Unit3 Life in the future-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作和翻译。
【重点单词详解】
lack v. & n. 缺乏；缺少的东西
(2013·浙江卷阅读理解)It’s not that exercise makes you healthy，it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
与其说运动使你健康，倒不如说缺乏运动使你的身体虚弱，容易受到疾病的影响。
(1)v.
(2)n.
(3)
①Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know?
你是否想交更多的朋友，但缺乏信心和陌生人交谈？
②Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
尽管缺钱，他的父母设法送他上大学。
③The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.公众缺乏环境保护的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
教材原句P18：At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一开始，新的环境很难忍受。
容忍，忍受
①Those who know to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life.
那些懂得容忍他人的人自然可以生活得幸福。
②The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.
运动世界不能容忍使用麻醉，因为这是作弊的基本形式。
③Earth is letting Mankind know that our waste and destruction will not be_tolerated_any_more.
地球正在让人类知道我们的浪费和破坏不会再被忍受了。
instant adj.立即的，立刻的；n.瞬间，刹那
(牛津P1058)I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her.我一眼就认出她了(1)
(2)in instant need of help急需援助
(3) 一……就……
①In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
他马上脱掉衣服跳进了水里。
②We can’t promise instant solutions，but we can promise to listen.
我们不能保证立刻给予解决，但保证能认真听取意见。
③They carried out the volunteer activity the instant/instantly they arrived there.
他们一到达那里就从事志愿活动。
【重点短语详解】
1. expect (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事
I expect to be back within a week.
hope to do something 希望做某事
2. overcome one‘s shortcomings 克服缺点
overcome enemy 压倒, 制服
be overcome with/by sth ...不堪 (通常指感情，常用被动语态）
She was overcome by fear. 她吓得要命
3.First impressions.第一印象
impressions: n. [C] 印象;感想
I had a very good impression of him. 我对他的印象很好.
First impressions are half the battle. [谚]最初的印象最深刻; 先入为主。
impress
1) v. 使(某人)印象深刻
He impressed me unfavorably. 我对他印象不好
注意:使（某人）印象深刻，常用这个句型
be impressed by/at/with sth 对…留下深刻印象，惊叹
通常用于被动语态,不用于进行时,常用于下列结构:
The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.
2) v.使(某人)铭记
impress sth on sb /impress sb with sth
3）impressive 给人深刻印象的, 感人的
an impressive scene 感人的场面
an impressive ceremony 给人深刻印象的典礼
4. take up
Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? 接受
This table takes up too much room.占用(时间或空间)?
When does the new manager take up his job? 开始从事
由take组成的短语：
take office就职
take apart拆开
take in 吸收，留宿
take it easy别着急
take back收回
take down取下,记下
take notes作笔记
take away拿走
take aim瞄准
take out拿
take notice of注意
take it for granted想当然的认为
take hold of抓住
take steps to do sth采取措施做某事
take sb as.., 把某人当作
take advantage of…利用
take a deep breath深呼吸
5. remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事
The film reminded him of his school life. 这部影片使他回想起学生时的生活。
1）remind sb. to do sth 提醒某人做某事
Please remind him to meet at the school gate on the outing day.
请提醒他秋游那天在校门口集中。
6. constant adj.经常的，不变的，忠贞的
I am Jay’s constant fan and supporter.?我是周杰伦忠实的粉丝和支持者。
(1)constantly adv. 经常地，反复地
The old man’s hands shook constantly. 老人的手不停的颤抖.
Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异。
7. as a result (of) 因此
result from 起因于……
result in 导致某事,造成某事(=lead to)
8. suffer from: 患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。
She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。
suffer from the war / the flood遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病
suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿
suffering n. 痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难
9. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
?keep away from 不接近;避开
keep back 留在后面,不上前;隐瞒
keep off 不接近,挡住
keep out (of) 使在外
keep up 跟上;赶上;保持
keep up with 跟上;不落人之后
10. previous (adj)
1) 在前的,早先的
a previous engagement
a previous experience
2) 过急的,太快的
You are previous in making the decision.
11. transport n.运送/输；交通工具 v.运送/输
transport from … to … 从…输送到…
12. surrounding
(1) adj. 周围的，附近的
He lives in the surrounding area of our school.
(2) pl. 环境（自然环境）
environment 可指自然环境，也可指精神环境。
The boy grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.
这个男孩在美丽的环境中长大，但缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。
13. 辨析: beat, hit与strike
beat指连续地打;hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike;“打鼓”要用beat;“敲门”要用knock;“钟敲几点”要用strike;比喻意思的“打击”要用give (deal) a blow to sb.
14. lack n 缺乏,不足,没有 (a) lack of
She showed a lack of humor.
for lack of因缺乏…
lack 动词
lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的
be lacking in ... 在……不足
15. 有关time的短语（看看）
in on time: very quickly 立刻;马上
all the time 一直, 始终
at a time 依次, 逐一, 每次
take one’s time不要急，慢慢来
at all times 无论何时,一直
at one time 从前；一度
at times 有时
behind the times 过时的,落伍的
for the time being 暂且, 眼下
from time to time 不时,偶尔,间或
On time 按时
once upon a time 从前
at the same time 同时）
【重点句型详解】
1. Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.
现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
名师指津：where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。
例句仿写：许多人想得到那个位置，在那儿他会发展得更好。
Many people want to get the position, where they will develop better.
2. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我头痛。
名师指津：hit by a lack of fresh air为过去分词短语作原因状语。
例句仿写：假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。
Given more attention and caring, the child wouldn’t have become so selfish and naughty.
3. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a largemarket because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于车辆朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。
名师指津：what引导宾语从句。
例句仿写：前几天，我父亲开车以我认为危险的速度行驶。
The other day，my father drove his car at what I thought was a dangerous speed.
4. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
名师指津：exhausted为形容词化的分词在句中作原因状语。
例句仿写：长途旅游后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。
After the long journey，the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
1. (2014·浙大附中高三质检)—Many species are in danger of dying out because of a ________of habitat.
—I couldn’t agree more. We must take action for them as well as for ourselves.
A. waste B. possession C. pollution D. lack
2. (2014·福建十所名校第二次联考)According to the research, women tend to ________jobs requiring speech skills.
A. take up B. pick up C. look up D. set up
3. (2014·潍坊市抽样监测)To be mentally healthy, you need to ________good relationships with each other.
A. build up B. put up C. take up D. hold up
4. (2014·河北衡水二次调研)He didn’t________ what he read because his mind was on something else.
A. take on B. take in C. take over D. take for
5. We knew nothing about the accident. It happened to our arrival.
A. junior B. previous C. senior D. accessible
基础演练
一、单词拼写
1. He is good at his job but he seems to l________ confidence.
2. Her address made a great i________ on the audience.
3. She was always o________ even when things were at their worst.
4. Training is provided，so no p________ experience is required for the job.
5. The plane is taking off. Please f________ your seat belt.
6. The company will make an ________(调整) in your salary.
7. The date of his arrival is still ________(不确定的).
8. He ________(指引) the tourist party through the park.
9. He ________(按) the bell to call his secretary.
10. I can’t ________(容忍) your bad manners any longer.
二、选词填空
take up, lose sight of, remind...of...,in no time, in all directions, be back on one’s feet, sweep up, slide into
1. When he looked up again, he ________________________ the plane which he saw just now.
2. I’m sorry for the pieces of broken glass. Will you help me to ________________ all of this?
3. When the police arrived，the crowd scattered(散开) ________________________.
4. Last night, a thief ________________ his apartment and stole his computer.
5. The song always ________ me ________ the beautiful flowers I saw in Luoyang, the hometown of peony(牡丹花).
6. You needn’t worry about the engine. We’ll get it fixed ________________________.
7. It doesn’t matter much to be beaten. What it matters is that you__________________ and go on fighting.
8. He ________________ telephone receiver and began to dial.
巩固提高
一、词义辨析
1. 用surroundings或environment填空。
(1)An unhappy home ________ can affect a child’s behavior.
(2)The new office block doesn’t blend in with(与……协调) its ________.
(3)It is our duty to protect the ________ from pollution.
2. 用as a result或as a result of填空。
(1)He didn’t finish his work ________________________ his laziness.
(2)Man destroyed a lot of forests，and ________________, more and more lands became deserts.
(3)She died ________________________ her injuries.
3. 用hit, beat或strike的适当形式填空。
(1)The rain was ________ against the window.
(2)He shot his arrow(箭) and ________ the target(目标).
(3)I can easily ________ him at table tennis.
(4)The clock has just ________ eight.
(5)Someone was ________ a drum.
二、佳句翻译与仿写
1. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________
仿写：他仍不能相信他即将从事他一点也不喜欢的工作。
___________________________________________________________________ _____
2. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________
仿写：由于陷入沉思，他几乎撞上了前面的树。
__________________________________________________________ ______________
3. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________
仿写：我认为这个人很难相处。
__________________________________________________________ ______________
4. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________
仿写：她对待这个孩子就好像对待自己的儿子一样。
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
5. Arriving at a strange looking house，he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________
仿写：听到这个消息，她高兴地跳了起来。
_______________________________________________________________ ________
一、单项填空
1. I still cannot believe that I am ________ this prize that I won last year.
A. sweeping up B. taking up C. making up D. bring up
2. I have to ________ myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.
A. suggest B. hope C. demand D. remind
3. ________ by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
A. Hits B. To hit C. Hit D. Hitting
4. He hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better ________.
A. at all times B. at any time C. in no time D. at times
5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage ________ by computer.
A. drive B. driven C. driving D. to drive
6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached ________ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
7. Then I ________ Wang Ping again and flew after him.
A. lost sight of B. out of sight C. in sight D. caught sight of
8. Arriving at a ________ house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
A. snow covering B. new built C. strange looking D. well knowing
9. ________, I slid into bed and fell fast ________.
A. Exhausted; asleep B. Exhausting; sleepy
C. To be exhausted; to sleep D. Being exhausted; sleep
10. With the correct help of my teachers, I am always ________ about my studies.
A. pessimistic B. worried C. curious D. optimistic
二、用适当的介、副词填空
1. ________ a result, I suffered ________ “time lag”.
2. So I was very nervous and uncertain ________ first.
3. Well-known ________ their expertise, his parents’ company transported me safely ________ the future ________ a time capsule.
4. He handed it ________ me and immediately hurried me through ________ a small room nearby ________ a rest.
5. Soon I was back ________ my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven ________ computer.
6. These carriages float ________ the ground and ______ bending or pressing ________ in your seats, you can move swiftly.
7. However, I lost sight ________ Wang Ping when we reached what looked ________ a large market because ________ too many carriages flying ______ ________ all directions.
8. He was swept ______ ________ the center ________ them.
9. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch ________ a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from ________ the floor as if ________ magic.
10. Exhausted，I slid ________ bed and fell fast asleep.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单词拼写
1. Today every c________ aged eighteen or over has the right to vote.
2. He had a sore throat and found it difficult to s________.
3. I was tricked by the salesman’s wiles(计谋) into buying worthless g________.
4. I have the honor to have been sent as their r____________ to attend the ceremony.
5. In case of fire，break the glass and push the red b________.
6. Some people are ________(贪婪的) for money and something alike.
7. I have never been to the ________(沙漠) visited by them.
8. At present there’s no ________(解决) in this disagreement.
9. The sick boy needs ________(立即的) attention.
10. When building ________(材料) cost more，the price of houses increases.
二、词义辨析
1. 用stare, glare或glance的适当形式填空。
(1)They stopped arguing and ________ at each other.
(2)She ________ at him in surprise.
(3)He ________ at his watch and then left in a hurry.
(4)He ________ at the problem，trying to work it out.
2. 用happen, occur, take place或break out的适当形式填空。
(1)Great changes have ________________ in my hometown since then.
(2)Yesterday a traffic accident ________________ on this road，but luckily no one was injured.
(3)Last night a fire ________________ in that building，causing a great loss.
(4)An idea suddenly ________________ to me that our room will be decorated in blue.
(5)Please remind me that the meeting will ________________ at two tomorrow afternoon.
三、单项填空
1. His report was so exciting that it was ________ interrupted by applauses.
A. constantly B. constant C. seldom D. never
2. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
3. At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ________.
A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place
4. The cartoon series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf(《喜羊羊与灰太狼》) made a good ________ upon all the boys and girls.
A. expression B. impression C. opinion D. experience
5. The company is ________ me ________ a decision, and I don’t know whether to accept the job.
A. pressing; to make B. pressed; to making
C. pressing; making D. pressed; to make
6. ________ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
7. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university for further study.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
9. Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply ________ watering their fields.
A. for B. across C. by D. in
10. ________ by the police，the thief had to give in.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded C. To be surrounded D. Be surrounded
四、完形填空
When Pat Jones finished college, she decided to travel around the world and see as many foreign places as she could __1__ she was young. Pat wanted to visit Latin America __2__, so she got a job __3__ an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, __4__ she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn’t __5__ much English.
A sentence she had read somewhere stuck in her mind: if you dream __6__ a foreign language, you have really mastered (掌握) it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and __7__ that some day she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in __8__.
One day, one of her __9__ students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had __10__ early and had slept __11__.
“What does this have to do with your __12__ ?” Pat asked.
“I dreamed all night, Miss Jones. And my dream was in English.”
“In English？” Pat was very __13__, since he was such a bad student. She was __14__ secretly jealous(嫉妒的). Her __15__ was still not in Spanish. But she encouraged(鼓励) her young student. “Well, __16__ me about your dream.”
“All the people in my dream __17__ English, ” the student said. “And all the signs were in English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programs were in English.”
“But that’s __18__.”said Pat. “What did all the people say to you?”
“I’m sorry, Miss Jones. That’s __19__ I slept so badly. I didn’t __20__ a word they said. It was a nightmare(噩梦)!”
1. A. because B. while C. if D. since
2. A. first B. at first C. last D. at last
3. A. for B. of C. as D. like
4. A. and B. but C. so D. yet
5. A. say B. know C. read D. write
6. A. in B. about C. of D. for
7. A. thought B. realized C. hoped D. wanted
8. A. English B. Spanish C. Russian D. German
9. A. bright B. excellent C. best D. worst
10. A. got up B. gone to bed C. fallen asleep D. waken up
11. A. well B. soundly C. badly D. heavily
12. A. English B. language C. dream D. homework
13. A. surprised B. worried C. pleased D. excited
14. A. yet B. seldom C. also D. still
15. A. study B. class C. work D. dream
16. A. answer B. write C. tell D. ask
17. A. read B. liked C. spoke D. learned
18. A. wonderful B. terrible C. funny D. strange
19. A. how B. why C. when D. because
20. A. hear B. understand C. know D. remember
五、阅读理解
What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses，of course，but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today，for man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example.Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average，men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular, the forehead will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all these give the impression that in the future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
1. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. man’s life will be different in the future
B. future man will look quite different from us
C. man is growing taller and uglier as time passes
D. man’s organs’ functions will be on the wane
2. What serves as the evidence that man is changing?
A. Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.
B. Man’s hair is getting thinner and thinner.
C. Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.
D. Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about a human being in the future?
A. He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.
B. He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.
C. His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t have to make use of them.
D. He thinks and feels in different ways.
4. It is implied that ________.
A. human beings will become less attractive in the future
B. less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration
C. human beings hope for a change in the future life
D. future life is always predictable
Last week, about 600 teenagers in the US imagined a future changed by technology in which their lessons are taught by robots and they learn about celebrities and alien languages. They believe they will use jet packs, and hoverboards(旋转飞盘), as everyday transport.
All the participants(参加者) of the survey are teenagers born into the Internet age. The study is to show how the first cyber(与电脑有关的) generation dream about a future life created by advanced technology.
Most believe there will still be schools to go to, but that technology will play an increasingly important role in learning. The 600 teens surveyed think there will still be teachers, but 37 per cent imagine them to be robots. Some 24 per cent believe that teachers will still be human but they will have interchangeable microchips(微型芯片) so that one person can teach all subjects.
More than one in two believe hoverboarding will be popular, while one-third say that wearing rocket boots will be their favourite activity. Another third think jet packs will be popular. Nearly 30 per cent think football and bike-riding will remain popular.
When it comes to the courses, they think future generations will be learning about robot building(63 percent), alien languages(47 per cent), celebrities(26 per cent) and R&B music(22 per cent).
Children will wear virtual reality helmets(可视头盔) to bring lessons to life, say 40 per cent, while over 20 per cent believe they will not need lessons because microchips put in their head will send relevant(相关的) information into the brain.
Matt Whyman, adviser to the chief medical officer on youth issues at American Online, said, “The kids seem very aware of the liberating qualities of technology.”
1. The survey was made in order to know ________.
A. how the students will go to school
B. who is willing to attend the survey
C. what the teenagers know about advanced technology
D. what future life will be like in teens’ eyes
2. What can you infer from the passage?
A. The teenagers being surveyed have surfed the Internet.
B. 234 teens surveyed think teachers in the future will still be humans.
C. Their dreams about the school future will certainly come true.
D. In the US, robots have appeared in the classroom to give students lessons.
3. How many participants believe hoverboarding will be popular?
A. Less than 100. B. 180. C. 200. D. Over 300.
4. The writer is ________ when telling the results of the survey.
A. objective B. admiring C. critical D. distrustful
Unit3 Life in the future-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作和翻译。
【重点单词详解】
lack v. & n. 缺乏；缺少的东西
(2013·浙江卷阅读理解)It’s not that exercise makes you healthy，it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
与其说运动使你健康，倒不如说缺乏运动使你的身体虚弱，容易受到疾病的影响。
(1)v.
(2)n.
(3)
①Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know?
你是否想交更多的朋友，但缺乏信心和陌生人交谈？
②Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
尽管缺钱，他的父母设法送他上大学。
③The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.公众缺乏环境保护的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
教材原句P18：At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一开始，新的环境很难忍受。
容忍，忍受
①Those who know to tolerate others can naturally lead a happy life.
那些懂得容忍他人的人自然可以生活得幸福。
②The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.
运动世界不能容忍使用麻醉，因为这是作弊的基本形式。
③Earth is letting Mankind know that our waste and destruction will not be_tolerated_any_more.
地球正在让人类知道我们的浪费和破坏不会再被忍受了。
instant adj.立即的，立刻的；n.瞬间，刹那
(牛津P1058)I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her.我一眼就认出她了(1)
(2)in instant need of help急需援助
(3) 一……就……
①In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
他马上脱掉衣服跳进了水里。
②We can’t promise instant solutions，but we can promise to listen.
我们不能保证立刻给予解决，但保证能认真听取意见。
③They carried out the volunteer activity the instant/instantly they arrived there.
他们一到达那里就从事志愿活动。
【重点短语详解】
1. expect (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事
I expect to be back within a week.
hope to do something 希望做某事
2. overcome one‘s shortcomings 克服缺点
overcome enemy 压倒, 制服
be overcome with/by sth ...不堪 (通常指感情，常用被动语态）
She was overcome by fear. 她吓得要命
3.First impressions.第一印象
impressions: n. [C] 印象;感想
I had a very good impression of him. 我对他的印象很好.
First impressions are half the battle. [谚]最初的印象最深刻; 先入为主。
impress
1) v. 使(某人)印象深刻
He impressed me unfavorably. 我对他印象不好
注意:使（某人）印象深刻，常用这个句型
be impressed by/at/with sth 对…留下深刻印象，惊叹
通常用于被动语态,不用于进行时,常用于下列结构:
The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.
2) v.使(某人)铭记
impress sth on sb /impress sb with sth
3）impressive 给人深刻印象的, 感人的
an impressive scene 感人的场面
an impressive ceremony 给人深刻印象的典礼
4. take up
Do you intend to take up his offer of a job? 接受
This table takes up too much room.占用(时间或空间)?
When does the new manager take up his job? 开始从事
由take组成的短语：
take office就职
take apart拆开
take in 吸收，留宿
take it easy别着急
take back收回
take down取下,记下
take notes作笔记
take away拿走
take aim瞄准
take out拿
take notice of注意
take it for granted想当然的认为
take hold of抓住
take steps to do sth采取措施做某事
take sb as.., 把某人当作
take advantage of…利用
take a deep breath深呼吸
5. remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事
The film reminded him of his school life. 这部影片使他回想起学生时的生活。
1）remind sb. to do sth 提醒某人做某事
Please remind him to meet at the school gate on the outing day.
请提醒他秋游那天在校门口集中。
6. constant adj.经常的，不变的，忠贞的
I am Jay’s constant fan and supporter.?我是周杰伦忠实的粉丝和支持者。
(1)constantly adv. 经常地，反复地
The old man’s hands shook constantly. 老人的手不停的颤抖.
Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异。
7. as a result (of) 因此
result from 起因于……
result in 导致某事,造成某事(=lead to)
8. suffer from: 患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。
She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。
suffer from the war / the flood遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病
suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿
suffering n. 痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难
9. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
?keep away from 不接近;避开
keep back 留在后面,不上前;隐瞒
keep off 不接近,挡住
keep out (of) 使在外
keep up 跟上;赶上;保持
keep up with 跟上;不落人之后
10. previous (adj)
1) 在前的,早先的
a previous engagement
a previous experience
2) 过急的,太快的
You are previous in making the decision.
11. transport n.运送/输；交通工具 v.运送/输
transport from … to … 从…输送到…
12. surrounding
(1) adj. 周围的，附近的
He lives in the surrounding area of our school.
(2) pl. 环境（自然环境）
environment 可指自然环境，也可指精神环境。
The boy grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment.
这个男孩在美丽的环境中长大，但缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。
13. 辨析: beat, hit与strike
beat指连续地打;hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike;“打鼓”要用beat;“敲门”要用knock;“钟敲几点”要用strike;比喻意思的“打击”要用give (deal) a blow to sb.
14. lack n 缺乏,不足,没有 (a) lack of
She showed a lack of humor.
for lack of因缺乏…
lack 动词
lacking adj. 缺少的；不足的
be lacking in ... 在……不足
15. 有关time的短语（看看）
in on time: very quickly 立刻;马上
all the time 一直, 始终
at a time 依次, 逐一, 每次
take one’s time不要急，慢慢来
at all times 无论何时,一直
at one time 从前；一度
at times 有时
behind the times 过时的,落伍的
for the time being 暂且, 眼下
from time to time 不时,偶尔,间或
On time 按时
once upon a time 从前
at the same time 同时）
【重点句型详解】
1. Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.
现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
名师指津：where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。
例句仿写：许多人想得到那个位置，在那儿他会发展得更好。
Many people want to get the position, where they will develop better.
2. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我头痛。
名师指津：hit by a lack of fresh air为过去分词短语作原因状语。
例句仿写：假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。
Given more attention and caring, the child wouldn’t have become so selfish and naughty.
3. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a largemarket because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于车辆朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。
名师指津：what引导宾语从句。
例句仿写：前几天，我父亲开车以我认为危险的速度行驶。
The other day，my father drove his car at what I thought was a dangerous speed.
4. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
名师指津：exhausted为形容词化的分词在句中作原因状语。
例句仿写：长途旅游后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。
After the long journey，the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
1. (2014·浙大附中高三质检)—Many species are in danger of dying out because of a ________of habitat.
—I couldn’t agree more. We must take action for them as well as for ourselves.
A. waste B. possession C. pollution D. lack
解析：考查名词词义。句意为：——许多物种由于缺乏栖息地而处于濒临灭绝的危险境地。——我非常赞成。我们必须行动起来，为他们，也为我们自己。a lack of缺乏……，符合句意。a waste of浪费……；a possession of拥有……，占有……。
答案：D
2. (2014·福建十所名校第二次联考)According to the research, women tend to ________jobs requiring speech skills.
A. take up B. pick up C. look up D. set up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：根据研究，女士倾向于从事要求语言技能的工作。take up开始从事，占据，符合句意。pick up拿起，学会；look up(在词典或参考书中)查阅；set up创建，建立。
答案：A
3. (2014·潍坊市抽样监测)To be mentally healthy, you need to ________good relationships with each other.
A. build up B. put up C. take up D. hold up
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：为了精神健康，你需要和他人相互建立良好的关系。build up建立；put up张贴，搭起；take up占用；hold up阻挡。
答案：A
4. (2014·河北衡水二次调研)He didn’t________ what he read because his mind was on something else.
A. take on B. take in C. take over D. take for
解析：句意为：他没明白他所读的东西，因为他的心思在别的事情上。take in吸收，理解；take on雇用，呈现，承担；take over接管；take A for B把A误认为B。
答案：B
5. We knew nothing about the accident. It happened to our arrival.
A. junior B. previous C. senior D. accessible
解析：句意：对于这起事故，我们一无所知。这起事故是在我们到来之前发生的。Previous to意思是“在……之前”，符合题意。
答案：B
基础演练
一、单词拼写
1. He is good at his job but he seems to l________ confidence.
2. Her address made a great i________ on the audience.
3. She was always o________ even when things were at their worst.
4. Training is provided，so no p________ experience is required for the job.
5. The plane is taking off. Please f________ your seat belt.
6. The company will make an ________(调整) in your salary.
7. The date of his arrival is still ________(不确定的).
8. He ________(指引) the tourist party through the park.
9. He ________(按) the bell to call his secretary.
10. I can’t ________(容忍) your bad manners any longer.
答案：1.lack 2.impression 3.optimistic 4.previous 5. fasten 6.adjustment 7.uncertain 8.guided 9. pressed 10.tolerate
二、选词填空
take up, lose sight of, remind...of...,in no time, in all directions, be back on one’s feet, sweep up, slide into
1. When he looked up again, he ________________________ the plane which he saw just now.
2. I’m sorry for the pieces of broken glass. Will you help me to ________________ all of this?
3. When the police arrived，the crowd scattered(散开) ________________________.
4. Last night, a thief ________________ his apartment and stole his computer.
5. The song always ________ me ________ the beautiful flowers I saw in Luoyang, the hometown of peony(牡丹花).
6. You needn’t worry about the engine. We’ll get it fixed ________________________.
7. It doesn’t matter much to be beaten. What it matters is that you__________________ and go on fighting.
8. He ________________ telephone receiver and began to dial.
答案：1.lost sight of 2.sweep up 3.in all directions 4.slid into 5.reminded; of 6.in no time
7.are back on your feet 8.took up
巩固提高
一、词义辨析
1. 用surroundings或environment填空。
(1)An unhappy home ________ can affect a child’s behavior.
(2)The new office block doesn’t blend in with(与……协调) its ________.
(3)It is our duty to protect the ________ from pollution.
2. 用as a result或as a result of填空。
(1)He didn’t finish his work ________________________ his laziness.
(2)Man destroyed a lot of forests，and ________________, more and more lands became deserts.
(3)She died ________________________ her injuries.
3. 用hit, beat或strike的适当形式填空。
(1)The rain was ________ against the window.
(2)He shot his arrow(箭) and ________ the target(目标).
(3)I can easily ________ him at table tennis.
(4)The clock has just ________ eight.
(5)Someone was ________ a drum.
答案：
1.(1)environment (2)surroundings (3)environment
2. (1)as a result of (2)as a result (3)as a result of
3. (1)beating (2)hit (3)beat (4)struck (5)beating
二、佳句翻译与仿写
1. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________
仿写：他仍不能相信他即将从事他一点也不喜欢的工作。
___________________________________________________________________ _____
2. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
翻译：_______________________________________________________________________
仿写：由于陷入沉思，他几乎撞上了前面的树。
__________________________________________________________ ______________
3. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________
仿写：我认为这个人很难相处。
__________________________________________________________ ______________
4. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________
仿写：她对待这个孩子就好像对待自己的儿子一样。
_____________________________________________________________________ ___
5. Arriving at a strange looking house，he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
翻译：________________________________________________________________________
仿写：听到这个消息，她高兴地跳了起来。
_______________________________________________________________ _________
答案：
1.我还是无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。
He still can’t believe that he is taking up the job that he doesn’t like at all.
2. 我很担心这次旅行，所以头几天我心里总是不踏实。
Lost in thought, he almost ran into the tree in front of him.
3.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。
I think this man is hard to get along with.
4. 空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。
She treats the boy as though/if he were her own son.
5.到了一个看起来很奇怪的房子，他就把我带进一个明亮而洁净的大房间。
Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.
一、单项填空
1. I still cannot believe that I am ________ this prize that I won last year.
A. sweeping up B. taking up C. making up D. bring up
2. I have to ________ myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.
A. suggest B. hope C. demand D. remind
3. ________ by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
A. Hits B. To hit C. Hit D. Hitting
4. He hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better ________.
A. at all times B. at any time C. in no time D. at times
5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage ________ by computer.
A. drive B. driven C. driving D. to drive
6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached ________ looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
7. Then I ________ Wang Ping again and flew after him.
A. lost sight of B. out of sight C. in sight D. caught sight of
8. Arriving at a ________ house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
A. snow covering B. new built C. strange looking D. well knowing
9. ________, I slid into bed and fell fast ________.
A. Exhausted; asleep B. Exhausting; sleepy
C. To be exhausted; to sleep D. Being exhausted; sleep
10. With the correct help of my teachers, I am always ________ about my studies.
A. pessimistic B. worried C. curious D. optimistic
答案：1.B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D
二、用适当的介、副词填空
1. ________ a result, I suffered ________ “time lag”.
2. So I was very nervous and uncertain ________ first.
3. Well-known ________ their expertise, his parents’ company transported me safely ________ the future ________ a time capsule.
4. He handed it ________ me and immediately hurried me through ________ a small room nearby ________ a rest.
5. Soon I was back ________ my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven ________ computer.
6. These carriages float ________ the ground and ______ bending or pressing ________ in your seats, you can move swiftly.
7. However, I lost sight ________ Wang Ping when we reached what looked ________ a large market because ________ too many carriages flying ______ ________ all directions.
8. He was swept ______ ________ the center ________ them.
9. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch ________ a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from ________ the floor as if ________ magic.
10. Exhausted，I slid ________ bed and fell fast asleep.
答案：1.As; from 2.at 3.for; into; in 4.to; to; for 5.on; by 6.above; by; down 7.of; like; of; by; in 8.up; into; of 9.on; under; by 10.into
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单词拼写
1. Today every c________ aged eighteen or over has the right to vote.
2. He had a sore throat and found it difficult to s________.
3. I was tricked by the salesman’s wiles(计谋) into buying worthless g________.
4. I have the honor to have been sent as their r____________ to attend the ceremony.
5. In case of fire，break the glass and push the red b________.
6. Some people are ________(贪婪的) for money and something alike.
7. I have never been to the ________(沙漠) visited by them.
8. At present there’s no ________(解决) in this disagreement.
9. The sick boy needs ________(立即的) attention.
10. When building ________(材料) cost more，the price of houses increases.
答案：1.citizen 2.swallow 3.goods 4.representative 5. button 6.greedy 7.desert 8.settlement
9. instant 10.materials
二、词义辨析
1. 用stare, glare或glance的适当形式填空。
(1)They stopped arguing and ________ at each other.
(2)She ________ at him in surprise.
(3)He ________ at his watch and then left in a hurry.
(4)He ________ at the problem，trying to work it out.
2. 用happen, occur, take place或break out的适当形式填空。
(1)Great changes have ________________ in my hometown since then.
(2)Yesterday a traffic accident ________________ on this road，but luckily no one was injured.
(3)Last night a fire ________________ in that building，causing a great loss.
(4)An idea suddenly ________________ to me that our room will be decorated in blue.
(5)Please remind me that the meeting will ________________ at two tomorrow afternoon.
答案：
1.(1)glared (2)stared (3)glanced (4)stared
2. (1)taken place (2)happened (3)broke out (4)occurs (5)take place
三、单项填空
1. His report was so exciting that it was ________ interrupted by applauses.
A. constantly B. constant C. seldom D. never
2. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ________ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
3. At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ________.
A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place
4. The cartoon series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf(《喜羊羊与灰太狼》) made a good ________ upon all the boys and girls.
A. expression B. impression C. opinion D. experience
5. The company is ________ me ________ a decision, and I don’t know whether to accept the job.
A. pressing; to make B. pressed; to making
C. pressing; making D. pressed; to make
6. ________ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
7. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university for further study.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
9. Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply ________ watering their fields.
A. for B. across C. by D. in
10. ________ by the police，the thief had to give in.
A. Surrounding B. Surrounded C. To be surrounded D. Be surrounded
答案：.1.A 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B
四、完形填空
When Pat Jones finished college, she decided to travel around the world and see as many foreign places as she could __1__ she was young. Pat wanted to visit Latin America __2__, so she got a job __3__ an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, __4__ she was able to communicate with her students even when they didn’t __5__ much English.
A sentence she had read somewhere stuck in her mind: if you dream __6__ a foreign language, you have really mastered (掌握) it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and __7__ that some day she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in __8__.
One day, one of her __9__ students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had __10__ early and had slept __11__.
“What does this have to do with your __12__ ?” Pat asked.
“I dreamed all night, Miss Jones. And my dream was in English.”
“In English？” Pat was very __13__, since he was such a bad student. She was __14__ secretly jealous(嫉妒的). Her __15__ was still not in Spanish. But she encouraged(鼓励) her young student. “Well, __16__ me about your dream.”
“All the people in my dream __17__ English, ” the student said. “And all the signs were in English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programs were in English.”
“But that’s __18__.”said Pat. “What did all the people say to you?”
“I’m sorry, Miss Jones. That’s __19__ I slept so badly. I didn’t __20__ a word they said. It was a nightmare(噩梦)!”
1. A. because B. while C. if D. since
2. A. first B. at first C. last D. at last
3. A. for B. of C. as D. like
4. A. and B. but C. so D. yet
5. A. say B. know C. read D. write
6. A. in B. about C. of D. for
7. A. thought B. realized C. hoped D. wanted
8. A. English B. Spanish C. Russian D. German
9. A. bright B. excellent C. best D. worst
10. A. got up B. gone to bed C. fallen asleep D. waken up
11. A. well B. soundly C. badly D. heavily
12. A. English B. language C. dream D. homework
13. A. surprised B. worried C. pleased D. excited
14. A. yet B. seldom C. also D. still
15. A. study B. class C. work D. dream
16. A. answer B. write C. tell D. ask
17. A. read B. liked C. spoke D. learned
18. A. wonderful B. terrible C. funny D. strange
19. A. how B. why C. when D. because
20. A. hear B. understand C. know D. remember
答案：1.B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C12. D 13. A 14. C
15. D 16. C 17. C 18. A 19. B
五、阅读理解
What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses，of course，but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today，for man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example.Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average，men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively a short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular, the forehead will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all these give the impression that in the future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
1. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. man’s life will be different in the future
B. future man will look quite different from us
C. man is growing taller and uglier as time passes
D. man’s organs’ functions will be on the wane
2. What serves as the evidence that man is changing?
A. Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.
B. Man’s hair is getting thinner and thinner.
C. Man’s arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.
D. Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about a human being in the future?
A. He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.
B. He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.
C. His fingers grow weaker because he doesn’t have to make use of them.
D. He thinks and feels in different ways.
4. It is implied that ________.
A. human beings will become less attractive in the future
B. less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration
C. human beings hope for a change in the future life
D. future life is always predictable
答案：1.B 2. D 3. A 4. B
Last week, about 600 teenagers in the US imagined a future changed by technology in which their lessons are taught by robots and they learn about celebrities and alien languages. They believe they will use jet packs, and hoverboards(旋转飞盘), as everyday transport.
All the participants(参加者) of the survey are teenagers born into the Internet age. The study is to show how the first cyber(与电脑有关的) generation dream about a future life created by advanced technology.
Most believe there will still be schools to go to, but that technology will play an increasingly important role in learning. The 600 teens surveyed think there will still be teachers, but 37 per cent imagine them to be robots. Some 24 per cent believe that teachers will still be human but they will have interchangeable microchips(微型芯片) so that one person can teach all subjects.
More than one in two believe hoverboarding will be popular, while one-third say that wearing rocket boots will be their favourite activity. Another third think jet packs will be popular. Nearly 30 per cent think football and bike-riding will remain popular.
When it comes to the courses, they think future generations will be learning about robot building(63 percent), alien languages(47 per cent), celebrities(26 per cent) and R&B music(22 per cent).
Children will wear virtual reality helmets(可视头盔) to bring lessons to life, say 40 per cent, while over 20 per cent believe they will not need lessons because microchips put in their head will send relevant(相关的) information into the brain.
Matt Whyman, adviser to the chief medical officer on youth issues at American Online, said, “The kids seem very aware of the liberating qualities of technology.”
1. The survey was made in order to know ________.
A. how the students will go to school
B. who is willing to attend the survey
C. what the teenagers know about advanced technology
D. what future life will be like in teens’ eyes
2. What can you infer from the passage?
A. The teenagers being surveyed have surfed the Internet.
B. 234 teens surveyed think teachers in the future will still be humans.
C. Their dreams about the school future will certainly come true.
D. In the US, robots have appeared in the classroom to give students lessons.
3. How many participants believe hoverboarding will be popular?
A. Less than 100. B. 180. C. 200. D. Over 300.
4. The writer is ________ when telling the results of the survey.
A. objective B. admiring C. critical D. distrustful
答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. A
Unit3 Life in the future-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
学会过去分词作状语的用法；
理解过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语的区别；
能够使用过去分词做状语的情况作对相关题目，灵活使用。
过去分词
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
过去分词与现在分词作状语
过去分词表完成、被动，与主句主语之间是被动关系；现在分词表进行，主动，与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
过去分词表完成、被动，作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因，让步，结果，方式，条件等。
观察下列的句子：
Once published, his works (=Once his works was published,) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
PP作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
过去分词作时间状语
1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. =When heated, ice will be changed into water.
2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.
=Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.
过去分词作原因状语
1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
=Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
=Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
过去分词作条件或者假设状语
1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
=Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
=Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
作方式或伴随情况状语
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.
=The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.
2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. =She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.
lost表示一种迷失心理状态
总结：
1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等；
2.过去分词作状语时，过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。（此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。）例：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是his hands，而不是句子的主语The murderer，而his hands对于动词tie来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应选D。
注：过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作，因此，当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系——被动。例如：
(Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example:
United we stand, divided we fail. =If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.
1. Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.
2. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
→If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
4. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
→Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
5. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
→Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
→Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.
用过去分词作状语来改写句子。
1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
→Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
2. If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
→Given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
3. As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
→Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
4. When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.
→Questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.
(Find out the sentences with same meaning.
1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
=Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
=Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
(Compare
1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.—we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)
2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)
3. 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
A. Seeing B. Seen
4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing B. Seen
(Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle
Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.
Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.
Looking at her, he jumped with joy. Looked at by her, he jumped with joy.
(注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
逻辑关系
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
1） 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2） 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
3） 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的
过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
1. (2014·德州模拟)The boy was sitting in his chair leisurely, ________in the magazine he was reading.
A. being absorbed B. absorbing C. to be absorbed D. absorbed
2. (2014·陕西五校二模)________the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.
A. Being offered B. To offer C. Having offered D. Offered
3. (2014·佳木斯一中调研)________with the increasing unemployment, many people went on strike in most of the European countries.
A. Facing B. Being faced C. Faced D. Having faced
4. (2014·南京一模)________that the Youth Olympic Games might be delayed due to severe air pollution, our government has made a promise to Jacques Rogge that they will spare no effort to settle the problem.
A. Warned B. Having warned C. Warning D. Being warned
5. (2014·河南豫北三校联考)________in the bank robbery, Tod was arrested by the local police early in the morning.
A. Involving B. Involved C. To involve D. To be involved
基础演练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. When ________(ask) why he was late, he went red.
2. Deeply ________(move) by the story, she began to cry.
3. He walked out of the house, ________(follow) by his pet dog ________(name) Snoopy.
4. Even if ________(invite), I won’t attend the evening party.
5. The house ________(paint) white, we like it better.
6. The ________(light) candle lighted/lit up the room.
7. When ________(travel), you should take care of yourself.
8. ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days.
9. People are trying to make the once ________(pollute) rivers clean.
10. ________(encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
二、单项填空
1. The strikers and the employer have reached a ________ over new working conditions.
A. agreement B. information C. settlement D. suggestion
2. New ways have to be found to ________ of waste materials and poisonous gases so that we can have cleaned surroundings.
A. deal B. do C. remove D. dispose
3. How exciting! I drove my new car ________ a speed of 110 km/h on Sunday morning.
A. for B. at C. in D. on
4. Be patient, please. Mr. Wang will arrive ________.
A. in an instant B. in instant C. after an instant D. after instant
5. The desert is moving south and ________ many good fields.
A. making up B. speeding up C. swallowing up D. staying up
6. It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
7. English is understood all over the world ________ Turkish(土耳其语) is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
A. while B. when C. as D. since
8. Now I find the problem ________.
A. easy to work out B. easily to work it out
C. to work out easily D. is easy to be worked out
9. —Your ceiling requires ________.
—Yes, I’ll have some workers ________ it.
A. mending: to mend B. mending: mend
C. to mend: mend D. to be mended: to mend
10. —I wonder if I could use your telephone.
—________.
A. I wonder how B. I don’t wonder
C. Sorry, it’s out of order D. No wonder, here it is
巩固提高
一、.将下列句子改成用过去分词作定语或状语的句子。
1. We have been told to read the book. It was written by a news reporter.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Prices of daily goods which are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Because it was done in a hurry，his homework was full of mistakes.
________________________________________________________________________
4. If the trees were given more water，they could grow much better.
________________________________________________________________________
5. When it is seen from the top of the hill, Chongqing looks very beautiful at night.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
二、短文改错
Last summer I go to America and studied at a language school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where I invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of things about China. But I couldn’t explain them with English clearly. I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries in the future.
一、单项填空
1. ________from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
3. Though ________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
4. ________ not to miss the flight at 15∶20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. To remind D. Having reminded
5. ________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
6. ________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
7. With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting
C. affected D. were affected
8. It is one of the funniest things ________ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding B. being found
C. to find D. found
9. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
10. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ________that all children like these things.
A. thought B. to think
C. think D. thinking
11. Most of the people ________ to the English party were my classmates.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. inviting
12. ________in a friendly way, their fierce quarrel finally came to an end.
A. Settled B. Settling
C. Being settled D. Having settled
13. Don’t sit there ________nothing.Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. and doing
14. Once lost, ________.
A. it is difficult to get such a chance again
B. one can never get such a chance
C. such a chance will never come again
D. to get such a chance will be difficult
15. ________mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted all his life to helping the deaf.
A. Remembering
B. Having remembered
C. Remembered
D. To remember
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项填空
1. Catching ________ sight of their head teacher coming, the students fell silence in ________ flash.
A. the; the B. /; a C. the; / D. /; /
2. If you want to slow down, you must ________ harder on the brakes.
A. take B. press C. sweep D. carry
3. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise.
A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand
4. Many countries are faced with the problem about how to ________ economic development.
A. take up B. speed up C. get up D. stay up
5. I must ________ your promise ________ you won’t be late again.
A. remind you for; why B. remind you to; in which
C. remind you of; that D. remind you; which
6. —Can you lend me your book on scientific achievements?
—You are not ________ to get this book from me, because I will read it soon.
A. possible B. likely C. perhaps D. probable
7. Don’t worry. There’s still time ________ a newspaper before the bus leaves.
A. left to buy B. leaving to buy C. left buying D. leaving buy
8. ________ I understand what you say, I don’t agree with you.
A. When B. While C. As D. If
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
10. This is the building ________ during the Qing Dynasty.
A. built B. to be built C. building D. being built
11. ________ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
12. ________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
13. Everything ________, we went home happily.
A. did B. doing C. to do D. done
14. ________, crying.
A. Came in Jack’s wife B. In came Jack’s wife
C. Came in she D. In came she
15. In this seaside resort, you can ________ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.
A. enjoy B. apply C. receive D. achieve
16. We fell in love with the cottage________.
A. at first sight B. at the first sight C. in sight D. out of sight
17. As we all know, it is impolite to read others’________ letters without their permission.
A. selfish B. published C. private D. public
18. The audience ________before TV sets are listening to Yi Zhongtian’s stories with their eyes ________upon him.
A. seating; fixing B. seated; fixing C. seated; fixed D. seating; fixed
19. —What about the student in your class, Mr.Wang?
—The doctor said that ________sleep caused him poor memory and poor concentration.
A. lacking of B. lacked in C. lacking D. lack for
20. Thousands of houses fell down in the earthquake. It seemed that everything happened________.
A. in a while B. in a hurry C. in a mess D. in a flash
二、翻译句子
1. 许多最新发明正在展览会上展出。(up—to—date)
________________________________________________________________________
2. 又给了一次机会，那个激动的男孩高兴得跳了起来。(过去分词作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
3. 一出火车站，火车就开始加速。(speed up)
______________________________________________________________________
4. 我一进教室，铃就响了。(the instant)
________________________________________________________________________
5. 我对他的所作所为不满意。(what)
________________________________________________________________________
三、完形填空
I was working as a consultant(顾问) in a beer company, __21__the president and senior vice-presidents create and put into their new strategic(战略的) vision. It was an__22__challenge.
At the same time, my __23__was in the final stages of cancer.
I worked during__24__and drove 40 miles home to be with her every night. It was__25__and stressful, but it was__26__I wanted to do. My duty was to continue to do excellent consulting during the day, __27__my evenings were very hard. I didn’t mean__28__the president with my situation, __29__I felt someone at the company needed to know what was going on. So I told the vice-president of Human Resources, asking him not to__30__the information with anyone.
A few days__31__, the president called me into his office. I figured he wanted to talk to me about one of the many issues we were__32__.When I entered, he__33__me to sit down. He faced me from across his large desk, looked me in__34__eyes and said, “I hear your mother is very__35__.”
I was __36__caught by surprise and burst into tears. He just__37__at me, let my crying subside (平息), and then gently said a sentence I will__38__forget: “Whatever you need.”
That was__39__.His understanding and his willingness to let me be in my pain and to offer me__40__were qualities of compassion (同情) that I carry with me to this day.
1. A. helped B. helping C. to help D. help
2. A. enormous B. easy C. empty D. exciting
3. A. mother B. father C. daughter D. grandmother
4. A. the night B. the morning C. the day D. the noon
5. A. tired B. tiring C. to tire D. tiresome
6. A. that B. how C. which D. what
7. A. even through B. as if C. even though D. as though
8. A. bothering B. to bother C. bothered D. to be bothered
9. A. yet B. and C. however D. so
10. A. tell B. say C. share D. give
11. A. before B. late C. later D. ago
12. A. working at B. working for C. working out D. working on
13. A. made B. let C. asked D. had
14. A. my B. his C. the D. her
15. A. well B. fine C. worse D. ill
16. A. total B. in total C. totally D. total up
17. A. stared B. glared C. looked D. glanced
18. A. ever B. never C. seldom D. usually
19. A. this B. him C. that D. it
20. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
四、阅读理解
A
My house is made out of wood, glass and stone. It is also made out of software.
If you come to visit, you’ll probably be surprised when you come in. Someone will give you an electronic PIN(个人身份号码) to wear. This PIN tells the house who and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it’s dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights nearest to you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.
Of course, you are also able to tell the house if you want something. There is a home control console(控制台), a small machine that turns things on and off around you.
The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you my car keys, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the keys. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.
I believe that ten years from now, most new homes will have the systems that I’ve put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I’ve put in today.
I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others. But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, “How will I live without them?”
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How to develop a new system.
B. The fun_ction of the PIN.
C. A home for the future.
D. Easy life in the future.
2. This PIN tells the house ________.
A. what you need
B. who and where you are
C. where the lights nearest you are
D. how you wear clothes
3. The writer’s new house is different from ordinary ones mainly because ________.
A. it has been controlled by computers
B. you can make a telephone call anywhere
C. it has your favorite music following you
D. the writer is able to change his new idea into practice
4. What is the writer most likely to be according to the passage?
A. An IT expert.
B. A famous doctor.
C. An idealist.
D. An experienced teacher.
B
“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my daddy back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate must have touched every heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.
But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself, that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all Mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!” I haven’t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.
It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors(挑衅者), and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want me back for Christmas? It’s a serious thought, one to give me pause.
I pray silently, sometimes in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword (剑), and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know that death comes to us all，and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan not to live forever，but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I’m sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.
1. According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph________.
A. puts forward the subject of the text
B. shows the author’s pity on the kid
C. acts as an introduction to the discussion
D. makes a clear statement of the author’s views
2. In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us________.
A. how much he misses his parents now
B. why his parents often appear in his dream
C. when Lucien will get over all his sadness
D. how proud he was when he succeeded in life
3. What feeling did the author’s mother express in her reply?
A. Proud. B. Happy. C. Disappointed. D. Worried.
4. What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem in the last paragraph?
A. Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.
B. Advise parents to stay with their children safely at home.
C. Spend every day meaningfully in memory of the death.
D. Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.
五、书面表达
根据以下表格内容, 以“Our Future Life”为题, 展开合理想象, 用英语写一篇100～120词的文章。
居住地
海底城市
受教育方式
在家，用电视或广播
家务活
机器人承担
购物
在家，用可视电话(videophone)
交通工具
飞行车(flying car)
度假胜地
月球、火星
_______ _________________________________________________________________
______ ___________________________________ ______________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
Unit3 Life in the future-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
学会过去分词作状语的用法；
理解过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语的区别；
能够使用过去分词做状语的情况作对相关题目，灵活使用。
过去分词
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。
过去分词与现在分词作状语
过去分词表完成、被动，与主句主语之间是被动关系；现在分词表进行，主动，与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。
过去分词表完成、被动，作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因，让步，结果，方式，条件等。
观察下列的句子：
Once published, his works (=Once his works was published,) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
PP作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
过去分词作时间状语
1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. =When heated, ice will be changed into water.
2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.
=Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.
过去分词作原因状语
1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
=Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.
2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
=Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
过去分词作条件或者假设状语
1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
=Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.
2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
=Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.
作方式或伴随情况状语
The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.
=The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.
2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. =She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.
lost表示一种迷失心理状态
总结：
1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等；
2.过去分词作状语时，过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。（此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。）例：
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是his hands，而不是句子的主语The murderer，而his hands对于动词tie来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应选D。
注：过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作，因此，当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系——被动。例如：
(Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example:
United we stand, divided we fail. =If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.
1. Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.
2. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
→If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
4. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
→Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
5. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
→Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
→Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.
用过去分词作状语来改写句子。
1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
→Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
2. If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
→Given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
3. As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
→Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
4. When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.
→Questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense.
(Find out the sentences with same meaning.
1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
=Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
=Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
(Compare
1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.—we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)
2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)
3. 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。
____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest.
A. Seeing B. Seen
4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
____ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing B. Seen
(Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle
Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.
Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.
Looking at her, he jumped with joy. Looked at by her, he jumped with joy.
(注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
逻辑关系
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
1） 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2） 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.
如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。
3） 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。这样的
过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
时间概念
过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before.
他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
1. (2014·德州模拟)The boy was sitting in his chair leisurely, ________in the magazine he was reading.
A. being absorbed B. absorbing C. to be absorbed D. absorbed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：那个男孩悠闲地坐在椅子上, 沉浸于他所读的那本杂志之中。本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，需判断该动词与句子主语的关系。absorb与the boy之间为被动关系(be absorbed in意为“沉浸于”)，因此应用其过去分词形式。
答案：D
2. (2014·陕西五校二模)________the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.
A. Being offered B. To offer C. Having offered D. Offered
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：在毕业典礼上发言的机会让我万分高兴。根据句意可知，made之前的部分在句中作主语，故应用动词-ing形式，且offer与the opportunity之间为动宾关系，所以选A项。
答案：A
3. (2014·佳木斯一中调研)________with the increasing unemployment, many people went on strike in most of the European countries.
A. Facing B. Being faced C. Faced D. Having faced
解析：考查非谓语动词。此处考查be faced with...短语，意为“面对……”，放句首时be动词可以省略。空格处是过去分词作状语，(many people were faced with the increasing unemployment)，故选C。
答案：C
4. (2014·南京一模)________that the Youth Olympic Games might be delayed due to severe air pollution, our government has made a promise to Jacques Rogge that they will spare no effort to settle the problem.
A. Warned B. Having warned C. Warning D. Being warned
解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的主语our government和warn构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此处用动词的-ed形式作状语。
答案：A
5. (2014·河南豫北三校联考)________in the bank robbery, Tod was arrested by the local police early in the morning.
A. Involving B. Involved C. To involve D. To be involved
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：因为参与了银行抢劫案，托德一大早就被当地警方逮捕了。Involved in...＝Because Tod was involved in...，在句中作原因状语，involve与Tod之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用involve的过去分词形式。
答案：B
基础演练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. When ________(ask) why he was late, he went red.
2. Deeply ________(move) by the story, she began to cry.
3. He walked out of the house, ________(follow) by his pet dog ________(name) Snoopy.
4. Even if ________(invite), I won’t attend the evening party.
5. The house ________(paint) white, we like it better.
6. The ________(light) candle lighted/lit up the room.
7. When ________(travel), you should take care of yourself.
8. ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days.
9. People are trying to make the once ________(pollute) rivers clean.
10. ________(encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
答案：1.asked 2.moved 3.followed; named 4.invited 5. painted 6.lighted 7.travelling 8.Seeing 9. polluted 10.Encouraged
二、单项填空
1. The strikers and the employer have reached a ________ over new working conditions.
A. agreement B. information C. settlement D. suggestion
2. New ways have to be found to ________ of waste materials and poisonous gases so that we can have cleaned surroundings.
A. deal B. do C. remove D. dispose
3. How exciting! I drove my new car ________ a speed of 110 km/h on Sunday morning.
A. for B. at C. in D. on
4. Be patient, please. Mr. Wang will arrive ________.
A. in an instant B. in instant C. after an instant D. after instant
5. The desert is moving south and ________ many good fields.
A. making up B. speeding up C. swallowing up D. staying up
6. It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted
7. English is understood all over the world ________ Turkish(土耳其语) is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
A. while B. when C. as D. since
8. Now I find the problem ________.
A. easy to work out B. easily to work it out
C. to work out easily D. is easy to be worked out
9. —Your ceiling requires ________.
—Yes, I’ll have some workers ________ it.
A. mending: to mend B. mending: mend
C. to mend: mend D. to be mended: to mend
10. —I wonder if I could use your telephone.
—________.
A. I wonder how B. I don’t wonder
C. Sorry, it’s out of order D. No wonder, here it is
答案：1.C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C
巩固提高
一、.将下列句子改成用过去分词作定语或状语的句子。
1. We have been told to read the book. It was written by a news reporter.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Prices of daily goods which are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Because it was done in a hurry，his homework was full of mistakes.
________________________________________________________________________
4. If the trees were given more water，they could grow much better.
________________________________________________________________________
5. When it is seen from the top of the hill, Chongqing looks very beautiful at night.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1. We have been told to read the book written by a news reporter.
2. Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.
3. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
4. Given more water, the trees could grow much better.
5. Seen from the top of the hill, Chongqing looks very beautiful at night.
二、短文改错
Last summer I go to America and studied at a language school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where I invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of things about China. But I couldn’t explain them with English clearly. I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries in the future.
答案：
Last summer I to America and studied at a language school. I had many wonderful , but I also had a sad one. One day，the school held party, where I invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of things about China. But I couldn’t explain them English clearly. I felt .I learnt a lesson from this experience. I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very .I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. I hope I can be a bridge between China and countries in the future.
一、单项填空
1. ________from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
3. Though ________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
4. ________ not to miss the flight at 15∶20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. To remind D. Having reminded
5. ________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
6. ________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten
C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
7. With the government’s aid, those ________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting
C. affected D. were affected
8. It is one of the funniest things ________ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding B. being found
C. to find D. found
9. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
10. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ________that all children like these things.
A. thought B. to think
C. think D. thinking
11. Most of the people ________ to the English party were my classmates.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. inviting
12. ________in a friendly way, their fierce quarrel finally came to an end.
A. Settled B. Settling
C. Being settled D. Having settled
13. Don’t sit there ________nothing.Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. and doing
14. Once lost, ________.
A. it is difficult to get such a chance again
B. one can never get such a chance
C. such a chance will never come again
D. to get such a chance will be difficult
15. ________mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted all his life to helping the deaf.
A. Remembering
B. Having remembered
C. Remembered
D. To remember
答案：1.A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. C
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项填空
1. Catching ________ sight of their head teacher coming, the students fell silence in ________ flash.
A. the; the B. /; a C. the; / D. /; /
2. If you want to slow down, you must ________ harder on the brakes.
A. take B. press C. sweep D. carry
3. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a ________ of exercise.
A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand
4. Many countries are faced with the problem about how to ________ economic development.
A. take up B. speed up C. get up D. stay up
5. I must ________ your promise ________ you won’t be late again.
A. remind you for; why B. remind you to; in which
C. remind you of; that D. remind you; which
6. —Can you lend me your book on scientific achievements?
—You are not ________ to get this book from me, because I will read it soon.
A. possible B. likely C. perhaps D. probable
7. Don’t worry. There’s still time ________ a newspaper before the bus leaves.
A. left to buy B. leaving to buy C. left buying D. leaving buy
8. ________ I understand what you say, I don’t agree with you.
A. When B. While C. As D. If
9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
10. This is the building ________ during the Qing Dynasty.
A. built B. to be built C. building D. being built
11. ________ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
12. ________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
13. Everything ________, we went home happily.
A. did B. doing C. to do D. done
14. ________, crying.
A. Came in Jack’s wife B. In came Jack’s wife
C. Came in she D. In came she
15. In this seaside resort, you can ________ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.
A. enjoy B. apply C. receive D. achieve
16. We fell in love with the cottage________.
A. at first sight B. at the first sight C. in sight D. out of sight
17. As we all know, it is impolite to read others’________ letters without their permission.
A. selfish B. published C. private D. public
18. The audience ________before TV sets are listening to Yi Zhongtian’s stories with their eyes ________upon him.
A. seating; fixing B. seated; fixing C. seated; fixed D. seating; fixed
19. —What about the student in your class, Mr.Wang?
—The doctor said that ________sleep caused him poor memory and poor concentration.
A. lacking of B. lacked in C. lacking D. lack for
20. Thousands of houses fell down in the earthquake. It seemed that everything happened________.
A. in a while B. in a hurry C. in a mess D. in a flash
答案：1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. D
二、翻译句子
1. 许多最新发明正在展览会上展出。(up—to—date)
________________________________________________________________________
2. 又给了一次机会，那个激动的男孩高兴得跳了起来。(过去分词作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
3. 一出火车站，火车就开始加速。(speed up)
______________________________________________________________________
4. 我一进教室，铃就响了。(the instant)
________________________________________________________________________
5. 我对他的所作所为不满意。(what)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1.Many up-to-date inventions are on show in the exhibition.
2. Given another chance，the excited boy jumped with joy.
3. The moment the train left the station，it began to speed up.
4. The bell rang the instant I entered the classroom.
5. I’m not satisfied with what he did.
三、完形填空
I was working as a consultant(顾问) in a beer company, __21__the president and senior vice-presidents create and put into their new strategic(战略的) vision. It was an__22__challenge.
At the same time, my __23__was in the final stages of cancer.
I worked during__24__and drove 40 miles home to be with her every night. It was__25__and stressful, but it was__26__I wanted to do. My duty was to continue to do excellent consulting during the day, __27__my evenings were very hard. I didn’t mean__28__the president with my situation, __29__I felt someone at the company needed to know what was going on. So I told the vice-president of Human Resources, asking him not to__30__the information with anyone.
A few days__31__, the president called me into his office. I figured he wanted to talk to me about one of the many issues we were__32__.When I entered, he__33__me to sit down. He faced me from across his large desk, looked me in__34__eyes and said, “I hear your mother is very__35__.”
I was __36__caught by surprise and burst into tears. He just__37__at me, let my crying subside (平息), and then gently said a sentence I will__38__forget: “Whatever you need.”
That was__39__.His understanding and his willingness to let me be in my pain and to offer me__40__were qualities of compassion (同情) that I carry with me to this day.
1. A. helped B. helping C. to help D. help
2. A. enormous B. easy C. empty D. exciting
3. A. mother B. father C. daughter D. grandmother
4. A. the night B. the morning C. the day D. the noon
5. A. tired B. tiring C. to tire D. tiresome
6. A. that B. how C. which D. what
7. A. even through B. as if C. even though D. as though
8. A. bothering B. to bother C. bothered D. to be bothered
9. A. yet B. and C. however D. so
10. A. tell B. say C. share D. give
11. A. before B. late C. later D. ago
12. A. working at B. working for C. working out D. working on
13. A. made B. let C. asked D. had
14. A. my B. his C. the D. her
15. A. well B. fine C. worse D. ill
16. A. total B. in total C. totally D. total up
17. A. stared B. glared C. looked D. glanced
18. A. ever B. never C. seldom D. usually
19. A. this B. him C. that D. it
20. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C
四、阅读理解
A
My house is made out of wood, glass and stone. It is also made out of software.
If you come to visit, you’ll probably be surprised when you come in. Someone will give you an electronic PIN(个人身份号码) to wear. This PIN tells the house who and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When it’s dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights nearest to you, and then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.
Of course, you are also able to tell the house if you want something. There is a home control console(控制台), a small machine that turns things on and off around you.
The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket. If I give you my car keys, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the keys. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.
I believe that ten years from now, most new homes will have the systems that I’ve put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigger and better than the ones I’ve put in today.
I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others. But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, “How will I live without them?”
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How to develop a new system.
B. The fun_ction of the PIN.
C. A home for the future.
D. Easy life in the future.
2. This PIN tells the house ________.
A. what you need
B. who and where you are
C. where the lights nearest you are
D. how you wear clothes
3. The writer’s new house is different from ordinary ones mainly because ________.
A. it has been controlled by computers
B. you can make a telephone call anywhere
C. it has your favorite music following you
D. the writer is able to change his new idea into practice
4. What is the writer most likely to be according to the passage?
A. An IT expert.
B. A famous doctor.
C. An idealist.
D. An experienced teacher.
答案：1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A
B
“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my daddy back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate must have touched every heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.
But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father is there too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself, that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all Mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!” I haven’t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.
It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors(挑衅者), and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want me back for Christmas? It’s a serious thought, one to give me pause.
I pray silently, sometimes in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword (剑), and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know that death comes to us all，and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan not to live forever，but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I’m sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.
1. According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph________.
A. puts forward the subject of the text
B. shows the author’s pity on the kid
C. acts as an introduction to the discussion
D. makes a clear statement of the author’s views
2. In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us________.
A. how much he misses his parents now
B. why his parents often appear in his dream
C. when Lucien will get over all his sadness
D. how proud he was when he succeeded in life
3. What feeling did the author’s mother express in her reply?
A. Proud. B. Happy. C. Disappointed. D. Worried.
4. What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem in the last paragraph?
A. Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.
B. Advise parents to stay with their children safely at home.
C. Spend every day meaningfully in memory of the death.
D. Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.
答案：1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D
五、书面表达
根据以下表格内容, 以“Our Future Life”为题, 展开合理想象, 用英语写一篇100～120词的文章。
居住地
海底城市
受教育方式
在家，用电视或广播
家务活
机器人承担
购物
在家，用可视电话(videophone)
交通工具
飞行车(flying car)
度假胜地
月球、火星
_______ _________________________________________________________________
______ ___________________________________ ______________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
_______ _________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Our Future Life
With the fast development of science and technology, people are living a better and better life. Maybe in the future, we’ll not live on the earth, but in the undersea city. We needn’t get up so early just in order to get to school on time. Instead, we can just listen to the teacher at home with the help of television or broadcast. We will have enough time to enjoy our life since we needn’t do housework any more—the robot will do that. Besides, we can buy whatever we want without going to the shop in person only if we use the videophone. And when we have a long holiday, we can drive our own flying car to travel anywhere, say to the moon or the Mars.
It’s really worth looking forward to!
