Unit 5 Inside advertising词汇篇
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1. 掌握本单元词汇及句型；
2. 掌握长难句的分析；
一．词汇
1. inform v. 告诉,通知 vi. 检举,告发 vt. 通知,告诉,向...报告
1) I wasn't informed of the decision until too late.
等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。
2) Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?
请您告诉我怎样去联络律师？
3) One of the criminals informed against/on the rest of the gang.
有一罪犯告发了同党。
4) Keep me informed (of/about what happens).
有事随时通知我。
5) “Some money is missing.” “Have you informed the police?”
“有些钱不见了.”“你报告警方了吗?”
6) Our only resort is to inform the police.
我们唯一的办法就是向警方报案。
7) If you see anything suspicious, inform the police at once.
你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。
8) Please inform me by letter of your plans.
请来信把你的计划告诉我。
2. fit in vt. 适合(适应)
1) A small bottle of liquor, shaped to fit in a pocket.
13盎司一瓶的威士忌酒一小瓶酒，形状适合于放在衣服口袋里。
2) However, remained because they were able to fit in with their surroundings.
然而，另一些物种继续生存下来，因为它们能适应环境。
3) They fit in there.
他们在那里很合适。
4) Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?
这些计画与你的安排一致吗?
5) He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in (with the other employees).
他以前从未做过这种工作, 我不知道他是否能（与其他雇员）配合好。
3. feature n. 特征,容貌 n. 特点,特色,特性
1) Her mouth is her best feature.
她的嘴是她容貌上最好看的部分。
2) Wet weather is a feature of life in this area.
天气潮湿是这个地区生活的一个特色。
3) Does a new job feature in your future plans?
新的工作在你的未来计画中十分重要吗?
4) His eyes are his most striking feature.
他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛。
5) This magazine will be running a special feature on education next week.
这一杂志下周要发表一篇关于教育的专题文章。
6) Such decoration was a typical feature of the baroque period.
这种装饰是巴罗克时期的特征。
7) The sole redeeming feature of this job is the salary.
这份工作唯其薪水尚可弥补一切之不足。
8) The personification of evil as a devil is a feature of medieval painting.
用魔鬼象征罪恶是中世纪绘画的特色。
4. broadcast n. 广播,广播节目 a. 广播的 v. 广播
1) The BBC broadcasts all over the world.
英国广播公司向全世界播送节目。
2) She broadcasts on current affairs.
她发表时事广播演说。
3) Here is a political party broadcast before an election.
这是某党派选举前的政治广播节目。
4) He broad-casts on current affairs.
他发表时事广播演说。
5) The chairman's speech will be broadcast nationwide.
主席的讲话将向全国广播。
6) The broadcast was recorded, not live.
这次广播是事先录音的，不是现场直播。
7) The Prime Minister set forth the aims of his government in a television broadcast.
首相在电视广播中公布了内阁的工作目标。
8) Before this play is broadcast several cuts must be made.
这个剧目播出前必须经过数次剪辑。
5. rely v. 信赖,倚赖,信任
1) We are relying on your decision.
我们相信你的判断。
2) I think I can come, but don't rely on it.
我想我能来，但还说不定。
3) They have to rely on the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
4) She cannot be relied on to tell the truth.
别指望她能说真话。
5) Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.
现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
6) You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend.
你放心好了, 本周末一定下雨。
7) I relied on you(r) coming early.
我指望你早来。
8) You can rely on me to keep your secret.
你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
6. rely on vt. 依靠(信赖)
1) They have to rely on the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
2) If Helen says she will complete the job on time you can always rely on her to deliver the goods.
如果海伦说她将按时完成任务的话，你可以永远信赖她，她会按时完成的。
3) Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。
4) Don't rely on him to do anything he's just a talker.
什么事都不要依靠他－－他光会说空话。
5) I think I can come, but don't rely on it.
我想我能来，但还说不定。
6) Charities rely on voluntary donations/contributions.
慈善事业依靠自愿捐赠。
7) I rely on my brother's words absolutely.
我绝对相信我哥哥的话。
8) You can rely on your solicitor's professionalism in dealing with the house purchase.
你尽可依靠律师处理购房事宜。
7. generate v. 产生,发生 [计算机] 产生
1) This hatred was generated by racial prejudice.
这种仇恨是由种族偏见引起的。
2) In fact, virtual reality is exploiting software and hardware of the computer to generate a simulation of an environment, such as an easeful classroom, a breathtaking action and so on.
实际上，虚拟现实就是利用计算机的软件和硬件去产生一种境界的仿真，如仿真一个学习场所，一次惊险的行为等等。
3) The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a number system.
乘方数被提升到各种乘方上，产生数字系统内基本计算规则的数字
4) It also allow you to log event and generate report on web activity.
也允许您记载事件并产生Web活动的报告。
8. murder v.&n. 谋杀,凶杀 vt. 谋杀
1) War is mass murder.
战争是一场大屠杀。
2) There have been several murders this year.
今年发生了好几起谋杀案。
3) My husband likes to read murder stories.
我丈夫喜欢阅读谋杀案小说。
4) He murdered the whole work.
他毁了全部工作。
5) That famous politician was murdered last year.
那位著名的政治家去年被谋杀了。
6) His parents and sister were all murdered by the terrorists.
他的父母和姐姐都是被恐怖分子杀害的。
7) It's murder trying to find a parking place for the car.
找个停车的地方比登天还难。
8) This hot weather's murder on my feet.
这种炎热的天气苦了我的脚。
9. appoint v. 任命,指定
1) They appointed him chairman.
他们任命他为主席。
2) He wasn't there at the appointed time.
他没有在指定的时间在那里。
3) They have appointed Smith/a new manager.
他们已经任用了史密斯[一位新经理]。
4) He was appointed to the vacant post.
他被委派填补那空缺。
5) Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson?
我们选派谁担任主席呢?
6) We must appoint somebody to act as secretary.
我们得指定一个人当秘书。
7) The company decided to appoint a new treasurer.
公司决定任命一位新司库。
10. raise n. 上升,高地,增高 v. 升起,举起,饲养
1) She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.
她举起一根手指放在唇边，示意肃静。
2) His long absence raised fears about his safety.
他长期不在引起了大家对他的安全的担心。
3) It's difficult raising a family on a small income.
依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。
4) I was raised by my aunt on a farm.
我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的。
5) I'm glad you raised that point.
你能把那一点指出来，我感到很高兴。
6) My win at chess raised my spirits a little.
我赢了这盘国际象棋才打起了一点精神。
7) I'll raise you!
我超过你（的赌注）!
8) Eyebrows were raised/There were many raised eyebrows when he shaved all his hair off.
他把头发剃光了, 人人见了都大吃一惊。
11. ban n. 禁令 v. 禁止 vt. 禁止,取缔
1) The people ask for a ban-the-bomb.
人门要求禁止使用核武器。
2) The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
3) There is a ban on smoking in the theatre.
这剧院内禁止吸烟。
4) He was banned from (attending) the meeting.
不准他出席该会议。
5) The play was banned (by the censor).
该剧本遭（审查员）查禁。
6) She's been banned from driving for six months.
已禁止她开车, 为期六个月。
7) The protesters showed their defiance of the official ban on demonstrations.
抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令。
8) A ban on the importation of drugs had been issued recently.
最近已经发布了禁止进口毒品的法令。
12. promote v. 促进,提升,升迁,促销
1) After this win, Manchester United was promoted to the First Division.
这次踢赢之后，曼彻斯特联队升入了甲级。
2) The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.
这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。
3) Exercise promotes health.
锻炼可增进健康。
4) The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
5) He was promoted to sergeant.
他已提升为中士。
6) We must promote commerce with neighboring countries.
我们必须促进与邻国的贸易。
7) He likes to read biographies of great men to promote himself.
他喜欢读伟人传记来提高自己。
8) The government decided to promote public welfare.
政府决定发展公共福利。
13. beware v. 小心,谨防
1) Beware of what you do with this dangerous substance.
你处理这些危险品时，可要当心。
2) Beware wet paint!
注意--油漆未干!
3) He told us to beware (of pickpockets, the dog, icy roads).
他告诉我们要当心（小偷、狗、结冰的道路）.
4) I was told to beware lest I injure him.
有人关照我，要我小心别伤害他。
5) Beware your hat, lest it should be blown away.
当心你的帽子别被吹走。
二．长难句理解
With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives，it is important to understand how advertisements work．
广告人用如此多的信息冲击我们的耳朵，了解一下广告运作确实重要。
句中with结构作状语，so many messages from advertisers是该结构的逻辑主语，filling our daily lives 是该结构的逻辑谓语，前后是逻辑住谓关系。
With结构的其他例子有：
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．
他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said．
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。
With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.
有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。
The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.
这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
With night coming on, we started for home.
夜幕降临，我们动身回家。
The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.
有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。
She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.
她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。（with被省略）
Adverts are not only made and paid for by business，but also by individualsorganizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.
不仅企业制作并支付广告付费，企图告之、教育大众的个人、组织和机构也可以制作并支付广告付费。
For example，adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group，so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group．
比如，青少年比起其他团体更愿意购买电脑游戏。所以，让电脑游戏广告吸引这群顾客就是明智之举。
So前后是并列句结构。
1) 表示对等关系的并列连词有：and，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，as well as，both．．．and，not only．．．but also。
如： This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate．
2) 表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：or，or else，otherwise，rather than，either．．．or。如： You should get the license right away，or you'll have to pay a fine．
3) 表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，on the other hand，on the contrary。
如： She is a funny girl，yet you can't help liking her．
4) 表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。
如： It was raining heavily，so the sports meeting was postponed．
However，it would be no use advertising products on radio if the ad relies on visualeffects．
然而，如果广告依赖视觉效果，通过广播做广告就没有用了。
advertising products on radio if the ad relies on visual effects是-ing分词短语做状语。用于下列结构中：It(There) is no use (good) +-ING分词，表示“无用”= It is of no use (good) to +V：
There(It) is no use advising him to give up smoking.
This is why governments all over the world pay a lot of money for ads on such things asroad safety．
这就是世界各地的政府花大钱做诸如道路交通安全的公益广告的缘故了
Why引导的表语从句。表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。表语从句也可用连接词how, when, where, why, what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“this/that/it is because”结构中。
例如：
A logarithm（对数）is what is known in algebra exponent（代数的指数）。
On thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable.
She works too hard. That is why she is exhausted.
I must point out that where you intend to build a super-market is where the elderly do exercise everyday.
They believe these adverts will affect the way people think about their driving habits and will subsequently reduce the number of road accidents．
他们相信，广告会影响人们对驾驶习惯的思考方式，最终将减少道路交通事故的数量。
Believe后面可以补一个that，and引导的是that宾语从句的第二个谓语。way后面省略了that，people think about their driving habits是定语从句修饰way。
先行词为way时，关系代词总是省略：
I don’t like the way (that) you talk to somebody else.
只有限定性定语从句才能省略关系代词，非限定性定语从句绝对不能省略：
The people (who) we met at the party were very friendly to us.
Here is the man (that) you have been looking for.
Shanghai is no longer the city (that) it used to be.
There is an old man (who) wants to see you.
1. (2015陕西西安月考)Children _______ to difficult situations are better at handing those ______ tasks.
A exposing; challenging B exposed; challenged
C exposed; challenging D exposing; challenged
2. （2015浙江温州联考）Early experiences taught me not to be overly ________about shopping by mobile phone because there is a high risk of being cheated.
A particular B enthusiastic C cautious D casual
3.（2014江西，29）I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ______ me.
A convince B inform C guarantee D refuse
4.（2014福建，26）---Could you tell me the _______of making such tasty cakes?
---Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A feature B plan C cost D trick
5. It is the way______ they walk _______makes people laugh.
A how; that B that; that C in which; which D /; which
6.（2015江苏阜宁月考）Many people seemed unbelievable when first _______(inform)of the earthquake.
基础演练
根据汉语或首字母填空
1. Miss Parrish recently placed an a________ in the local newspaper.
2. Have you joined the teachers’ _________(协会)?
3. Television news brings us v_________ images from around the world.
4. He has drunk one cup of coffee to r_______ himself.
5. 75% of France’s electricity is g_______ by nuclear reactors.
6. He finished the job at the e_______ of his health.
7. The President’s speech will be b_________ on all major networks at 6:00 this evening.
8. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this year’s b________.
9. She gave him back the money she’d stolen for the sake of her c________.
10. The workers are trying to apply the modern t________ to this traditional industry.
11. They a________ ten o’clock as the time for the conference.
12. He r_______ his eyes from his work.
13. B_______, buying a house is full of problem.
巩固提高
完成句子
1. I ______________people who complain all day.
我不喜欢整天抱怨的人。
2. We drew this conclusion __________ experiments.
我们是在实验的基础上得出这个结论的。
3. She doesn’t talk much, but what she says _______________.
她不多讲话，但言之有理。
4. ___________, we’d better change our plan.
换句话说，我们最好改变一下计划。
5. I ____________ the decision until it was too late.
等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。
6. We should not _________ our children ________ horrors.
我们不应该让孩子看恐怖片。
7. They have to ________ the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
8. If I gain any more weight, I shan’t be able to ____________ my clothes.
假如我的体重还要增加，我就穿不进我的衣服了。
9. In given conditions a bad thing can __________ a good one.
在一定条件下，坏事可以变好事。
10. Many young people have volunteered to reclaim the remote regions of their motherland ___________ the call of the Party.
许多青年人响应党的号召自愿去开垦祖国的边远地区。
1. The Red-cross Societies ______ $1000, 000 for the refugees who lost their houses in the tsunami.
A. supported B. kept C. rose D. raised
2. Teaching as a career ___ to many people because of the long holidays.
A. attracts B. calls C. appeals D. pulls3. It is no _____ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
4. — Why don’t you still understand this problem?
— The teacher didn’t have it _______ clearly.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
5. --- How do you feel about taking the job in Los Angeles?
??? --- ____? It’s the biggest company in the country.
A. How about you??????????????? B. How should I feel C. How do you?????????????????D. What
6. The Chinese ____ prefer tea to coffee.
A. almost ?? ?? ? B. nearly???? ???? C. most ? ?? ?D. mostly
7. My son is very shy, but can you imagine ____ at the English party?
? A. him sing???? ?? B. his singing?? C. him to sing??????? D. his to sing
8. He didn’t want to see anybody, so he spent six hours ____ in the small room.
A. locked???????? ? B. to lock????? C. locking??? ? ? D. being locked
9. ____ he told us is the news ____ China has got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games, ____, of course, made us feel very excited.
A. What; which; which??????????B. That; that; which C. What; that; which???????????D. That; that; what
10. Thank you very much. But for you, I ____ in the fight yesterday.
? A. would have been died?????????? B. would have been killed
C. should die???????????????????? D. would have killed
11. We have grown____ this house and would hate to leave.
A. attached to B. attaching to C. to attach to D. to be attached to
12. ____ everything ____ , she left the supermarket with satisfaction.
A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D .Because, to buy
13. I hope you will keep us ______ of how you are getting on with the work.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. to inform
14. I have often heard the ABC Song______, but I have never heard Alice _______it.
A. to be sung; to sing B. being sung; sang C. sang; singing D. sung; sing
15. The old man ___ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单选(2014丰台二模)
1. _______with care, the car can serve you more than ten years.
A. Driving B. Driven C. To drive D. Drive
2. There’s hardly any traffic and you ______really go fast.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
3. Twenty-fivecountries_______forhelpinthesearchforthemissingshipthesedays.
A. have asked B. was asked C. have been asked D. asked
4.——Could I use your computer this afternoon?
——Sorry, I _______ live football matches online.
A. will be watching B. will have watched C. have watched D. was watching
5. _______ hard for many years, Li Na harvested the rewards of her efforts.
A. To work B. Working C. Worked D. Having worked
6. You’d better stop smoking, _______ your health will break down.
A. and B. but C. or D. yet
7. Studying abroad gives you a chance _______ different cultures.
A. experiencing B. to experience C. experienced D. experience
8. It is worth considering _______ the Korean drama Man from the Stars is so popular in China.
A. why B. whether C. that D. which
9. ——Come to the movies with us.
——Good idea! I do need a break. I _______ so long.
A. study B. am studying C. have been studying D. studied
10. Easter is a happy holiday _______ children enjoy hunting for Easter eggs.
A. which B. where C. what D. when
11. Yuan Long ping takes up the research on farming for decades and this is ____ he devotes all his life to.
A. which B. how C. where D. what
12. ——Oh dear, you are all wet.
——I didn’t bring my umbrella. The weather report said it ______ sunny.
A. is B. would be C. will be D. had been
13. Seeing Michael so sad, I wish I _______ him the truth.
A. hadn’t told B. wouldn’t tell C. are not telling D. will not tell
14. ——Why did you come here?
——I moved here for the job. There was no work for me _______ I came from.
A. why B. what C. where D. how
15. _______the new diets, people with high blood pressure can live an active life.
A. In case of B. Instead of C. Except for D. Thanks to
二. 阅读理解
A
What is so amazing about giving blood?
The National Blood Service, which covers all of England and North Wales, needs nearly two and a half million blood donations each year. When you give blood, you’ll be doing one of the most amazing things anybody could dream of — saving a life.
___________________________
All types of blood are needed —not just rare ones. In fact, the commoner the blood type, the more are needed. So even if your blood is one of the most common types — group O for example — you can be sure that by donating three times a year, you really are doing something amazing.
What is the donation process?
The donation will last about an hour in all. When you arrive, you will be asked a few questions about your health. Then a drop of blood will be taken and tested just to make sure you’re not anemic(贫血). If all is well, your donation will be taken.
This only takes about ten minutes, during which time 470ml of blood will be collected. Most people hardly feel a thing. After a short rest, a drink and biscuits, you’ll be up and ready to go. All equipment used in the collection of your blood is new and is never reused, so you don’t have to worry about risks to your health in the collection of your blood.
Who can become a blood donor?
Becoming a blood donor really is very simple. As long as you’re in good health and aged between 17 and 60, you can become a blood donor. If you would like more information or advice, or you want to become a blood donor, ring the donor helpline on 0845 7711. The donor helpline is open 24 hours a day — every day of the year.
1. Which is the subtitle of Paragraph 2?
A. Why should you donate blood?
B. What types of blood are needed?
C. What should you consider before donation?
D. How many times a year can you donate blood?
2. Before giving blood, you will ________.
A. rest for a while B. wait for one day
C. fill in a form D. take a blood test
3. What does the passage tell us about the donation process?
A. It takes many hours.
B. It’s done on computer.
C. It doesn’t need equipment.
D. It won’t affect donors’ health.
4. The purpose of the writing is to _______.
A. introduce the National Blood Service
B. show the importance of donation
C. call on people to donate blood
D. remind people of the danger
B
A Mountain of Green Beans
Another envelope in the mail. There’s my name, Alexander Spencer, typed on the front. I throw it under the bed. The piles of envelopes are growing.
The envelopes were applications to all the colleges I was supposed to attend. I did open the first envelope. Then I saw the application, all those blank spaces I was supposed to fill with my own writing, spaces for my name and birth date and grade average and … statement of purpose. I looked at them for a long time. I could write for hours and not fill all those spaces. So I put the application back in the envelope. I would fill it out the next day, when I had time. But another envelope arrived. And then the pile began.
The pile scares me — it is really like a monster. All the while, I feel the weight of a million envelopes raining down on my head until my grandmother calls me and wants to know how I am.
“I am overcome by too many tasks ,”I say.
“Honey, you just take it bit by bit,” she says, and she reminds me about the green beans.
When I was a little kid I hated green beans. But my mom said I couldn’t leave the table until I ate ten green beans. All alone at the table, I stared at the green beans for what seemed like hours. It was a mountain of green beans. I couldn’t do it.
My grandma came to me and asked if I could eat one green bean.
“But Grandma, I have to eat ten!”
She said all I had to do was to eat one green bean. One tiny little green bean. So I ate one. It was bad, but not as bad as I’d thought it would be. Then she asked me again if I could eat one. So I ate one green bean nine more times.
My grandma doesn’t know about the envelopes, but she tells me anyone can do one thing every day.
Back in my room, I lay down on the bed. Just like I used to do when I was a little kid, I hang my head down to look at the pile of envelopes. There it is. But instead of a monster, I see a pile of green beans. Who’s afraid of green beans?
5. Envelopes are piling up because the author _______.
doesn’t know how to reply
feels bored of the paper work
doesn’t want to attend college
has been too busy to open them
6. What does the author learn from the story of the green beans?
A. A good start is half done.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. A long journey begins with a single step.
D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
7. What do you think the author will do next?
A. He will fill out the applications one after another.
B. He will go to the college that he dreams of.
C. He will throw away all the envelopes.
D. He will eat up the green beans.
C
Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.
One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position.
But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.
When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food.
Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator（天敌） is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack.
The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success!
8. According to the passage, we can learn that birds ___________.
A. move faster than cyclists
B. prefer to fly in a V formation
C. are smarter than other animals
D. play different roles in a formation
9. When food is sighted, ____________.
A. the group follows the discoverer
B. the lead bird decides what to do
C. the discoverer leaves the group
D. the whole group forms a stream
10. To protect themselves from attack, birds will _____________ .
A. break into groups B. come close together
C. change directions D. fly up and down
11. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. A Bird’s-Eye View of Teamwork.
B. Success Takes Care of Itself.
C. The Strongest Will Survive.
D. A Science Behind Flying.
D
A Myth
It is true that world population is growing, but this is not the cause of our current and future global problems. Believing this will cause us to ignore the real problem and risk long-term damage to our planet.
Let me start by explaining why overpopulation is a myth. For one thing, the UN Population Division regularly predicts population growth but provides a low variant (变量), medium variant, and high variant to factor in various possibilities. In the 2010 revision, their high variant suggests that the world population will be almost 16 billion in 2100, but the low variant predicts it will peak at 8 billion and decrease to just over 6 billion by 2100. In most cases, it is the low variant that has come true in the past, suggesting the same will be true of their future population predictions. In addition to this, the size of families is actually decreasing.
For another, if the Earth is overpopulated, there needs to be insufficient (短缺) food, water, and space for humans to live. However, Indian economist Raj Krishna estimates that India alone is able to increase crop produce to the point of providing the entire world’s food supply. The World Food Programme confirms that there is sufficient food grown to feed the world and there is the same amount of fresh water on the planet now as there was 10,000 years ago. So how is it possible that the number of people in the world is affecting our planet?
Therefore, it is not an increase in population but an increase in consumption that is a severe threat. Materialism and overconsumption are facts of life for everybody in the western world, as possessions reflect a person’s status in society and people strive to obtain happiness through owning the latest fashionable goods. Not only that,but waste is a common occurrence which has a huge effect on our resources. It is a sad truth that 80% of the world’s resources are currently used by just 20% of the world’s population.
Our overconsumption must be addressed now to make our lives more sustainable (可持续的) and avoid continuing the terrible damage to the environment we are causing. The key is education. If we do not work towards this but instead focus on the wrong issue, we may find ourselves living on a planet that can no longer sustain human life.
12. According to the author, what causes our current and future global problems?
A. The increase in population.
B. Shortage of food and water.
C. The fast growth of material needs.
D. Failure to protect the environment.
13. The underlined word “myth” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. fact B. misconception C. possibility D. uncertainty
14. The author stresses that _____.
A. people should save food and water
B. economists are making wrong predictions
C. wrong judgment leads to serious consequences
D. measures should be taken to reduce population
15. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. The real cause of global problems.
B. The severe effect of overpopulation.
C. Reasonable use of natural resources.
D. Methods to reduce overconsumption.
Unit 5 Inside advertising词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握本单元词汇及句型；
2. 掌握长难句的分析；
一．词汇
1. inform v. 告诉,通知 vi. 检举,告发 vt. 通知,告诉,向...报告
1) I wasn't informed of the decision until too late.
等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。
2) Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?
请您告诉我怎样去联络律师？
3) One of the criminals informed against/on the rest of the gang.
有一罪犯告发了同党。
4) Keep me informed (of/about what happens).
有事随时通知我。
5) “Some money is missing.” “Have you informed the police?”
“有些钱不见了.”“你报告警方了吗?”
6) Our only resort is to inform the police.
我们唯一的办法就是向警方报案。
7) If you see anything suspicious, inform the police at once.
你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。
8) Please inform me by letter of your plans.
请来信把你的计划告诉我。
2. fit in vt. 适合(适应)
1) A small bottle of liquor, shaped to fit in a pocket.
13盎司一瓶的威士忌酒一小瓶酒，形状适合于放在衣服口袋里。
2) However, remained because they were able to fit in with their surroundings.
然而，另一些物种继续生存下来，因为它们能适应环境。
3) They fit in there.
他们在那里很合适。
4) Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?
这些计画与你的安排一致吗?
5) He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in (with the other employees).
他以前从未做过这种工作, 我不知道他是否能（与其他雇员）配合好。
3. feature n. 特征,容貌 n. 特点,特色,特性
1) Her mouth is her best feature.
她的嘴是她容貌上最好看的部分。
2) Wet weather is a feature of life in this area.
天气潮湿是这个地区生活的一个特色。
3) Does a new job feature in your future plans?
新的工作在你的未来计画中十分重要吗?
4) His eyes are his most striking feature.
他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛。
5) This magazine will be running a special feature on education next week.
这一杂志下周要发表一篇关于教育的专题文章。
6) Such decoration was a typical feature of the baroque period.
这种装饰是巴罗克时期的特征。
7) The sole redeeming feature of this job is the salary.
这份工作唯其薪水尚可弥补一切之不足。
8) The personification of evil as a devil is a feature of medieval painting.
用魔鬼象征罪恶是中世纪绘画的特色。
4. broadcast n. 广播,广播节目 a. 广播的 v. 广播
1) The BBC broadcasts all over the world.
英国广播公司向全世界播送节目。
2) She broadcasts on current affairs.
她发表时事广播演说。
3) Here is a political party broadcast before an election.
这是某党派选举前的政治广播节目。
4) He broad-casts on current affairs.
他发表时事广播演说。
5) The chairman's speech will be broadcast nationwide.
主席的讲话将向全国广播。
6) The broadcast was recorded, not live.
这次广播是事先录音的，不是现场直播。
7) The Prime Minister set forth the aims of his government in a television broadcast.
首相在电视广播中公布了内阁的工作目标。
8) Before this play is broadcast several cuts must be made.
这个剧目播出前必须经过数次剪辑。
5. rely v. 信赖,倚赖,信任
1) We are relying on your decision.
我们相信你的判断。
2) I think I can come, but don't rely on it.
我想我能来，但还说不定。
3) They have to rely on the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
4) She cannot be relied on to tell the truth.
别指望她能说真话。
5) Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.
现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。
6) You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend.
你放心好了, 本周末一定下雨。
7) I relied on you(r) coming early.
我指望你早来。
8) You can rely on me to keep your secret.
你尽管相信我一定为你保密。
6. rely on vt. 依靠(信赖)
1) They have to rely on the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
2) If Helen says she will complete the job on time you can always rely on her to deliver the goods.
如果海伦说她将按时完成任务的话，你可以永远信赖她，她会按时完成的。
3) Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。
4) Don't rely on him to do anything he's just a talker.
什么事都不要依靠他－－他光会说空话。
5) I think I can come, but don't rely on it.
我想我能来，但还说不定。
6) Charities rely on voluntary donations/contributions.
慈善事业依靠自愿捐赠。
7) I rely on my brother's words absolutely.
我绝对相信我哥哥的话。
8) You can rely on your solicitor's professionalism in dealing with the house purchase.
你尽可依靠律师处理购房事宜。
7. generate v. 产生,发生 [计算机] 产生
1) This hatred was generated by racial prejudice.
这种仇恨是由种族偏见引起的。
2) In fact, virtual reality is exploiting software and hardware of the computer to generate a simulation of an environment, such as an easeful classroom, a breathtaking action and so on.
实际上，虚拟现实就是利用计算机的软件和硬件去产生一种境界的仿真，如仿真一个学习场所，一次惊险的行为等等。
3) The number that is raised to various powers to generate the principal counting units of a number system.
乘方数被提升到各种乘方上，产生数字系统内基本计算规则的数字
4) It also allow you to log event and generate report on web activity.
也允许您记载事件并产生Web活动的报告。
8. murder v.&n. 谋杀,凶杀 vt. 谋杀
1) War is mass murder.
战争是一场大屠杀。
2) There have been several murders this year.
今年发生了好几起谋杀案。
3) My husband likes to read murder stories.
我丈夫喜欢阅读谋杀案小说。
4) He murdered the whole work.
他毁了全部工作。
5) That famous politician was murdered last year.
那位著名的政治家去年被谋杀了。
6) His parents and sister were all murdered by the terrorists.
他的父母和姐姐都是被恐怖分子杀害的。
7) It's murder trying to find a parking place for the car.
找个停车的地方比登天还难。
8) This hot weather's murder on my feet.
这种炎热的天气苦了我的脚。
9. appoint v. 任命,指定
1) They appointed him chairman.
他们任命他为主席。
2) He wasn't there at the appointed time.
他没有在指定的时间在那里。
3) They have appointed Smith/a new manager.
他们已经任用了史密斯[一位新经理]。
4) He was appointed to the vacant post.
他被委派填补那空缺。
5) Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson?
我们选派谁担任主席呢?
6) We must appoint somebody to act as secretary.
我们得指定一个人当秘书。
7) The company decided to appoint a new treasurer.
公司决定任命一位新司库。
10. raise n. 上升,高地,增高 v. 升起,举起,饲养
1) She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.
她举起一根手指放在唇边，示意肃静。
2) His long absence raised fears about his safety.
他长期不在引起了大家对他的安全的担心。
3) It's difficult raising a family on a small income.
依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。
4) I was raised by my aunt on a farm.
我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的。
5) I'm glad you raised that point.
你能把那一点指出来，我感到很高兴。
6) My win at chess raised my spirits a little.
我赢了这盘国际象棋才打起了一点精神。
7) I'll raise you!
我超过你（的赌注）!
8) Eyebrows were raised/There were many raised eyebrows when he shaved all his hair off.
他把头发剃光了, 人人见了都大吃一惊。
11. ban n. 禁令 v. 禁止 vt. 禁止,取缔
1) The people ask for a ban-the-bomb.
人门要求禁止使用核武器。
2) The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
3) There is a ban on smoking in the theatre.
这剧院内禁止吸烟。
4) He was banned from (attending) the meeting.
不准他出席该会议。
5) The play was banned (by the censor).
该剧本遭（审查员）查禁。
6) She's been banned from driving for six months.
已禁止她开车, 为期六个月。
7) The protesters showed their defiance of the official ban on demonstrations.
抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令。
8) A ban on the importation of drugs had been issued recently.
最近已经发布了禁止进口毒品的法令。
12. promote v. 促进,提升,升迁,促销
1) After this win, Manchester United was promoted to the First Division.
这次踢赢之后，曼彻斯特联队升入了甲级。
2) The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.
这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。
3) Exercise promotes health.
锻炼可增进健康。
4) The organization works to promote friendship between nations.
该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
5) He was promoted to sergeant.
他已提升为中士。
6) We must promote commerce with neighboring countries.
我们必须促进与邻国的贸易。
7) He likes to read biographies of great men to promote himself.
他喜欢读伟人传记来提高自己。
8) The government decided to promote public welfare.
政府决定发展公共福利。
13. beware v. 小心,谨防
1) Beware of what you do with this dangerous substance.
你处理这些危险品时，可要当心。
2) Beware wet paint!
注意--油漆未干!
3) He told us to beware (of pickpockets, the dog, icy roads).
他告诉我们要当心（小偷、狗、结冰的道路）.
4) I was told to beware lest I injure him.
有人关照我，要我小心别伤害他。
5) Beware your hat, lest it should be blown away.
当心你的帽子别被吹走。
二．长难句理解
With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives，it is important to understand how advertisements work．
广告人用如此多的信息冲击我们的耳朵，了解一下广告运作确实重要。
句中with结构作状语，so many messages from advertisers是该结构的逻辑主语，filling our daily lives 是该结构的逻辑谓语，前后是逻辑住谓关系。
With结构的其他例子有：
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand．
他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open．
他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。
She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said．
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。
With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
With Mary to help him, he is sure to succeed.
有玛丽的帮助，他一定能成功。
The girl reached a river bank with so many flowers on both banks.
这个女孩来到了两岸开满鲜花的河边。
Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes.
妈妈眼含泪水看着我。
With night coming on, we started for home.
夜幕降临，我们动身回家。
The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.
小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。
With so much work to do, we had to sit up through the night.
有这么多工作要做，我们不得不彻夜不眠。
She ran to the hero, flowers in hand.
她手里拿着鲜花跑向这位英雄。（with被省略）
Adverts are not only made and paid for by business，but also by individualsorganizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.
不仅企业制作并支付广告付费，企图告之、教育大众的个人、组织和机构也可以制作并支付广告付费。
For example，adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group，so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group．
比如，青少年比起其他团体更愿意购买电脑游戏。所以，让电脑游戏广告吸引这群顾客就是明智之举。
So前后是并列句结构。
1) 表示对等关系的并列连词有：and，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，as well as，both．．．and，not only．．．but also。
如： This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate．
2) 表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：or，or else，otherwise，rather than，either．．．or。如： You should get the license right away，or you'll have to pay a fine．
3) 表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，on the other hand，on the contrary。
如： She is a funny girl，yet you can't help liking her．
4) 表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。
如： It was raining heavily，so the sports meeting was postponed．
However，it would be no use advertising products on radio if the ad relies on visualeffects．
然而，如果广告依赖视觉效果，通过广播做广告就没有用了。
advertising products on radio if the ad relies on visual effects是-ing分词短语做状语。用于下列结构中：It(There) is no use (good) +-ING分词，表示“无用”= It is of no use (good) to +V：
There(It) is no use advising him to give up smoking.
This is why governments all over the world pay a lot of money for ads on such things asroad safety．
这就是世界各地的政府花大钱做诸如道路交通安全的公益广告的缘故了
Why引导的表语从句。表语从句对主语的内容起解释和阐述的作用；若表语从句用that引起，that起连接作用，不能省略。表语从句也可用连接词how, when, where, why, what引起。由because引起的表语从句通常只用在“this/that/it is because”结构中。
例如：
A logarithm（对数）is what is known in algebra exponent（代数的指数）。
On thing I admire most about them is that they are hospitable.
She works too hard. That is why she is exhausted.
I must point out that where you intend to build a super-market is where the elderly do exercise everyday.
They believe these adverts will affect the way people think about their driving habits and will subsequently reduce the number of road accidents．
他们相信，广告会影响人们对驾驶习惯的思考方式，最终将减少道路交通事故的数量。
Believe后面可以补一个that，and引导的是that宾语从句的第二个谓语。way后面省略了that，people think about their driving habits是定语从句修饰way。
先行词为way时，关系代词总是省略：
I don’t like the way (that) you talk to somebody else.
只有限定性定语从句才能省略关系代词，非限定性定语从句绝对不能省略：
The people (who) we met at the party were very friendly to us.
Here is the man (that) you have been looking for.
Shanghai is no longer the city (that) it used to be.
There is an old man (who) wants to see you.
1. (2015陕西西安月考)Children _______ to difficult situations are better at handing those ______ tasks.
A exposing; challenging B exposed; challenged
C exposed; challenging D exposing; challenged
解析：句意“面对困境的孩子们更加擅长解决那些具有挑战性的任务”。考查非谓语动词。第一空修饰children，expose为及物动词，be exposed to…暴露于、、、、、、，故第一空用过去分词作后置定语；challenging adj.富有挑战性的，符合题意。
答案： C
2. （2015浙江温州联考）Early experiences taught me not to be overly ________about shopping by mobile phone because there is a high risk of being cheated.
A particular B enthusiastic C cautious D casual
解析：句意“早期的经历使我明白不要对手机购物有太大的热情因为被骗的风险很高”。Particular 尤其；enthusiastic 热情的；cautious 谨慎的；casual 非正式的，随意的。根据because there is a high risk of being cheated.可知选B。
答案： B
3.（2014江西，29）I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to ______ me.
A convince B inform C guarantee D refuse
解析：句意“我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证实它，你可能会令我相信”。Convince 使、、、、、、相信，使、、、、、、信服；inform 通知；guarantee 保证，担保；refuse 拒绝。根据句意选A。
答案： A；
4.（2014福建，26）---Could you tell me the _______of making such tasty cakes?
---Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A feature B plan C cost D trick
解析：句意“—你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗？—哦，我只不过是按照烹饪书里的说明做的”。考查名词辨析。feature 特征；plan 计划；cost 花费；trick 诀窍。
答案： D
5. It is the way______ they walk _______makes people laugh.
A how; that B that; that C in which; which D /; which
解析：句意“使人们大笑的是他们走路的方式”。考查定从和强调句。第一空引导定从，先行词为the way，可排除A。第二空为强调句，且强调事物，故用that。
答案： B
6.（2015江苏阜宁月考）Many people seemed unbelievable when first _______(inform)of the earthquake.
解析：句意“当首次被告知这次地震时，很多人好像不相信”。考查非谓语动词。when引导时间状语从句，即when they are first informed of the earthquake,省略从句中主语和系动词，故informed符合语境。
答案： informed
基础演练
根据汉语或首字母填空
1. Miss Parrish recently placed an a________ in the local newspaper.
2. Have you joined the teachers’ _________(协会)?
3. Television news brings us v_________ images from around the world.
4. He has drunk one cup of coffee to r_______ himself.
5. 75% of France’s electricity is g_______ by nuclear reactors.
6. He finished the job at the e_______ of his health.
7. The President’s speech will be b_________ on all major networks at 6:00 this evening.
8. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this year’s b________.
9. She gave him back the money she’d stolen for the sake of her c________.
10. The workers are trying to apply the modern t________ to this traditional industry.
11. They a________ ten o’clock as the time for the conference.
12. He r_______ his eyes from his work.
13. B_______, buying a house is full of problem.
Keys:
1. advert/ advertisement 2. association 3. visual 4. refresh 5. generated 6. expense
7. broadcast 8. budget 9. conscience 10. technique 11. appointed 12. raised 13. Beware
巩固提高
完成句子
1. I ______________people who complain all day.
我不喜欢整天抱怨的人。
2. We drew this conclusion __________ experiments.
我们是在实验的基础上得出这个结论的。
3. She doesn’t talk much, but what she says _______________.
她不多讲话，但言之有理。
4. ___________, we’d better change our plan.
换句话说，我们最好改变一下计划。
5. I ____________ the decision until it was too late.
等到我得知这项决定时，已经太迟了。
6. We should not _________ our children ________ horrors.
我们不应该让孩子看恐怖片。
7. They have to ________ the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
8. If I gain any more weight, I shan’t be able to ____________ my clothes.
假如我的体重还要增加，我就穿不进我的衣服了。
9. In given conditions a bad thing can __________ a good one.
在一定条件下，坏事可以变好事。
10. Many young people have volunteered to reclaim the remote regions of their motherland ___________ the call of the Party.
许多青年人响应党的号召自愿去开垦祖国的边远地区。
Keys:
1. have no use for 2. on the basis of 3. makes sense 4. In other words 5. wasn’t informed of
6. expose to 7. rely on 8.fit into 9. be turned into 10. in response to
1. The Red-cross Societies ______ $1000, 000 for the refugees who lost their houses in the tsunami.
A. supported B. kept C. rose D. raised
2. Teaching as a career ___ to many people because of the long holidays.
A. attracts B. calls C. appeals D. pulls3. It is no _____ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A. use B. help C. time D. way
4. — Why don’t you still understand this problem?
— The teacher didn’t have it _______ clearly.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
5. --- How do you feel about taking the job in Los Angeles?
??? --- ____? It’s the biggest company in the country.
A. How about you??????????????? B. How should I feel C. How do you?????????????????D. What
6. The Chinese ____ prefer tea to coffee.
A. almost ?? ?? ? B. nearly???? ???? C. most ? ?? ?D. mostly
7. My son is very shy, but can you imagine ____ at the English party?
? A. him sing???? ?? B. his singing?? C. him to sing??????? D. his to sing
8. He didn’t want to see anybody, so he spent six hours ____ in the small room.
A. locked???????? ? B. to lock????? C. locking??? ? ? D. being locked
9. ____ he told us is the news ____ China has got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games, ____, of course, made us feel very excited.
A. What; which; which??????????B. That; that; which C. What; that; which???????????D. That; that; what
10. Thank you very much. But for you, I ____ in the fight yesterday.
? A. would have been died?????????? B. would have been killed
C. should die???????????????????? D. would have killed
11. We have grown____ this house and would hate to leave.
A. attached to B. attaching to C. to attach to D. to be attached to
12. ____ everything ____ , she left the supermarket with satisfaction.
A. As, buying B. For, to buy C. With, bought D .Because, to buy
13. I hope you will keep us ______ of how you are getting on with the work.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. to inform
14. I have often heard the ABC Song______, but I have never heard Alice _______it.
A. to be sung; to sing B. being sung; sang C. sang; singing D. sung; sing
15. The old man ___ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked
Keys:
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.D5 .B 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.D
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单选(2014丰台二模)
1. _______with care, the car can serve you more than ten years.
A. Driving B. Driven C. To drive D. Drive
2. There’s hardly any traffic and you ______really go fast.
A. can B. must C. would D. need
3. Twenty-fivecountries_______forhelpinthesearchforthemissingshipthesedays.
A. have asked B. was asked C. have been asked D. asked
4.——Could I use your computer this afternoon?
——Sorry, I _______ live football matches online.
A. will be watching B. will have watched C. have watched D. was watching
5. _______ hard for many years, Li Na harvested the rewards of her efforts.
A. To work B. Working C. Worked D. Having worked
6. You’d better stop smoking, _______ your health will break down.
A. and B. but C. or D. yet
7. Studying abroad gives you a chance _______ different cultures.
A. experiencing B. to experience C. experienced D. experience
8. It is worth considering _______ the Korean drama Man from the Stars is so popular in China.
A. why B. whether C. that D. which
9. ——Come to the movies with us.
——Good idea! I do need a break. I _______ so long.
A. study B. am studying C. have been studying D. studied
10. Easter is a happy holiday _______ children enjoy hunting for Easter eggs.
A. which B. where C. what D. when
11. Yuan Long ping takes up the research on farming for decades and this is ____ he devotes all his life to.
A. which B. how C. where D. what
12. ——Oh dear, you are all wet.
——I didn’t bring my umbrella. The weather report said it ______ sunny.
A. is B. would be C. will be D. had been
13. Seeing Michael so sad, I wish I _______ him the truth.
A. hadn’t told B. wouldn’t tell C. are not telling D. will not tell
14. ——Why did you come here?
——I moved here for the job. There was no work for me _______ I came from.
A. why B. what C. where D. how
15. _______the new diets, people with high blood pressure can live an active life.
A. In case of B. Instead of C. Except for D. Thanks to
二. 阅读理解
A
What is so amazing about giving blood?
The National Blood Service, which covers all of England and North Wales, needs nearly two and a half million blood donations each year. When you give blood, you’ll be doing one of the most amazing things anybody could dream of — saving a life.
___________________________
All types of blood are needed —not just rare ones. In fact, the commoner the blood type, the more are needed. So even if your blood is one of the most common types — group O for example — you can be sure that by donating three times a year, you really are doing something amazing.
What is the donation process?
The donation will last about an hour in all. When you arrive, you will be asked a few questions about your health. Then a drop of blood will be taken and tested just to make sure you’re not anemic(贫血). If all is well, your donation will be taken.
This only takes about ten minutes, during which time 470ml of blood will be collected. Most people hardly feel a thing. After a short rest, a drink and biscuits, you’ll be up and ready to go. All equipment used in the collection of your blood is new and is never reused, so you don’t have to worry about risks to your health in the collection of your blood.
Who can become a blood donor?
Becoming a blood donor really is very simple. As long as you’re in good health and aged between 17 and 60, you can become a blood donor. If you would like more information or advice, or you want to become a blood donor, ring the donor helpline on 0845 7711. The donor helpline is open 24 hours a day — every day of the year.
1. Which is the subtitle of Paragraph 2?
A. Why should you donate blood?
B. What types of blood are needed?
C. What should you consider before donation?
D. How many times a year can you donate blood?
2. Before giving blood, you will ________.
A. rest for a while B. wait for one day
C. fill in a form D. take a blood test
3. What does the passage tell us about the donation process?
A. It takes many hours.
B. It’s done on computer.
C. It doesn’t need equipment.
D. It won’t affect donors’ health.
4. The purpose of the writing is to _______.
A. introduce the National Blood Service
B. show the importance of donation
C. call on people to donate blood
D. remind people of the danger
B
A Mountain of Green Beans
Another envelope in the mail. There’s my name, Alexander Spencer, typed on the front. I throw it under the bed. The piles of envelopes are growing.
The envelopes were applications to all the colleges I was supposed to attend. I did open the first envelope. Then I saw the application, all those blank spaces I was supposed to fill with my own writing, spaces for my name and birth date and grade average and … statement of purpose. I looked at them for a long time. I could write for hours and not fill all those spaces. So I put the application back in the envelope. I would fill it out the next day, when I had time. But another envelope arrived. And then the pile began.
The pile scares me — it is really like a monster. All the while, I feel the weight of a million envelopes raining down on my head until my grandmother calls me and wants to know how I am.
“I am overcome by too many tasks ,”I say.
“Honey, you just take it bit by bit,” she says, and she reminds me about the green beans.
When I was a little kid I hated green beans. But my mom said I couldn’t leave the table until I ate ten green beans. All alone at the table, I stared at the green beans for what seemed like hours. It was a mountain of green beans. I couldn’t do it.
My grandma came to me and asked if I could eat one green bean.
“But Grandma, I have to eat ten!”
She said all I had to do was to eat one green bean. One tiny little green bean. So I ate one. It was bad, but not as bad as I’d thought it would be. Then she asked me again if I could eat one. So I ate one green bean nine more times.
My grandma doesn’t know about the envelopes, but she tells me anyone can do one thing every day.
Back in my room, I lay down on the bed. Just like I used to do when I was a little kid, I hang my head down to look at the pile of envelopes. There it is. But instead of a monster, I see a pile of green beans. Who’s afraid of green beans?
5. Envelopes are piling up because the author _______.
doesn’t know how to reply
feels bored of the paper work
doesn’t want to attend college
has been too busy to open them
6. What does the author learn from the story of the green beans?
A. A good start is half done.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. A long journey begins with a single step.
D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
7. What do you think the author will do next?
A. He will fill out the applications one after another.
B. He will go to the college that he dreams of.
C. He will throw away all the envelopes.
D. He will eat up the green beans.
C
Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.
One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position.
But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.
When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food.
Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator（天敌） is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack.
The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success!
8. According to the passage, we can learn that birds ___________.
A. move faster than cyclists
B. prefer to fly in a V formation
C. are smarter than other animals
D. play different roles in a formation
9. When food is sighted, ____________.
A. the group follows the discoverer
B. the lead bird decides what to do
C. the discoverer leaves the group
D. the whole group forms a stream
10. To protect themselves from attack, birds will _____________ .
A. break into groups B. come close together
C. change directions D. fly up and down
11. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. A Bird’s-Eye View of Teamwork.
B. Success Takes Care of Itself.
C. The Strongest Will Survive.
D. A Science Behind Flying.
D
A Myth
It is true that world population is growing, but this is not the cause of our current and future global problems. Believing this will cause us to ignore the real problem and risk long-term damage to our planet.
Let me start by explaining why overpopulation is a myth. For one thing, the UN Population Division regularly predicts population growth but provides a low variant (变量), medium variant, and high variant to factor in various possibilities. In the 2010 revision, their high variant suggests that the world population will be almost 16 billion in 2100, but the low variant predicts it will peak at 8 billion and decrease to just over 6 billion by 2100. In most cases, it is the low variant that has come true in the past, suggesting the same will be true of their future population predictions. In addition to this, the size of families is actually decreasing.
For another, if the Earth is overpopulated, there needs to be insufficient (短缺) food, water, and space for humans to live. However, Indian economist Raj Krishna estimates that India alone is able to increase crop produce to the point of providing the entire world’s food supply. The World Food Programme confirms that there is sufficient food grown to feed the world and there is the same amount of fresh water on the planet now as there was 10,000 years ago. So how is it possible that the number of people in the world is affecting our planet?
Therefore, it is not an increase in population but an increase in consumption that is a severe threat. Materialism and overconsumption are facts of life for everybody in the western world, as possessions reflect a person’s status in society and people strive to obtain happiness through owning the latest fashionable goods. Not only that,but waste is a common occurrence which has a huge effect on our resources. It is a sad truth that 80% of the world’s resources are currently used by just 20% of the world’s population.
Our overconsumption must be addressed now to make our lives more sustainable (可持续的) and avoid continuing the terrible damage to the environment we are causing. The key is education. If we do not work towards this but instead focus on the wrong issue, we may find ourselves living on a planet that can no longer sustain human life.
12. According to the author, what causes our current and future global problems?
A. The increase in population.
B. Shortage of food and water.
C. The fast growth of material needs.
D. Failure to protect the environment.
13. The underlined word “myth” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. fact B. misconception C. possibility D. uncertainty
14. The author stresses that _____.
A. people should save food and water
B. economists are making wrong predictions
C. wrong judgment leads to serious consequences
D. measures should be taken to reduce population
15. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. The real cause of global problems.
B. The severe effect of overpopulation.
C. Reasonable use of natural resources.
D. Methods to reduce overconsumption.
Keys:
一. 1-5 BACAD 6-10 CBACD 11-15 DBACD
二. 1-5 BDDCB 6-10 CADAB 11-15 ACBCA
Unit 5 Inside advertising语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握宾语补足语的定义及构成；
2. 掌握非谓语动词作宾语补足语的运用；
3. 区分复合宾语与宾语补足语，并掌握其定义；
一. 宾语补足语的定义及构成
宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、-ing形式和过去分词。
二. 可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：
1. 名词：
We made him our monitor.
They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。
注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：
They elected John chairman of the committee.
2. 形容词：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。
3. 副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：
When do you want it back?
Why didn’t you invite them in?
We could hear the children at play outside.
4. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语结构，看及物动词。
第一类, 感觉动词, 所接的宾补可以是v-ing形式,也可以是动词原形。see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。但变为被动语态时，不定式要带to.
1) I saw him cross/ crossing the road.
2) He was seen to cross/ crossing the road.
第二类, 含使动意义的动词, 所接的宾补多为动词原形或过去分词。let, have, get, make, would like, want等。
1) If Mr. Smith is in the hall, will he please make himself known to me?
2) It makes people know the importance of protecting environment.
3) The machine doesn’t work. I must have it repaired right now.
第三类, 含命名意义的动词, 所接的宾补一般是名词。call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
1) Call me Joe, please.
2) She was elected the president of the company.
第四类, v + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词, 所接的宾补一般是不定式。wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for // think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。
第五类, find, keep, leave, make 等几个词的用法非常灵活, 后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。
1) We found it very difficult to solve the problem.
2) How can you keep them waiting for so long?
3) Keep the door closed.
三. 宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：
1. 当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：
We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.)
You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.)
We could hear the children at play outside. (The children are at play outside.)
2. 当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
I once heard this song sung in Japanese.
(This song was once sung in Japanese.)
I didn’t want the children taken out in such weather.
(The children were taken out in such weather.)
四. 复合宾语
在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
Do you consider it any good trying again?
We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。
1. Let those in need ________ that we will go all out to help them.
A to understand B understand C understanding D understood
2. I looked up and noticed a snake _______its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A to wind B wind C winding D wound
3. When we saw the road _______ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A block B to block C blocking D blocked
4. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.
A thinking of B to think of C thought of D think of
5. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A lose B lost C to lose D having lost
基础演练
一. 单句改错
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself understand.
2. We all elected Jason the monitor.
3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.
4. --- What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!
--- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.
5. Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
6. He pushed the door opening.
7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
9. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.
10. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.
二. 所给词正确形式填空
1. I saw him _____ (enter) the room, _____ (take) something and ___ (go) out.
2. Please have these boxes _______ (carry) to the station right now.
3. They found an old woman _____ (lie) on the ground.
4. You’d better get a doctor _______ (pull) out your bad tooth.
5. He sat listening to her _________ (climb) the stairs.
6. It’s so cold today; we must keep the fire _______ (burn).
7. I don’t want that kind of thing ______ (keep) happening.
8. He asked for the letter _________ (send) at once.
9. The workers were made _______ (work) extra hours every day.
10. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ________ (expose).
巩固提高
一. 单选
1. Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
2. He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
3. --- Is Bob still performing?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
4. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
5. I really can’t understand _____ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
6. AIDS is said __ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that is has been D. to have been
7. Energy drinks are not allowed _____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making
8.— Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.
A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
9. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
10. The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
11. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
12. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.?
A. being run?????? B. run? C. to run??????? D. running
13. Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
14. Alexander tried to get his work _____ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
15. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _____ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
二. 完成句子
1. I was absent-minded when I suddenly ____________________ (听到喊我的名字).
2. He had a strange way of ____________________________________ (使他的课生动有趣).
3. The little girl doesn’t know how to __________________(讲清楚自己的意思).
4. We found everything in the lab _____________ (井然有序).
5. I won’t have him ________________ (那样骗我).
6. The poor guy watched his bed ____________________ (被搬出屋去).
7. The guards ordered us _____________ (立刻离开).
1. The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
2. I feel ____ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
A. that B. how C. it D. what
3. It is wise to have some money ___ for old age.
A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up
4. He slipped into the room, without himself ____.
A. seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
5. He found the street much ____.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly
6. I think ___ necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
8. You can’t have the horse _____ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running
9. When I came back, I found the house _____ and everything _____.
A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away
C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away
10. I heard that you were elected _____ this time.
A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor
11. For a time his grandmother found _____ accept his new idea.
A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to
12. When I came back, I found nobody ______. It was empty.
A. on B. out C. in D. away
13. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
14. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
15.----There’s a hole in your bag.
---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
16. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
17. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
18. I found the door _____ when I got home.
A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
19. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to
20. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
21. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled?????? ?B. settling????? ?C. to settle?? ??D. being settled
22. I advised _____ at once.
A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
23. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating
24. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
25. He managed to make himself____ with his____ English.
A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
26. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ______.
A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 完型填空(2014丰台二模)
The Hard Truth
One day, Marissa noticed a spider web, shining in the sunlight. A spider was spinning 1 on it. The spider wasn’t trying to be something else, like a butterfly or a bee, Marissa thought. It was happy to be exactly what it was and to do what it was good at.
What came naturally to Marissa was 2 . She could paint or draw all day long and never get bored. However, a few weeks ago Marissa signed up for high jump. Because her mother had been a high jump 3 in school, she thought it would make her mother happy. But now she 4 that however hard she worked, she would never be a high jump star like her mother.
One night, halfway through her homework, Marissa fell 5 .When she woke up, the clock read 1:00 A.M. Marissa got into a panic. There was still so much 6 to do, but she really needed her rest for track practice. Marissa had always been a good student, but now track was risking her 7 .
Then a dark thought crossed Marissa’s mind. If she 8 some of her classes, she would be off the track team. That was one way to solve her problem.
After a week of 9 her homework, letters had been mailed out to parents listing grades, and Marissa knew the letters would show that her grades had 10 a lot. She walked home with slow heavy steps, knowing her 11 plan had worked.
Just as Marissa had 12 , her mother was waiting with the 13 in her hand. “What’s happening to your grades? And more importantly, what’s happening to you?” she asked.
With tears in her eyes, Marissa admitted her 14 . “I only joined the track team to make you proud of me. I hated it , 15 I didn’t want to disappoint you. I thought if I were failing in my classes, Coach would kick me off the team. What a 16 I’ve made of everything.”
Marissa watched her mother’s face turn from anger to 17 . “Marissa, I was always proud of you. You didn’t need to do the high jump to make me happy. Now you have a lot of hard work in front of you because you made a bad 18 .”
Marissa thought again about the spider. She realized she had lost sight of her 19 and twisted her web. Now she had to go back and 20 that web.
1. A. webs B. clothes C. balls D. boxes
2. A. music B. art C. sport D. dance
3. A. coach B. fan C. teacher D. star
4. A. realized B. wondered C. insisted D. remembered
5. A. ill B. silent C. asleep D. apart
6. A. homework B. research C. housework D. practice
7. A. health B. life C. grades D. images
8. A. gave B. took C. attended D. failed
9. A. completing B. ignoring C. preparing D. copying
10. A. risen B. meant C. dropped D. improved
11. A. ugly B. perfect C. simple D. serious
12. A. doubted B. suspected C. acted D. said
13. A. painting B. clock C. phone D. letter
14. A. feeling B. weakness C. secret D. excuse
15. A. and B. so C. or D. but
16. A. surprise B. scare C. mess D. joke
17. A. delight B. concern C. embarrassment D. disappointment
18. A. speech B. stop C. jump D. choice
19. A. balance B. example C. purpose D. success
20. A. rebuild B. break C. find D. review
二. 书面表达
第一节
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。请你根据以下信息回信。
1. 多跟同学交流沟通；
2. 积极参加学校活动；
3. 向老师寻求帮助。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 情景作文
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了上周五你在放学路上，撞倒一位骑车老人并实施救助的过程。请根据图片的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记。
注意： 1．文章的开头已为你写好；
2．词数不少于60。
Last Friday ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Unit 5 Inside advertising语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握宾语补足语的定义及构成；
2. 掌握非谓语动词作宾语补足语的运用；
3. 区分复合宾语与宾语补足语，并掌握其定义；
一. 宾语补足语的定义及构成
宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、-ing形式和过去分词。
二. 可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：
1. 名词：
We made him our monitor.
They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
注①：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。
注②：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：
They elected John chairman of the committee.
2. 形容词：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut 等。
3. 副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：
When do you want it back?
Why didn’t you invite them in?
We could hear the children at play outside.
4. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语结构，看及物动词。
第一类, 感觉动词, 所接的宾补可以是v-ing形式,也可以是动词原形。see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。但变为被动语态时，不定式要带to.
1) I saw him cross/ crossing the road.
2) He was seen to cross/ crossing the road.
第二类, 含使动意义的动词, 所接的宾补多为动词原形或过去分词。let, have, get, make, would like, want等。
1) If Mr. Smith is in the hall, will he please make himself known to me?
2) It makes people know the importance of protecting environment.
3) The machine doesn’t work. I must have it repaired right now.
第三类, 含命名意义的动词, 所接的宾补一般是名词。call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
1) Call me Joe, please.
2) She was elected the president of the company.
第四类, v + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词, 所接的宾补一般是不定式。wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for // think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。
第五类, find, keep, leave, make 等几个词的用法非常灵活, 后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。
1) We found it very difficult to solve the problem.
2) How can you keep them waiting for so long?
3) Keep the door closed.
三. 宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：
1. 当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时，它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系（或称表语关系），若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较：
We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.)
You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.)
We could hear the children at play outside. (The children are at play outside.)
2. 当过去分词充当宾语补足语时，它与宾语之间有着动宾关系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
I once heard this song sung in Japanese.
(This song was once sung in Japanese.)
I didn’t want the children taken out in such weather.
(The children were taken out in such weather.)
四. 复合宾语
在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
Do you consider it any good trying again?
We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。
1. Let those in need ________ that we will go all out to help them.
A to understand B understand C understanding D understood
解析：句意“让那些生活困难的人明白我们会尽全力去帮助他们”。考查非谓语动词作补语。根据let sb. do结构选B。
答案： B
2. I looked up and noticed a snake _______its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A to wind B wind C winding D wound
解析：句意“我抬起头，看到一条蛇为了捕食早餐，正在蜿蜒着向树上爬行”。考查非谓语动词作宾补。notice后接不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语，故排除A。D为动词过去分词形式，不符合题意。省去to的不定式作notice的宾补，表示动作全过程；现在分词表示动作正在发生。根据语境，选C。
答案：C
3. When we saw the road _______ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A block B to block C blocking D blocked
解析：句意“当我们看到马路被大雪堵住时，我们决定在家度过假期”。考查非谓语动词作宾补。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是road，两者为被动关系，故选D。
答案： D
4. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.
A thinking of B to think of C thought of D think of
解析：句意“Peter在公共场合讲话时，总难找到合适的话语”。考查非谓语动词。have trouble/ difficulty/ problems (in) doing sth.是常用结构。
答案： A
5. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.
A lose B lost C to lose D having lost
解析：句意“甚至最好的作家有时也发现自己词穷”。考查非谓语动词作宾补。(be) lost for words表示“难以用言语表达”。
答案： B
基础演练
一. 单句改错
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself understand.
2. We all elected Jason the monitor.
3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.
4. --- What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!
--- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.
5. Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
6. He pushed the door opening.
7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
9. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.
10. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.
二. 所给词正确形式填空
1. I saw him _____ (enter) the room, _____ (take) something and ___ (go) out.
2. Please have these boxes _______ (carry) to the station right now.
3. They found an old woman _____ (lie) on the ground.
4. You’d better get a doctor _______ (pull) out your bad tooth.
5. He sat listening to her _________ (climb) the stairs.
6. It’s so cold today; we must keep the fire _______ (burn).
7. I don’t want that kind of thing ______ (keep) happening.
8. He asked for the letter _________ (send) at once.
9. The workers were made _______ (work) extra hours every day.
10. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ________ (expose).
keys:
一. 1. understand改为understood 2. 去掉the 3. not后加to 4. 答语中warmly改为warm
5. run改为running 6. opening改为open 7. put 改为putting 8. settle前加to
9. hide改为hidden 10. of改为with
二. 1. enter； take； go 2. carried 3. lying 4. to pull 5. climbing 6. burning 7. to keep
8. to be sent 9. to work 10. exposed
巩固提高
一. 单选
1. Don’t leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
2. He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
3. --- Is Bob still performing?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
4. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ______ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
5. I really can’t understand _____ her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating
6. AIDS is said __ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be C. that is has been D. to have been
7. Energy drinks are not allowed _____ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making
8.— Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.
A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
9. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period.
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
10. The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up
11. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
12. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.?
A. being run?????? B. run? C. to run??????? D. running
13. Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help?
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
14. Alexander tried to get his work _____ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
15. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _____ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
二. 完成句子
1. I was absent-minded when I suddenly ____________________ (听到喊我的名字).
2. He had a strange way of ____________________________________ (使他的课生动有趣).
3. The little girl doesn’t know how to __________________(讲清楚自己的意思).
4. We found everything in the lab _____________ (井然有序).
5. I won’t have him ________________ (那样骗我).
6. The poor guy watched his bed ____________________ (被搬出屋去).
7. The guards ordered us _____________ (立刻离开).
Keys:
一. BDADD DBDAC CDADA
二. 1. heard my name called 2. making his classes living and interesting 3. get her ideas cross
4. in good order 5. cheat me like that 6. carried out of the room 7. to leave at once
1. The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
2. I feel ____ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
A. that B. how C. it D. what
3. It is wise to have some money ___ for old age.
A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up
4. He slipped into the room, without himself ____.
A. seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
5. He found the street much ____.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly
6. I think ___ necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
8. You can’t have the horse _____ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running
9. When I came back, I found the house _____ and everything _____.
A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away
C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away
10. I heard that you were elected _____ this time.
A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor
11. For a time his grandmother found _____ accept his new idea.
A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to
12. When I came back, I found nobody ______. It was empty.
A. on B. out C. in D. away
13. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
14. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
15.----There’s a hole in your bag.
---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
16. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
17. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
18. I found the door _____ when I got home.
A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
19. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to
20. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
21. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled?????? ?B. settling????? ?C. to settle?? ??D. being settled
22. I advised _____ at once.
A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
23. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating
24. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
25. He managed to make himself____ with his____ English.
A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
26. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ______.
A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing
Keys：
ACABC BBCBA CCDBC CDDBC CBCBD B
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一. 完型填空(2014丰台二模)
The Hard Truth
One day, Marissa noticed a spider web, shining in the sunlight. A spider was spinning 1 on it. The spider wasn’t trying to be something else, like a butterfly or a bee, Marissa thought. It was happy to be exactly what it was and to do what it was good at.
What came naturally to Marissa was 2 . She could paint or draw all day long and never get bored. However, a few weeks ago Marissa signed up for high jump. Because her mother had been a high jump 3 in school, she thought it would make her mother happy. But now she 4 that however hard she worked, she would never be a high jump star like her mother.
One night, halfway through her homework, Marissa fell 5 .When she woke up, the clock read 1:00 A.M. Marissa got into a panic. There was still so much 6 to do, but she really needed her rest for track practice. Marissa had always been a good student, but now track was risking her 7 .
Then a dark thought crossed Marissa’s mind. If she 8 some of her classes, she would be off the track team. That was one way to solve her problem.
After a week of 9 her homework, letters had been mailed out to parents listing grades, and Marissa knew the letters would show that her grades had 10 a lot. She walked home with slow heavy steps, knowing her 11 plan had worked.
Just as Marissa had 12 , her mother was waiting with the 13 in her hand. “What’s happening to your grades? And more importantly, what’s happening to you?” she asked.
With tears in her eyes, Marissa admitted her 14 . “I only joined the track team to make you proud of me. I hated it , 15 I didn’t want to disappoint you. I thought if I were failing in my classes, Coach would kick me off the team. What a 16 I’ve made of everything.”
Marissa watched her mother’s face turn from anger to 17 . “Marissa, I was always proud of you. You didn’t need to do the high jump to make me happy. Now you have a lot of hard work in front of you because you made a bad 18 .”
Marissa thought again about the spider. She realized she had lost sight of her 19 and twisted her web. Now she had to go back and 20 that web.
1. A. webs B. clothes C. balls D. boxes
2. A. music B. art C. sport D. dance
3. A. coach B. fan C. teacher D. star
4. A. realized B. wondered C. insisted D. remembered
5. A. ill B. silent C. asleep D. apart
6. A. homework B. research C. housework D. practice
7. A. health B. life C. grades D. images
8. A. gave B. took C. attended D. failed
9. A. completing B. ignoring C. preparing D. copying
10. A. risen B. meant C. dropped D. improved
11. A. ugly B. perfect C. simple D. serious
12. A. doubted B. suspected C. acted D. said
13. A. painting B. clock C. phone D. letter
14. A. feeling B. weakness C. secret D. excuse
15. A. and B. so C. or D. but
16. A. surprise B. scare C. mess D. joke
17. A. delight B. concern C. embarrassment D. disappointment
18. A. speech B. stop C. jump D. choice
19. A. balance B. example C. purpose D. success
20. A. rebuild B. break C. find D. review
二. 书面表达
第一节
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境。请你根据以下信息回信。
1. 多跟同学交流沟通；
2. 积极参加学校活动；
3. 向老师寻求帮助。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Chris,
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Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 情景作文
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了上周五你在放学路上，撞倒一位骑车老人并实施救助的过程。请根据图片的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记。
注意： 1．文章的开头已为你写好；
2．词数不少于60。
Last Friday ___________________________________________________________
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Keys:
一. 1-5 ABDAC 6-10 ACDBC 11-15 ABDCD 16-20 CBDCA
二.
第一节
Dear Chris,
I am sorry to hear that you are?having trouble fitting in at your new school.?Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be?helpful.
First, I think you may need to communicate with your classmates as much as possible. In this way, you will?get to know each other better. Second, it might be a good idea for you to take part in more activities, which usually?involve teamwork and interactions with other students and?are therefore?good for developing?friendly relationships.?Lastly, faced with some tough problems, you might?consider asking your?teachers, who?can usually?offer you some sensible suggestions.
I sincerely hope my advice will be of some help to you. If there is?anything more I can do to help, please let me know.
Yours,? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Li Hua (132words)
第二节 情景作文
Possible version 1:
Last Friday, I rode my bike home. Unfortunately, I knocked down an old man who was also riding a bike. The old man couldn’t stand up. There must be something wrong with his leg, so I called my mom immediately. We took the old man to the hospital at once. The doctor gave him a careful examination. Luckily, there was nothing serious. We were all relieved.
Then I went to have his bike repaired. The old man took his bike and we waved each other goodbye.
The accident taught me a lesson: when riding a bike we should be more careful.
(99 words)
Possible version 2:
Last Friday, as usual I rode my bike home. But at a crossing, I accidentally knocked an old man off his bike. I hurried over and found his leg was injured. Nervous and worried, I called my mom and told her what had happened. We decided to take him to the hospital first.
Soon after we arrived at the hospital, my mother came. The doctor gave the old man a thorough examination. To our delight and relief, there was nothing seriously wrong with him. We thanked the doctor and left.
After that, we went back to where the bike was parked only to find it didn’t work. So I immediately found a repairman to get it fixed. Before the old man left, my mom offered him our cellphone number in case he needed to contact us. Then the old man got on his bike and we?waved goodbye to each other.
The accident made me realize that in the first place we should be careful to avoid accidents, but once they?occur, we should?take responsibility.
(174 words)
