第5讲 Under the sea 词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；
能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。
一. 重点词汇
1.annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的 n. 年刊；年鉴
[重点用法]
annually adv. 年年地, 每年地
[典例]
1) an annual income. 年收入
2) an annual report年度报告
3) Premier Wen Jiabao noted that the two most important problems would be previous to anything else in the government annual report.温家宝总理在政府年度报告中指出要优先解决这两大问题。
witness n. 目击者；证人；证据vt. 当场见到；目击
[典例]
1) He is the witness to the accident. 事故的目击者
2) This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies. 这个古老的礼堂内举行过许多次典礼。
accommodation住所
[重点用法]
accommodate v.向...提供, 容纳, 调和; 适应
accommodation address临时通讯处
accommodation allowance膳宿津贴
[典例]
1) The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London.
由于住宿费用昂贵，伦敦的学生感到生活困难。
2) The university offers excellent accommodation for summer visitors.
这所大学为夏季来访者提供了很好的住宿。
abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃n. 放任，狂热
[重点用法]
abandon oneself to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于
abandon …to sb. 把……舍弃给…...
with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地
[典例]
1) They abandoned all hope of finding an effective way to solve the problem.
他们放弃了寻找有效方法解决问题的所有希望。
2) We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs. 我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。
3) Don't waste the food left, and abandon it to the dog. 不要浪费剩下的食物，把它舍弃给狗吃。
reflect vt. 映射；反射vi. & vt. 思考
[重点用法]
reflection n. 反射；反映；思考；沉思
reflective adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的
reflect on v. 思考，反省
[典例]
1) Her severe look reflected how she really felt. 她那冷峻的神情反映出她心中的真正感受。
2) Mirrors reflect light. 镜子能反射光线。
3) I reflected on possible reasons for my failure. 我仔细考虑导致我失败的种种原因。
aware adj. 意识到的；知道的
[重点用法]
unaware不察觉的, 不知道的
awareness n. 知道, 晓得
be／become aware of sth. 意识到某事
be aware that-clause知道……；意识到……
make sb. aware that-clause提醒某人注意……
make sb. aware of…让某人注意到……
[典例]
1) He wasn't aware of the danger. 他没有意识到危险。
2) Is she aware that I'm coming? 她知道我要来吗?
注意：aware后跟名词性从句时，一般在从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。
scare vt. 恐吓vi. 受惊吓
[重点用法]
scaring adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
scared adj. 受惊吓的；感到害怕的
be scared of…(=be afraid of) 遇到…(某种事物或行为)而害怕
be scared to do. (=be afraid to do)不敢做……
be scared to death吓死了
[典例]
1) You scared me by coming in so quietly. 你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。
2) Most girls are scared to light the firework.大多女孩不敢放烟花。
二.重点词组
1. sort out整理；挑出；解决(问题／困难)
[短语归纳]
sort through 查看并挑选出
put away 把……存放好
[典例]
1) I've sorted out the papers that can be thrown away. 我已经把那些可以扔掉的报纸整理出来了。
2) We've got a few lime problems to sort out. 我们有几个小问题要解决。
3) He was sorting through a pile of papers on his desk他在整理桌上的一堆文件。
help out 帮助……（摆脱困难或危难）；协助；使……脱离困境
[短语归纳]
help sb with sth帮助某人做某事
with the help of在...的帮助下, 借助
help oneself to请随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
can't help doing sth禁不住
can't help but do sth只得；不得不
[典例]
1) Can you help me out with the maths problem? 你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?
2) Please help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼。
3) She can't help laughing. 她忍不住大笑起来。
4) I can't help but wait. 我只得等。
throw oneself out of 跃出
[典例]
1) The man suddenly threw himself out of the water and said“I’m here”. 那个人突然跃出水面说“我在这儿”。
[短语归纳]
throw oneself at冲向
throw oneself into投身于；积极从事
throw away扔掉
throw up呕吐
throw sb into prison把某人投入监狱；
throw at对准向……扔去(希望击中)；
throw to向……(方向)扔去
upside down 上下翻转过来
[短语归纳]
inside out里面翻转过来的
[典例]
1) The naughty child is always turning everything in the room upside down.
这淘气的孩子老是把房问的东西搞得乱七八糟。
2) He wore the sweatshirt inside out. 他当时把运动衫反过来穿。
三. 重点句子
1. It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the
baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸（当时被称为“杀手”）帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
[解释]It was/is a time when 曾经一度（那时）
[典例]
1) It was a time when motorcars were rare. 那是汽车很罕见的时代。
2) It was a time when she could not bear the pain and wanted to kill herself.
她曾经无法忍受病痛，想结束自己的生命。
2. I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right
clothes on, raced after him.
我早就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没穿上捕鲸该穿的衣服，还是跟在他背后跑了起来。
[解释]even though=even if即使，即便（引导让步状语从句）
[典例]
1) We won’t give up even if we should ten times.即便我们失败十次，我们也不会失败。
2) Even though you may lose the chance of meeting your friend, you can not miss the meeting this
afternoon.
即使你可能会失去会见朋友的机会，（但是你）也不能错过下午的会议。
3. I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day-a day of pure
magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情---这可是奇妙至及的一天。
[解释]with+宾语+宾语补足语 在句中充当状语，表伴随，原因等
[典例]
1) The teacher came in with a thick book in her hand.老师走了进来，手里拿着一本厚厚的书。
2) With a local villager leading the way, we found his house easily.
有当地村民带路，我们很容易就找到了他家。
3) With a lot of problems to solve, the newly-elected president felt like a cat on hot bricks.
由于有很多问题急待解决，新当选的总统急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
1.(2015 安徽高考)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing (deep) and variety.
2. (2015山东临沂四中高二下)The likely reactions of the market need to be before we act.
A. considered on B. based on C. relied on D. reflected on
3.(2015湖北襄阳高二下)When he was a child, he often listened to the stories told by his grandfather, who lived through the Anti-Japanese War and had a memory of it.
A. absurd B. vivid C. parallel D. Elegant
4. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only beaten.
A. Nearly B. Slightly C. Narrowly D. Lightly
5. Nowadays, there is a increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A. Sharp B. Slight C. Natural D. Modest
基础演练
一. 根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) The lake is over 20 meters in _____ so we were all moved ______ by the man who dived _______ into the lake to save the little boy.(deep)
2) I ____ remember the girl dressed in ______ color he drew in the exhibition.(vivid)
3) Anyone who launches a war is ______ and is _______ by people who love peace all around the world. (aware)
4) The _______ of energy will help us research the way to save and _______ the energy. (conserve)
5) Though the soup is _______, I’ve lost my sense of ______ and it ____just like ______water.(taste)
巩固提高
二.课文词汇等填空
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
1 the morning of 19th January I went snorkeling. 2 (see) such extraordinary beauty, I thought every cell in my body woke up and 3 was like discovering a whole new dimension of life. During the trip, I first became aware of the vivid colors 4 (围绕) me and the fantastic corals, in and around 5 all kinds of elegant fish 6 (be) swimming among them. 7 there are still something 8 made me feel 9 (害怕). For example, I didn’t want to get close to the eel, the giant clam and the grey reef sharks, for they made me scared to death 10 a moment.
1. Please post this letter in the post office nearby, and __________, I will get two tickets in the train station.
A. in meantime B. on the meanwhile C. in meanwhile D. in the meantime
2. Don't turn the room __________, as I have just tidied it.
A. upside down B. Inside C. Outside D. inside down
3. Most parents are not __________ the danger of their babies' eating jelly, which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
A. well aware to B. very aware of C. aware that D. well aware of
4. I need time to _______ on what you offered.
A. Consider B. Reflect C. Imagine D. suggest
5. When the war broke out, people had to ______their unnecessaries and put away the valuable to flee away with the necessities.
A. Abandon B. Release C. Discourage D. resign
6. With their parents ______observing their actions，these naughty boys didn't dare to make trouble.
A. Sharply B. Especially C. Narrowly D. generally
7. I was so dull that several days went by before I was ______of what was happening.
A. Informed B. Aware C. Reminded D. independent
8. My father has often ______ me ______ when I've been a bit short of money.
A. sent; out B. driven; off C. helped; out D. pulled; in
9. Is there anyone in your class who ______ the car accident that happened in front of our school this morning?
A. Witnessed B. Observed C. Introduced D. predicted
10. Before I give you my final decision, I need time to ______your suggestion once again.
A. pick out B. try out C. test out D. reflect on
11. His fatal mistake has become the______, for which his team lost the chance to reach the last 16 in the World Cup.
A. Example B. Handle C. Face D. target
12. I'm not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a ______ imagination.
A. Clear B. Cautious C. Funny D. vivid
13. The public ______ of the environmental problem will make the government take it seriously.
A. Awareness B. Revolution C. Existence D. evidence
(2015福建高二下期中) People like taking photos because photos are the of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.
A. Witness B. Guidance C. Evidence D. approval
(2015 湖北高二下期中) They are preparing themselves for a new life in America, but they don’t want to their old life entirely.
A. Attempt B. Adopt C. Abandon D. abolish
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一.单词拼写
1. The small animals were s________ to run away when they saw a tiger walking towards them.
2. Anyone with an a_________ income of under 5 000 yuan may be eligible to apply.
3. He a___________ his wife and went away with all their money.
4. He doesn't seem to be a_______ of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.
5. We w____________ tremendous changes in the city.
二. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：310
完成时间：7分钟
难度：***
In 1983 a presidential committee warned that, "The educational foundations of our society are presently threatening our very future as a nation." More than two decades later, that report, A Nation at Risk, is still suitable for the current situation.
America's schools are failing us. They're not preparing enough young people to succeed in the 21st century. Standardized test scores show that student achievement is quite low. But those scores don't tell the whole story of this rising crisis. Consider these:
* Nearly 30 percent of students don't graduate from high school.
* 40 percent of college freshmen need remedial classes (辅导班) because they are unprepared.
* While U.S. grade-schoolers outrank ( 等级高于) many of their international peers, high-scholars don't do so well.
Sadly, more and more young adults aren't ready for college or work -- or for life. They're not getting the skills to compete in today's rapidly developing "knowledge economy'' even as other countries grow more competitive. By standing still, we're falling behind.
So, a good first step would be to lift our expectations for what each child is capable of learning. A solid second step would be to adopt national education standards that emphasize main studies -- math, science, English and history -- and measure results with national testing. In an age when learning a technique requires as much intelligence as understanding a textbook, all students need the same base of knowledge, whether they will go off to college or not.
And a third step is to give vocational (职业的) training. Not everyone should be on the college track -- and a strong vocational teaching system might just lower the 30% high school dropout (辍学) rate.
No single solution -- higher standards, charter schools (特许学校), merit pay (记功付酬) for teachers – can magically solve our educational problems. What we need is a systematic, national plan that combines the smartest reforms and takes brave risks.
41. According to the author's opinion, we can conclude that ___________.
A. the report, A Nation at Risk, only reflected the previous educational situation in America
B. the American educational system was considered to secure the nation's future during the past twenty years
C. the 1983 report is, to some degree, too old to describe the present educational situation well
D. in view of the present educational situation, American basic education doesn't fun_ction well
42. The author's attitude toward America's schools is that of ____________.
A. unconcern B. dissatisfaction C. tolerance D. sympathy
43. Through the passage, the author wants to tell us that________.
A. the problems of the present America's schools are very different from those of two decades ago
B. if the financial problems are solved, the problems of America’s schools will disappear
C. varieties of schools should be built to solve the problems of America’s schools
D. proper strategies and reforms are needed in the course of solving the problems
44. National education standards emphasize the importance of _____________.
A. main basic subjects in schools
B. learning a technique
C. the ability to understand
D. the same base of knowledge
45. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Emerging crisis in America’s schools.
B. Solving American education problems.
C. Educational foundation of American society.
D. The importance of adopting national educational standards.
三. 基础写作
有外商来某工业区(Industrial Development Zone)参观访问，请你陪同他们参观，并用英语向他们介绍开发区的情况，介绍如下：
1. 开发区占地20平方公里，有8家工厂和5个仓库。
2. 位于珠江河畔，东临101国道，离市区只有20分钟汽车路程。
3. 水电供应齐全，管理服务优良。
4. 工业区还将扩大，双方均会受益。
(写作要求]
1. 开头已经为你写好，不计入句数。
2. 用5个句子写这篇短文。
Ladies and gentlemen,
You are welcome to our Industrial Development Zone. Now let me give you a brief introduction to the zone.
第5讲 Under the sea 词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；
能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。
一. 重点词汇
1.annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的 n. 年刊；年鉴
[重点用法]
annually adv. 年年地, 每年地
[典例]
1) an annual income. 年收入
2) an annual report年度报告
3) Premier Wen Jiabao noted that the two most important problems would be previous to anything else in the government annual report.温家宝总理在政府年度报告中指出要优先解决这两大问题。
witness n. 目击者；证人；证据vt. 当场见到；目击
[典例]
1) He is the witness to the accident. 事故的目击者
2) This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies. 这个古老的礼堂内举行过许多次典礼。
accommodation住所
[重点用法]
accommodate v.向...提供, 容纳, 调和; 适应
accommodation address临时通讯处
accommodation allowance膳宿津贴
[典例]
1) The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London.
由于住宿费用昂贵，伦敦的学生感到生活困难。
2) The university offers excellent accommodation for summer visitors.
这所大学为夏季来访者提供了很好的住宿。
abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃n. 放任，狂热
[重点用法]
abandon oneself to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于
abandon …to sb. 把……舍弃给…...
with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地
[典例]
1) They abandoned all hope of finding an effective way to solve the problem.
他们放弃了寻找有效方法解决问题的所有希望。
2) We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs. 我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。
3) Don't waste the food left, and abandon it to the dog. 不要浪费剩下的食物，把它舍弃给狗吃。
reflect vt. 映射；反射vi. & vt. 思考
[重点用法]
reflection n. 反射；反映；思考；沉思
reflective adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的
reflect on v. 思考，反省
[典例]
1) Her severe look reflected how she really felt. 她那冷峻的神情反映出她心中的真正感受。
2) Mirrors reflect light. 镜子能反射光线。
3) I reflected on possible reasons for my failure. 我仔细考虑导致我失败的种种原因。
aware adj. 意识到的；知道的
[重点用法]
unaware不察觉的, 不知道的
awareness n. 知道, 晓得
be／become aware of sth. 意识到某事
be aware that-clause知道……；意识到……
make sb. aware that-clause提醒某人注意……
make sb. aware of…让某人注意到……
[典例]
1) He wasn't aware of the danger. 他没有意识到危险。
2) Is she aware that I'm coming? 她知道我要来吗?
注意：aware后跟名词性从句时，一般在从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。
scare vt. 恐吓vi. 受惊吓
[重点用法]
scaring adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
scared adj. 受惊吓的；感到害怕的
be scared of…(=be afraid of) 遇到…(某种事物或行为)而害怕
be scared to do. (=be afraid to do)不敢做……
be scared to death吓死了
[典例]
1) You scared me by coming in so quietly. 你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。
2) Most girls are scared to light the firework.大多女孩不敢放烟花。
二.重点词组
1. sort out整理；挑出；解决(问题／困难)
[短语归纳]
sort through 查看并挑选出
put away 把……存放好
[典例]
1) I've sorted out the papers that can be thrown away. 我已经把那些可以扔掉的报纸整理出来了。
2) We've got a few lime problems to sort out. 我们有几个小问题要解决。
3) He was sorting through a pile of papers on his desk他在整理桌上的一堆文件。
help out 帮助……（摆脱困难或危难）；协助；使……脱离困境
[短语归纳]
help sb with sth帮助某人做某事
with the help of在...的帮助下, 借助
help oneself to请随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
can't help doing sth禁不住
can't help but do sth只得；不得不
[典例]
1) Can you help me out with the maths problem? 你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?
2) Please help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼。
3) She can't help laughing. 她忍不住大笑起来。
4) I can't help but wait. 我只得等。
throw oneself out of 跃出
[典例]
1) The man suddenly threw himself out of the water and said“I’m here”. 那个人突然跃出水面说“我在这儿”。
[短语归纳]
throw oneself at冲向
throw oneself into投身于；积极从事
throw away扔掉
throw up呕吐
throw sb into prison把某人投入监狱；
throw at对准向……扔去(希望击中)；
throw to向……(方向)扔去
upside down 上下翻转过来
[短语归纳]
inside out里面翻转过来的
[典例]
1) The naughty child is always turning everything in the room upside down.
这淘气的孩子老是把房问的东西搞得乱七八糟。
2) He wore the sweatshirt inside out. 他当时把运动衫反过来穿。
三. 重点句子
1. It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the
baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸（当时被称为“杀手”）帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。
[解释]It was/is a time when 曾经一度（那时）
[典例]
1) It was a time when motorcars were rare. 那是汽车很罕见的时代。
2) It was a time when she could not bear the pain and wanted to kill herself.
她曾经无法忍受病痛，想结束自己的生命。
2. I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right
clothes on, raced after him.
我早就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没穿上捕鲸该穿的衣服，还是跟在他背后跑了起来。
[解释]even though=even if即使，即便（引导让步状语从句）
[典例]
1) We won’t give up even if we should ten times.即便我们失败十次，我们也不会失败。
2) Even though you may lose the chance of meeting your friend, you can not miss the meeting this
afternoon.
即使你可能会失去会见朋友的机会，（但是你）也不能错过下午的会议。
3. I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day-a day of pure
magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情---这可是奇妙至及的一天。
[解释]with+宾语+宾语补足语 在句中充当状语，表伴随，原因等
[典例]
1) The teacher came in with a thick book in her hand.老师走了进来，手里拿着一本厚厚的书。
2) With a local villager leading the way, we found his house easily.
有当地村民带路，我们很容易就找到了他家。
3) With a lot of problems to solve, the newly-elected president felt like a cat on hot bricks.
由于有很多问题急待解决，新当选的总统急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
1.(2015 安徽高考)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing (deep) and variety.
答案: depth
解析: 根据and可以得知，前面需要的是名词，deep 的名词词性是：depth。
2. (2015山东临沂四中高二下)The likely reactions of the market need to be before we act.
A. considered on B. based on C. relied on D. reflected on
答案: D
解析: A考虑，B基于......，C依赖，D反应；根据句意应为D。
3.(2015湖北襄阳高二下)When he was a child, he often listened to the stories told by his grandfather, who lived through the Anti-Japanese War and had a memory of it.
A. absurd B. vivid C. parallel D. Elegant
答案: B
解析:A荒唐的，B形象的，C平行的，D优雅的；根据句意应为B。
4. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only beaten.
A. Nearly B. Slightly C. Narrowly D. Lightly
答案: C
解析: A几乎，B轻微，C勉强地，D轻微地；根据句意应为C。
5. Nowadays, there is a increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A. Sharp B. Slight C. Natural D. Modest
答案: A
解析: A急剧的，B轻微的，C自然的，D谦虚的；根据句意为A。
基础演练
一. 根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) The lake is over 20 meters in _____ so we were all moved ______ by the man who dived _______ into the lake to save the little boy.(deep)
2) I ____ remember the girl dressed in ______ color he drew in the exhibition.(vivid)
3) Anyone who launches a war is ______ and is _______ by people who love peace all around the world. (aware)
4) The _______ of energy will help us research the way to save and _______ the energy. (conserve)
5) Though the soup is _______, I’ve lost my sense of ______ and it ____just like ______water.(taste)
key:1) depth; deeply; deep 2) vividly; vivid 3) awesome; awed 4) conservation; conserve
5) tasty; taste; tastes; tasteless
巩固提高
二.课文词汇等填空
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
1 the morning of 19th January I went snorkeling. 2 (see) such extraordinary beauty, I thought every cell in my body woke up and 3 was like discovering a whole new dimension of life. During the trip, I first became aware of the vivid colors 4 (围绕) me and the fantastic corals, in and around 5 all kinds of elegant fish 6 (be) swimming among them. 7 there are still something 8 made me feel 9 (害怕). For example, I didn’t want to get close to the eel, the giant clam and the grey reef sharks, for they made me scared to death 10 a moment.
Key: 1. On 2. seeing 3. it 4. surrounding 5. which 6. were
7. But 8. that 9. frightened 10. for
1. Please post this letter in the post office nearby, and __________, I will get two tickets in the train station.
A. in meantime B. on the meanwhile C. in meanwhile D. in the meantime
2. Don't turn the room __________, as I have just tidied it.
A. upside down B. Inside C. Outside D. inside down
3. Most parents are not __________ the danger of their babies' eating jelly, which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
A. well aware to B. very aware of C. aware that D. well aware of
4. I need time to _______ on what you offered.
A. Consider B. Reflect C. Imagine D. suggest
5. When the war broke out, people had to ______their unnecessaries and put away the valuable to flee away with the necessities.
A. Abandon B. Release C. Discourage D. resign
6. With their parents ______observing their actions，these naughty boys didn't dare to make trouble.
A. Sharply B. Especially C. Narrowly D. generally
7. I was so dull that several days went by before I was ______of what was happening.
A. Informed B. Aware C. Reminded D. independent
8. My father has often ______ me ______ when I've been a bit short of money.
A. sent; out B. driven; off C. helped; out D. pulled; in
9. Is there anyone in your class who ______ the car accident that happened in front of our school this morning?
A. Witnessed B. Observed C. Introduced D. predicted
10. Before I give you my final decision, I need time to ______your suggestion once again.
A. pick out B. try out C. test out D. reflect on
11. His fatal mistake has become the______, for which his team lost the chance to reach the last 16 in the World Cup.
A. Example B. Handle C. Face D. target
12. I'm not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a ______ imagination.
A. Clear B. Cautious C. Funny D. vivid
13. The public ______ of the environmental problem will make the government take it seriously.
A. Awareness B. Revolution C. Existence D. evidence
(2015福建高二下期中) People like taking photos because photos are the of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.
A. Witness B. Guidance C. Evidence D. approval
(2015 湖北高二下期中) They are preparing themselves for a new life in America, but they don’t want to their old life entirely.
A. Attempt B. Adopt C. Abandon D. abolish
Key: 1-5 DADBA6-10 CBCAD11-15DDAAC
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一.单词拼写
1. The small animals were s________ to run away when they saw a tiger walking towards them.
2. Anyone with an a_________ income of under 5 000 yuan may be eligible to apply.
3. He a___________ his wife and went away with all their money.
4. He doesn't seem to be a_______ of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.
5. We w____________ tremendous changes in the city.
Key: scared; annual; abandoned; aware; witnessed
二. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：310
完成时间：7分钟
难度：***
In 1983 a presidential committee warned that, "The educational foundations of our society are presently threatening our very future as a nation." More than two decades later, that report, A Nation at Risk, is still suitable for the current situation.
America's schools are failing us. They're not preparing enough young people to succeed in the 21st century. Standardized test scores show that student achievement is quite low. But those scores don't tell the whole story of this rising crisis. Consider these:
* Nearly 30 percent of students don't graduate from high school.
* 40 percent of college freshmen need remedial classes (辅导班) because they are unprepared.
* While U.S. grade-schoolers outrank ( 等级高于) many of their international peers, high-scholars don't do so well.
Sadly, more and more young adults aren't ready for college or work -- or for life. They're not getting the skills to compete in today's rapidly developing "knowledge economy'' even as other countries grow more competitive. By standing still, we're falling behind.
So, a good first step would be to lift our expectations for what each child is capable of learning. A solid second step would be to adopt national education standards that emphasize main studies -- math, science, English and history -- and measure results with national testing. In an age when learning a technique requires as much intelligence as understanding a textbook, all students need the same base of knowledge, whether they will go off to college or not.
And a third step is to give vocational (职业的) training. Not everyone should be on the college track -- and a strong vocational teaching system might just lower the 30% high school dropout (辍学) rate.
No single solution -- higher standards, charter schools (特许学校), merit pay (记功付酬) for teachers – can magically solve our educational problems. What we need is a systematic, national plan that combines the smartest reforms and takes brave risks.
41. According to the author's opinion, we can conclude that ___________.
A. the report, A Nation at Risk, only reflected the previous educational situation in America
B. the American educational system was considered to secure the nation's future during the past twenty years
C. the 1983 report is, to some degree, too old to describe the present educational situation well
D. in view of the present educational situation, American basic education doesn't fun_ction well
42. The author's attitude toward America's schools is that of ____________.
A. unconcern B. dissatisfaction C. tolerance D. sympathy
43. Through the passage, the author wants to tell us that________.
A. the problems of the present America's schools are very different from those of two decades ago
B. if the financial problems are solved, the problems of America’s schools will disappear
C. varieties of schools should be built to solve the problems of America’s schools
D. proper strategies and reforms are needed in the course of solving the problems
44. National education standards emphasize the importance of _____________.
A. main basic subjects in schools
B. learning a technique
C. the ability to understand
D. the same base of knowledge
45. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Emerging crisis in America’s schools.
B. Solving American education problems.
C. Educational foundation of American society.
D. The importance of adopting national educational standards.
Key: DBDAB
三. 基础写作
有外商来某工业区(Industrial Development Zone)参观访问，请你陪同他们参观，并用英语向他们介绍开发区的情况，介绍如下：
1. 开发区占地20平方公里，有8家工厂和5个仓库。
2. 位于珠江河畔，东临101国道，离市区只有20分钟汽车路程。
3. 水电供应齐全，管理服务优良。
4. 工业区还将扩大，双方均会受益。
(写作要求]
1. 开头已经为你写好，不计入句数。
2. 用5个句子写这篇短文。
Ladies and gentlemen,
You are welcome to our Industrial Development Zone. Now let me give you a brief introduction to the zone.
Key:
Ladies and gentlemen,
You are welcome to our Industrial Development Zone. Now let me give you a brief introduction to the zone.
Our zone covers an area of 20 square kilometers and there are eight factories and five store houses in it.
It lies by the Pearl River and Highway 101 runs past on its east. It is only twenty minutes' drive from here to the downtown. Power and water here are well supplied. The management and service are excellent.
Our zone is to be enlarged and you are welcome to start factories in this zone. I'm sure that will do good to both of us.
第6讲 Under the sea 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1.掌握V-ing的被动式的结构与用法；
2.能够熟练运用V-ing的被动式解题造句。
一. 含义与构成
1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：
主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）
定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)
注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.
其各种形式如下表：
语态 时 态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
? (not) doing
? (not) being done
完成式
? (not) having done
? (not) having been done
2. V-ing 形式的被动式用法及种类
当v-ing与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done；V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。
二. 用法
（一）动名词的被动式
动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。
1、作主语
So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health. 暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president’s being killed led to serious consequences. 总统被杀导致了严重后果。
作宾语
V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
The bird escaped being caught. I didn’t mind being left at home.
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us. He did it without ___________ (ask)
You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on) I remember having been told the story.
3、作表语
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
注意：① 动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。 如：
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。
②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。
③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：
Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。
The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新证据的发现导致他被捕。
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital
（二）现在分词的被动式
现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行。
作宾补
现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。
I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.
You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.
As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)
注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成。
2、作定语
现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。
The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.
He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.
注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：
a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议
a meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议
a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议
②现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。
The building having been built last year (×) The building built last year (√)
We found him having been killed. (×) We found him killed (√)
（三）现在分词的被动完成式 (having been done) 作状语
当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。
Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.
被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。
Having been told the news, they put off the trip.
被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。
Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other.
因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。
Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.
尽管被告知多次了， 那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。
注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。
The work having been done, they left the office.
All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
②在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：
The work done, they left the office.
All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：
二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。
Asked (= Having been asked) to work overtime, I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。
Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。
三、动名词的主动形式表被动意义
①在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
② 在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
His suggestion is worth considering.
③ 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟
We don’t allow students to smoke here. 我们不允许学生抽烟
1. (2014北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without .
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. Having recognized D. Having been recognized
2. (2015浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
(2015浙江奉化高三)Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony, because for the speaker, is an honor.
A. invited B. being invited C. be invited D. inviting
(2015浙江温州十校联考) He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
To have been badly treated B. Treating badly
C. To be treated badly D. Being badly treated
5. (2015浙江温州高二下)________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
基础演练
1. __________ in a famous university is what most students wish for.
A.To educate B. Educated C. Being educated D. Educating
2. _________ into a famous university made his parents happy.
A. Tom was admitted B. Tom be admitted
C. If Tom was admitted D. Tom’s being admitted
3. _________ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience.
A.Having caught B. Being caught
C. Caught D. having been caught
4. ---- What in the world put you in a really bad mood ?
---- _______ in the traffic for hours.
A. Stuck B. Being stuck C. To be stuck D. Sticking
5. --- What made Bill so angry?
--- ___________. His girlfriend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited
巩固提高
I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _______ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted
7. The discovery of new evidence led to __________.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief??
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
8. Do you mind _________ alone at home?
A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left
C. Jane’s being left D. Jane to be left
9. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. Persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
10. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.
A. Attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked
11. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _________.
A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned
C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning
13. She insisted __________ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.
A. on taking B. on being taken C. to take D. to be taken
14. He has always insisted on his ___________ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
A. Called B. having called C. being called D. having been called
15. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ___________.
A. being fully accepted B. accepted fully
C. fully been accepted D. fully accepted
1. While we’re developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth__________.
A. from polluting B. Polluted C. Polluting D. being polluted
2. What worried the child most was __________ to visit his mother in the hospital.(
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _________ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
4. The building _________ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. Build B. having been built C. to be built D. being built
5. If I criticize someone, I will do it with great patience as if I were the one ____________ .
A. to criticize B. Criticizing C. having criticizing D. being criticized
6. The building __________ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.
A. to paint B. being painted C. to have painted D. painted
7. The well was found ________ when we got there.
A. Digging B. to be dug C. to dig D. being dug
8. __________to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked B. To ask
C. Having asked D. To be asked
9. ________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
10. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
11. ___________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D.To be separated
12. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
13. _________ for two weeks, the village is in short of food.
A. To flood B. Having flooded
C. Having been flooded D.being flooded
14. I want to have my hair ________, because it wants _________.
A. cut; cutting B. being cut; being cut C. cut; being cut D. cut; to cut
15. I still remember ________ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.
A. to be caught to play B. be caught playing
C.catching play D.being caught playing
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. -- Did you have a good time at the party?
-- Thanks. I appreciated _________ to your home.
A. to be invited B. being invited
C. to have invited D. having invited
2. No one can prevent the plan __________ .
A. from carrying out B. to be carded out
C. being carded out D. to carry out
3. The bird was lucky that it just missed __________ .
A. Catching B. being caught C. to be caught D. to catch
4. Most of the artists _________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. Invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
5. __________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
6. He has always insisted on his ________ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
A. been called B. being called C. having called D. called
7. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _______ into buying something they don't ________ really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
8. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre, but his father refused him because it was late.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
9. The well was found __________ when we got there.
A. Digging B. to be dug C. to dig D. being dug
10. __________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
二. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Passing Your Love On
Waiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked, “Would you mind 1 your seat? A couple would like to sit together.” The only 2 seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts（石膏绷带）, a black-and-blue face, and a sad 3 . “No way am I going to sit there,” I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help.” Finally, I 4 to move to that seat.
The girl was named Kathy. She had been in a car accident and 5 was on her way for 6 .
When the snack and juice arrived, it did not take me long to 7 that Kathy would not be able to 8 herself. I considered 9 to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too10 to offer a service to a 11 . But then I realized that Kathy's need was more12 than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and 13 she was uncomfortable to accept, she 14 as I expected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart had 15 , and the time was really 16 spent than if I had just sat by myself.
I was very glad I had reached 17 my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and feed her. Love 18 flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us 19 . When we stretch to serve another, we grow to live 20 a larger and more rewarding world.
1. A. leaving B. changing C. taking D. giving
2. A. comfortable B. suitable C. available D. favorable
3. A. heart B. expression C. action D. thought
4. A. decided B. wanted C. regretted D. promised
5. A. immediately B. lately C. recently D. now
6. A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business
7. A. know B. say C. realize D. recognize
8. A. eat B. feed C. choose D. support
9. A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying
10. A. impolite B. far C. close D. fast
11. A. girl B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger
12. A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful
13. A. when B. although C. since D. as
14. A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did
15. A. warmed B. jumped C. broken D. cheered
16. A. good B. worse C. better D. bad
17. A. below B. through C. across D. beyond
78. A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. sometimes
19. A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset
20. A. of B. in C. at D. for
阅读理解
During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a few minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.
It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years.
What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go through the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people.
But today's youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but less interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard whatever way they choose to materialize the gains, the younger generation are more likely to seek ease and comforts of their senses.
This pleasure-seeking trend provides a huge market for the entertainment industry and the mass media. The media devote excessive too much coverage to anecdotes of pop and TV stars, which in turn fans wider and stronger enthusiasm for entertainment among the public, especially young people.
Ours is a developing country. Global competition in the growth of national strength presents a demand for China to be quicker in its development. We cannot afford to lose time. We need to make our economy more powerful. To meet this need, all of us should maintain our tradition of working hard and overcoming difficulties.
1. A particular mention made of Wang Jianghai's story in the first two paragraphs _____.
A. serves as a description of the trend today B. serves as an introduction to the discussion
C. shows a disagreement of views D. show the popularity of the TV stars and pop singers
2. Which of the following is the reason for young people's increasing interest in entertainment?
A. Young people are taught by adults to seek pleasure of senses.
B. Young people have given up our traditional value of hard working completely
C. Young people are not interested in learning from the examples of hard working at all.
D. Young people are far too much influenced by too much entertainment news in media.
3. The underlined word “hedonism” (paragraph 4) means “________”.
A. a material B. spiritual gains
C. thinking pleasure is the most important D. amusement
第6讲 Under the sea 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1.掌握V-ing的被动式的结构与用法；
2.能够熟练运用V-ing的被动式解题造句。
一. 含义与构成
1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：
主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）
定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)
注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.
其各种形式如下表：
语态 时 态
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
? (not) doing
? (not) being done
完成式
? (not) having done
? (not) having been done
2. V-ing 形式的被动式用法及种类
当v-ing与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done；V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。
二. 用法
（一）动名词的被动式
动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。
1、作主语
So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health. 暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president’s being killed led to serious consequences. 总统被杀导致了严重后果。
作宾语
V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
The bird escaped being caught. I didn’t mind being left at home.
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us. He did it without ___________ (ask)
You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on) I remember having been told the story.
3、作表语
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
注意：① 动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。 如：
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。
②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。
③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：
Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。
The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新证据的发现导致他被捕。
What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital
（二）现在分词的被动式
现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行。
作宾补
现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。
I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.
You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.
As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)
注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成。
2、作定语
现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。
The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.
He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.
注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：
a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议
a meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议
a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议
②现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。
The building having been built last year (×) The building built last year (√)
We found him having been killed. (×) We found him killed (√)
（三）现在分词的被动完成式 (having been done) 作状语
当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。
Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.
被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。
Having been told the news, they put off the trip.
被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。
Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other.
因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。
Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.
尽管被告知多次了， 那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。
注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。
The work having been done, they left the office.
All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
②在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：
The work done, they left the office.
All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.
注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：
二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。
Asked (= Having been asked) to work overtime, I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。
Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。
三、动名词的主动形式表被动意义
①在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
② 在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
His suggestion is worth considering.
③ 在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟
We don’t allow students to smoke here. 我们不允许学生抽烟
1. (2014北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without .
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. Having recognized D. Having been recognized
答案: B
解析: without 是介词，后要接动名词，又由于recognize与逻辑主语he的关系是被动，所以选B。
2. (2015浙江高考)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
答案: D
解析: 此题可以判断perform与逻辑主语it 的关系是被动关系，作hear的宾语补足语，所以选D。
(2015浙江奉化高三)Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony, because for the speaker, is an honor.
A. invited B. being invited C. be invited D. inviting
答案: B
解析: 成分应该填主语的，所以要用动名词，与逻辑主语the speaker是被动关系，所以选C。
(2015浙江温州十校联考) He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.
To have been badly treated B. Treating badly
C. To be treated badly D. Being badly treated
答案: D
解析: 逻辑主语he与treat是被动关系，时间关系是同时发生，所以选D。
5. (2015浙江温州高二下)________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D. To be separated
答案: C
解析: for加一段时间标志要用现在完成时，与逻辑主语间是被动关系，与谓语动词的关系是伴随。
基础演练
1. __________ in a famous university is what most students wish for.
A.To educate B. Educated C. Being educated D. Educating
2. _________ into a famous university made his parents happy.
A. Tom was admitted B. Tom be admitted
C. If Tom was admitted D. Tom’s being admitted
3. _________ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience.
A.Having caught B. Being caught
C. Caught D. having been caught
4. ---- What in the world put you in a really bad mood ?
---- _______ in the traffic for hours.
A. Stuck B. Being stuck C. To be stuck D. Sticking
5. --- What made Bill so angry?
--- ___________. His girlfriend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited
Key: 1-5CDBBB
巩固提高
I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _______ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted
7. The discovery of new evidence led to __________.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief??
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
8. Do you mind _________ alone at home?
A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left
C. Jane’s being left D. Jane to be left
9. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. Persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
10. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.
A. Attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked
11. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _________.
A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned
C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning
13. She insisted __________ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.
A. on taking B. on being taken C. to take D. to be taken
14. He has always insisted on his ___________ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
A. Called B. having called C. being called D. having been called
15. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ___________.
A. being fully accepted B. accepted fully
C. fully been accepted D. fully accepted
Key: 6-10 BCCCC 10-15 DBBCA
1. While we’re developing agriculture and industry, we must prevent the earth__________.
A. from polluting B. Polluted C. Polluting D. being polluted
2. What worried the child most was __________ to visit his mother in the hospital.(
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _________ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
4. The building _________ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. Build B. having been built C. to be built D. being built
5. If I criticize someone, I will do it with great patience as if I were the one ____________ .
A. to criticize B. Criticizing C. having criticizing D. being criticized
6. The building __________ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.
A. to paint B. being painted C. to have painted D. painted
7. The well was found ________ when we got there.
A. Digging B. to be dug C. to dig D. being dug
8. __________to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked B. To ask
C. Having asked D. To be asked
9. ________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
10. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
11. ___________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. Having separated
C. Having been separated D.To be separated
12. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
13. _________ for two weeks, the village is in short of food.
A. To flood B. Having flooded
C. Having been flooded D.being flooded
14. I want to have my hair ________, because it wants _________.
A. cut; cutting B. being cut; being cut C. cut; being cut D. cut; to cut
15. I still remember ________ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.
A. to be caught to play B. be caught playing
C.catching play D.being caught playing
Key: 1-5 DBCDD6-10 BDACD11-15 VBCCD
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. -- Did you have a good time at the party?
-- Thanks. I appreciated _________ to your home.
A. to be invited B. being invited
C. to have invited D. having invited
2. No one can prevent the plan __________ .
A. from carrying out B. to be carded out
C. being carded out D. to carry out
3. The bird was lucky that it just missed __________ .
A. Catching B. being caught C. to be caught D. to catch
4. Most of the artists _________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. Invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
5. __________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
6. He has always insisted on his ________ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
A. been called B. being called C. having called D. called
7. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _______ into buying something they don't ________ really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
8. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre, but his father refused him because it was late.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
9. The well was found __________ when we got there.
A. Digging B. to be dug C. to dig D. being dug
10. __________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
Key: 1-5BCBAC 6-10BCADB
二. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Passing Your Love On
Waiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess approached me and asked, “Would you mind 1 your seat? A couple would like to sit together.” The only 2 seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts（石膏绷带）, a black-and-blue face, and a sad 3 . “No way am I going to sit there,” I thought immediately. But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help.” Finally, I 4 to move to that seat.
The girl was named Kathy. She had been in a car accident and 5 was on her way for 6 .
When the snack and juice arrived, it did not take me long to 7 that Kathy would not be able to 8 herself. I considered 9 to feed her but hesitated, as it seemed too10 to offer a service to a 11 . But then I realized that Kathy's need was more12 than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat, and 13 she was uncomfortable to accept, she 14 as I expected. We became closer and closer in a short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart had 15 , and the time was really 16 spent than if I had just sat by myself.
I was very glad I had reached 17 my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy and feed her. Love 18 flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us 19 . When we stretch to serve another, we grow to live 20 a larger and more rewarding world.
1. A. leaving B. changing C. taking D. giving
2. A. comfortable B. suitable C. available D. favorable
3. A. heart B. expression C. action D. thought
4. A. decided B. wanted C. regretted D. promised
5. A. immediately B. lately C. recently D. now
6. A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business
7. A. know B. say C. realize D. recognize
8. A. eat B. feed C. choose D. support
9. A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying
10. A. impolite B. far C. close D. fast
11. A. girl B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger
12. A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful
13. A. when B. although C. since D. as
14. A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did
15. A. warmed B. jumped C. broken D. cheered
16. A. good B. worse C. better D. bad
17. A. below B. through C. across D. beyond
78. A. seldom B. never C. hardly D. sometimes
19. A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset
20. A. of B. in C. at D. for
Key: 1-5 BCBAD 6-10 ACBAA 11-15 DCBDA 16-20 CDDAB
阅读理解
During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a few minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch. You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.
It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11 years.
What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go through the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people.
But today's youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but less interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. . That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard whatever way they choose to materialize the gains, the younger generation are more likely to seek ease and comforts of their senses.
This pleasure-seeking trend provides a huge market for the entertainment industry and the mass media. The media devote excessive too much coverage to anecdotes of pop and TV stars, which in turn fans wider and stronger enthusiasm for entertainment among the public, especially young people.
Ours is a developing country. Global competition in the growth of national strength presents a demand for China to be quicker in its development. We cannot afford to lose time. We need to make our economy more powerful. To meet this need, all of us should maintain our tradition of working hard and overcoming difficulties.
1. A particular mention made of Wang Jianghai's story in the first two paragraphs _____.
A. serves as a description of the trend today B. serves as an introduction to the discussion
C. shows a disagreement of views D. show the popularity of the TV stars and pop singers
2. Which of the following is the reason for young people's increasing interest in entertainment?
A. Young people are taught by adults to seek pleasure of senses.
B. Young people have given up our traditional value of hard working completely
C. Young people are not interested in learning from the examples of hard working at all.
D. Young people are far too much influenced by too much entertainment news in media.
3. The underlined word “hedonism” (paragraph 4) means “________”.
A. a material B. spiritual gains
C. thinking pleasure is the most important D. amusement
Key: BDC
