第5讲 Inventors and inventions 词汇篇
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熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；
2. 能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。
一. 重点词汇
1. distinguish vt.& vi. 辨别，区别；显示......的差别；使......有所不同
常用搭配：distinguish ... from ... 把......与.....加以区分
distinguish between ... and... 把......与.....加以区分
distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己扬名
distinguish sb. by ... 凭借......辨认某人 I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在远处能够辨认出他们。
Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？
Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。
The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.
班长用自己的考试成绩使自己出名了。
拓展: distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的
常用搭配： be distinguished for 因......而著名
Einstein was distinguished for his originality. 爱因斯坦以其独创性著称。
2. convenient adj. 便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient 的主语往往是物而不是人）
常用搭配：be convenient to sb. 对某人来说很方便
be convenient for ... 离......很近，对......来说方便
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you? 3点钟对你来说方便吗？
I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you. 我想这个时候见你恐怕不大合适。
Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。
拓展: convenience n. 方便，便利；便利设施
常用搭配：at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
for the convenience of sb. = for one’s convenience 为了某人方便起见
3. expectation n. 预料，期待，期望
注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，为不可数名词；当其意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。
常用搭配：beyond expectation 出乎意料（较预期的大或好）
in expectation of 预料，期望，期待
against expectations 与预期相反
He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。
I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations.
我向来喜欢看他的影片,但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。
拓展: expect vt. 预料，预期；期望
4. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；（军事）占领；（强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）
常用搭配：seize sth. from sb. 从某人那儿夺去某物
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机
seize hold of 抓住
She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。
Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。
Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud.
玛吉从她手上把信抢过去，开始大声朗读。
5. valid adj. 有效的，有根据的；正当的
Your return ticket is valid for three months. 你的返程票有效期是三个月。
Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.
睡过头并不是上学迟到的正当理由。
Please provide a valid screen name. 请输入有效的显示名。
6. bear
点拨: bear（bore, borne）vt. 忍受，忍耐，负担；生产（农作物等）
常用搭配：can’t bear doing /to do忍受不了做某事(bear doing 表示习惯性动作；bear to do sth. 表示一次具体动作)
bear in mind 牢记在心
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer, so I left the room. 我不忍再听下去了，就离开了房间。
She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫无怨言地忍受着悲痛。
Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承载你的体重吗？
You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor.
你要牢记在心你父母希望你成为一名好医生。
拓展: 表示“忍受”的词和短语：
stand/ tolerate/ put up with 忍受，容忍 can’t have sb. doing sth. 不能忍受某人做某事
7. tap vt.& vi. 轻打，轻拍，轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
常用搭配：tap at/on 轻敲......；轻拍......
The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.
秘书10秒钟打出一份电报。
They won’t hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!
你只是轻拍门他们听不见。使劲敲！
8. current
点拨: current n. （水或气）流，电流；趋势
She had to swim against the current. 她必须逆着水流往上游。
We had better go with the current of the times. 我们最好跟上时代的潮流。
Newspapers influence the current of thought. 报纸影响人们思维的方向。
拓展: current adj. 现时的，当今的；流通的，通用的
currency n. 通货, 货币；通用，流通
current English 当代英语
current money通用的货币
This word is no longer in current use. 这个词现在已经不用了。
The German currency is among the strongest in the world.
德国货币是世界上最坚挺的货币之一。
9. associate vt. 联想, 把……联想在一起; 和……来往
常用搭配：associate...with 与……联系
She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。
Her parents didn’t like her associating with net friends. 她的父母不喜欢她和网友来往。
In our minds the Spring Festival is associated with happy family reunions.
在我们心中，春节是和愉快的家庭团聚联系在一起的。
拓展: associate n. 同伴；伙伴
He is one of my associates at the store. 他是我店里的一位同事。
10. practical adj. 实际的，实践的, 可行的
He is very practical — he can make or mend almost anything.
他很有实践经验——会制作或修理几乎任何东西。
We have to be practical and buy only what we can afford.
我们要实际一些，只买我们能买得起的东西。
拓展: practice / practise v. 练习，实践
practice n. 实习；实践，练习
We must put our plans into practice. 我们必须把计划付诸于实践。
You need more practice before you can play for our team.
你需要更多的练习才能进入我们队。
You won’t become a good singer if you don’t practice/ practise.
你不练习就成不了好歌手。
二. 重点短语
1. now and then 时而，偶尔地（= occasionally）
Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
她时而上楼看看他是不是睡着了。
拓展: every now and then 有时，时而，不时
2. set out to do sth. 开始做某事
He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.
他着手粉刷整个房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。
拓展: set out for 动身去某处
set out 动身
3. set about doing sth. 着手,开始做（注意about是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词）
He set about learning Chinese at age ten (=at the age of ten).
他十岁时开始学中文。
She set about her housework straight after breakfast.
吃完早饭后，她直接就开始做家务了。
4. call up 给(……)打电话（也可用call sb. up）；使回想起
Forgive me so early to?call up?you please.
请原谅我这么早就给您打电话。
The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
这种愉悦的笑声唤起了他童年的回忆。
拓展: 与call有关的词组:
call on 拜访（某人） call at 拜访（某地） call for 要求（=ask for）
call off 取消 call in 邀请，召集
5. hang on 不要挂断（电话）。
点拨: hang on （=hold on，表示“坚持某一状态”，其中hang 挂着，on 表示持续地）
1) 握住不放
He hung on until the rope broke. 他一直握住绳子不放，直到绳子断了。
2) 坚持
Although we are beaten, we must hang on. 虽然我们被打败了，我们一定要坚持。
3) (电话)不挂断
The line is busy；would you like to hang on? 线路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？
6. get through（through表示“from beginning to end”，强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）
1) 穿过; 通过
The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了，过不去。
2) 读完; (使)理解; 消化
I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting.
会前我有一大堆文件要浏览消化呢。
3) (用电话)接通某人
I rang you several times but wasn’t able to get through.
我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。
4) 完成
I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这本小说。
5) 用完, 花光
He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。
（此句中got through =used up和ran out of）
7. out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；秩序混乱
The vendor is?out of order?(=out of work) again.
这台自动售货机又坏了。
It was?out of order?for him to make such a tactless remark.?
他说出这种粗鲁的话是不正常的。
The boy’s room was?out of order (=messy). 这个男孩儿的房间很乱。
拓展: order n. 顺序，订购，命令
in order 处于正常状况，情况良好
8. dive into 迅速把手伸进；一心投入，潜入
He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins.
他将手伸入口袋中取出几枚硬币。
He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潜心研究中国历史。
The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 这个男孩从桥上跳入河中。
点拨: 1) beaten track 踏平的路，一贯走的路
2) woods 原指“树林”，此句中有“险境，困境”的意思。
9. ring back/ ring off 回复电话
ring off (= hang off) 挂断电话；停止讲话
Before I answered the telephone, he rang off.
我还没来得及回答，他就挂断了。
I’ll ring you back when I get the answer.我知道答案时，会给你回电话。
拓展: 打电话时用的其它词语：
ring up/call up打电话给…... hang on / hold the line别挂断
ring round 四处打电话 answer the phone 接电话
get through 打通电话 dial 拨（号） extension （电话）分机
三. 重点句型
(一). Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。
点拨: when cooled 连词+过去分词，相当于when引导的时间状语从句：when it is cooled
1. 状语从句的省略（省略“主语+be”）需具备的条件：
1）从句的谓语动词中有be；
2）主从句的主语一致或从句主语是it。
2. 状语从句的省略常用于五种从句：
1）if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句
He won’t go to the party unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会去参加晚会。
2）as, as if 引导的条件状语从句
Henry looked about as if (he is) looking for someone. 亨利环视四周，仿佛在找人。
3）when, while, until/ till等引导的时间状语从句
When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦时，（你）去向她求助。
4）although/ though, even if/ even though等引导的让步状语从句
She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak.
她尽管身体仍非常虚弱，但学习十分努力。
5）as, than引导的比较状语从句
We finished the task two days earlier than (it had been) expected.
我们比预料的早两天完成了任务。
注意: before/ after是介词，省略形式用：before/ after+动词-ing形式。
He gradually recovered after being treated for a time. 治疗了一段时间后他渐渐地康复了。
(二). Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。
点拨: “only+状语（从句）+助/系/情态动词+主语+谓语......”句式
only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.
只有那时我们才能认为自己尽到了责任。
Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
只有当我离开父母去了意大利，我才意识到我多么爱他们。
但是:
only修饰句子的主语时不倒装。
Only the manager can solve the problem. 只有经理能解决这个问题。
1. (2014高考)8. I’ll be out for some time. In case anything important happens, (立即给我打电话).
答案: call me up immediately
解析: 句意：我要出去一下。万一有什么重要事，马上打我电话。考察call的相关短语的用法。
(2015浙江高考) Listening is thus an active, not a p ,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.
答案: passive
解析: 根据not判断，应填active的反义词，“被动的”，所以为passive。
(2014江西高考) Anyway, we’re here now, so let’s _______ some serious work.
A. come up with B. get down to C. do away with D. live up to
答案: B
解析: 此句考查短语辨析，A想出B开始认真做C废除D做到，根据句意选B。
(2015山东潍坊高二下)Snakes come near the house now and then. We have to finding a solution to driving them away.
A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up
答案: A
解析: 句意：......我们不得不着手找到方法把它们赶走。A、C开始，着手B 写下，记下D建立；set about后接doing，所以选A。
(2014湖北高考)I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to .
A.get through B. get off C. get in D. get along
答案: A
解析: 此题考查get的短语辨析，A通过B下车C收货D进展，相处；根据句意.....我似乎无法接通，所以选A。
基础演练
一. 根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. People who can’t d_________ between colors are said to be color-blind.
2. An a_________ change in the weather resulted in the breakout of flu.
3. We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but contrary to e_______ it was the other way round.
4. Our new boss seemed a d_______ and energetic leader.
5. The cheque is not v_______ if it is not signed by the finance director.
6. He went into the phone booth as soon as possible and d_______ the number.
7. Would it be__________(方便) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
8. Television is such a means that it keeps us informed about __________(当前发生的) events.
9. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a _________(稳定的) environment.
10. A ________ (实际的) person does not spend his money and time foolishly.
Key: 1.distinguish 2.abrupt 3.expectations 4.dynamic 5.valid
6.dialed 7.convenient 8.current 9. stable 10.practical
巩固提高
二. 从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
call up； set about； in expectation of； hang on； out of order；
dive into； get through； ring off； now and then； set out
1. You should ________ the sea to find a pearl.
2. I’m sorry, but I’ve to __________ now. I have a train to catch.
3. I don’t think of my hometown very much, only _________.
4. As the Spring Festival was coming near, he was quite eager to ________ for his hometown.
5. I dialed several times，but I just couldn’t__________.
6. He was overlooked when they __________ choosing a new manager.
7. __________at your present job until you can get another.
8. My clock was __________ and woke me up at three this morning.
9. The smell of the sea __________ happy memories of my youth.
10. We waited at the station __________ her arrival.
Key: 1.dive into 2.ring off 3.now and then 4.set out 5.get through
6.set about 7.Hang on 8.out of order 9.called up 10.in expectation of
一. 单项选择
1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds ________ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.
A. to B. between C. for D. from
2. She can’t _________ to be laughed at though she is easy-going.
A. understand B. bear C. enjoy D. betray
3. The military government hopes to control the _______ of public opinion by controlling broadcasting.
A. current B. fashion C. measure D. flow
4. When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _________ suggestion.
A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable
5. --- I’d better ________ now. The water is boiling in the kitchen.
--- Good-bye.
A. ring back B. ring up C. hold on D. ring off
6. I should _____ to those old photographs — they must be valuable.
A. hang off B. hang up C. hang out D. hang on
7. He tried his best, but he couldn’t ________ the college entrance exams last year.
A. get through B. get over C. get up D. get away
8. When _________about the secret of his success, Spielberg said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
A. asked B. being asked C. was asked D. asking
9. His aunt’s letters ________ those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.
A. call him on B. call him for C. call him up D. call him in
10. We have to __________finding a solution.
A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up
11. If it is quite ___________ to you, I will visit you next Friday.
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
12. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return
13. — I wonder if I could use your telephone.
— __________.
A. I wonder how B. I don’t wonder
C. Sorry, it’s out of order D. No wonder, here it is
14. The thief was ____ and turned over to a police station.
A. seized B. obtained C. recovered D. appealed
15. They have a beer together ____, talking about their separate life, but not often.
A. by and by B. now and then C. all the time D. more or less
Key: 1-5 DBABD 6-10 DAACA 11-15 AACAB
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds ________ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times..
A. to B. between C. for D. from
2. — I'd better ________ now. The water is boiling in the kitchen.
— Good-bye.
A. ring back B. ring up C. hold on D. ring off
3. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our _________.
A. chances B. advantages C. futures D. expectations
4. I don't think about my old friends very much, only _________.
A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less
5. He tried his best, but he couldn't ________ the college entrance exams last year.
A. get through B. get over C. get up D. get away
6. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our ____.
A. expectations B. advantages C. Opportunities D. contributions
7. A healthy life is frequently thought to be ________ with open countryside and homegrown food.
A. tied B. bound C. involved D. associated
8. It’s ten years since the scientist ________ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
9. It started to rain so we ________ the nearest café and went on talking about our school life.
A. called up B. separated from C. dived into D. set out
10. Don’t you think I have _______ reasons for not supporting the proposals?
A. valid B. stable C. abrupt D. stainless
Key: 1-5 DDDAA 6-10 AACAB
二. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Every pet owner loves his pet .There is no argument here.
But when we asked our readers whether they would clone their beloved animals , the responses were split almost down the middle . Of the 228 readers who answered it ,108 would clone, 111 would not and nine weighed each side without offering an opinion .
Clearly, from readers' response, this is an issue that reaches deeply into both the joy and eventual (最终的)sadness of owning a pet. It speaks, as well, to people's widely differing expectations over the developing scientific procedure (步骤).
Most of the readers who favored the idea strongly believed it would produce at least a close copy of the original; many felt the process would actually return an exact copy. Those on the other side, however, held little hope that clone could truly recreate a pet; many simply did not wish to go against the natural law of life and death.
Both sides expressed equal love for their animals. More of them owned “the best dog/cat in the world”. They thought of their pets as their “best friend” or “a member of the family”. They told moving stories of pets' heroism, intelligence and selfless devotion.
Little wonders the loss is so disturbing---and the cloning so attractive. “People become very close to their animals, and the loss can be just as hard to bear as when a friend or family member dies,” says Gary Kowalski, author of goodbye, Friend: Healing Wisdom for Anyone Who Has Ever Lost a Pet. “For me, cloning feels like an attempt to turn death away…It's understandable. Death is always painful. It's difficult to deal with. It's hard to accept.”
But would cloning reduce the blow? This question seems to be at the heart of this problem.
60. So far as the cloning of pets is concerned, a recent survey shows that, of all pet owners, .
A. a lot more of them are for it
B. a lot more of them are against it
C. very few of them are willing to tell their opinions
D. about half of them are for it and the other half against it
61. The expression “eventual sadness of owning a pet.” (in paragraph 3) refers to .
A. the death of one's pet
B. the final ownership of a pet
C. the troubles one has to deal with in keeping a pet
D. the dangers involved in the cloning of a pet
62. In spite of their differences on the problem of cloning, it seems that .
A. all pet owners love their pets very much
B. all pet owners try to go against the natural law of life and death
C. people who support cloning love their pets more
D. people who dislike cloning love their pets more
63. From what Gary Kowalski says, we can know that he .
A. has never thought about the problem of cloning
B. thinks it hard to accept the idea of cloning pets
C. is in favor of the idea of cloning pets
D. is all against the cloning of pets
Key: DAAC
三. 书面表达
最近学校图书馆就阅览室订阅明年的英文报刊杂志向全校学生征求意见，请你就下列目录中选出你最喜爱的两种报刊或杂志。
杂志名称
英语周报 21世纪英文报
英语辅导报 海外英语
疯狂英语 中学生英语
[写作内容]
请按照以下要求用英语以书信形式给予答复。
1.选择适合你的报刊杂志并说明理由；
2.每位学生只能选择其中两份报刊杂志。
[写作要求]
1.必须使用5个句子表达全部的内容
2.信的开头和结尾已给出。
Dear Sir or Madame,
I'm glad to recommend my favorite English newspaper or magazine. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Key:
Dear Sir or Madame,
I'm glad to recommend my favorite English newspaper or magazine.
As a senior high school student, I like English Weekly best. Because it provide us students with sufficient exercises to master English and the background knowledge at the front page helps us further understand the passages in our textbooks. Besides, I am also fond of 21 Century. It's easy for us students to read the newspaper and we can read some fresh articles about current affairs, campus trends and so on. What's the most important is that we can improve our reading skill and enrich our vocabulary by reading this kind of newspaper.
Thank you very much.
Yours truly,
Li Ping
第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；
2.能够熟练运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。
一. 概述：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
(一). 分词的作用：
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
A lost opportunity never returns.
He is a retired worker.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
This is the question given.
There is nothing interesting.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The film is touching.
The glass is broken.
She looked tired with cooking.
He remained standing beside the table.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I smell something burning.
I heard him singing the song.
I heard my name called.
I can’t make myself understood in English.
I found my car missing.
I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
(二). 分词的时态
与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：
Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
做完作业，他出去散步。
(三). 分词的语态
通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：
He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人
She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：
a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
二. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
1.（2014安徽卷）While waiting for the opportunity to get???? , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote
2.（2014福建卷）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________. A. connected B.?connecting C.?to connect D.?to be connected
3.（2014四川卷）The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop
4.（2015陕西卷）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother________good care of at home. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken
5.（2014浙江卷 ）Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her. A. to appoint? B.appointing C. appointed D. having appointed
基础演练
1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
2. What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bough B. bought C. been bought D. buying.
4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading
5. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
巩固提高
6. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
7. ______ , liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
8. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
9. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
10. —I’m very______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
—Mm, it does have a ______ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
11.______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
14. ________ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
15. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
1. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared
2. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.
A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing
3. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced
4. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found
5. ________ to his work resulted in his great success.
A. Devoted B. Being devoted C. Devoting D. To devote
6. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. painted B. to be painted C. being painted D. to paint
7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.
A. to take back B. to be taken back C. taking back D. take back
8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. Joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join
9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.
A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazed
C. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed
10. I'm going through the composition he has just finished ________ the possible mistakes in it.
A. correct B. to correct C. having corrected D. corrected
11. This is the very plan that I'd like to see ________ in the next two months.
A. carry out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. carried out
12. On the bank of the river, we found him ________ on a beach, with his eyes ________ on a kite in the sky.
A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; fixed D. sitting; being fixed
13. He sat calmly on the platform, ________ to answer the question.
A. prepare B. Preparing C. prepared D. to prepare
14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
15. —Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as ________.
A. told B. being told C. Telling D. to be told
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. The supermarket next month will be the biggest one in the city.
A. completed B. being completed
C. to be completed D. having been completed
2. Victims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28.
A. is reported B. reported
C. reporting D. which reports
3. Do you know that the meeting this afternoon has been put
till next week?
A. to be held; off B. to be held; forward
C. held; off D. held; forward
4. I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party next weekend.
A. to be held B. being held
C. held D. is to be held
5. The tall building in the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel.
A. to built B. building
C. being built D. having built
6. A direct air route Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.
A. linking B. being linked C. link D. linked
7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better.
A. holding B. held
C. being held D. having held
8. The manager listened to the customers’ complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point.
A. not trying B. trying not
C. to try not D. not to try
9. We hurried all the way to the airport, only that the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather.
A. being told B. to be told
C. having told D. to have been told
10. that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced
C. To convince D. Having convinced
二. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful?
I can't tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about them in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated（复杂的） machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned 4 it all works together . Special chemicals, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways.
Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some penicillin（青霉素） 7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all drugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 .
Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a little while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your body has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to get 14 of the drug .
Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always more . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and stop its beating .
Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal（内在的） environment, and what goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?
1. A. make B. cause C. help D. let
2. A. funny B. different C. simple D. true
3. A. just B. really C. especially D. sometimes
4. A. as if B. even if C. where D. so that
5. A. powerful B. helpful C. painful D. helpless
6. A. high B. tall C. much D. hot
7. A. when B. until C. as D. before
8. A. Besides B. Thus C. However D. Naturally
9. A. at most B. at least C. at times D. at first
10. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. a lot
11. A. where B. before C. after D. until
12. A. worked B. worn C. appeared D. lost
13. A. number B. quantity C. amount D. price
14. A. some more B. nothing C. a little D. a few
15. A. guards B. medicine C. chemicals D. poisons
16. A. worries B. happiness C. freedom D. pride
17. A. lead B. block C. offer D. stick
18. A. places B. nature C. people D. environ
19. A. inside B. around C. outside D. next to
20. A. heart B. head C. body D. Mind
三. 阅读理解
As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day.
I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where they’re getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, it’s almost like why bother? I don’t know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, we’re way beyond that.
I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human culture in America is totally disconnected from that now.
It would be one thing if all this light were doing good. But the fact is that it’s having an impact on all these creatures from birds to turtles to insects that can’t do anything about it. They’re at our mercy.
There are so many things we could do to control it and to use it intelligently, that I like working with an issue that there are steps we can take immediately to address this problem.
1. It is implied in Para. 1 that night is when people .
A. can avoid the life pressure temporarily
B. get rid of the disaster of technology
C. experience the influence of culture
D. can imagine social practices freely
2. The example of light in Times Square proves that people can’t .
A. see 2, 500 stars on a normal night
B. learn about their life from a night sky
C. develop a relationship with nature at night
D. get anywhere without artificial light
3. According to the writer, American culture .
A. tells mainly about what a good life is
B. is closely related to the constellations
C. lacks the stories about the night sky
D. tends to tell people how to live
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Light pollution needs dealing with right away.
B. Night skies are polluted by artificial light.
C. The Milky Way is never to be seen again.
D. Species are endangered by light pollution.
第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；
2.能够熟练运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。
一. 概述：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
(一). 分词的作用：
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
A lost opportunity never returns.
He is a retired worker.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
This is the question given.
There is nothing interesting.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The film is touching.
The glass is broken.
She looked tired with cooking.
He remained standing beside the table.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I smell something burning.
I heard him singing the song.
I heard my name called.
I can’t make myself understood in English.
I found my car missing.
I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
(二). 分词的时态
与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：
Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
做完作业，他出去散步。
(三). 分词的语态
通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：
He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人
She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：
a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
二. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
1.（2014安徽卷）While waiting for the opportunity to get? ??? , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote 答案: B 解析: 本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。
2.（2014福建卷）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________. A. connected B.?connecting C.?to connect D.?to be connected 答案: A 解析: 系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联系。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。
3.（2014四川卷）The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 答案: C 解析: 此题考查的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。
4.（2015陕西卷）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother________good care of at home. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 答案: B 解析: 本句考察的是非谓语动词做宾语补足语的用法。句中动词take与his mother构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AC项，因为AC项都表示主动，D项不符合非谓语的结构。句义：......李博士很开心看到他的妈妈在家被照顾得很好。故B正确。
5.（2014浙江卷 ）Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her. A. to appoint? B.appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 答案: C 解析: 本句中的动词appoint任命与前面的名词nurse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语appointed to guard her做定语来修饰前面的名词nurse。句意：残疾的Annie Salmon整个上学期间都是由一名被指定帮助他的护士照顾的。ABD三项均表示的是主动关系。故C正确。
基础演练
1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
2. What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bough B. bought C. been bought D. buying.
4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading
5. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
Key: 1-5 DBBDB
巩固提高
6. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
7. ______ , liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
8. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
9. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
10. —I’m very______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
—Mm, it does have a ______ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
11.______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
14. ________ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
15. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
Key: 6-10 BCAAD 10-15 CCBCB
1. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared
2. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.
A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing
3. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced
4. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found
5. ________ to his work resulted in his great success.
A. Devoted B. Being devoted C. Devoting D. To devote
6. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. painted B. to be painted C. being painted D. to paint
7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.
A. to take back B. to be taken back C. taking back D. take back
8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. Joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join
9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.
A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazed
C. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed
10. I'm going through the composition he has just finished ________ the possible mistakes in it.
A. correct B. to correct C. having corrected D. corrected
11. This is the very plan that I'd like to see ________ in the next two months.
A. carry out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. carried out
12. On the bank of the river, we found him ________ on a beach, with his eyes ________ on a kite in the sky.
A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; fixed D. sitting; being fixed
13. He sat calmly on the platform, ________ to answer the question.
A. prepare B. Preparing C. prepared D. to prepare
14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
15. —Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as ________.
A. told B. being told C. Telling D. to be told
Key: 1-5 BBBCB 6-10 BDBCB 11-15 DCCBA
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. The supermarket next month will be the biggest one in the city.
A. completed B. being completed
C. to be completed D. having been completed
2. Victims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28.
A. is reported B. reported
C. reporting D. which reports
3. Do you know that the meeting this afternoon has been put
till next week?
A. to be held; off B. to be held; forward
C. held; off D. held; forward
4. I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party next weekend.
A. to be held B. being held
C. held D. is to be held
5. The tall building in the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel.
A. to built B. building
C. being built D. having built
6. A direct air route Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.
A. linking B. being linked C. link D. linked
7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better.
A. holding B. held
C. being held D. having held
8. The manager listened to the customers’ complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point.
A. not trying B. trying not
C. to try not D. not to try
9. We hurried all the way to the airport, only that the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather.
A. being told B. to be told
C. having told D. to have been told
10. that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced
C. To convince D. Having convinced
Key: 1-5 CBAAC 6-10 ADBBB
二. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful?
I can't tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about them in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated（复杂的） machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned 4 it all works together . Special chemicals, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways.
Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some penicillin（青霉素） 7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all drugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 .
Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a little while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your body has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to get 14 of the drug .
Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always more . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and stop its beating .
Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal（内在的） environment, and what goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?
1. A. make B. cause C. help D. let
2. A. funny B. different C. simple D. true
3. A. just B. really C. especially D. sometimes
4. A. as if B. even if C. where D. so that
5. A. powerful B. helpful C. painful D. helpless
6. A. high B. tall C. much D. hot
7. A. when B. until C. as D. before
8. A. Besides B. Thus C. However D. Naturally
9. A. at most B. at least C. at times D. at first
10. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. a lot
11. A. where B. before C. after D. until
12. A. worked B. worn C. appeared D. lost
13. A. number B. quantity C. amount D. price
14. A. some more B. nothing C. a little D. a few
15. A. guards B. medicine C. chemicals D. poisons
16. A. worries B. happiness C. freedom D. pride
17. A. lead B. block C. offer D. stick
18. A. places B. nature C. people D. environ
19. A. inside B. around C. outside D. next to
20. A. heart B. head C. body D. Mind
Key: 1-5 CCBDB 6-10 ACCBA 11-15 CBDAD 16-20 ABDAC
三. 阅读理解
As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day.
I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where they’re getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, it’s almost like why bother? I don’t know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, we’re way beyond that.
I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human culture in America is totally disconnected from that now.
It would be one thing if all this light were doing good. But the fact is that it’s having an impact on all these creatures from birds to turtles to insects that can’t do anything about it. They’re at our mercy.
There are so many things we could do to control it and to use it intelligently, that I like working with an issue that there are steps we can take immediately to address this problem.
1. It is implied in Para. 1 that night is when people .
A. can avoid the life pressure temporarily
B. get rid of the disaster of technology
C. experience the influence of culture
D. can imagine social practices freely
2. The example of light in Times Square proves that people can’t .
A. see 2, 500 stars on a normal night
B. learn about their life from a night sky
C. develop a relationship with nature at night
D. get anywhere without artificial light
3. According to the writer, American culture .
A. tells mainly about what a good life is
B. is closely related to the constellations
C. lacks the stories about the night sky
D. tends to tell people how to live
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Light pollution needs dealing with right away.
B. Night skies are polluted by artificial light.
C. The Milky Way is never to be seen again.
D. Species are endangered by light pollution.
Key: ABCA
第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；
2.能够熟练运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。
一. 概述：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
(一). 分词的作用：
作定语
单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
A lost opportunity never returns.
He is a retired worker.
分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
This is the question given.
There is nothing interesting.
过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：
The film is touching.
The glass is broken.
She looked tired with cooking.
He remained standing beside the table.
作宾语补足语
分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：
I smell something burning.
I heard him singing the song.
I heard my name called.
I can’t make myself understood in English.
I found my car missing.
I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。
作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到
strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断
all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：
Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。
(二). 分词的时态
与主语动词同时。如：
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
先于主语动词
分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：
Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.
做完作业，他出去散步。
(三). 分词的语态
通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：
He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人
She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。
不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：
a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球
a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴
二. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
1.（2014安徽卷）While waiting for the opportunity to get? ??? , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote 答案: B 解析: 本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。
2.（2014福建卷）For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________. A. connected B.?connecting C.?to connect D.?to be connected 答案: A 解析: 系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如get paid获得报酬。Get burnt被烫伤；本句中的stay connected保持联系。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。
3.（2014四川卷）The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort. A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 答案: C 解析: 此题考查的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语many new products的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。
4.（2015陕西卷）Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother________good care of at home. A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 答案: B 解析: 本句考察的是非谓语动词做宾语补足语的用法。句中动词take与his mother构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AC项，因为AC项都表示主动，D项不符合非谓语的结构。句义：......李博士很开心看到他的妈妈在家被照顾得很好。故B正确。
5.（2014浙江卷 ）Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _______ to guard her. A. to appoint? B.appointing C. appointed D. having appointed 答案: C 解析: 本句中的动词appoint任命与前面的名词nurse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语appointed to guard her做定语来修饰前面的名词nurse。句意：残疾的Annie Salmon整个上学期间都是由一名被指定帮助他的护士照顾的。ABD三项均表示的是主动关系。故C正确。
基础演练
1. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
2. What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bough B. bought C. been bought D. buying.
4. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A . read B. reads C. to read D. reading
5. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A . Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
Key: 1-5 DBBDB
巩固提高
6. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
7. ______ , liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
8. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
9. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
10. —I’m very______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
—Mm, it does have a ______ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
11.______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
13. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
14. ________ in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
15. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don't you give it a try?
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
Key: 6-10 BCAAD 10-15 CCBCB
1. ________ with Lei Feng, we still have a long way to go.
A. Comparing B. Compared C. To compare D. Being compared
2. I really like this song as it is often heard ________everywhere in China.
A. singing B. sung C. having sung D. to sing
3. ________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced C. To convince D. Having convinced
4. I came into the classroom, ________ my seat and sat down to read.
A. finding B. to find C. found D. to be found
5. ________ to his work resulted in his great success.
A. Devoted B. Being devoted C. Devoting D. To devote
6. The door ________ tomorrow will get dry the day after tomorrow.
A. painted B. to be painted C. being painted D. to paint
7. He could do nothing but ________ what he had said.
A. to take back B. to be taken back C. taking back D. take back
8. I flew to Paris this morning, my assistant ________ me there this Friday.
A. Joining B. to join C. will join D. wants to join
9. ________ Australia's relatively small population, its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was really ________.
A. Supposing; amazing B. Comparing; amazed
C. Considering; amazing D. Given; amazed
10. I'm going through the composition he has just finished ________ the possible mistakes in it.
A. correct B. to correct C. having corrected D. corrected
11. This is the very plan that I'd like to see ________ in the next two months.
A. carry out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. carried out
12. On the bank of the river, we found him ________ on a beach, with his eyes ________ on a kite in the sky.
A. seated; fixing B. sitting; fixing C. seated; fixed D. sitting; being fixed
13. He sat calmly on the platform, ________ to answer the question.
A. prepare B. Preparing C. prepared D. to prepare
14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
15. —Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as ________.
A. told B. being told C. Telling D. to be told
Key: 1-5 BBBCB 6-10 BDBCB 11-15 DCCBA
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
单项选择
1. The supermarket next month will be the biggest one in the city.
A. completed B. being completed
C. to be completed D. having been completed
2. Victims, in the news, who are infected with H7N9 have come up to 28.
A. is reported B. reported
C. reporting D. which reports
3. Do you know that the meeting this afternoon has been put
till next week?
A. to be held; off B. to be held; forward
C. held; off D. held; forward
4. I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party next weekend.
A. to be held B. being held
C. held D. is to be held
5. The tall building in the center of this area will be used as a 5-star hotel.
A. to built B. building
C. being built D. having built
6. A direct air route Chongqing and San Francisco is expected to open next month.
A. linking B. being linked C. link D. linked
7. We, a discussion with the teacher, came to understand the problem better.
A. holding B. held
C. being held D. having held
8. The manager listened to the customers’ complaints attentively with great patience, to miss any point.
A. not trying B. trying not
C. to try not D. not to try
9. We hurried all the way to the airport, only that the flight had been cancelled because of the foggy weather.
A. being told B. to be told
C. having told D. to have been told
10. that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country.
A. Convincing B. Convinced
C. To convince D. Having convinced
Key: 1-5 CBAAC 6-10 ADBBB
二. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What is in the drug that makes you sick or dead ? For example ,cocaine is harmful ,but what makes it harmful?
I can't tell you all about drugs ,but I can 1 you think about them in this 2 way. Your body is a very complicated（复杂的） machine, 3 a lot of chemical machinery, all of which is finally turned 4 it all works together . Special chemicals, which we call drugs ,can affect it in many different ways.
Some drugs are 5 when your body has a problem, as with disease-causing bacteria. Then someone may give you aspirin to keep your temperature from going too 6 or some penicillin（青霉素） 7 it stops the growth of some kinds of bacteria. 8 ,all drugs are really poison, 9 if you take too much ,so you must always use them 10 .
Why do some people take drugs like cocaine ? For a little while they seem to make you feel better ,or happier .But 11 their effects have 12 ,your body has to pay an extra 13 to get back to normal. That makes you want to get 14 of the drug .
Drugs like cocaine have their special effects because they act as 15 for your nervous system. They cut off some of your nerve pathways and take away some of your senses and your 16 .They make you want always more . And just a little too much can even 17 nerves to your heart and stop its beating .
Many of us worry about the 18 around us and what pollution does to us .How about your internal（内在的） environment, and what goes on 19 you ? You control that all by yourself in what you put into your 20 . Most drugs are pollutants .You would not want pollutants in the air and water around you . Why would you want pollutants in your body ?
1. A. make B. cause C. help D. let
2. A. funny B. different C. simple D. true
3. A. just B. really C. especially D. sometimes
4. A. as if B. even if C. where D. so that
5. A. powerful B. helpful C. painful D. helpless
6. A. high B. tall C. much D. hot
7. A. when B. until C. as D. before
8. A. Besides B. Thus C. However D. Naturally
9. A. at most B. at least C. at times D. at first
10. A. carefully B. easily C. carelessly D. a lot
11. A. where B. before C. after D. until
12. A. worked B. worn C. appeared D. lost
13. A. number B. quantity C. amount D. price
14. A. some more B. nothing C. a little D. a few
15. A. guards B. medicine C. chemicals D. poisons
16. A. worries B. happiness C. freedom D. pride
17. A. lead B. block C. offer D. stick
18. A. places B. nature C. people D. environ
19. A. inside B. around C. outside D. next to
20. A. heart B. head C. body D. Mind
Key: 1-5 CCBDB 6-10 ACCBA 11-15 CBDAD 16-20 ABDAC
三. 阅读理解
As with many aspects of modern life, light pollution represents both a triumph of technology and a minor disaster. It disrupts a basic relationship that has evolved between humans and the natural world. Historians such as A. Roger Ekrich have noted how darkness influenced cultural and social practices. The territory of intimacy and imagination, night can also carve out a refuge from the never-ending responsibilities of the day.
I remember recently being in Times Square, and there was so much light that it just felt like we were in a domed stadium almost, looking up at something totally artificial above us. When most Americans are living now in cities and suburbs where they’re getting anywhere from two dozen to four dozen stars instead of 2, 500, which is the number you could see on a normal night with no light pollution, it’s almost like why bother? I don’t know if most people even look up and notice the stars. And certainly way back, when a night sky was something that would tell you stories about your life, we’re way beyond that.
I have very good friends in New Mexico. I said to him it must be amazing here at night and I asked, do you have stories associated with the constellations for example? He said we have a whole legend filled with stories about how to live and what a good life is. Human culture in America is totally disconnected from that now.
It would be one thing if all this light were doing good. But the fact is that it’s having an impact on all these creatures from birds to turtles to insects that can’t do anything about it. They’re at our mercy.
There are so many things we could do to control it and to use it intelligently, that I like working with an issue that there are steps we can take immediately to address this problem.
1. It is implied in Para. 1 that night is when people .
A. can avoid the life pressure temporarily
B. get rid of the disaster of technology
C. experience the influence of culture
D. can imagine social practices freely
2. The example of light in Times Square proves that people can’t .
A. see 2, 500 stars on a normal night
B. learn about their life from a night sky
C. develop a relationship with nature at night
D. get anywhere without artificial light
3. According to the writer, American culture .
A. tells mainly about what a good life is
B. is closely related to the constellations
C. lacks the stories about the night sky
D. tends to tell people how to live
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Light pollution needs dealing with right away.
B. Night skies are polluted by artificial light.
C. The Milky Way is never to be seen again.
D. Species are endangered by light pollution.
Key: ABCA
