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I have before my eyes, I use color more freely, in order to express myself more forcefully, ” he wrote in a letter to his brother in 1888.
Van Gogh sold only one painting during his short life. He relied heavily on support from his brother, an art dealer who lived in Paris. But now his works are sold for millions of dollars. His portrait of Dr.Gacher sold for $89.5 million in 1990.It is the highest price ever paid for a painting.“I think his paintings are powerful and the brilliant colors in them are attractive to people, ” said a Van Gogh’s fan.
1. All through his life Van Gogh________.
A. depended on his brother
B. worked hard on art studies
C. was not recognized by people
D. expressed himself in paintings
2. Van Gogh killed himself because of________.
A. the poor life
B. his illness
C. his pain from left ear
D. the objections from the artists of his time
3. One of the characteristics of Van Gogh’s paintings is________.
A. the likeness between his paintings and the reality
B. the short time for him to complete a painting
C. the various styles mixed together
D. the special strokes he made
4. The selling of his paintings is considered to be the most successful because________.
A. more and more people like his paintings
B. people can understand him through his paintings
C. 1.3 million people visit his painting museum every year
D. Zundert has made 2003 “The Van Gogh Year” in his honor
答案：1. C2. B 3. D4. A
四、书面表达
为了迎接即将到来的期末考试, 你校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王华的身份给校长写一封信, 建议不要取消体育课。
注意：1.词数100～120；
2. 文章的开头和结尾已给出, 但不计入总词数。
Dear Headmaster,
I’m writing to express my views concerning our school’s decision that all physical education should be cancelled.
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Looking forward to getting your reply.
Yours sincerely
Wang Hua
参考范文：
Dear Headmaster,
I’m writing to express my views concerning our school’s decision that all physical education should be cancelled. I know the final exams are coming and we should do all we can to prepare for them. Our school, in order to make students do well in the exams, has decided to cancel all physical education. Maybe it’s a good idea, but I think it would be better to have PE classes.
There are many reasons for this. Firstly, physical education is a necessary part of education. Secondly, PE can make students healthy and give them more energy to review lessons. Thirdly, PE can enrich school life and increase students’ interest in study. Lastly, students need a way to relax themselves in order to increase their efficiency of study. In a word, PE greatly benefits students in many ways. So I would appreciate it if you would consider my suggestions and think about letting us have PE classes.
Looking forward to getting your reply.
Yours sincerely
Wang Hua
