Unit1 Women of achievement词汇篇
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要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。
一、重点短语
1.蔑视；看不起 look down upon
2.查阅；参考；谈到；涉及 refer to
3.离开；启程；出发 move off
4.过着……的生活 lead a …life
5.碰巧；凑巧 by chance
6.继续；坚持 carry on
7.（偶然）遇见；碰见 come across
8.（想法、问题等）涌上心头 crowd in
二、词义辨析
1. battle/war/fight：
battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗或个人之间的争斗
E.g. The two armies battled all night.
war战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争
E.g. Their courage brought the people through the war.
fight最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗
E.g. After a fierce fight, the enemy yielded to us.
2. look forward to期望；期待；盼望（其中to为介词）
短语扩展
look through习惯于
look on…as…把……看作……
look up to尊敬
look up抬头看；查阅；改善；好转
look back(on sth.)回忆；回顾
look around环顾；四下查看
look into调查
look on 旁观
look ahead超前看；展望未来
look out 当心
3. worthwhile/worth/worthy
（1）从句法功能上看
worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。
E.g. It isn’t worth the trouble. 不值得费那个事。
He is a worthy gentleman. 他是位值得尊敬的绅士。
His behavior is worthy of great praise. 他的行为值得高度赞扬。
They achieved a very worthwhile result. 他们取得了很有价值的成果。
We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
我们等了很久，但还算值得，因为我们把票买到了。
（2）从所使用的修饰语来看
worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰(要表示类似意思可用 well)，而 worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用
副词very修饰。
E.g. That is very worthy of our attention. 那件事很值得我们注意。
Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理工作是很值得干的职业。
但习惯上不说：The work is very worth doing. (very 应改为 well)
（3）从搭配习惯来看
有关 be worth 的搭配习惯
a)be worth后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。
E.g. The picture is worth $ 500. 这幅画值 500 美元。
The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。
What is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得干的事就得干好。
注意：其后可接动名词，不能接不定式，且接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。
b)在现代英语中，在be worth前使用形式主语it被认为是合习惯的。
E.g. It isn’t worth repairing the car. 这辆汽车不值得修了。
Is it worth visiting the city? 这个城市值得去看吗?
但是，若不用形式主语it而直接用动名词作主语，则是错误的。
E.g. Repairing the car is worth.（误）
c)在be worth doing 结构中，除非句首用了形式主语it，否则句子主语总应是其动名词的逻辑宾语；
若其中的动词不及物，应考虑加上适当的介词。
E.g. Nothing he said was worth listening to. 他说的话没有一句值得听。
She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气。
有关 be worthy 的搭配习惯
a)be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词 of。
E.g. Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他们的努力应得到你的支持。
Her behavior is worthy of praise. 她的行为是值得赞扬的。
b)与be worth后只接动名词不接不定式不同，be worthy后不接动名词，而接不定式(若该不定式要
表示被动意义，则应用被动形式)。
E.g. He is worthy to receive such honor. 他应该得到这种荣誉。
This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。
c)若要在be worthy后接动名词，与后接名词时的情形一样，应借助介词of，且该动名词若要表示
被动意义，要用被动形式。
E.g. He is worthy of filling [=to fill] the post. 这个职位他当之无愧。
This suggestion is worthy of being considered [=to be considered]. 这个建议值得考虑。
有关 be worthwhile 的搭配习惯
a) be worthwhile 后接动名词或不定式均可。
E.g. It is worthwhile buying the dictionary. 这本词典值得买。(其中的 worthwhile 也可换成 worth)
It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 这个计划值得再讨论一次。(其中的 worthwhile 不能换
worth，因为其后接用了不定式)
b)有时可将worthwhile分开写，此时也可在其中加上one’s。
E.g. I’d think it worthwhile to go. 我认为值得去。
Do you think it’s worthwhile quarrelling with me? 你认为与我吵值得吗?
Would you like to do some gardening for me? I’ll make it worth your while.
你愿意在我的花园里干些活吗? 我不会亏待你的。
It is worth your while visiting [to visit] the museum. 这个博物馆值得你去看看。
c)按传统语法，It is worth (one’s) while to do sth. [doing sth.] 结构必须用it作形式主语，其中的不定式或动名词做句子的真正主语。
（4）一句多译
在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。
如：那个地方值得一去。
正：The place is worth a visit.
正：The place is worthy of a visit.
正：The place is worth visiting.
正：It is worth visiting the place.
正：The place is worthy of being visited.
正：The place is worthy to be visited.
正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.
正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.
三、要点梳理
1. achievement (cn.)成就；功绩 (un.)完成，实现
a sense of achievement成就感
a sense of direction方向感
achieve one’s goal达到目标
achieve one’s success获得成功
2. campaign (n.)运动；战役 (vi.)作战；参加运动
launch/start a campaign against…发动一场反对……的运动
campaign for/ against…参加争取/反对……的运动
campaign to do sth.为了做某事而进行运动
3. behave(v.)举动；（举止或行为）表现
behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/不好
behave oneself守规矩；表现得体
behavior[U]举止；行为；态度[U,C]（人、动物等的）表现方式，活动方式
well-behaved (adj.)表现好的
badly-behaved (adj.)表现差的
4. move off向前移动（以腾出空间）
move in迁入新居
move on变换（工作、话题等）；前进
move away搬走
remove去除；移开
5. observe (vt.)观察；观测；遵守observation(n.)
observe sb.do sth.观察到某人做了某事
observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事
observe +that从句发现……
observe (vt.)
1)观察；观测：I felt he was observing everything I did.
2)遵守、奉行：We should the rules and regulations.
3)庆祝；祝贺；欢度：Some students are going to observe Christmas Day with their foreign teachers.
6.“only+状语（从句）”位于句首，句子/主句要部分倒装
only置于句首一般分为下列三种情况：
1)“only+副词”位于句首时，句子要倒装：Only then did she realize her mistake.
2)“only+介词短语”位于句首时，句子要倒装：
E.g. Only by studying hard will you make progress I your study
3)“only+状语（从句）”位于句首，主句要倒装，从句不倒装
E.g. Only when I reached the top of mountain did I feel a great sense of achievement.
7. respect (n)敬意；细节；方面(v.)尊敬；尊重；遵守
respect sb. for (doing) sth.
have /show respect to关于；就……而言
self-respect(n)自尊
respectable(adj.)值得尊敬的
respectful(adj.)表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectfully(adv.)恭敬地
respective(adj.)各自的，分别的
8. argue讨论；争论；辩论
argue with sb.(about/over/on sth.)（就某事）与某人争论
argue for/against sth.据理赞成/反对某事
argue that…主张……；认为……
argue sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事
9. crowd(n)人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤
E.g. Thousands of people crowed the narrow streets.
crowd into one’s mind涌入某人的脑海
crowd in(on sb.)（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd in/into(sth.)大批涌入（狭小的空间）
be crowded with挤满……；充满着……
10. support (n.)&(vt.)支持；拥护
support oneself自主谋生
come to one’s support支持某人
in support of为了支持……为了拥护……
11. refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；涉及
refer to…as称……为
refer to/consult a dictionary=look up sth. in the dictionary（为……）查字典
refer to sb./sth.描述；涉及
reference(n.)参考
12. by chance碰巧；凑巧
by chance /accident碰巧；凑巧
by design/on purpose有益地；故意地
13. come across（偶然）碰见；遇见；发现
come about发生
come up 长出地面；（太阳）升起；发生；被提及；被讨论
come up with提出；想出
14. It seems/seemed that…看来……；好像……
该句型可转换为：Sb. / Sth. seems/seemed+不定式。其他含seem的相关句型常用的还有：
It seems +adj./n.看起来好像……
It seems as if/as though…看起来好像……
There seems(to be)…看起来像……
15. intend (vt.)计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
be intended to do为了做……
be intended for专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.本打算做某事（但没有做）
16. consideration(u.)体谅；体贴；关心；考虑
take…into consideration考虑到……；体谅……
be under consideration在考虑中；在审议中
in consideration of考虑到；鉴于
consider(v.)仔细考虑
considerate考虑周到的
considerable(adj.)相当多（或大、重要等）的
17. deliver(vt.)生（小孩儿）；接生；递送；发表（演说等）
deliver…to…把……交给/传递给……
deliver a baby助产；接生
be delivered of a baby分娩；生孩子
deliver a speech发表演说
18. carry on继续；坚持
carry out实行；执行；进行；履行（诺言、义务等）
carry off获得（奖品、荣誉等）；赢得
carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事
carry away 带走；冲走
例1.（2014河南六市联考）A(n)_______of achievement clearly has an influence on children’s early
education.
A. idea B. sense C. need D. mind
例 2.（2014天津蓟县模拟）Though plastic bags really brought convenience to us, they also _______ many
problems for the environment.
A. led to B. referred to C. contributed to D. appealed to
例3.（2014安徽）Terry, please _______your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.
A. look up from B. look into C. look back on D. look through
例4. （2014陕西西安一模）The door burst open and ______, shouting with anger..
A. rushed in a crowd B. in rushing a crowd C. in rushed a crowd D. in a crowd did rush
例5.（2014福建）It is widely acknowledged that students should be _______.
A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled
基础演练
1. By working hard, he has _________(实现) his goal.
2. He won a prize for good __________(行为) a t school.
3. He is the president of a large international ___________(组织).
4. He is a much loved and highly __________(尊敬)teacher.
5. These measures are strongly __________ (支持) by environmental groups.
6. The man they _________ to(提到的) just now is Mr. White.
7. I have an __________(争论) with her on this topic.
8. I’m honored to __________ (做演讲) a speech here.
9. I have been dreaming of becoming a doctor since my ____________(童年)
10. The book is ___________(供……使用) for children.
巩固提高
1.(2014湖北)Is this your necklace, Marry? I _______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. went for B. looked after C. dealt with D. came across
2.(2014江西南昌月考) I don’t think the chair can take your weight; it’s _______children.
A. traded with B. referred to C. connected to D. intended for
3. For the big house, the price is fairly cheap, but you’ve got to take into _________ the money you’ll spend on home improvement.
A. consideration B. thoughtfulness C. responsibility D. measures
4.(2014天津)The recent financial crisis_______ into consideration, the Japanese boss ______ back on the number of workers working for him.
A. taking; cuts B. was taken; cut C. taken; cut D.to take; cutting
5.(2014湖南十三校联考)I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ________fine.
A. look out B. stay up C. carry on D. get along
1. --How soon will the candidates get their university admissions?
--It may take three weeks for all the applications to be ________.
A. withdrawn B. delivered C. edited D. processed
2.--Chinese former Premier Wen Jiabao________an important speech in the climate change conference in Copenhagen
A. stated B. issued C. delivered D. addressed
3. The meal was over, and the managers went back to the meeting room to_____ their discussion.
A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on
4. He was in the very act of starting the engine when the power source was______.
A. carried on B. cut off C. picked out D. come across
5. I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just _______.
A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance
6. The host picked several people from the audience _______ and invited them to the stage to have a dialogue.
A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
7. The sun rose, as it always _______, in a clear sky.
A. is B. does C. likes D. seems
8. Being the First Lady and a mother of two, Mrs. Obama has launched her______ against childhood obesity in the US, hoping to encourage people to live healthier lives.
A. campaign B. war C. fight D. battle
9. Proud of his African _______, he often writes in his poetry about the beautiful shores of Africa, the land of his ancestors.
A. achievements B. discoveries C. accents D. roots
10. My parents often inspire me,“________ till you make it."
A. Fight B. Fighting C. To tight D. Fought
11. The Red-cross Societies________$1,000,000 for the refugees who lost their houses in the tsunami.
A. supported B. kept C. rose D. raised
12. Having a large family to ________, he took up two part-time jobs in his spare time.
A. measure B. deliver C. respect D. support
13. --My son is learning English. What dictionary shall I buy for him?
--What about this one? It is __________ for beginners.
A. intended B. operated C. offered D. delivered
14. The word “unbelievable” based on Chinese, which has become a big hit online very quickly, _______a message that Chinese can also serve as an addition to English vocabulary.
A. delivers B. simplifies C. declares D. clarifies
15. _______seems to be a strong competition for students to enter a key university.
A. It B. There C. What D. That
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一、单项选择
1. ______ good, this kind of fruit sells very well in our city.
A. Taste B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. Having been tasted
2. The ______ look on his face suggested that he ______ that he would fail in the Math test.
A. surprising; wouldn’t expect B. surprising; hadn’t expected
C. surprised; hadn’t expected D. surprised; shouldn’t expect
3. I think he must have seen me at the meeting last night, ______?
A. didn’t he B. don’t I C. do I D. mustn’t he
4. The Changjiang River has been polluted badly and is not good _______.
A. to swim it B. to be swum in C. to swim in it D.to swim in
5. Thomas _____ in inventing many electrical machines
A. was successful B. succeed C. was success D. successes
6. I would love ______ to the party that evening, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
7. It is well known to all that water, ______ enough, can change into ice quickly.
A. if cooling B. though to be cooled C. when cooled D. when is cooled
8. Mr.Wang ______ the person referred to at the meeting be put in prison.
A. said B. wished C. agreed D. suggested
9. Is this school ______you studied in three years ago?
A. where B. that C. the one D. which
10. _____ hardly made Mike pay any attention to _____ his mistakes.
A. Scolding; correcting B. Being scolded; correct
C. Being scolded; correcting D. Having been scolded; correct
11. Hardly ______ on the bus ______ the bus drove off.
A. did he get; than B. had he got; when C. did he get; when D. had he got; than
12. --Which sport is the most popular in the US?
--It’s hard to say. It largely ______ what you mean by “popular”?
A. belongs to B. comes about C. depends on D. determines on
13. I _____ when it began to rain.
A. was about to going out B. was in the point of going out
C. was on the point of going out D. both A and C
14.You never imagine what trouble I have had ______ your house. It took me nearly 2 hours.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. for finding
15.______ in her novel that she didn’t hear what I was saying.
A. So absorbed had Nancy B. So absorbed Nancy was
C. So absorbed was Nancy D. So absorbed Nancy had
二、完型选择
In 1990 a report was published about1 the earth might be like 20 years from then on. The report was a result of a three-year study.
According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2010 is not a 2 one. The world will be more 3 because the population will continue to grow. The population could be4 6,300 million, almost 2,500 million more than in 1985.More people would move into cities,5 cities in developing countries. Such cities as Cairo and Jakarta probably would6have 15 million by then.
Food production will7, but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1985, 8most of the increase would be in countries that9produce enough food for their people.10increase is expected in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poor farming ways are11large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is12as cities become larger and more houses are built.13will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil．Many of the world’s forests could disappear as more and more trees 14.Energy will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 201015.They only pictured the situation that16today. By changing the situation, by17 the problems, the picture can be changed. There is18time for nations of the world to 19a plan of action. But they warned that 20too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success.
1. A. that B. whether C. how D. what
2. A. pleased B. pleasant C. safe D. clean
3. A. dangerous B. brilliant C. crowded D. awful
4. A. no more than B. as many as C. as much as D. as large as
5. A. especially B. specially C. deliberately D. apparently
6. A. none B. each C. all D. neither
7. A. insist B. reduce C. increase D. continue
8. A.so B. but C. or D. however
9. A. already B. hardly C. partly D. never
10. A. Much B. More C. Heavy D. Little
11. A. destroying B. protecting C. disturbing D. interrupting
12. A. saved B. lost C. discovered D. used
13.A.Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Some diseases D. All farmland
14. A.is cut across B.is cut up C. are cut down D. are cut off
15. A. must be true B. will come true C. can’t be true D. may be wrong
16. A. happens B. develops C. exists D. appears
17. A. settling B. working out C. answering D. dealing
18. A. much B. still C. less D. fewer
19. A. work about B. work at C. work out D. work for
20.A. working B. suggesting C. spending D. waiting
Unit1 Women of achievement词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
要求学生掌握本单元的重点单词、重点短语、重要词汇辨析并能熟练应用。
一、重点短语
1.蔑视；看不起 look down upon
2.查阅；参考；谈到；涉及 refer to
3.离开；启程；出发 move off
4.过着……的生活 lead a …life
5.碰巧；凑巧 by chance
6.继续；坚持 carry on
7.（偶然）遇见；碰见 come across
8.（想法、问题等）涌上心头 crowd in
二、词义辨析
1. battle/war/fight：
battle侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗或个人之间的争斗
E.g. The two armies battled all night.
war战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争
E.g. Their courage brought the people through the war.
fight最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗
E.g. After a fierce fight, the enemy yielded to us.
2. look forward to期望；期待；盼望（其中to为介词）
短语扩展
look through习惯于
look on…as…把……看作……
look up to尊敬
look up抬头看；查阅；改善；好转
look back(on sth.)回忆；回顾
look around环顾；四下查看
look into调查
look on 旁观
look ahead超前看；展望未来
look out 当心
3. worthwhile/worth/worthy
（1）从句法功能上看
worth 通常只用作表语，不用于名词前作定语；worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表语和定语。
E.g. It isn’t worth the trouble. 不值得费那个事。
He is a worthy gentleman. 他是位值得尊敬的绅士。
His behavior is worthy of great praise. 他的行为值得高度赞扬。
They achieved a very worthwhile result. 他们取得了很有价值的成果。
We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
我们等了很久，但还算值得，因为我们把票买到了。
（2）从所使用的修饰语来看
worth 习惯上不用 very 修饰(要表示类似意思可用 well)，而 worthy 和 worthwhile 则可以用
副词very修饰。
E.g. That is very worthy of our attention. 那件事很值得我们注意。
Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理工作是很值得干的职业。
但习惯上不说：The work is very worth doing. (very 应改为 well)
（3）从搭配习惯来看
有关 be worth 的搭配习惯
a)be worth后可直接跟名词、代词或动名词。
E.g. The picture is worth $ 500. 这幅画值 500 美元。
The clock is hardly worth repairing. 这台钟简直不值得修理。
What is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得干的事就得干好。
注意：其后可接动名词，不能接不定式，且接动名词时，总是用主动形式表示被动意义。
b)在现代英语中，在be worth前使用形式主语it被认为是合习惯的。
E.g. It isn’t worth repairing the car. 这辆汽车不值得修了。
Is it worth visiting the city? 这个城市值得去看吗?
但是，若不用形式主语it而直接用动名词作主语，则是错误的。
E.g. Repairing the car is worth.（误）
c)在be worth doing 结构中，除非句首用了形式主语it，否则句子主语总应是其动名词的逻辑宾语；
若其中的动词不及物，应考虑加上适当的介词。
E.g. Nothing he said was worth listening to. 他说的话没有一句值得听。
She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气。
有关 be worthy 的搭配习惯
a)be worthy 后不能直接跟名词、代词或动名词，若要接，应借助介词 of。
E.g. Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他们的努力应得到你的支持。
Her behavior is worthy of praise. 她的行为是值得赞扬的。
b)与be worth后只接动名词不接不定式不同，be worthy后不接动名词，而接不定式(若该不定式要
表示被动意义，则应用被动形式)。
E.g. He is worthy to receive such honor. 他应该得到这种荣誉。
This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。
c)若要在be worthy后接动名词，与后接名词时的情形一样，应借助介词of，且该动名词若要表示
被动意义，要用被动形式。
E.g. He is worthy of filling [=to fill] the post. 这个职位他当之无愧。
This suggestion is worthy of being considered [=to be considered]. 这个建议值得考虑。
有关 be worthwhile 的搭配习惯
a) be worthwhile 后接动名词或不定式均可。
E.g. It is worthwhile buying the dictionary. 这本词典值得买。(其中的 worthwhile 也可换成 worth)
It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 这个计划值得再讨论一次。(其中的 worthwhile 不能换
worth，因为其后接用了不定式)
b)有时可将worthwhile分开写，此时也可在其中加上one’s。
E.g. I’d think it worthwhile to go. 我认为值得去。
Do you think it’s worthwhile quarrelling with me? 你认为与我吵值得吗?
Would you like to do some gardening for me? I’ll make it worth your while.
你愿意在我的花园里干些活吗? 我不会亏待你的。
It is worth your while visiting [to visit] the museum. 这个博物馆值得你去看看。
c)按传统语法，It is worth (one’s) while to do sth. [doing sth.] 结构必须用it作形式主语，其中的不定式或动名词做句子的真正主语。
（4）一句多译
在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。
如：那个地方值得一去。
正：The place is worth a visit.
正：The place is worthy of a visit.
正：The place is worth visiting.
正：It is worth visiting the place.
正：The place is worthy of being visited.
正：The place is worthy to be visited.
正：It is worthwhile visiting the place.
正：It is worthwhile to visit the place.
三、要点梳理
1. achievement (cn.)成就；功绩 (un.)完成，实现
a sense of achievement成就感
a sense of direction方向感
achieve one’s goal达到目标
achieve one’s success获得成功
2. campaign (n.)运动；战役 (vi.)作战；参加运动
launch/start a campaign against…发动一场反对……的运动
campaign for/ against…参加争取/反对……的运动
campaign to do sth.为了做某事而进行运动
3. behave(v.)举动；（举止或行为）表现
behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/不好
behave oneself守规矩；表现得体
behavior[U]举止；行为；态度[U,C]（人、动物等的）表现方式，活动方式
well-behaved (adj.)表现好的
badly-behaved (adj.)表现差的
4. move off向前移动（以腾出空间）
move in迁入新居
move on变换（工作、话题等）；前进
move away搬走
remove去除；移开
5. observe (vt.)观察；观测；遵守observation(n.)
observe sb.do sth.观察到某人做了某事
observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事
observe +that从句发现……
observe (vt.)
1)观察；观测：I felt he was observing everything I did.
2)遵守、奉行：We should the rules and regulations.
3)庆祝；祝贺；欢度：Some students are going to observe Christmas Day with their foreign teachers.
6.“only+状语（从句）”位于句首，句子/主句要部分倒装
only置于句首一般分为下列三种情况：
1)“only+副词”位于句首时，句子要倒装：Only then did she realize her mistake.
2)“only+介词短语”位于句首时，句子要倒装：
E.g. Only by studying hard will you make progress I your study
3)“only+状语（从句）”位于句首，主句要倒装，从句不倒装
E.g. Only when I reached the top of mountain did I feel a great sense of achievement.
7. respect (n)敬意；细节；方面(v.)尊敬；尊重；遵守
respect sb. for (doing) sth.
have /show respect to关于；就……而言
self-respect(n)自尊
respectable(adj.)值得尊敬的
respectful(adj.)表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectfully(adv.)恭敬地
respective(adj.)各自的，分别的
8. argue讨论；争论；辩论
argue with sb.(about/over/on sth.)（就某事）与某人争论
argue for/against sth.据理赞成/反对某事
argue that…主张……；认为……
argue sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事
9. crowd(n)人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤
E.g. Thousands of people crowed the narrow streets.
crowd into one’s mind涌入某人的脑海
crowd in(on sb.)（想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海
crowd in/into(sth.)大批涌入（狭小的空间）
be crowded with挤满……；充满着……
10. support (n.)&(vt.)支持；拥护
support oneself自主谋生
come to one’s support支持某人
in support of为了支持……为了拥护……
11. refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；涉及
refer to…as称……为
refer to/consult a dictionary=look up sth. in the dictionary（为……）查字典
refer to sb./sth.描述；涉及
reference(n.)参考
12. by chance碰巧；凑巧
by chance /accident碰巧；凑巧
by design/on purpose有益地；故意地
13. come across（偶然）碰见；遇见；发现
come about发生
come up 长出地面；（太阳）升起；发生；被提及；被讨论
come up with提出；想出
14. It seems/seemed that…看来……；好像……
该句型可转换为：Sb. / Sth. seems/seemed+不定式。其他含seem的相关句型常用的还有：
It seems +adj./n.看起来好像……
It seems as if/as though…看起来好像……
There seems(to be)…看起来像……
15. intend (vt.)计划；打算
intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
be intended to do为了做……
be intended for专门为……而设计的；专供……使用的
had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.本打算做某事（但没有做）
16. consideration(u.)体谅；体贴；关心；考虑
take…into consideration考虑到……；体谅……
be under consideration在考虑中；在审议中
in consideration of考虑到；鉴于
consider(v.)仔细考虑
considerate考虑周到的
considerable(adj.)相当多（或大、重要等）的
17. deliver(vt.)生（小孩儿）；接生；递送；发表（演说等）
deliver…to…把……交给/传递给……
deliver a baby助产；接生
be delivered of a baby分娩；生孩子
deliver a speech发表演说
18. carry on继续；坚持
carry out实行；执行；进行；履行（诺言、义务等）
carry off获得（奖品、荣誉等）；赢得
carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事
carry away 带走；冲走
例1.（2014河南六市联考）A(n)_______of achievement clearly has an influence on children’s early
education.
A. idea B. sense C. need D. mind
解析：根据句意“成就感显然对孩子早期的教育有影响”idea主意；sense感觉；need需要；mind心思，想法。a sense of achievement“成就感”
答案：B。
例 2.（2014天津蓟县模拟）Though plastic bags really brought convenience to us, they also _______ many
problems for the environment.
A. led to B. referred to C. contributed to D. appealed to
解析：根据句意“尽管塑料袋真的给我们带来了便利，但是对环境而言它们也引发了许多问题。”
led to导致；引起；refer to参考；contribute to对……有贡献；appealed to吸引；根据语境，“引起”
符合句意。
答案：A。
例3.（2014安徽）Terry, please _______your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.
A. look up from B. look into C. look back on D. look through
解析：根据句意“Terry，当奶奶和你说话的时候，请将头从手机上抬起来。” look up from“从……抬起头”look into“调查”；look back on“回顾”；look through“浏览”
答案：A。
例4. （2014陕西西安一模）The door burst open and ______, shouting with anger..
A. rushed in a crowd B. in rushing a crowd C. in rushed a crowd D. in a crowd did rush
解析：根据句意“门突然打开，一群人愤怒地喊着冲了进来。”表示位置的副词置于句首，构成句子全部倒装，a crowd意思为“一群人”。
答案：C。
例5.（2014福建）It is widely acknowledged that students should be _______.
A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled
解析：根据句意“普遍认为应该从综合素质方面评价学生。”supported“支持”；matched “相配”；evaluated“评估”；controlled“控制”。
答案：C。
基础演练
1. By working hard, he has _________(实现) his goal.
2. He won a prize for good __________(行为) a t school.
3. He is the president of a large international ___________(组织).
4. He is a much loved and highly __________(尊敬)teacher.
5. These measures are strongly __________ (支持) by environmental groups.
6. The man they _________ to(提到的) just now is Mr. White.
7. I have an __________(争论) with her on this topic.
8. I’m honored to __________ (做演讲) a speech here.
9. I have been dreaming of becoming a doctor since my ____________(童年)
10. The book is ___________(供……使用) for children.
Keys:
1. achieved 2.behavior(u)r 3.organization 4.respected 5.supported
6. referred 7.argument 8.deliver 9. childhood 10.intended
巩固提高
1.(2014湖北)Is this your necklace, Marry? I _______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. went for B. looked after C. dealt with D. came across
2.(2014江西南昌月考) I don’t think the chair can take your weight; it’s _______children.
A. traded with B. referred to C. connected to D. intended for
3. For the big house, the price is fairly cheap, but you’ve got to take into _________ the money you’ll spend on home improvement.
A. consideration B. thoughtfulness C. responsibility D. measures
4.(2014天津)The recent financial crisis_______ into consideration, the Japanese boss ______ back on the number of workers working for him.
A. taking; cuts B. was taken; cut C. taken; cut D.to take; cutting
5.(2014湖南十三校联考)I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ________fine.
A. look out B. stay up C. carry on D. get along
Keys:
1-5:DDACD
1. --How soon will the candidates get their university admissions?
--It may take three weeks for all the applications to be ________.
A. withdrawn B. delivered C. edited D. processed
2.--Chinese former Premier Wen Jiabao________an important speech in the climate change conference in Copenhagen
A. stated B. issued C. delivered D. addressed
3. The meal was over, and the managers went back to the meeting room to_____ their discussion.
A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on
4. He was in the very act of starting the engine when the power source was______.
A. carried on B. cut off C. picked out D. come across
5. I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll ask you again just _______.
A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance
6. The host picked several people from the audience _______ and invited them to the stage to have a dialogue.
A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
7. The sun rose, as it always _______, in a clear sky.
A. is B. does C. likes D. seems
8. Being the First Lady and a mother of two, Mrs. Obama has launched her______ against childhood obesity in the US, hoping to encourage people to live healthier lives.
A. campaign B. war C. fight D. battle
9. Proud of his African _______, he often writes in his poetry about the beautiful shores of Africa, the land of his ancestors.
A. achievements B. discoveries C. accents D. roots
10. My parents often inspire me,“________ till you make it."
A. Fight B. Fighting C. To tight D. Fought
11. The Red-cross Societies________$1,000,000 for the refugees who lost their houses in the tsunami.
A. supported B. kept C. rose D. raised
12. Having a large family to ________, he took up two part-time jobs in his spare time.
A. measure B. deliver C. respect D. support
13. --My son is learning English. What dictionary shall I buy for him?
--What about this one? It is __________ for beginners.
A. intended B. operated C. offered D. delivered
14. The word “unbelievable” based on Chinese, which has become a big hit online very quickly, _______a message that Chinese can also serve as an addition to English vocabulary.
A. delivers B. simplifies C. declares D. clarifies
15. _______seems to be a strong competition for students to enter a key university.
A. It B. There C. What D. That
Keys:
1-5 DCDBC 6-10 ABADA 11-15DDAAB
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
1. ______ good, this kind of fruit sells very well in our city.
A. Taste B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. Having been tasted
2. The ______ look on his face suggested that he ______ that he would fail in the Math test.
A. surprising; wouldn’t expect B. surprising; hadn’t expected
C. surprised; hadn’t expected D. surprised; shouldn’t expect
3. I think he must have seen me at the meeting last night, ______?
A. didn’t he B. don’t I C. do I D. mustn’t he
4. The Changjiang River has been polluted badly and is not good _______.
A. to swim it B. to be swum in C. to swim in it D.to swim in
5. Thomas _____ in inventing many electrical machines
A. was successful B. succeed C. was success D. successes
6. I would love ______ to the party that evening, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
7. It is well known to all that water, ______ enough, can change into ice quickly.
A. if cooling B. though to be cooled C. when cooled D. when is cooled
8. Mr.Wang ______ the person referred to at the meeting be put in prison.
A. said B. wished C. agreed D. suggested
9. Is this school ______you studied in three years ago?
A. where B. that C. the one D. which
10. _____ hardly made Mike pay any attention to _____ his mistakes.
A. Scolding; correcting B. Being scolded; correct
C. Being scolded; correcting D. Having been scolded; correct
11. Hardly ______ on the bus ______ the bus drove off.
A. did he get; than B. had he got; when C. did he get; when D. had he got; than
12. --Which sport is the most popular in the US?
--It’s hard to say. It largely ______ what you mean by “popular”?
A. belongs to B. comes about C. depends on D. determines on
13. I _____ when it began to rain.
A. was about to going out B. was in the point of going out
C. was on the point of going out D. both A and C
14.You never imagine what trouble I have had ______ your house. It took me nearly 2 hours.
A. to find B. finding C. found D. for finding
15.______ in her novel that she didn’t hear what I was saying.
A. So absorbed had Nancy B. So absorbed Nancy was
C. So absorbed was Nancy D. So absorbed Nancy had
二、完型选择
In 1990 a report was published about1 the earth might be like 20 years from then on. The report was a result of a three-year study.
According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2010 is not a 2 one. The world will be more 3 because the population will continue to grow. The population could be4 6,300 million, almost 2,500 million more than in 1985.More people would move into cities,5 cities in developing countries. Such cities as Cairo and Jakarta probably would6have 15 million by then.
Food production will7, but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1985, 8most of the increase would be in countries that9produce enough food for their people.10increase is expected in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poor farming ways are11large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is12as cities become larger and more houses are built.13will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil．Many of the world’s forests could disappear as more and more trees 14.Energy will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 201015.They only pictured the situation that16today. By changing the situation, by17 the problems, the picture can be changed. There is18time for nations of the world to 19a plan of action. But they warned that 20too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success.
1. A. that B. whether C. how D. what
2. A. pleased B. pleasant C. safe D. clean
3. A. dangerous B. brilliant C. crowded D. awful
4. A. no more than B. as many as C. as much as D. as large as
5. A. especially B. specially C. deliberately D. apparently
6. A. none B. each C. all D. neither
7. A. insist B. reduce C. increase D. continue
8. A.so B. but C. or D. however
9. A. already B. hardly C. partly D. never
10. A. Much B. More C. Heavy D. Little
11. A. destroying B. protecting C. disturbing D. interrupting
12. A. saved B. lost C. discovered D. used
13.A.Air pollution B. Water pollution C. Some diseases D. All farmland
14. A.is cut across B.is cut up C. are cut down D. are cut off
15. A. must be true B. will come true C. can’t be true D. may be wrong
16. A. happens B. develops C. exists D. appears
17. A. settling B. working out C. answering D. dealing
18. A. much B. still C. less D. fewer
19. A. work about B. work at C. work out D. work for
20.A. working B. suggesting C. spending D. waiting
Keys:
一、单项选择1--5 CCADA 6--10 BCDCC 11—15BCCBC
二、完型选择
1--5 DBCDA 6--10 BCBAD 11--15 ABACD 16--20CABCD
Unit1 Women of achievement语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----主谓一致并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。
主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致，英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
语法一致原则
单数
He is talking with his brother.
复数
The boys are playing football.
就近
一致
原则
由or/either...or.../
neither...nor.../not
only...but (also)...
等连接
与最近的主语
在单复数上保
持一致
①Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
②Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.
由there，here引
起的主语不止一个时
和最邻近的主
语保持一致
There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.
意
义
一
致
原
则
clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，
equipment，luggage等不可数名词
单
数
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等
名称的词
Politics is often a topic for discussion.
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复
数名词表达一个整体概念
Forty miles was covered in a single night.
由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等
构成的不定代词
Is everybody here today?
动词ing形式、动词不定式和名词性从句
①Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
②Whatever was left was taken away.
意
义
一
致
原
则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，
兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
①War and peace is a constant theme in history.
②The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and(＋
no/each/every/many a)＋单数名词
Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.
one/everyone/each/either/the number＋of/the
variety of＋复数名词
The number of students from the north is small.
意
义
一
致
原
则
由and连接两个并列成分表不同概念
复数
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
一些常用复数或只有复数形式的名词如arms，
stairs，goods等。
The goods are sold out.
以s结尾的专有名词如山脉、运动会、群岛等。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
a number of＋名词
A number of students are from China.
特
别
提
醒
由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers，pants，
jeans，compasses(圆规)，glasses，shorts等作主语时，
谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了 a
pair of或two/three...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词在数上
要与pair保持一致。
例句
①Your glasses are very nice.
②This pair of glasses is mine.
③Here are some new pairs of shoes.
“名词＋with，along with，together with，as well as，
rather than，as much as，but，except等＋名词”结构
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。
①Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
② Dr.Smith, together with his
wife, is to arrive on the
evening flight.
a quantity of后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词。
如果a quantity of接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数
形式；如果接复数名词，则谓语动词通常要采用复数
形式(※偶尔谓语动词用单数，属非规范用法，宜慎
用)。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面
的谓语动词都用复数形式。
There is a small quantity
of water left in the bottle.
A large quantity of books
are on sale now.
③Great quantities of fish were caught that day.
若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，
表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示
同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式
Riding on the elephants
and rowing the boats were the
children's favorite games.
①What he says and does do not agree.
②What he says and does does not concern me.
what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根
据从句所表达的意义上的数确定
例1.The family ________fans of Jay Chow, whose songs all sound familiar to them
A. were B. was C. are D.is
例 2.East of the mountain _______ two towns, ________ my hometown.
A. lie; one of which is B. lies; where lies C. lies; one of which is D. lie; one of them is
例3.All we need _______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
例4. This term our class will have a picnic, but when and where ______yet.
A. aren’t decided B. isn’t decided C. haven’t been decided D. hasn’t been decided
例5. --Did you go to the show last night?
--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area______ invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
基础演练
1. All but one________ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. A library will five thousand books ________to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
4. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
5. The trousers________ to me.
A. belong B. belongs C. is belonged D. are belonged
6. The bread and butter ________on the table.
A. is B. are C. were D. puts
7. His family ________always quarreling among ________.
A. is; itself B. are; themselves C. is; themselves D. are; itself
8. Some folk ________never ________with the present situation.
A. is; satisfying B. are; satisfied C. are; satisfying D. are; itself
9. There ________some fish ________in the boat.
A. is; lying B. are; laying C. is; laid D. are; lying
10. All possible means________.
A. has been tried B. have been tried C. is to be tried D. are trying
巩固提高
1. South of the village ________a large works.
A. is B. are C. stand D. is built
2. The first two problems are very difficult, ________easy.
A. and the rest is B. yet the rest are C. has been sold D. but the rest are
3. Every picture except these two ________.
A. has sold B. have sold C. has been sold D. have been sold
4. It is I who ________the dictionary to you.
A. has lent B. have lent C. is going to lend D. are going to lend
5. Mr. Green along with his children, ________ to American.
A. go B. has gone C. are going D. have been gone
6. Pen and ink ________by the ball-pen.
A. has replaced B. have replaced C. has been replace D. have been replaced
7. Either you or I ________able to attend the lecture.
A. is B. am C. has been D. are to be
8. The wounded ________after.
A. is well looked B. has been well looked C. are good looked D. have been well looked
9. Neither Mary nor her brother ________the concert.
A. is going to B. are going to C. is allowed into D. are allowed to
10. One third of the population here ________ workers.
A. is B. are C. has D. be
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2015江西师大附中期中)A teacher of English and class teacher________(tell) us something about volunteer workers now.
2. (2015山东威海期中)When and where this took place________(be) still unknown.
3. (2015长沙二模)Every means________(try)，but none proved successful.
4. (2015江苏苏锡常镇四市调研一)Weibo as well as WeChat________(serve) as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.
5. (2015河南开封第一次摸底)--Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
--Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person________ (cheat) by such tricks.
6. (2015太原测评)One survey shows that large quantities of water________(be)wasted every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved.
7. (2015甘肃兰州、张掖联合诊断)Hank as well as the other children who have no parents________(take) good care of in the center.
8. (2015河北邯郸调研)What the teacher of the science class does and says________(be) of great importance to the students at college.
9. (2015太原五中第一学期测试)Children are not recommended to see such films as________(be) bad for their mental development.
10. (2015·东营模拟)The young ________(eat) up almost everything；one and a half bananas ________(be) left on the table.
11. (2015郑州模拟)The writer and teacher Smith ________(go) through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
12. (2015郑州模拟)There ________(be) a table，four chairs，three bikes in the courtyard，in the middle of which ________ two tall trees with great shade.
13. (2015东营模拟)The secretary and headmaster of the school ________(attend) the meeting.
14. (2015江苏盐城3月二模)--Can you get me some of the novels?
--By all means. All but one of them ________ (publish) in our company.
15. (2015安徽名校联考Ⅰ)--Jeremy rather than his friends ________(blame) for the accident.
--Absolutely. He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
1. I as well as they ________help you.
A. are ready to B. is ready for C. am ready for D. are ready for
2. A great number of students ________swimming.
A. is fond of B. are fond of C. will be fond of D. were fond of
3. Not his father, but his brothers ________in Wuhan.
A. has been B. have come C. lives D. live
4. Whether she’s coming or not ________ too much.
A. matter B. doesn’t matter C. don’t matter D. matters about
5. I wish she ________ here to share in my joy now.
A. is B. were C. had been D. can come
6. -- Would you like some more oranges?
-- No, thanks, I think there ________enough for me.
A. is B. are C. had been D. has been
7. The price of the two bikes ________low.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. The works of Lu Xun, of course, ________worth studying.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
9. Anybody who ________anything can see that this elephant is like a snake.
A. knew B. knows C. know D. has known
10. How to get those books ________to us.
A. is unknown B. are unknowns C. has unknown D. have unknown
11. The murderer has run away. The police ________him.
A. is running after B. is looking for C. are running after D. is searching
12. The number of the college students ________every year.
A. rises B. rise C. raise D. are raised
13. I think he is the only one of those who ________for the position.
A. fit B. fits C. are fit D. is fit
14. She is one of the ________writers who ________stories for children.
A. woman; write B. women; write C. woman; writes D. women; writes
15. There ________a group of children ________loudly outside the room.
A. was; talking B. were; to talk C. was; to talk D. were; were talking
16. The professor and writer ________to give us a report.
A. is B. is about going C. are going D. have come
17. My maths ________all right. what ________me most is English.
A. are; worried B. seem; is worrying C. is; worries D. seems; worry
18. None of them ________a good dancer.
A. is B. are C. become D. were
19. ________ have an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. Each of us B. No one of us C. Every one of us D. We each
20. Nobody but Mary and I ________in the room at the time.
A. am B. was C. were D. had been
二、作文
你的英国朋友Chris目前在北京学习汉语，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座，请你根据以下信息提示给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加。
1.农业大学张教授讲解中国茶文化的历史和传播；
2.讲座后有交流和品茶活动；
3.你将陪同Chris并帮其翻译讲解。
注意：词数不少于50；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi Chris,
Yours,
Joe
三、阅读理解
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization. Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”, a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankind’s earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun
Is rooted in the ocean’s breast.
As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean, but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences, too; unimaginable quantities of creatures, little and large alike, mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.
1. Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is .
A. always energetic
B. lacking in liveliness
C. shaped like a square
D. favored by ancient poets
2. What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?
A. To describe the movement of the waves.
B. To show the strength of the storm.
C. To represent the power of the ocean.
D. To prove the vastness of the sea.
3. What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?
A. Living together. B. Growing fast.
C. Moving harmoniously. D. Breathing peacefully.
4. In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to .
A. a beautiful and poetic place
B. a flesh and blood person
C. a wonderful world
D. a lovely animal
Unit1 Women of achievement语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----主谓一致并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。
主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致，英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。
语法一致原则
单数
He is talking with his brother.
复数
The boys are playing football.
就近
一致
原则
由or/either...or.../
neither...nor.../not
only...but (also)...
等连接
与最近的主语
在单复数上保
持一致
①Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
②Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.
由there，here引
起的主语不止一个时
和最邻近的主
语保持一致
There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.
意
义
一
致
原
则
clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，
equipment，luggage等不可数名词
单
数
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等
名称的词
Politics is often a topic for discussion.
表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复
数名词表达一个整体概念
Forty miles was covered in a single night.
由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等
构成的不定代词
Is everybody here today?
动词ing形式、动词不定式和名词性从句
①Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
②Whatever was left was taken away.
意
义
一
致
原
则
由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，
兼具身份或匹配出现
单数
①War and peace is a constant theme in history.
②The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and(＋
no/each/every/many a)＋单数名词
Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.
one/everyone/each/either/the number＋of/the
variety of＋复数名词
The number of students from the north is small.
意
义
一
致
原
则
由and连接两个并列成分表不同概念
复数
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
一些常用复数或只有复数形式的名词如arms，
stairs，goods等。
The goods are sold out.
以s结尾的专有名词如山脉、运动会、群岛等。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
a number of＋名词
A number of students are from China.
特
别
提
醒
由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers，pants，
jeans，compasses(圆规)，glasses，shorts等作主语时，
谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了 a
pair of或two/three...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词在数上
要与pair保持一致。
例句
①Your glasses are very nice.
②This pair of glasses is mine.
③Here are some new pairs of shoes.
“名词＋with，along with，together with，as well as，
rather than，as much as，but，except等＋名词”结构
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。
①Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
② Dr.Smith, together with his
wife, is to arrive on the
evening flight.
a quantity of后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词。
如果a quantity of接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数
形式；如果接复数名词，则谓语动词通常要采用复数
形式(※偶尔谓语动词用单数，属非规范用法，宜慎
用)。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面
的谓语动词都用复数形式。
There is a small quantity
of water left in the bottle.
A large quantity of books
are on sale now.
③Great quantities of fish were caught that day.
若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，
表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示
同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式
Riding on the elephants
and rowing the boats were the
children's favorite games.
①What he says and does do not agree.
②What he says and does does not concern me.
what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根
据从句所表达的意义上的数确定
例1.The family ________fans of Jay Chow, whose songs all sound familiar to them
A. were B. was C. are D.is
解析：根据句意“全家人都是周杰伦的粉丝，周杰伦的所有的歌曲对他们来说是熟悉的” family此
次强调个体，意思为“家庭成员”故推知用复数谓语动词，如果指一个整体，用单数谓语动词。
答案：C。
例 2.East of the mountain _______ two towns, ________ my hometown.
A. lie; one of which is B. lies; where lies C. lies; one of which is D. lie; one of them is
解析：根据句意“那座山的东边坐落着两个城镇，其中之一是我的故乡”第一空处为倒装句；第二空处是非限制性定语从句。
答案：A。
例3.All we need _______ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
解析：根据句意“我们所需要的就是一小片土地，我们可以在一年中的生长季节里在那儿种植各种果树”根据题干可知all指代的是a small piece of land所以谓语动词要用单数形式，整句话的语境为一般现在时
答案：C。
例4. This term our class will have a picnic, but when and where ______yet.
A. aren’t decided B. isn’t decided C. haven’t been decided D. hasn’t been decided
解析：根据句意“本学期，我们班要去野餐，但什么时候和去哪里还没有决定。”when and where 此处表示同意一件事情紧密相连的两个方面，谓语动词应该用单数；根据yet,应用现在完成时。
答案：D。
例5. --Did you go to the show last night?
--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area______ invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
解析：根据句意“—昨天晚上你去看展出了吗？—这个地方的每个男孩和女孩都被邀请了”主语是every boy and girl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was
答案：D。
基础演练
1. All but one________ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
2. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. A library will five thousand books ________to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
4. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
5. The trousers________ to me.
A. belong B. belongs C. is belonged D. are belonged
6. The bread and butter ________on the table.
A. is B. are C. were D. puts
7. His family ________always quarreling among ________.
A. is; itself B. are; themselves C. is; themselves D. are; itself
8. Some folk ________never ________with the present situation.
A. is; satisfying B. are; satisfied C. are; satisfying D. are; itself
9. There ________some fish ________in the boat.
A. is; lying B. are; laying C. is; laid D. are; lying
10. All possible means________.
A. has been tried B. have been tried C. is to be tried D. are trying
Keys:
1--5 DBAAA 6--10 ABBDB
巩固提高
1. South of the village ________a large works.
A. is B. are C. stand D. is built
2. The first two problems are very difficult, ________easy.
A. and the rest is B. yet the rest are C. has been sold D. but the rest are
3. Every picture except these two ________.
A. has sold B. have sold C. has been sold D. have been sold
4. It is I who ________the dictionary to you.
A. has lent B. have lent C. is going to lend D. are going to lend
5. Mr. Green along with his children, ________ to American.
A. go B. has gone C. are going D. have been gone
6. Pen and ink ________by the ball-pen.
A. has replaced B. have replaced C. has been replace D. have been replaced
7. Either you or I ________able to attend the lecture.
A. is B. am C. has been D. are to be
8. The wounded ________after.
A. is well looked B. has been well looked C. are good looked D. have been well looked
9. Neither Mary nor her brother ________the concert.
A. is going to B. are going to C. is allowed into D. are allowed to
10. One third of the population here ________ workers.
A. is B. are C. has D. be
Keys:
1--5 ADCBB 6--10 CBDAB
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2015江西师大附中期中)A teacher of English and class teacher________(tell) us something about volunteer workers now.
2. (2015山东威海期中)When and where this took place________(be) still unknown.
3. (2015长沙二模)Every means________(try)，but none proved successful.
4. (2015江苏苏锡常镇四市调研一)Weibo as well as WeChat________(serve) as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.
5. (2015河南开封第一次摸底)--Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.
--Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person________ (cheat) by such tricks.
6. (2015太原测评)One survey shows that large quantities of water________(be)wasted every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved.
7. (2015甘肃兰州、张掖联合诊断)Hank as well as the other children who have no parents________(take) good care of in the center.
8. (2015河北邯郸调研)What the teacher of the science class does and says________(be) of great importance to the students at college.
9. (2015太原五中第一学期测试)Children are not recommended to see such films as________(be) bad for their mental development.
10. (2015东营模拟)The young ________(eat) up almost everything；one and a half bananas ________(be) left on the table.
11. (2015郑州模拟)The writer and teacher Smith ________(go) through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
12. (2015郑州模拟)There ________(be) a table，four chairs，three bikes in the courtyard，in the middle of which ________ two tall trees with great shade.
13. (2015东营模拟)The secretary and headmaster of the school ________(attend) the meeting.
14. (2015江苏盐城3月二模)--Can you get me some of the novels?
--By all means. All but one of them ________ (publish) in our company.
15. (2015安徽名校联考Ⅰ)--Jeremy rather than his friends ________(blame) for the accident.
--Absolutely. He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.
Keys:
1. is telling 2. is 3. has been tried 4. serves 5. has been cheated
6. are 7. is taken 8. is 9. are 10. have eaten; has been
11. has gone 12. is; are 13. is to attend 14. were published 15. is to blame
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一、单项选择
1. I as well as they ________help you.
A. are ready to B. is ready for C. am ready for D. are ready for
2. A great number of students ________swimming.
A. is fond of B. are fond of C. will be fond of D. were fond of
3. Not his father, but his brothers ________in Wuhan.
A. has been B. have come C. lives D. live
4. Whether she’s coming or not ________ too much.
A. matter B. doesn’t matter C. don’t matter D. matters about
5. I wish she ________ here to share in my joy now.
A. is B. were C. had been D. can come
6. -- Would you like some more oranges?
-- No, thanks, I think there ________enough for me.
A. is B. are C. had been D. has been
7. The price of the two bikes ________low.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. The works of Lu Xun, of course, ________worth studying.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
9. Anybody who ________anything can see that this elephant is like a snake.
A. knew B. knows C. know D. has known
10. How to get those books ________to us.
A. is unknown B. are unknowns C. has unknown D. have unknown
11. The murderer has run away. The police ________him.
A. is running after B. is looking for C. are running after D. is searching
12. The number of the college students ________every year.
A. rises B. rise C. raise D. are raised
13. I think he is the only one of those who ________for the position.
A. fit B. fits C. are fit D. is fit
14. She is one of the ________writers who ________stories for children.
A. woman; write B. women; write C. woman; writes D. women; writes
15. There ________a group of children ________loudly outside the room.
A. was; talking B. were; to talk C. was; to talk D. were; were talking
16. The professor and writer ________to give us a report.
A. is B. is about going C. are going D. have come
17. My maths ________all right. what ________me most is English.
A. are; worried B. seem; is worrying C. is; worries D. seems; worry
18. None of them ________a good dancer.
A. is B. are C. become D. were
19. ________ have an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. Each of us B. No one of us C. Every one of us D. We each
20. Nobody but Mary and I ________in the room at the time.
A. am B. was C. were D. had been
二、作文
你的英国朋友Chris目前在北京学习汉语，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座，请你根据以下信息提示给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加。
1.农业大学张教授讲解中国茶文化的历史和传播；
2.讲座后有交流和品茶活动；
3.你将陪同Chris并帮其翻译讲解。
注意：词数不少于50；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi Chris,
Yours,
Joe
三、阅读理解
Not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of water covering 33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilization. Unlike real inland seas, which seem strangely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.
“Storm at Sea”, a short poem written around 700, is generally regarded as one of mankind’s earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.
When the wind is from the west
All the waves that cannot rest
To the east must thunder on
Where the bright tree of the sun
Is rooted in the ocean’s breast.
As the poem suggests, the Atlantic is never dead and dull. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noise—it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling.
It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breath—perhaps not so noticeably out in mid-ocean, but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach. It mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences, too; unimaginable quantities of creatures, little and large alike, mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.
1. Unlike real inland seas, the Atlantic Ocean is .
A. always energetic
B. lacking in liveliness
C. shaped like a square
D. favored by ancient poets
2. What is the purpose of using the poem “Storm at Sea” in the passage?
A. To describe the movement of the waves.
B. To show the strength of the storm.
C. To represent the power of the ocean.
D. To prove the vastness of the sea.
3. What does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?
A. Living together. B. Growing fast.
C. Moving harmoniously. D. Breathing peacefully.
4. In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to .
A. a beautiful and poetic place
B. a flesh and blood person
C. a wonderful world
D. a lovely animal
Keys:
一、单项选择
1--5 CBDBB 11--15 CADBA 16--20 ACADB 6--10 BABBA
二、作文
One possible version:
Hi Chris,
Good news! There will be a lecture in our school this Friday afternoon. Professor Zhang from University of Agriculture will tell us about the history and spread of Chinese tea. This will be followed by a tea party and you can taste different kinds of tea while chatting with teachers and students of our school. I wonder if you want to participate in it. Don’t worry about the language. I’ll be with you and explain what you don’t understand.
If you do not have any prior appointment then, I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Joe
阅读理解、1--4. ACAB
