第1讲 Living well 词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；
能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。
一. 重点词汇
1. ambition (n.) 雄心
[重点用法]
ambitious adj. 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的;有野心的
be ambitious for [power, social position, etc.] 极欲获得[权力, 社会地位等]
be ambitious of success渴望成功
be ambitious to serve the people一心想为人民服务
[典例]
1) Her ambition is the presidency. 她的抱负是成为一名总统
2) After several hours’ work, she had no ambition to go dancing. 没有精力去跳舞了
3) The prince was attracted by the girl’s beauty, and ambitious to marry her.
王子为女孩的美貌打动了，渴望能娶到她。
2. beneficial (adj.) 有益的
[重点用法]
benefit v. &n.有助于；受益；利益，好处
be beneficial to sth./sb. 对……有益
be of benefit to 对……有益
for the benefit of 为了……(的利益)
benefit from 从……中受益
[典例]
1) A temperate climate is beneficial to the health. 温和气候有利于健康.
2) Sunshine is beneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。
3) I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way.
我希望我写的这些将对有同感的人有帮助.
4) Both sides have benefited from the talks.双方都从和谈中受益。
3. adapt (v.) 使适应;改编
[重点用法]
adapt (oneself) to sth. 适应某物
adapt…to… 使……适应……
adapt sth. for sth. from sth. 根据某事将……改编成……
be adapted from… 由……改编
[典例]
1) You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。
2) The makers adapted the cartoons film for children from the Russian original.
影片制作人为了孩子们将这本俄文原著改编成了卡通电影。
4. conduct (n.) 行为 (v.) 指挥
[重点用法]
conductor n. 领导者, 经理,
a bad conduct 恶劣行为
under the conduct of 在......指导［管理］下
[典例]
1) The chairperson conducted the hearing. 主席先生主持了这个听证会。
2) His conduct of the business was very successful. 他的事业进展得相当顺利。
3) The curator conducted the visitors round the museum. 馆长领着游客们在博物馆中参观。
5. resign (v.) 辞职；委托，把......交托给(to, into)
[重点用法]
resign one’s position (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务
resign office 辞职
resign oneself to 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)
resign oneself to one’s fate 听天由命
resign... to... 把......托付给
[典例]
1) In order to look after her sick mother, Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company. 为了照顾生病的母亲，Mary决定辞去公司经理的职务。
2) I resign my children to your care. 我把孩子们委托你来照顾。
6. companion (n.) 同伴
[重点用法]
make companions of 与......作伴， 与......为友
companions in arms 战友
a faithful companion 忠实伴侣
[典例]
1) His companion is Jim, a black slave who has also run away.
他的搭档Jim是一个黑奴，也是逃出来的。
2) His brother is not much of a companion for him. 他兄弟与他情趣不甚相投。
7. access n.（接近的）方法；通路；可接近性
[重点用法]
accessible adj. 易接近的, 可到达的,
accessible to(prep.)
[典例]
1) Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village. 落石阻断了通往村庄的唯一通道。
2) Every student has free access to the library. 每位学生都可自由利用图书馆。
3) A place accessible to the public. 公众可以进入的地方
8. suitable adj. 适合的，适当的
[典例]
1) Experts in education call for more books suitable for children 教育方面的专家呼吁多些适合儿童阅读的书籍。
2) This wine is not suitable to my taste. 这酒不合我的胃口。
[重点用法]
suit v. 合适，适合，相配
unsuitable adj. 不适合的，不相称的
be suitable for (doing) sth./sb. 很适合(做)……
9. annoy vt. 使生气，使烦恼；招惹；妨碍
[典例]
1) Stop annoying your mother. She is busy. 别烦你妈妈,她现在很忙。
2) It annoyed him when someone made fun of his ugly handwriting. 当有人取笑他的字迹难看时,他就十分恼火。
[重点用法]
be annoyed at/by sth. 因为某事而感到困扰
get /be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
annoying 令人恼火的
annoyed 恼怒的;烦恼的
10. adequate adj. 适当的，足够的；差强人意的
[典例]
1) The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。
2) I am sure to prove adequate to the job. 我一定会证明自己能胜位这项工作。
3) The skater’s technique was only adequate. 滑冰者的技术只能说是差强人意
二. 重点短语
1. in other words 换句话说
[短语归纳]
in a word=in one word 总而言之
in words 用语言
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with 与某人争吵
[典例]
1) You can stay at home and needn’t come here any longer. In other words, you are fired. 你可以在家呆着以后都不用来了。也就是说，你被解雇了。
2) He found his first job. In other words, he needn’t depend on his father any more. 他找到了他的第一份工作，换句话说，他再也不用依靠他父亲了。
2. cut out 切掉，删掉
[短语归纳]
cut down砍倒；削减,压缩
cut up切[破]碎
cut off切断，停掉；隔绝，挡住
[典例]
1) I cut this article out of the newspaper. 我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
2) Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass. 由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。
3) The flood cut off their supplies. 洪水切断了他们的供养。
3. out of breath 上气不接下气
[短语归纳]
hold one’s breath屏息
catch one’s breath 松一口气
take a deep breath 深深地吸了一口气
out of control 失控
out of sight 看不见
out of order 坏了
out of reach 够不着
[典例]
1) He became out of breath after running back to the classroom. 跑回教室后他变得上气不接下气。
2) He ran as fast as he could and finally caught up with his teacher but got out of breath. 他飞快地跑着，最终追上了他的老师可是已经上气不接下气。
4. make fun of 取笑
[短语归纳]
have fun with sb. （和某人在一起）娱乐，开心
for fun 为了快乐，闹着玩地
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
[典例]
1) We should not make fun of the classmates when they can not answer the questions correctly.
当同学不能正确回答问题时，我们不应该嘲笑他们。
2) Nobody likes being made fun of. 没有人喜欢被嘲笑。
3) Children draw pictures for fun. 孩子们在画着玩呢。
5. all the best一切顺利
[短语归纳]
at (the) best 至多，充其量也不过……
do one’s best 竭尽全力
make the best of 最有效地利用
best of all 尤其，特别
[典例]
1) My father loves golf best of all. He goes for it every weekend.
我父亲特别喜欢打高尔夫球,每个周末他都会去打一次。
2) I wish you all the best during the journey. 我祝愿你旅途一切顺利
6. as well as 也，又；和……一样好（可连接并列的名词，代词，形容词，动词，介词短语等；注意: 连接两谓语时,两动词的时态要保持一致）
[短语归纳]
as good as 和......一样好
as well 也，又（常做状语）， 相当于too；also
[典例]
1) She can sing as well as her sister. 她唱得和她姐姐一样好。
2) He directed as well as act in the film. 他导演了这部影片并且在里边扮演了角色。
3) I am going to study abroad and my brother is going as well. 我要到国外留学，我弟弟也要去。
4) His story is as good as a play. 他的故事很有趣。
三. 重点句子
1. She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps(800 metres) this year. 她很骄傲她参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录。
[解释]to have taken part in… 为不定式的完成时，表示的动作在谓语动作前发生，意为“已经做了”。
[典例]
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 对不起，让你等了那么久。
AIDS is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. 据说，在过去的几年里，爱滋病已经成为那个地区男性以及女性的最大的健康隐患。
2. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. 有些同学看不到我的内心世界,但我并不生气，只是不理会他们罢了。
[解释] see the real person inside one’s body“了解某人内心深处”是一种比较形象的说法。
[典例]
In the film the Black Book, the captain cannot find a friend who is able to see the real person inside his body. 在电影《黑皮书》中，那个上尉无法找到一个可以理解他的朋友。
3. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
生活太忙了，我可没时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
[解释] “sit around” 无所事事；feeling sorry for myself现在分词短语做伴随状语。
[典例]
She is not the type to sit around doing nothing. 她不是那种闲坐着无所事事的人。
A beggar sits around staring at the last leaf on the tree. 有个乞丐闲坐着，眼睛盯着树上的最后的一片叶子。
Don’t sit around, it’s time to set down to your work. 别闲坐了，到时间干活了。
4. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. 接受他们的现状，并给他们予鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。
[解释]…to live as rich and full a life as you do. 具有以下结构
“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as” 表示像……一样的……
[典例]
Mary is as friendly a girl as Julie. Mary和Julie一样友好
I have never met with as clever a boy as he is before, who has really impressed me a great deal.
我从来没见过像他一样聪明的男孩,他的确给我留下了非常深刻的印象.
例1. He doesn’t like work. ______, he is lazy.
A. never mind B. all in all C. in other words D. in many ways
例2. The new policy will ______ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.
A. discount B. support C. approve D. benefit
例3. For professional athletes, ______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.
A. appeal B. attachment C. access D. approach
例4. She fulfilled her ______ to become the first woman to run the 10 000 metres in 30 minutes.
A. intention B. attempt C. attention D. ambition
例5. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to ______ the change.
A. adapt to B. adopt to C. apply to D. devote to
基础演练
一. 单项选择
1. — Are you glad to hear from her?
— Of course. ___________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What's more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not
2. He hurried to the station only _______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
3. Halfway up the mountain we stopped to ______________.
A. keep our breath B. hold our breath C. be out of breath D. take breath
4. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to ________ the change.
A. adapt to B. adopt to C. apply to D. devote to
5. Tom was very angry about ________ to Mary's birthday party.
A. not inviting B. being not invited
C. not being invited D. not to be invited
巩固提高
二. 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法:
Marty is a 1 ( able) boy 2 suffers from a muscle disease. He doesn’t look any difference from other people but in fact he is too weak to go to school sometimes. He feels 3 (annoy) after his 4 (缺席) from school. But he is outgoing and he thinks having a 5 (disable) doesn’t mean his life is not 6 (满意的).He learns to adapt 7 his present life. His disease helps him grow stronger 8 (psychology) and become more 9 (独立的). He hopes healthy people can give the disabled more 10 (encourage) in life.
一. 完成句子
1. He sent them an email, ___________. (congratulate) 他给他们发送了电子邮件，祝贺他们取得成功。
2. Do you mind at home while you are at work. (leave) 他是否外出工作时，汤姆一个人留在家里。
3. In our country, every boy and every girl education. (access)在我国男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
4. The granny is so old as to be going only a short distance.这老奶奶太老了以致于才走了短短的路就上气不接下气了。
5. We in her new job.我们祝愿她的工作顺利。
二. 根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1)The ______ girl swims well in spite of her _______. (disable)
2) Robert is a very _______ man and one of his ______ is to travel in Antarctica. (ambition)
3) If you want to be a _______, you should work hard at ______ and care for ______ situations. (politics)
4) It is known to all that fresh air is _______ to our health and the new park ______ us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit)
5) This concert was _______ by a famous _______ from Vienna. (conduct)
6) Praise acts as an ______ to the players, and therefore they will feel ______ and get the _______to continue and improve their performance. (encourage)
7) My brother ______ from a well-known American university. My parents attended his _______ ceremony yesterday. (graduate)
8) When someone ______ others on their success, he or she usually says “_______”. (congratulate)
9)Jobs exist, but they are not (suit) for people like you who have no ambition for future.
10）The classroom was so (noise) that I couldn’t concentrate on my study.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单项选择
1.（2015北京高考） ____the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch
2. I couldn't do my homework with all the noise _______ .
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
3.（2015丰台一模）The book I wrote last year _______ and it will soon come out.
A. printed B. will print C. was printed D. is being printed
4. —Are all the titles of the articles _______ in the contents?
—Yes, all _______.
A. listed, included B. listing, includes
C. listed, including D. being listed, being included
5. She ______ the table and said the dinner was ready.
A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lain
6.（2014北京高考）There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
A.solving B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved
7. The English play _________ my students acted at the new year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
8. (2015北京高考)I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
9. (2015北京高考)If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A .didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
10. Shut the window, _________ it’ll get too cold in here.
A. so B. yet C. but D. otherwise
二. 完形填空
When I came to my new school three years ago, I was surprised at how lonely I felt. Then one of my classmates invited me to her house for a dinner 36 . I was a little anxious, but finally I gladly 37 .
Not really knowing how 38 the bus ride should be, I 39 when I saw the landmarks 40 on my friend’s hand-drawn map. But when I got close enough to the 41 , I found none of the streets were shown on the map. I was 42 on a busy road with cars driving past without a person in sight. I had no 43 when the next bus would come, 44 when a bus did come by, I 45 got on. I told the bus driver where I wanted to go and he said that I had caught the 46 bus, but he let me stay on. After he had finished his scheduled bus route, he 47 to help me out. I gratefully showed him my little hand-drawn map but 48 did not help much.
He finally 49 me off at a main road to catch a different bus and was 50 that he could not help me more. After a few minutes of walking, I noticed a bus pull up beside me. It was the 51 bus driver. He explained that he didn’t want to leave me there 52 . He sent out a call and someone radioed back, saying that the bus I needed to catch was about ten minutes away. At last I made it to the dinner party 53 I was over an hour late.
I am forever thankful for the 54 that this bus driver had for me. His act of kindness left a 55 on my heart.
1. A. Meal B. Party C. Meeting D. time
2. A. Accepted B. Refused C. Got D. received
3. A. Far B. Difficult C. Long D. bad
4. A. drove on B. walked away C. hurried by D. got off
5. A. Show B. Showing C. Shown D. to show
6. A. street signs B. tall buildings C. traffic lights D. back yards
7. A. Queuing B. Sitting C. Standing D. waiting
8. A. Meaning B. Idea C. Problem D. way
9. A. So B. Yet C. But D. still
10. A. Suddenly B. Luckily C. Finally D. quickly
11. A. Right B. Wrong C. Best D. fastest
12. A. Supplied B. Refused C. Offered D. wanted
13. A. It B. He C. She D. they
14. A. Kept B. Dropped C. Drove D. turned
15. A. Eager B. Worried C. Sorry D. disappointed
16. A. Same B. Next C. Kind D. silly
17. A. Helpless B. Lonely C. Unaccompanied D. alone
18. A. After B. Although C. Until D. when
19. A. Respect B. Concern C. Help D. love
20. A. Mark B. Sign C. Symbol D. line
阅读理解
词数:335
完成时间:7分钟
难度:****
A bad Working Memory ( 大脑的工作记忆) – the brain’s temporary storage box -- may explain, new research suggests, why one child cannot read his or her history book and another gets lost in math. As many as 10 percent of school-age children may suffer from poor working memory. British researchers said in a report last week, yet the problem is rarely identified.
“You can think of working memory as a pure measure of your child’s potential. Many psychologists consider working memory to be the new IQ (智商), because we find that working memory is one of the most important predictors (预示物) of learning ability,” said Dr. Tracey Alloway of Britain’s Durham University.
Many children with poor working memory are considered lazy or dull. Working memory allows people to hold in their minds and deal with a few items, such as telephone numbers, over a short period of time. Alloway compares working memory to a box. For adults, the basic box size is thought to be three to five items. It’s important, therefore, to put in the right things. Irrelevant (不相关的) information will clutter working memory.
The question many researchers are struggling with is how to help children with this problem, which appears to be closely, related to a lack of attention.
“In children with learning difficulties, it becomes a huge issue, especially around middle school, when the demands on working memory really grow,” said Dr. Mel Levine, co-founder of All Kinds of Minds, a nonprofit organization in North Carolina that studies learning difficulties.
Memory training may help improve working memory. Alloway has a tool that allows teachers to assess (评定)the working-memory capacity of children as young as 4; it has been used in 35 schools across Britain.
Levine’s organization trains teachers through a program called Schools Attuned, which is working with several thousand schools across the United States, Canada and Europe. While he is not sure working memory can be expanded, Levine said children can be taught ways to do better in school.
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of working memory?
A. It has a limited capacity.
B. It is usually better in children than adults.
C. It improves with use.
D. It can cause a lack of attention.
2. According to the new research, ___________.
A. the importance of working memory has been long recognized
B. working memory is becoming recognized as a factor in intelligence
C. laziness can weaken working memory
D. working memory helps people remember things forever
3. What does the underlined word “clutter” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. change B. improve C. strengthen D. confuse.
4. Which of the following may help improve a child’s working memory?
A. Expanding the brain’s storage box.
B. Training the memory.
C. Remembering more things.
D. Being reminded frequently.
5. According to the passage, Dr. Mel Levine has ___________.
A. invented tools to help improve a child’s working memory
B. founded an organization to train teachers to help students with this problem
C. identified the problem clearly
D. compared working memory to a box
第1讲 Living well 词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；
能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。
一. 重点词汇
1. ambition (n.) 雄心
[重点用法]
ambitious adj. 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的;有野心的
be ambitious for [power, social position, etc.] 极欲获得[权力, 社会地位等]
be ambitious of success渴望成功
be ambitious to serve the people一心想为人民服务
[典例]
1) Her ambition is the presidency. 她的抱负是成为一名总统
2) After several hours’ work, she had no ambition to go dancing. 没有精力去跳舞了
3) The prince was attracted by the girl’s beauty, and ambitious to marry her.
王子为女孩的美貌打动了，渴望能娶到她。
2. beneficial (adj.) 有益的
[重点用法]
benefit v. &n.有助于；受益；利益，好处
be beneficial to sth./sb. 对……有益
be of benefit to 对……有益
for the benefit of 为了……(的利益)
benefit from 从……中受益
[典例]
1) A temperate climate is beneficial to the health. 温和气候有利于健康.
2) Sunshine is beneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。
3) I hope what I have written will be of benefit to someone else who may feel the same way.
我希望我写的这些将对有同感的人有帮助.
4) Both sides have benefited from the talks.双方都从和谈中受益。
3. adapt (v.) 使适应;改编
[重点用法]
adapt (oneself) to sth. 适应某物
adapt…to… 使……适应……
adapt sth. for sth. from sth. 根据某事将……改编成……
be adapted from… 由……改编
[典例]
1) You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。
2) The makers adapted the cartoons film for children from the Russian original.
影片制作人为了孩子们将这本俄文原著改编成了卡通电影。
4. conduct (n.) 行为 (v.) 指挥
[重点用法]
conductor n. 领导者, 经理,
a bad conduct 恶劣行为
under the conduct of 在......指导［管理］下
[典例]
1) The chairperson conducted the hearing. 主席先生主持了这个听证会。
2) His conduct of the business was very successful. 他的事业进展得相当顺利。
3) The curator conducted the visitors round the museum. 馆长领着游客们在博物馆中参观。
5. resign (v.) 辞职；委托，把......交托给(to, into)
[重点用法]
resign one’s position (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务
resign office 辞职
resign oneself to 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)
resign oneself to one’s fate 听天由命
resign... to... 把......托付给
[典例]
1) In order to look after her sick mother, Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company. 为了照顾生病的母亲，Mary决定辞去公司经理的职务。
2) I resign my children to your care. 我把孩子们委托你来照顾。
6. companion (n.) 同伴
[重点用法]
make companions of 与......作伴， 与......为友
companions in arms 战友
a faithful companion 忠实伴侣
[典例]
1) His companion is Jim, a black slave who has also run away.
他的搭档Jim是一个黑奴，也是逃出来的。
2) His brother is not much of a companion for him. 他兄弟与他情趣不甚相投。
7. access n.（接近的）方法；通路；可接近性
[重点用法]
accessible adj. 易接近的, 可到达的,
accessible to(prep.)
[典例]
1) Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village. 落石阻断了通往村庄的唯一通道。
2) Every student has free access to the library. 每位学生都可自由利用图书馆。
3) A place accessible to the public. 公众可以进入的地方
8. suitable adj. 适合的，适当的
[典例]
1) Experts in education call for more books suitable for children 教育方面的专家呼吁多些适合儿童阅读的书籍。
2) This wine is not suitable to my taste. 这酒不合我的胃口。
[重点用法]
suit v. 合适，适合，相配
unsuitable adj. 不适合的，不相称的
be suitable for (doing) sth./sb. 很适合(做)……
9. annoy vt. 使生气，使烦恼；招惹；妨碍
[典例]
1) Stop annoying your mother. She is busy. 别烦你妈妈,她现在很忙。
2) It annoyed him when someone made fun of his ugly handwriting. 当有人取笑他的字迹难看时,他就十分恼火。
[重点用法]
be annoyed at/by sth. 因为某事而感到困扰
get /be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气
annoying 令人恼火的
annoyed 恼怒的;烦恼的
10. adequate adj. 适当的，足够的；差强人意的
[典例]
1) The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。
2) I am sure to prove adequate to the job. 我一定会证明自己能胜位这项工作。
3) The skater’s technique was only adequate. 滑冰者的技术只能说是差强人意
二. 重点短语
1. in other words 换句话说
[短语归纳]
in a word=in one word 总而言之
in words 用语言
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with 与某人争吵
[典例]
1) You can stay at home and needn’t come here any longer. In other words, you are fired. 你可以在家呆着以后都不用来了。也就是说，你被解雇了。
2) He found his first job. In other words, he needn’t depend on his father any more. 他找到了他的第一份工作，换句话说，他再也不用依靠他父亲了。
2. cut out 切掉，删掉
[短语归纳]
cut down砍倒；削减,压缩
cut up切[破]碎
cut off切断，停掉；隔绝，挡住
[典例]
1) I cut this article out of the newspaper. 我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
2) Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass. 由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。
3) The flood cut off their supplies. 洪水切断了他们的供养。
3. out of breath 上气不接下气
[短语归纳]
hold one’s breath屏息
catch one’s breath 松一口气
take a deep breath 深深地吸了一口气
out of control 失控
out of sight 看不见
out of order 坏了
out of reach 够不着
[典例]
1) He became out of breath after running back to the classroom. 跑回教室后他变得上气不接下气。
2) He ran as fast as he could and finally caught up with his teacher but got out of breath. 他飞快地跑着，最终追上了他的老师可是已经上气不接下气。
4. make fun of 取笑
[短语归纳]
have fun with sb. （和某人在一起）娱乐，开心
for fun 为了快乐，闹着玩地
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人
[典例]
1) We should not make fun of the classmates when they can not answer the questions correctly.
当同学不能正确回答问题时，我们不应该嘲笑他们。
2) Nobody likes being made fun of. 没有人喜欢被嘲笑。
3) Children draw pictures for fun. 孩子们在画着玩呢。
5. all the best一切顺利
[短语归纳]
at (the) best 至多，充其量也不过……
do one’s best 竭尽全力
make the best of 最有效地利用
best of all 尤其，特别
[典例]
1) My father loves golf best of all. He goes for it every weekend.
我父亲特别喜欢打高尔夫球,每个周末他都会去打一次。
2) I wish you all the best during the journey. 我祝愿你旅途一切顺利
6. as well as 也，又；和……一样好（可连接并列的名词，代词，形容词，动词，介词短语等；注意: 连接两谓语时,两动词的时态要保持一致）
[短语归纳]
as good as 和......一样好
as well 也，又（常做状语）， 相当于too；also
[典例]
1) She can sing as well as her sister. 她唱得和她姐姐一样好。
2) He directed as well as act in the film. 他导演了这部影片并且在里边扮演了角色。
3) I am going to study abroad and my brother is going as well. 我要到国外留学，我弟弟也要去。
4) His story is as good as a play. 他的故事很有趣。
三. 重点句子
1. She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps(800 metres) this year. 她很骄傲她参加了比赛而且在今年的800米长跑中打破了记录。
[解释]to have taken part in… 为不定式的完成时，表示的动作在谓语动作前发生，意为“已经做了”。
[典例]
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 对不起，让你等了那么久。
AIDS is said to have been the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. 据说，在过去的几年里，爱滋病已经成为那个地区男性以及女性的最大的健康隐患。
2. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. 有些同学看不到我的内心世界,但我并不生气，只是不理会他们罢了。
[解释] see the real person inside one’s body“了解某人内心深处”是一种比较形象的说法。
[典例]
In the film the Black Book, the captain cannot find a friend who is able to see the real person inside his body. 在电影《黑皮书》中，那个上尉无法找到一个可以理解他的朋友。
3. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.
生活太忙了，我可没时间闲坐着顾影自怜。
[解释] “sit around” 无所事事；feeling sorry for myself现在分词短语做伴随状语。
[典例]
She is not the type to sit around doing nothing. 她不是那种闲坐着无所事事的人。
A beggar sits around staring at the last leaf on the tree. 有个乞丐闲坐着，眼睛盯着树上的最后的一片叶子。
Don’t sit around, it’s time to set down to your work. 别闲坐了，到时间干活了。
4. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. 接受他们的现状，并给他们予鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。
[解释]…to live as rich and full a life as you do. 具有以下结构
“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as” 表示像……一样的……
[典例]
Mary is as friendly a girl as Julie. Mary和Julie一样友好
I have never met with as clever a boy as he is before, who has really impressed me a great deal.
我从来没见过像他一样聪明的男孩,他的确给我留下了非常深刻的印象.
例1. He doesn’t like work. ______, he is lazy.
A. never mind B. all in all C. in other words D. in many ways
解析: 句意: 他不爱劳动。换句话说，他很懒。A.不必担心；B.总而言之；C.换句话说；D.在很多方面。
答案: C
例2. The new policy will ______ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.
A. discount B. support C. approve D. benefit
解析: 句意为:这项新政策将使老年人受益很多，超过65岁的老年人可以免费乘坐公交车。discount打折；support支持；approve赞成；benefit使……受益。
答案: D
例3. For professional athletes, ______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.
A. appeal B. attachment C. access D. approach
解析: 考查名词辨析。access进入。句意为:对于专业运动员来说，参加奥运会就意味着他们有机会被载入史册。appeal请求；attachment附加；approach接近，方法。
答案: C
例4. She fulfilled her ______ to become the first woman to run the 10 000 metres in 30 minutes.
A. intention B. attempt C. attention D. ambition
解析: 考查名词辨析。ambition 雄心，抱负；intention 目的，意图；attempt 企图；attention 注意。
答案: D
例5. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to ______ the change.
A. adapt to B. adopt to C. apply to D. devote to
解析: adapt to适应于；adopt 收养，采纳；apply to 与……有关系，使用；devote to 奉献。
答案: A
基础演练
一. 单项选择
1. — Are you glad to hear from her?
— Of course. ___________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What's more B. That is to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not
2. He hurried to the station only _______ that the train had left.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
3. Halfway up the mountain we stopped to ______________.
A. keep our breath B. hold our breath C. be out of breath D. take breath
4. The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to ________ the change.
A. adapt to B. adopt to C. apply to D. devote to
5. Tom was very angry about ________ to Mary's birthday party.
A. not inviting B. being not invited
C. not being invited D. not to be invited
Keys: DADAC
巩固提高
二. 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法:
Marty is a 1 ( able) boy 2 suffers from a muscle disease. He doesn’t look any difference from other people but in fact he is too weak to go to school sometimes. He feels 3 (annoy) after his 4 (缺席) from school. But he is outgoing and he thinks having a 5 (disable) doesn’t mean his life is not 6 (满意的).He learns to adapt 7 his present life. His disease helps him grow stronger 8 (psychology) and become more 9 (独立的). He hopes healthy people can give the disabled more 10 (encourage) in life.
Key: 1. disabled 2. who 3. annoyed 4. absence 5. disability 6. satisfying 7.to
psychologically 9. independent 10. Encouragement
一. 完成句子
1. He sent them an email, ___________. (congratulate) 他给他们发送了电子邮件，祝贺他们取得成功。
2. Do you mind at home while you are at work. (leave) 他是否外出工作时，汤姆一个人留在家里。
3. In our country, every boy and every girl education. (access)在我国男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
4. The granny is so old as to be going only a short distance.这老奶奶太老了以致于才走了短短的路就上气不接下气了。
5. We in her new job.我们祝愿她的工作顺利。
Key: 1. congratulating them on their success 2. Tom’s being left alone 3. has the access to
4. out of breath 5. wish her all the best
二. 根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1)The ______ girl swims well in spite of her _______. (disable)
2) Robert is a very _______ man and one of his ______ is to travel in Antarctica. (ambition)
3) If you want to be a _______, you should work hard at ______ and care for ______ situations. (politics)
4) It is known to all that fresh air is _______ to our health and the new park ______ us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit)
5) This concert was _______ by a famous _______ from Vienna. (conduct)
6) Praise acts as an ______ to the players, and therefore they will feel ______ and get the _______to continue and improve their performance. (encourage)
7) My brother ______ from a well-known American university. My parents attended his _______ ceremony yesterday. (graduate)
8) When someone ______ others on their success, he or she usually says “_______”. (congratulate)
9)Jobs exist, but they are not (suit) for people like you who have no ambition for future.
10）The classroom was so (noise) that I couldn’t concentrate on my study.
Keys: 1) disabled; disabilities 2) ambitious; ambitions 3) politician; politics; political 4) beneficial; benefits 5) conducted; conductor 6) encouragement; encouraged; courage 7) graduated; graduation 8) congratulates; congratulations 9) suitable 10) noisy
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单项选择
1.（2015北京高考） ____the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch
2. I couldn't do my homework with all the noise _______ .
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
3.（2015丰台一模）The book I wrote last year _______ and it will soon come out.
A. printed B. will print C. was printed D. is being printed
4. —Are all the titles of the articles _______ in the contents?
—Yes, all _______.
A. listed, included B. listing, includes
C. listed, including D. being listed, being included
5. She ______ the table and said the dinner was ready.
A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lain
6.（2014北京高考）There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
A.solving B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved
7. The English play _________ my students acted at the new year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
8. (2015北京高考)I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
9. (2015北京高考)If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A .didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
10. Shut the window, _________ it’ll get too cold in here.
A. so B. yet C. but D. otherwise
Key: 1-5 CADAB 6-10 DCADD
二. 完形填空
When I came to my new school three years ago, I was surprised at how lonely I felt. Then one of my classmates invited me to her house for a dinner 36 . I was a little anxious, but finally I gladly 37 .
Not really knowing how 38 the bus ride should be, I 39 when I saw the landmarks 40 on my friend’s hand-drawn map. But when I got close enough to the 41 , I found none of the streets were shown on the map. I was 42 on a busy road with cars driving past without a person in sight. I had no 43 when the next bus would come, 44 when a bus did come by, I 45 got on. I told the bus driver where I wanted to go and he said that I had caught the 46 bus, but he let me stay on. After he had finished his scheduled bus route, he 47 to help me out. I gratefully showed him my little hand-drawn map but 48 did not help much.
He finally 49 me off at a main road to catch a different bus and was 50 that he could not help me more. After a few minutes of walking, I noticed a bus pull up beside me. It was the 51 bus driver. He explained that he didn’t want to leave me there 52 . He sent out a call and someone radioed back, saying that the bus I needed to catch was about ten minutes away. At last I made it to the dinner party 53 I was over an hour late.
I am forever thankful for the 54 that this bus driver had for me. His act of kindness left a 55 on my heart.
1. A. Meal B. Party C. Meeting D. time
2. A. Accepted B. Refused C. Got D. received
3. A. Far B. Difficult C. Long D. bad
4. A. drove on B. walked away C. hurried by D. got off
5. A. Show B. Showing C. Shown D. to show
6. A. street signs B. tall buildings C. traffic lights D. back yards
7. A. Queuing B. Sitting C. Standing D. waiting
8. A. Meaning B. Idea C. Problem D. way
9. A. So B. Yet C. But D. still
10. A. Suddenly B. Luckily C. Finally D. quickly
11. A. Right B. Wrong C. Best D. fastest
12. A. Supplied B. Refused C. Offered D. wanted
13. A. It B. He C. She D. they
14. A. Kept B. Dropped C. Drove D. turned
15. A. Eager B. Worried C. Sorry D. disappointed
16. A. Same B. Next C. Kind D. silly
17. A. Helpless B. Lonely C. Unaccompanied D. alone
18. A. After B. Although C. Until D. when
19. A. Respect B. Concern C. Help D. love
20. A. Mark B. Sign C. Symbol D. line
Key: 1-5 BACDC 6-10ACBAD 11-15 BCABC 16-20 ADBBA
阅读理解
词数:335
完成时间:7分钟
难度:****
A bad Working Memory ( 大脑的工作记忆) – the brain’s temporary storage box -- may explain, new research suggests, why one child cannot read his or her history book and another gets lost in math. As many as 10 percent of school-age children may suffer from poor working memory. British researchers said in a report last week, yet the problem is rarely identified.
“You can think of working memory as a pure measure of your child’s potential. Many psychologists consider working memory to be the new IQ (智商), because we find that working memory is one of the most important predictors (预示物) of learning ability,” said Dr. Tracey Alloway of Britain’s Durham University.
Many children with poor working memory are considered lazy or dull. Working memory allows people to hold in their minds and deal with a few items, such as telephone numbers, over a short period of time. Alloway compares working memory to a box. For adults, the basic box size is thought to be three to five items. It’s important, therefore, to put in the right things. Irrelevant (不相关的) information will clutter working memory.
The question many researchers are struggling with is how to help children with this problem, which appears to be closely, related to a lack of attention.
“In children with learning difficulties, it becomes a huge issue, especially around middle school, when the demands on working memory really grow,” said Dr. Mel Levine, co-founder of All Kinds of Minds, a nonprofit organization in North Carolina that studies learning difficulties.
Memory training may help improve working memory. Alloway has a tool that allows teachers to assess (评定)the working-memory capacity of children as young as 4; it has been used in 35 schools across Britain.
Levine’s organization trains teachers through a program called Schools Attuned, which is working with several thousand schools across the United States, Canada and Europe. While he is not sure working memory can be expanded, Levine said children can be taught ways to do better in school.
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of working memory?
A. It has a limited capacity.
B. It is usually better in children than adults.
C. It improves with use.
D. It can cause a lack of attention.
2. According to the new research, ___________.
A. the importance of working memory has been long recognized
B. working memory is becoming recognized as a factor in intelligence
C. laziness can weaken working memory
D. working memory helps people remember things forever
3. What does the underlined word “clutter” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. change B. improve C. strengthen D. confuse.
4. Which of the following may help improve a child’s working memory?
A. Expanding the brain’s storage box.
B. Training the memory.
C. Remembering more things.
D. Being reminded frequently.
5. According to the passage, Dr. Mel Levine has ___________.
A. invented tools to help improve a child’s working memory
B. founded an organization to train teachers to help students with this problem
C. identified the problem clearly
D. compared working memory to a box
Key: ABDBB
第2讲 Living well 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
熟练掌握动词不定式的形势与用法；
能够熟练运用动词不定式各种形式。
一. 动词不定式的形式
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
to do
to have done
to be doing
被动
to be done
to have been done
e.g. He appears to be very happy.
T o catch the train, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.
It happened to be raining when we got there.
I’m sorry to have lost your key.
He is said to have studied abroad.
These books are to be given out to the students.
This novel has been translated into many languages.
二. 动词不定式的用法
作主语
e.g. To know oneself is difficult.
在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：
e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts.
作表语
e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.
作宾语
e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence.
He had no choice but to sit there as usual.
John was happy to be given the job.
She is hard to get along with.
在feel, find, think, consider,make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语
e.g. I found it impossible to work out the problem without a computer.
可接不定时作宾语的动词有：
aim appear agree arrange ask ?decide bother care choose come? dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor?hope?fail happen help hesitate learn mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait? wish refuse attempt continue
作宾语补足语
e.g. I heard them sing yesterday.
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
作定语
e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York.
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.
作状语
e.g. I’m saving up to buy a computer.
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
1) so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？
2) such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
3) enough… to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
5) too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。
注意: too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。 He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
三. 不定式的几种常见结构
不定式的复合结构
e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.
疑问词+不定式结构
e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the meeting or not.
with/without+名词+不定式结构
e.g. With so much work to do, I’m not able to go to the cinema.
用作独立成分的不定式
e.g. To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said.
可做插入语的还有：
to tell you the truth 说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先 to be brief 简言之
to make a long story short 长话短说 to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说 to conclude 总而言之
to be sure 诚然，固然 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说
用主动形式表示被动含义
e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?
The book is difficult to understand.
There is nothing to worry about.
高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳：
be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 沉溺于
be related to 与…有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾
be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于
get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
put one’s mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意
stick to 坚持 make contributions to对…作贡献
（2014湖南卷）ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought
and inner quietness.
A.?Having freed B. Freed C. To free? D. Freeing
（2014江西）He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A. to act B.? to have acted C.??acting????? D. having acted
3.（2014陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
A. Working out???? B. Worked out C. To work out??? D. Work out
4.（2014四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course.
— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.
A. To find out??????? B. Finding out??????? C. To be finding out?????? D. Having found out
5.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A. to find?? B. found C. finding? D. having found
基础演练
1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.?
A. Employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs?
2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A.?buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
3. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.?
A. to be told B.telling C. being told D. told?
4. Group activities will be organized after class _____?children develop team spirit.
A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help
5. The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at
巩固提高
1. I stopped the car ________ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A.take B. taking C.to take D. taken
2. ________warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
3. Volunteering gives you a chance________lives, including your own.
A. Change B. Changing C. Changed D. to change
4. The airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
5. The engine just won't start. Something seems________wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
6. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
7. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
8. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
9. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
10. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. Finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
1.It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
2. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
3. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched
4. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
5. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
6. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
7. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. Locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
8. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
9. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.
A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
11. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.
break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
12. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
13. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.
keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
14. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.
to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
15. The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单项选择
1. ________ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains gave him a sense of peace.
A. While walking B. Walking C. He was walking D. When he was walking
2. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared
3. —Can I have the document right now?
—Of course. Wait a minute and I'll have my secretary ________ it for you.
A. to print B. printing C. printed D. print
4. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.
A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing
5. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. Painted B. to be painted C. being painted D. to paint
6. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced
7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.
A. to take back B. to be taken back C. taking back D. take back
8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. Joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join
9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.
A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazed
C. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed
10. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found
二. 阅读理解
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. Sometimes a single unimportant event may cause a number of things to happen. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this causes your troubles to begin. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, destroying your half-prepared meal. You hang up hurriedly and attend to your baby. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this is not enough to bring you to tears, your husband arrives home, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can also go wrong on the road. During rush hour one evening two cars collided and the drivers began to argue. The woman driver behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She got into a panic and stopped her car. This forced the driver following her to stop suddenly. This driver’s wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake, and as she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the window and landed on the road. A truck driver seeing a cake flying through the air slammed on the brakes. The truck was carrying empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the truck onto the road, causing a terrible traffic jam. It took the police an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the truck driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two dogs were enjoying themselves, for they were happily having what was left of the cake.
1. If you want to answer the phone without any trouble, you'd better ___________ .
A. pull out the telephone line when you are with your baby
B. put your baby on the bed and keep an eye on him / her
C. not hurry to answer the phone
D. make sure your baby is not near the table
2. Who is responsible for the accidents that happened on the road?
A. The two drivers who were arguing. B. It wasn't mentioned in the passage.
C. The woman driver. D. The truck driver.
3. From this story we learn that ________.
A. there are many road accidents every day
B. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very strange
C. no one knows why this kind of accident happens
D. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very common
4. The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to ___________.
A. remind us not to answer the phone when we are busy
B. tell us driving is dangerous every day
C. remind us not to be nervous when we meet an accident
D. remind us not to carry a cake when we are sitting in a car
5. The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A. troubles always come in groups
B. accidents may happen anywhere at anytime
C. a telephone call may cause great trouble
D. anyone may have trouble on their way home
三. 基础写作
假设你叫马莉，一个叫丽丽的朋友写信要你介绍一些急救知识，请你立即回复，内容包括:
(1) 如果有人窒息，你得立即给他做人工呼吸，使他恢复呼吸。
(2) 若有人大出血，你必须马上给他止血。用手帕压在出血点上并按住不动。
(3) 如有人被动物咬伤，让他把伤口放在冷水管下冲洗，尽快去看医生。
(4) 对于简单的刀伤，只要将伤口冲洗一下，弄干净，然后盖上一块清洁的干布就行了。
[写作要求]
1. 请你就以上内容提示用5个句子写一封英文信。
2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计人句数。
Dear Lily,
Yours,
Mary
第2讲 Living well 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
熟练掌握动词不定式的形势与用法；
能够熟练运用动词不定式各种形式。
一. 动词不定式的形式
一般式
完成式
进行式
不定式
主动
to do
to have done
to be doing
被动
to be done
to have been done
e.g. He appears to be very happy.
T o catch the train, we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.
It happened to be raining when we got there.
I’m sorry to have lost your key.
He is said to have studied abroad.
These books are to be given out to the students.
This novel has been translated into many languages.
二. 动词不定式的用法
作主语
e.g. To know oneself is difficult.
在很多情况下，我们通常用it作形式主语：
e.g. It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking efforts.
作表语
e.g. His wish is to become an astronaut.
作宾语
e.g. Father likes to listen to music in silence.
He had no choice but to sit there as usual.
John was happy to be given the job.
She is hard to get along with.
在feel, find, think, consider, make等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，常用it 作形式宾语
e.g. I found it impossible to work out the problem without a computer.
可接不定时作宾语的动词有：
aim appear agree arrange ask ?decide bother care choose come? dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor?hope?fail happen help hesitate learn mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait? wish refuse attempt continue
作宾语补足语
e.g. I heard them sing yesterday.
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
注意：hope, demand, suggest后不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
作定语
e.g. The next train to arrive was from New York.
On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.
作状语
e.g. I’m saving up to buy a computer.
He got to the station only to find the train had gone.
不定式表示结果常见于下列句型。
1) so ... as to do Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle 把你的自行车借给我好吗？
2) such ... as to do We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们还没蠢到竟会相信他。
3) enough… to do He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。
4) only to do He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
5) too ... to do His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. 她的视力太差了，不能看这么小的字。
注意: too...to...结构中的形容词如果是eager, pleased, happy, ready等，动词不定式不表示结果，也没有否定的意思。 The boy was too eager to get a geography book. 那个男孩非常急切地想要得到一本地理书。 He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
三. 不定式的几种常见结构
不定式的复合结构
e.g. This box is too heavy for the little boy to carry.
疑问词+不定式结构
e.g. I don’t know whether to go to the meeting or not.
with/without+名词+不定式结构
e.g. With so much work to do, I’m not able to go to the cinema.
用作独立成分的不定式
e.g. To be frank, I don’t agree with what you said.
可做插入语的还有：
to tell you the truth 说老实话 to be frank 坦率地说to begin with 首先 to be brief 简言之
to make a long story short 长话短说 to be exact 精确地说to say nothing of 姑且不说 to conclude 总而言之
to be sure 诚然，固然 to do him justice 说句对他公道的话so to speak 可以这么说
用主动形式表示被动含义
e.g. Do you have anything to say on this question?
The book is difficult to understand.
There is nothing to worry about.
高中阶段常见带介词的to短语归纳：
be/get/become used to 习惯于 be given to 沉溺于
be related to 与…有关系 be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾
be opposed to 反对 devote oneself to献身于；专心于
get down to 着手做 lead to 导致 object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成
put one’s mind to全神贯注于 give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意
stick to 坚持 make contributions to对…作贡献
（2014湖南卷）ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought
and inner quietness.
A.?Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing
答案: C
解析: 不定式做目的状语是不定式的一个经典用法。而且本句的主语we和动词free之间构成主动关系，可以使用不定式或者现在分词。但是A项使用的是不定式的完成式，表示已经完成的动作，这不符合上下文语境。句义：为了让我们免受精神和身体压力的伤害，我们每个人都需要深入的思考和内心的安宁。
（2014江西）He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
A. to act B.? to have acted C.?? acting D. having acted
答案: B
解析: 本句考察的是固定句式：Sb be though to…某人被认为…；如果表示的是一个已经完成的动作，就使用不定式的完成式，如果是正在进行的动作，就使用不定式的进行式。句义：他被认为表现很糟糕，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。根据句义可知他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以使用不定式的完成式。故B正确。
3.（2014陕西卷）20. ________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
A. Working out???? B. Worked out???????? C. To work out??? D. Work out
答案: C
解析: 本题考察的是不定式做目的状语的用法，在非谓语动词中通常只有不定式才可以表示目的状语。句义：为了算出这个数学问题，我已经咨询了拉塞尔教授好几次了。ABD三项都不能表示目的状语。故C正确。
4.（2014四川卷）7. — I hope to take the computer course.
— Good idea. ____ more about it, visit this website.
A. To find out??????? B. Finding out??????? C. To be finding out?????? D. Having found out
答案: A?
解析: 考查非谓语动词中的不定式用法。动词不定式可以放在句首作目的状语，译为“为了…”。句意：——我想参加这个电脑课程。——好主意。要想得到更多有关的信息，请登陆这个网站。Visit this website是一个祈使句，表示建议。故A正确。
5.（2014天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit
A. to find?? B. found? C. finding? D. having found
答案: A
解析: 本题考察的是不定式做结果状语用法，在非谓语动词中，不定式常常和only连用，表示意料之外的结果。现在分词doing常常表示意料之中的结果。句义：很着急，她把裙子从包装里拿了出来，结果却发现裙子不合适。她很着急地试穿裙子，但是裙子不合适。说明这是意料之外的结果，所以使用A项。
基础演练
1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.?
A. Employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs?
2. With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A.?buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
3. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.?
A. to be told B.telling C. being told D. told?
4. Group activities will be organized after class _____?children develop team spirit.
A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help
5. The children all turned ______the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at
Key: CBADB
巩固提高
1. I stopped the car ________ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A.take B. taking C.to take D. taken
2. ________warm at night, I would fill the wood stove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay
3. Volunteering gives you a chance________lives, including your own.
A. Change B. Changing C. Changed D. to change
4. The airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
5. The engine just won't start. Something seems________wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
6. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
7. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
8. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
9. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
10. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. Finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
Key: 1-5 CCDBB 6-10 CCADB
1.It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
2. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
3. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched
4. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
5. George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told
6. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
7. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. Locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
8. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
9. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.
A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
11. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.
break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
12. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
13. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.
keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
14. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced people’s concern over food safety.
to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
15. The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed
Key: 1-5 ADAAA 6-10DBACD 11-15DCDAC
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单项选择
1. ________ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains gave him a sense of peace.
A. While walking B. Walking C. He was walking D. When he was walking
2. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared
3. —Can I have the document right now?
—Of course. Wait a minute and I'll have my secretary ________ it for you.
A. to print B. printing C. printed D. print
4. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.
A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing
5. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. Painted B. to be painted C. being painted D. to paint
6. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced
7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.
A. to take back B. to be taken back C. taking back D. take back
8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. Joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join
9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.
A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazed
C. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed
10. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found
Key: 1-5 DBBDB 6-10 BDBCC
二. 阅读理解
We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. Sometimes a single unimportant event may cause a number of things to happen. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this causes your troubles to begin. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, destroying your half-prepared meal. You hang up hurriedly and attend to your baby. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this is not enough to bring you to tears, your husband arrives home, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can also go wrong on the road. During rush hour one evening two cars collided and the drivers began to argue. The woman driver behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She got into a panic and stopped her car. This forced the driver following her to stop suddenly. This driver’s wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake, and as she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the window and landed on the road. A truck driver seeing a cake flying through the air slammed on the brakes. The truck was carrying empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the truck onto the road, causing a terrible traffic jam. It took the police an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the truck driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two dogs were enjoying themselves, for they were happily having what was left of the cake.
1. If you want to answer the phone without any trouble, you'd better ___________ .
A. pull out the telephone line when you are with your baby
B. put your baby on the bed and keep an eye on him / her
C. not hurry to answer the phone
D. make sure your baby is not near the table
2. Who is responsible for the accidents that happened on the road?
A. The two drivers who were arguing. B. It wasn't mentioned in the passage.
C. The woman driver. D. The truck driver.
3. From this story we learn that ________.
A. there are many road accidents every day
B. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very strange
C. no one knows why this kind of accident happens
D. the accidents mentioned in the passage are very common
4. The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to ___________.
A. remind us not to answer the phone when we are busy
B. tell us driving is dangerous every day
C. remind us not to be nervous when we meet an accident
D. remind us not to carry a cake when we are sitting in a car
5. The main idea of this passage is that ________.
A. troubles always come in groups
B. accidents may happen anywhere at anytime
C. a telephone call may cause great trouble
D. anyone may have trouble on their way home
Keys: CBDCA
三. 基础写作
假设你叫马莉，一个叫丽丽的朋友写信要你介绍一些急救知识，请你立即回复，内容包括:
(1) 如果有人窒息，你得立即给他做人工呼吸，使他恢复呼吸。
(2) 若有人大出血，你必须马上给他止血。用手帕压在出血点上并按住不动。
(3) 如有人被动物咬伤，让他把伤口放在冷水管下冲洗，尽快去看医生。
(4) 对于简单的刀伤，只要将伤口冲洗一下，弄干净，然后盖上一块清洁的干布就行了。
[写作要求]
1. 请你就以上内容提示用5个句子写一封英文信。
2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计人句数。
Dear Lily,
Yours,
Mary
