Unit 4 Learning efficiently-词汇篇
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1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；
2. 掌握句型的运用；
一. 单词扫描
1. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
He is an efficient teacher.
他是个能干的教师。
As we get older，our bodies become less efficient at burning up calories.
随着一天天衰老，我们的身体消耗热量的功能逐渐减弱。
【归纳拓展】
efficiently adv. 效率高地
efficiency n．效率；效能；功效
labor efficiency 劳动效率
an efficient lawyer 一位能干的律师
effect n. 效果；影响
effective adj. 有效的
He is efficient at his job.
他能胜任工作。
【比较】effective/efficient
(1) effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人、物都适用。
(2) efficient侧重指积极有效、效率高、效果好、节省精力；指人时，强调其能干。
例如：
an efficient secretary 工作效率高的秘书。
increase efficiency of production and diminish cost of output. 提高生产效率，降低产品成本。
an effective medicine for hair loss. 一种治疗脱发的有效药。
2. endeavor vi. 努力；力图；n. 努力，尽力[C][U]
They endeavored to make her happy but in vain.
他们尽量使她快乐，却徒劳无功。
The manager is expected to use his or her best endeavors to promote the artist's career.
经纪人应以最大的努力来推动一位艺人的事业发展。
Please make every endeavor to streamline the plant organization.
请努力使工厂组织简化从而更有效地运作。
【归纳拓展】
endeavor to do sth 努力做某事
make every endeavor to do sth 尽力做某事
make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事
try/do one's best to do sth 尽力做某事
do all one can to do sth＝do what one can to do sth 做某人能做的一切
例如:
Please make every endeavor to be early.
请尽量早点儿。
We always endeavor to give our customers excellent service.
我们始终尽力为顾客提供最佳服务。
Despite our best endeavors，we couldn't get the machine started.
我们费了九牛二虎之力也没能把机器发动起来。
3. competent adj.
(1) 有能力的，能干的；能胜任的，称职的
Mark proved to be a very competent manager.
马克证明了自己是一个很能干的经理。
He is not competent to look after young children.
他没有看小孩的本事。
(2) 充分的，足够的；令人满意的，合格的
She has a competent knowledge of English.
她已掌握了足够的英语知识。
Her drawing is competent，but her composition is poor.
她的画有功力，但布局欠佳。
The novel may be a best-seller but it's no more than a competent piece of writing.
这部小说就算能畅销，也不过是平平之作。
【归纳拓展】
competence n. 能力 incompetent adj. 没有能力的；不胜任的
be competent as/at/in sth 能胜任某事
be competent to do sth 能干某事
a competent piece of work良好的作品
competently adv. 能胜任地
competence n．胜任；能力；称职
例如:
Is Mary competent as a teacher?
She has competence in dealing with the problems.
Is he really competent to run the switchboard?
4. beneath
(1) adv.在下；向下
As we flew over the mountains we could see that there were snowy peaks beneath.
我们飞过群山时看到了底下被雪覆盖着的山巅。
Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath.
她的精心化妆掩饰了脂粉下面岁月刻下的痕迹。
(2) prep.在……之下；向……下面；(地位等)低于；劣于；对……不适合(或不值得)
The sun is now beneath the horizon.
太阳此刻落到地平线下了。
He is beneath his brother intellectually.
他在智力方面不如他兄弟。
He considered that job beneath him.
他认为做那个工作有失他的身份。
【比较】below/under/beneath
below指“位置低于……”；under指“正下方，墙角下，山脚下”；beneath在一般场合表示抽象含义。
Far below the moon appeared a bright star.
在月亮下面很远的地方有一颗明亮的星星。
She put the letter under her pillow.
她把那封信放在枕头下。
It is beneath you to tell a lie.
撒谎有失你的身份。
5. digest
(1) vt.
① 消化(食物)
The baby is too small to digest meat.
婴儿太小，吃肉不消化。
② 领悟，融会贯通
I have digested most of the important points in the book.
我领悟了书中大部分要点。
(2) vi.消化
Protein digests slowly.
蛋白质消化得慢。
【归纳拓展】
digest n．摘要，概要
a digest of the week's news 一周新闻摘要
digestible adj. 可消化的；可吸收的
digestion n．[U] 消化；吸收；领悟；[C] (常用作单数)消化能力，消化力
digestive adj. 消化(食物)的
the digestive process 消化过程
例如:
This rich food doesn't digest easily.
It took me some time to digest what I had heard.
6. assess vt. 估计，估算，评定
She looks at the house and assesses its market value.
她看了看房子并估算了其市场价值。
The lawyers assessed the property at $35，000.
律师们估计这笔财产价值35，000美元。
【归纳拓展】
assessment n．评估，评价
Continuous assessment is made of all students' work.
对全体学生的功课做出连贯性的评定。
例如:
Meanwhile，I am arranging for Mr. Smith，one of our inspectors，to call and assess the damage.
本人同时正安排我行检查员史密斯先生，拜访阁下并计算损失。
The hurricane damage was assessed at three million dollars.
飓风损害赔偿金的金额被确定为三百万美元。
His assessment of the situation was correct.
他对形势判断得很正确。
7. acute adj. 尖锐的；敏锐的；剧烈的；急性的
We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation.
我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。
She has acute hearing.
她有很敏锐的听力。
The patient is complaining of acute earache.
病人说耳部剧痛。
It's acute appendicitis. We ought to operate.
这是急性阑尾炎，应当开刀。
【归纳拓展】
acute pain 剧痛
acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎
acute angle 锐角
acuteness n.
acutely adv.
例如:
He is an acute observer of the social scene.
他是个敏锐的社会现状观察者。
Dogs have an acute sense of smell.
狗的嗅觉灵敏。
Competition for jobs is acute.
求职竞争非常激烈。
Her judgment is acute.
她的判断敏锐。
8. acquisition n．获得；得到；获得的东西；增添的人/物
His latest acquisition is a racehorse.
他最近购得一匹赛马。
They have made acquisitions in several EU countries.
他们在几个欧盟国家购买了一些产业。
【归纳拓展】
acquisition作“获得；得到，取得”讲时，是不可数名词；作“获得物；增添的人/物”讲时，是可数名词。
acquire vt.(靠自己的能力、努力或行为而)获得/得到(某物)
an acquired taste 逐渐培养的爱好
acquisitive 渴望得到的
She acquired a knowledge of English by careful study.
她认真学习而精通英语。
It is not easy to acquire a knowledge of painting.
学画画不是件容易的事。
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not inborn.
抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。
【比较】acquire/get/gain
这三个词都有“获得”的意思，但侧重点各不相同。
(1) acquire多指经过一段时间的艰苦努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一旦获得就很难失去，如：知识等。
(2) get是一般用语，口语用词，用途很广。
(3) gain常指强有力的夺取，也可指渐渐获得某物的过程。
例如:
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
After having been instructed to drive out of town，I began to acquire confidence.
A penny saved is a penny gained.
9. resemble vt. 相似，类似，像
She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.
她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。
China's south does not at all resemble the American south.
中国的南方一点也不像美国的南部。
The brothers resemble each other in taste.
那对兄弟兴趣相似。
【归纳拓展】
resemble sb/sth in sth 在某方面与(他人或物)相似；在某方面像……
resemblance n．相似；相像
resemblance to sb/sth 与某人/某物相似
resemblance between A and B A、B之间的相似之处
look/be alike 相像；相似
look like 看起来像
be similar to... 和……类似
【温馨提示】
resemble 不能用于进行时态中，也无被动语态。
resemble 是及物动词，本身已含有“与……相似”的意思，故不必加多余的 with。
例如:
I can't find out the resemblance between these two types of plants.
对这两种植物我看不出有什么相似的地方。
She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。
My sister and I don't look alike/similar.
我和我妹妹外貌不相像。
His bike is similar to mine.
他的自行车和我的类似。
10. tiresome adj.
(1) 使人疲劳的；令人厌倦的
His speech is really tiresome.他的演讲实在令人厌倦。
(2) 讨厌的，烦人的
She can be a very tiresome child at times.
她这孩子有时会很烦人的。
【归纳拓展】
tiresome 用于修饰人或事，作定语或表语。
tire vt.& vi. 使……疲劳，疲倦
tired adj. 困倦的；疲倦的(指人的感觉)
be/get/become tired of sth/doing sth/sb 对某事/做某事/某人不耐烦或感到厌倦
tired out 筋疲力尽
tiring adj. 令人疲倦的(多指工作、旅行等事物)
some 是一种后缀形式，用于构成形容词。
例如:
troublesome 令人烦恼的；麻烦的
quarrelsome 好争吵的
handsome 英俊的
Selling houses can be a tiresome business.
卖房子有时候是很麻烦的事。
The children were being rather tiresome.
孩子们那时很讨人厌。
He has a troublesome problem to deal with.
他有棘手的问题需要处理。
11. vague adj.
(1) (形状等)模糊不清的，朦胧的
Everything looked vague in the heavy fog.
在浓雾中，一切东西看上去都很模糊。
(2) (想法等)不明确的；暧昧的；含糊的
I'm quite vague about what happened.
我对发生的事很不了解。
You should not make vague promises.
你不该作含糊不清的承诺。
【归纳拓展】
vague promises 含糊的承诺
be vague about... 不清楚……
a vague memory 模糊记忆
a vague feeling/suspicion 隐约觉得/怀疑
vaguely adv. 含糊地；稍微；大致地；茫然地；心不在焉地
vagueness n． 模糊；不详细；稍微
例如:
She is so vague that I can never understand what she is trying to say.
她说话含含糊糊，我怎么也听不明白她想说些什么。
She was rather vague about the details of the incident.
她很不清楚事情的详细细节。
The interview made him look vaguely ridiculous.
他在面试中表现得滑稽可笑。
12. component
(1) n. (机器、设备等的)构成要素；零件；成分[C]
A computer consists of thousands of components.
电脑由成千上万个部件组成。
Air force is an important component of national defense.
空军是国防的重要组成部分。
(2) adj. 组成的；构成的
component parts 零组件
【比较】component/composition
component，composition 都表示“(组)成(部)分”。component 多用于机械装置的(组)成(部)分；composition 多用于指物体内在的、固有的、不可分割的(组)成(部)分。
例如:
The agricultural scientists are interested in the chemical composition of the soil.
Surprise is an essential component of my plan.
Trust is a vital component in any relationship.
二. 短语释义
1. up to直到；相当于；忙于……；胜任；该由……决定；多达；从事于
Where are you going？Are you up to something?
你要到哪儿去？你是不是在做什么坏事啊？
I'm not up to this job.
我不能胜任这项工作。
It's up to you to decide when we shall start.
何时动身由你决定。
This kind of single-lung fish can live up to 12 hours when out of water.
这种单肺鱼离开水面能生存多达12小时。
2. in detail 详细地
Would you please explain the theme in detail?
您是否能详细地说明一下主题？
We'll discuss the problem later in detail.
我们以后再详尽地讨论这一问题。
【归纳拓展】
detailed adj. 详细的，详尽的
a detailed plan of work 详细的工作计划
go into details/detail 详细叙述
detail sth to/for sb 向/为某人详述某事
例如:
I detailed our plans to her.
Can you describe what happened in detail?
3. apply to 适用于；向……申请(或要求)
We applied to them for help.
我们向他们求援。
The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race，creed or color.
法律适用于所有的人，不分种族、信仰或肤色。
【归纳拓展】
apply to sb/sth 向某人/某物申请；涉及；有关；适用于……
apply to sb for sth 向……申请……
apply sth to sth 将……应用于……
apply oneself 使适应……；集中精力做某事
applicant n．申请人
application n．申请；申请表；申请书；应用
例如:
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
安全驾驶之规则适用于每个人。
If you apply to this university，you'll have to pay a registration fee of at least$20.
如果你申请这所学校你就得交至少20美元的注册费。
You must apply yourself to the life abroad.
你必须使自己适应国外生活。
4. figure out 想出；理解；明白
I can't figure out why you refuse to seize the chance.
我不明白你为什么会拒绝抓住这次机会。
The boy can't figure out the algebra problem.
这个男孩做不出这道代数题。
I can't figure out why he is absent.
我弄不明白他为什么缺席。
【归纳拓展】
figure sth in 把……计算在内
figure on sth 计划；打算
例如:
I hope that this year's sales figures will be excellent.
我希望今年的销售额会很不错。
Yao Ming is an outstanding figure of his basketball team.
姚明是他所在的球队中的著名人物。
Every lady hopes to keep her figure.
每位女士都想保持优美的身材。
5. tend to(do sth) 易于，往往会(做某事)
He's a good salesman，but his offhand manner does tend to put people off.
他是个很好的推销员，可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感。
Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.
现代家具设计越来越简单。
Does he tend to lose?
他常常输吗？
Weeds tend to displace other plants.
杂草越来越多，有取代其他植物之势。
【归纳拓展】
tendency n．倾向，趋势(后常接不定式作定语)
tend to/towards 朝某个方向；有某种倾向
tend on/upon 服侍；招待
tend sb/sth 照料某人/某物
例如:
The child has a tendency to get fat.
The sort of music he listens to varies，but tends towards popular music.
6. set up 建起，支起；组建；供给；恢复健康；建立，创立
Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch the escaped prisoner.
警察设置路障抓捕逃犯。
We are well set up for the apples.
这些苹果能供我们吃一段时间了。
He set up as a house painter and soon made a success of it.
他干起房屋油漆工并很快成名了。
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
【归纳拓展】
set about(sth/doing sth) 开始做，着手做
set sth aside 把……放到一边；省出；留出
set down 让某人下车；写下；登记
set off 出发；动身；启程
set out (to do sth) 出发；动身；开始工作
例如:
They set out on the last stage of their journey.
We need to set about finding a solution.
She tries to set outside some money every month.
A fund will be set up for the dead in Yushu earthquake.
7. on the phone 有电话；在打电话；通过电话
Do me a favor and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone，will you?
劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点好吗？
He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.
他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的。
You're wanted on the phone.
有电话找你。
【归纳拓展】
answer the phone 接电话
speak on the phone 在电话中说
call/get sb on the phone 找某人接电话
hang on/hold on 别挂电话
hang up the phone 挂断电话
例如:
You can't see her now；she's on the phone.
I rang his house but his mother answered the phone.
8. relate to 讲述；理解；认同；有关，涉及；与……相联系
Relate to us your adventures.
告诉我们你的冒险故事。
I just can't relate to (ie. appreciate) punk music.
我对朋克摇滚音乐简直一窍不通。
Children need to learn to relate to other children.
孩子们应该学会与其他孩子友好相处。
【归纳拓展】
related adj. 有联系的；有亲戚关系的
closely related 紧密相关的
directly related 有直接关系的
relation n．关系，联系；亲戚，亲属；交往；事务
注意：表示“关系，联系”时用单数形式；表示“交往；事务”时用复数形式。
have relations with sb 与某人有交往
have relation to sth 同某事有关
例如:
She related to them how it happened.
她给他们讲那事发生的经过。
We're only interested in the events that relate directly to the murder.
我们只对与谋杀案直接相关的事情感兴趣。
三. 句式突破
For example，suppose in biology you were studying how plants produce，then you could find an English
text about this on the Internet.
例如：假设在生物学中，你正在研究植物如何繁衍，那你会在因特网上找到有关这方面的英语文
这里的suppose可以看成连词，意思是imagine what will/would happen if ...。它所引导的从句表示“主
观设想的情况”。因此，有时动词需要用虚拟语气，本句就是如此。有时也可用supposing代替suppose。
例如:
Supposing/Suppose you fall and hurt yourself when you're out alone in the mountains?
假设当你独自在群山中摔倒受伤了(怎么办)?
Suppose they did not believe in，what would they do to him?
他们要是不相信，会把他怎样呢？
【归纳拓展】
(1) suppose可表示建议，表示“……怎么样”。
Suppose we put it off till next week?
我们把它推迟到下周如何？
Supposing you have another try?
你再试一次怎么样？
(2) be supposed to必须，应该
Everyone is supposed to know this rule.
大家都该知道这条规则。
He was supposed to have told us yesterday.
他本该昨天告诉我们的。
(3) providing/provided＋(that)clause假如……
2. It is the same with reading.
阅读也是这样。
句子中It is the same with 是“……也如此”的意思，用于前面描述的是“两种或两种以上”的不同
情况，这些情况对于后者来说也如此。
例如:
(1)—Tom is very weak and lazy
—汤姆非常虚弱也很懒。
—So it is with his wife.
—他妻子也是如此。
(2)—Tom is from America，but he can speak Chinese very well.
—汤姆是美国人，但他汉语讲得很好。
—It is the same with John.
—约翰也是如此。
【归纳拓展】
(1) So it is with sb/sth＝It is the same with sb/sth… …也同样如此。
(2) 如果前面只提到了一种肯定的情况，要表示“……也如此”，可以用“So＋be/情态动词/助动词
(do/does/did/have/has...)＋主语”这一句式。
如果前面只提到了一种否定的情况，要表示“……也不如此”，则可以用“Neither/Nor＋be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has...)＋主语”这一句式。
(3) 如果表示对前面的内容的进一步肯定，则要用“so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词”意为“……的
确是这样”。
(4)“主语＋do/did/does＋so”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。Mary never does any reading in the evening，nor does Jane.
玛丽晚上从不看书，简也不看。
If Dick can finish the work on time，so can I.
如果狄克能按时完成工作，那我也能。
—I heard Jack completed the experiment.
—我听说杰克完成了实验。
—So he did.
—他是完成了。
例如:
Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，so it is with Ann.
迈克是加拿大人并且汉语说得很流利，安也是如此。
The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables，and he did so.
医生让他多吃些蔬菜，他就这么做了。
I don't know about that thing，nor do I care.
我不知道那件事，我也不关心。
Mary can speak English，so can I.
玛丽会说英语，我也会。
3．Some pre-reading activities ask you to recall your knowledge about subject，some teach you a few of new words you will find in the text，some ask you to glance at the way the text is organized.
有些读前活动要求你回忆与主题有关的知识，有些教你几个将在课文中出现的生词，有些要求你浏览一下课文的组织结构。
(1) 在这个复合句中，way后含有一个由that或in which引导的定语从句，that或in which在从句中作状语，修饰名词the way，已被省略。
(2) 当先行词是way，表示“方式、方法”，在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。
(3) 当the/a way后面的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which，作宾语时可省略。
请注意观察、分析、比较下面两个句子。
The way that/which/不填he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法并不难理解。
注意：way后跟that/in which从句的情况在近几年的高考中一直没有进行直接考查，请同学们一定要格外注意。考查的方式 ① 选择that/in which ② 选择way作先行词。
用这种方法in this way/with this method/by this means
4. I would rather hear a book on a cassette than read it.
我宁愿听磁带朗读而不愿看书。
此句中含有would rather...than...句型，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”。
例如:
I would rather stay at home than go out with you.
我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意和你出门。
I'd rather take the slowest train than go there by air.(＝I would take the slowest train rather than go there by air.)
我宁愿坐最慢的火车也不愿乘飞机去那儿。
【归纳拓展】
(1) would rather 为情态动词，后接动词原形，than后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语或省略to的不定式。常见句型如下：
would rather
I would rather not tell him the truth.
我宁愿不对他讲实话。
I'd much rather deal with a man than with a woman.
我很愿意跟男人打交道而不愿跟女人打交道。
(2) would rather后有时候接从句，此时从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气——一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
(3) prefer to do... rather than do... 宁愿……而不愿……
rather than 而不是
5. I find it hard to concentrate when there are a lot of people talking near me.
当附近有很多人在交谈时，我感到难以集中注意力。
这是find＋it(形式宾语)＋adj.(宾语补足语)＋to do sth(真正宾语)句型。
例如：
I find it important to learn a foreign language well.
我发现学好一门外语很重要。
I consider it possible to have a talk with him.
我认为与他交谈一下，是有可能的。
【归纳拓展】
(1) 适用于这种句型的动词除了find之外，还有believe，feel，think，consider等。
此句型完整的形式是：主语＋think/feel/consider/find...＋it＋n./adj.＋for/of sb to do...。其中for/of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。
例如：
I think it important for him to learn to get along well with others.
我认为学会与别人友好相处对他很重要。
(2) it作形式宾语也可以代替从句。
例如：
I have made it clear that I object to the plan.
我已经表明我反对这个计划。
(3) 当宾语补足语是no use，no good，useless等时，真正的宾语要用动名词。
例如:
I consider it no use talking with him；he won't listen to others.
我认为和他交谈无用，他不会听别人的话的。
(4) it 作形式宾语还可以用在像I like/hate it that/when...等句式中。
例如
I like it when there are friends around me.
我喜欢有朋友和我在一起。
6. Just as when reading English it is not necessary to understand every word，so when listening you do not need to understand every word either.
正如当你读英语时你不需要明白每一个单词的意思一样，听的时候你也不必理解每个单词的意思。
本句是一个复合句。just as引导方式状语，意为“就像……一样”。
例如:
It is just as you said.
事情正像你说的那样。
He arrived just as I was leaving.
我正要走时，他赶到了。
【归纳拓展】
just as good/nice/easily，etc 不少于；同样
just after/before/under etc 刚好；差一点就不；勉强
just about to do sth 正要做……
could/might just as well 不如；还是……的好
just about 几乎；大概
例如:
The clock struck 6 just as I arrived.
我到达时，时钟正敲6点。
I got here just after 9.
我到达这里时刚过9点。
It's raining. You might just as well stay home.
天正下雨，你最好呆在家里。
1. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ________ and more ________， have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.
A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently
2. The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
3. I don't like __________you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _________difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
5. __________ passion, people won’t have the motivation or the necessary for creative thinking.
A. For B. Without C.Beneath D. By
基础演练
Ⅰ.单词识记
A组
1. continue v. 继续
(1)____________ adj. 继续的，不间断的
(2)____________ adj. 不断的，频繁的
(3)____________ n. 持续
2. suppose v. 猜想；认为；假定
(1)__________ adj. 应该的；信以为真的
(2)__________ conj. 假定，假设
(3)__________ adv. 大概；可能
(4)__________ n. 假定；猜想
3. equal adj. & v. 相等的，同样的；与……相等
(1)__________ adv. 同等地；相等地
(2)__________ n. 平等
(3)__________ v. 使相等
4. frustrate v. 使懊恼，使懊丧
(1)___________ adj. 懊恼，懊丧
(2)___________ adj. 令人懊恼的
5. bore v. 使厌烦
(1)___________ adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的
(2)___________ adj. 令人厌倦的，厌烦
(3)___________ adv. 令人厌烦地
(4)___________ n. 厌烦，无聊
6. adopt v. 收养；采纳
(1)__________ adj. 收养的，移居的
(2)__________ n. 收养；采用
(3)__________ adj. 收养的
7. depend v. 依靠；信赖
(1)_______________ n. 依靠；信赖
(2)_______________ adj. 可靠的
(3)_______________ n. 可靠性
8. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
(1)___________ adv. 效率高地
(2)___________ n. 效率；功能
B 组（限时默写）
1. ________/I'fI?nt/ adj.有效率的；效率高的→________ n.
2. ________/'sentIgreId/ adj.摄氏温度的
3. ________/daI'?mIt?/ n．直径
4. ________/'resIpI/ n．菜谱
5. ______/'k?mpIt?nt/ adj.有能力的；能胜任的→______ n.
6. adopt/?'d?pt/ vt.________→________ n．收养；采用
7.preview/'prI?vju?/vt. _______→________vt.(反义词)
8. assess/?'ses/ vt._______→_______ n．评定，评估→________adj.可估价的
9. consult/k?n's?lt/ vt.________→________n．顾问
10. manual/'m?nju?l/n.________
11. _______/?nd?'ni?θ/ adv.&prep. 在下面；在……的下面
12. _______/'bru??rI/ n．酿酒厂；啤酒厂
13. _______/'l?ut?s/ n．荷花，莲花，睡莲
14. _______/ _______/ n．获得；习得→ _______v.
15. _______/'b?leI/ n．芭蕾舞
16. _______/rI'zembl/ vt.像，类似
17. tiresome/'taI?s?m/ adj. _______
18. vague/veIg/ adj. _______→_______ n.
19. auditory/'??dIt?rI/adj. _______
20. tactile/'t?ktaIl/ adj. _______
Ⅱ.短语天地-英汉互译 1. more than ______________
2. be worth a go ______________
3. rely on ______________
4. prefer to... rather than... ______________
5. 独自 ______________
6. 在燃烧 ______________
7. 制定出；计算出；理解 ______________
8. 有关；涉及；讲述；理解______________
9. up to sb to do sth ______________
10. get frustrated ______________
11. make comments on ______________
12. consult reference books ______________
13. 在度假 ______________
14. 从头到尾 ______________
15. ……也一样 ______________
16. 舀出 ______________
Ⅲ. 选择短语填空
tend to；rely on；make sense；relate to；more than；be worth a go；concentrate on prefer to...rather than；have access to
1. People under stress ____________ express their full range of potential.
2. Having failed my French exams，I decided to__________ science subjects.
3. Does that seem to___________________________?
4. —I want to go to Yunnan to see the sights by myself.
—Great! I think it ________ really ______________.
5. As her private secretary he ________all her correspondence.
6. He ________ play ________ do his homework.
7. He is ________ our teacher. He is our friend.
8. Does the new law ________ only ________ theft?
Ⅳ.语篇填词
If you want to be a 1.________ reader, you should first pay attention to 2.________. Practice makes perfect. You can also 3.________ your reading by choosing 4.________ materials because they can keep you interested in your practice. Reading can be enjoyable if the subject interests you. To be a successful reader，you should also 5.________ the good readers. Their reading 6.________，such as 7.________，reading actively，reading in different ways according to the 8.________ for reading and reading without understanding every word of the text，will make you a good reader. We can all improve our reading. All it 9.________ is 10.________ of practice using the right techniques.
巩固提高
Ⅰ. 介、副词填空
1. Lack of demand will slow ________ our economic growth.
2. You need to decide how much money to allocate ________ each item before you go traveling.
3. Will you explain it to us ________ detail?
4. He promised to keep my wishes ________ mind.
5. It is ________ ________ you to decide whether we should have an exam at the end of this month or not.
6. People waved from the bridge as the boat passed ________.
7. The results of this research can be applied ________ new developments in technology.
8. The issues pointed out by the lecture just now are directly relevant ________ the needs of slow learners.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. A. Look up the new words in the dictionary if necessary.
B. ________the dictionary if necessary.
2. A. I can live in my house comfortably.
B. My house is comfortable________ ________ ________.
3. A. Because he hasn't completed the programme，he has to stay there for another two weeks.
B. ________ ________ ________ the programme，he has to stay there for another two weeks.
4. A.—Tom is very weak and lazy.
—So it is with his wife.
B.—Tom is very weak and lazy.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________his wife.
5. A. So far，Shanghai Expo has received 50 million visitors.
B. ________ ________ ________，Shanghai Expo has received 50 million visitors.
Ⅲ. 翻译与仿写
1. This applies equally to playing sports or becoming a good musician, painter or doctor.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：我们应努力学习经济理论并能将其应用到实际中。
_______________________________________________________________
2. There are certain techniques you can learn and then it is up to you to practice, practice and practice.
翻译：_________________________________________________________
仿写：是否把你的名字写进名单是你的事。
_______________________________________________________________
3. That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as studying biology.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：他既喜欢游泳又喜欢打篮球。
______________________________________________________________
4. It is the same with reading.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：王琳是个好学生还经常帮助他人，李林也一样。
_____________________________________________________________
5. She suggested that we all have a good night's sleep before the exam.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：我们建议立刻开始工作。
______________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. 根据括号中所给的提示把下列句子翻译成英语
1. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。(set up)
________________________________________________________________
2. 我们的意见和他们的相似。(be similar to)
_______________________________________________________________
3. 他记不清我的电话号码。(be vague about)
______________________________________________________________
4. 那些早完成工作的人将会得到奖金。(bonus)
_______________________________________________________________
5. 即使里面穿一件毛衣，这件外套也太大了。(underneath)
_______________________________________________________________
1. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
2. The book didn't________ children probably because the author employed too many scientific terms in it.
A. apply to B. match C. intend to D. lead to
3. Take an umbrella when you go to Guangzhou because it rains ________ there.
A. many times B. frequently C. over again D. enough
4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting________ you don't mind taking the night train.
A. provided B. unless C. though D. until
5. We're trying to ring back，Bryan，but we couldn't find our telephone book to________.
A. consult B. take down C. work out D. bring about
6. It was ________ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
7. We looked down from the plane at the fields spread out ________.
A. bottom B. under C. underneath D. beneath
8. The old couple decided to________ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.
A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt
9. The house I grew up________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
10. —What do you want to do next？We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—________.Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that
11. The use of standard ________ in cars，building construction，etc，makes it easier to replace them when they are damaged.
A. compounds B. components C. compositions D. competitions
12. A violent crime was________ every 32 seconds in this area of the city last year.
A. committed B. found C. sentenced D. made
13. At the crossing there is an arrow________ the direction to the Andrew Farm.
A. indicating B. presenting C. representing D. predicting
14. Children nowadays ________ be so rebellious that parents often feel at a loss about what to expect from them.
A. refer to B. occur to C. stick to D. tend to
15. Some school authorities________ a teacher's achievement or his ability by the number of his students who pass the public examinations.
A. assess B. assign C. estimate D. calculate
16. He________ his adventure to his children.
A. related B. said C. spoke D. talked
17. Many scholars and experts from the world will be invited to attend the_____ of 2010 on drug control.
A. reference B. intention C. conference D. interaction
18. Mary was often told that she__________ her elder sister Ellen.
A. reacted B. reflected C. recalled D. resembled
19. By law，when one makes a large purchase，he should have ________ opportunity to change his mind.
A. accurate B. adequate C. urgent D. excessive
20. This is the first time we________ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单选（2015朝阳一模）
1. — Are you doing your homework?
— No, I’m writing a short play. It_____ at the Christmas party.
A. will be put on B. will put on C. puts on D. is put on
2. In order to keep fit , the old man makes it a rule _____ for a walk after supper every day.
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
3.— Steve, the vacation is coming soon. Have you found a summer job yet ?
— I suppose I can work at the boy’s camp _____ I worked last summer.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
4. Sally was excited to meet Susan at the party last night. They _____each other since they graduated from Oxford University in 2010.
A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. don’t see
5.—We’ve only got this small bookcase—will that do ?
—No. _____ I was looking for was something much bigger and stronger.
A. What B. Where C. That D. Which
6. I will wait _____ 6:30, but then I’m going home.
A. from B. at C. after D. until
7. Studies show that people who have a glass of wine per day do better than _____ who don’t.
A. that B. the one C. ones D. those
8. Oh! I can feel something _____ up my leg ! It must be an insect.
A. to climb B. climbing C. climb D. climber
9. She doesn’t speak our language, _____ she seems to understand what we say.
A. for B. and C. yet D. or
10. — Congratulations! I hear you’ve won the first prize in the singing competition.
—You _____ be mistaken. I’m in the dance class.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
11. If it _____ earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down.
A. has been repaired B. is repaired C. had been repaired D. was repaired
12. A public health campaign _____ the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.
A. had reduced B. had been reduced C. has reduced D. has been reduced
13. —How are you getting along with your German, Kate?
—Oh, Mr. Black, I’m so tired of it. Maybe I should drop out _____ it kills me.
A. when B. after C. while D. before
14.—What do you do, Rita ?
—I’m a clerk in a foreign company now. But I_____ English in a high school for 10 years.
A. teach B. have taught C. taught D. am teaching
15. Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when_____ alone.
A. seen B. seeing C. see D. to see
二. 阅读理解
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Let’s Go Fly a Kite…
– at Piedmont Middle School’s celebration of kites!
Come and learn how to build all sorts of kites, from the simplest diamond-shaped kites to the most complex box kites. Stay as long as you like and build as many kites as you want. Once you have finished a kite, get advice on flying techniques from kite expert Lorena Hallsberg. The celebration will be at Piedmont Middle School, 151 Piedmont School Drive.
The Piedmont Middle School Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) has organized a refreshment (茶点) tent. All profits will benefit future PTO activities. Take a break from kite flying and drink some lemonade! While you are doing so, why not join the PTO? Membership is free; you just donate your time. Show your support for Piedmont Middle School by joining the PTP this Saturday!
When: Saturday, April 11, from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
Where: Piedmont Middle School
Why: For fun!
Cost: Free, thanks to a generous gift from Bizarco Kite Company!
Schedule
9:00 am – Kite-building booths open. All materials are supplied for kites.
10:00 am – Kite-building shows by Lorena Hallsberg in the courtyard. Come by and learn how to build box kites and kites that look and fly like butterflies.
11:00 am – Kite-flying shows on the school track. Learn all the most important skills.
12:00 pm – Kite-flying competitions on the school track.
1:00 pm – Presentation by Dr. Brian Lehrman in the show tent : “The History of Kites”.
2:00 pm – Best Kite competitions and judging in the show tent. Come see the most artistic kites and the most interesting theme kites.
3:00 pm – Presentation by Dr. Lehrman in the show tent : “Kites and Science”.
3:30 pm – Awards ceremony conducted by Headmaster Seward on the football field. The results of the day’s judging will be announced, with awards such as Best of Show, Most Artistic, Highest Flyer, and others. Winners will receive gifts from the Bizarco Kite Company!
4：00 – 5：00 pm – Let’s all go fly a kite! Everyone flies kites at the same time, creating a wonderful sight for all to enjoy.
Come to the kite celebration, enjoy yourself and learn more.
16. The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to ask people to ________.
A. build a kite B. support the PTO
C. take a break D. join the fun
17. Which times are most important for people who want to join in kite competitions?
A. 10:00 am and 11:00 am. B. 12:00 pm and 2:00 pm
C. 1:00 pm and 3:00 pm. D. 2:00 pm and 4:00 pm.
18. From the passage, we know that the kite celebration ________.
A. is enjoyable and educational
B. is strict about the shapes of kites
C. gets money from PTO of Piedmont Middle School
D. gives people a chance to see kites from around the world
19. The passage is intended for ________.
A. school staff B. kite experts
C. students and parents D. kite companies
B
“ The 13th of June, 1325, I left Tangier, my birthplace, with the intention of making the pilgrimage(朝圣) to Mecca... to leave my friends, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris—the travel diary of Ibn Battuta.
Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history’s great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modern countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.
Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the sultan—the Muslim ruler of Delhi. On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen: “...I was hit by an arrow and my horse bu another, but God in his grace preserved me...” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his previous study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering(散播) treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves—one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.
After a lifetime of amazing adventures, Ibn Battua was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he agreed and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.
What can we learn about Ibn Battuta from the passage?
He had great interest in the Islamic world.
He returned to his homeland to write a book.
His journey were less important than Marco Polo’s.
His journey were very common for people of that time.
The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because .
Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca
Ibn Battuta had been a judge before
Ibn Battuta had worked as a translator
Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries
Which is the best title for the passage?
The Learned Ibn Battuta
A Visitor to Mecca
C The Travels of Ibn Battuta
D. Desire for Adventure
C
Culture and Cuisine
The United States is known for jazz and blue jeans. But travel to Paris and ask your average French citizen about American cuisine（烹饪）and he’s likely to an answer, “McDonalds.” Ask the same thing of any American citizen on any American street and I’m afraid you’d get the same answer, or something close to it.
Hamburgers and hotdogs and fries are all fine, but with American malls and other outlets standardizing everything from clothing to food, the sad truth is that American cuisine is becoming more homogeneous—all the same—no matter where you live. True, many Americans are eating more varied foods these days, but these are largely the cuisines of immigrant groups, and they are quite likely to be affected by homogenization of American cuisine.
So what exactly is American cuisine? Well, to some extent it is a reflection of our melting pot culture, meaning that Europeans made huge contributions in the form of wheat, dairy products, pork, beef and poultry. But American cuisine also includes products that once were known only to the New World, including potatoes, corn, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and peanuts.
The one region of the country where you still find all these things in daily use is the Deep South. The South lost the Civil War, but children of the southerners are winning the battle to preserve and advance their cooking traditions—and in this case one of the few cuisines can truly be called American, which is why we’re pleased to have Low Country cuisine in this issue of food creation. That’s right, grits and gravy are back in a big way in cities like Charleston and Savannah. Truth is, they never really left, but up until a decade ago Low Country cuisine was more common at home than in restaurants.
In fact, a large number of tourists now go to the lower Atlantic region in order to experience this extraordinary cuisine for themselves. Time will tell whether Low Country cuisine becomes popular in other regions of the country in the way that, say, Italian cuisine has, but it's amazing and heartening to see one of our true cultural treasures enjoying renewed popularity in these increasingly homogeneous times.
23. According to the passage, American cuisine impresses people as being __________
A. dull and changeless
B. rich and various
C. popular and delicious
D. disagreeable and unpleasant
24. It can be seen that the writer feels regretful that __________
A. cuisines of other countries play a more important role in America
B. American cuisine has become increasingly lacking in variety
C. American cuisine tends to vary because of immigration
D. American cuisine is being changed by foreign cuisines
25. From the passage, we know that grits and gravy__________
A. were cooked with new materials after the Civil War
B. are gaining popularity in the south of America
C. were more popular over ten years ago
D. are seldom served in restaurants
26. What's the writer's attitude towards the renewal of Low Country cuisine in America?
A. Concerned and cautious.
B. Hopeless and doubtful.
C. Positive and supportive.
D. Critical and disapproving.
D
The Enigma(谜)of Beauty
The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years both men and women painting their nail and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs(假发)of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance.
There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier.
But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones.
The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologies, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits –the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders----equal health and genetic well-being.
Not everyone thinks the same way, however. “Our hardwiredness can be changed by all sorts of expectations-----mostly cultural.” Says C. Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin. But is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists’ answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures.
For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eyes of the beholder.
27. People’s ideas about beauty_________.
A. have existed since ancient times
B. can be easily described
C. have little influence on a person’s success
D. are based upon strict criteria
28. In Paragraph 3, the babies in the study_______.
A. were rated for their appearance
B. were entered in a beauty contest
C. were shown photos of a group of college students
D. were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones
29. The underlined word “traits” in Paragraph 4 probably means______.
A. qualities B. measurements C. judgments D. Standards
30. We can learn from the passage that________.
A. the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up
B. the search for beauty is rooted in lack of confidence
C. the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches
D. the understanding of beauty depends on cultural backgrounds
第二节
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Virtual(虚拟) Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time.__31__This is particularly so for business that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams.__32__It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed.
__33__One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work. That is to say, when each person’s work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment.__34__Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.
Managers of virtual teams need to pay much attention to having clear goals, performance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.__35__
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
Yet, there is one significant difference.
Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.
Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face.
To avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
Unit 4 Learning efficiently-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；
2. 掌握句型的运用；
一. 单词扫描
1. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
He is an efficient teacher.
他是个能干的教师。
As we get older，our bodies become less efficient at burning up calories.
随着一天天衰老，我们的身体消耗热量的功能逐渐减弱。
【归纳拓展】
efficiently adv. 效率高地
efficiency n．效率；效能；功效
labor efficiency 劳动效率
an efficient lawyer 一位能干的律师
effect n. 效果；影响
effective adj. 有效的
He is efficient at his job.
他能胜任工作。
【比较】effective/efficient
(1) effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人、物都适用。
(2) efficient侧重指积极有效、效率高、效果好、节省精力；指人时，强调其能干。
例如：
an efficient secretary 工作效率高的秘书。
increase efficiency of production and diminish cost of output. 提高生产效率，降低产品成本。
an effective medicine for hair loss. 一种治疗脱发的有效药。
2. endeavor vi. 努力；力图；n. 努力，尽力[C][U]
They endeavored to make her happy but in vain.
他们尽量使她快乐，却徒劳无功。
The manager is expected to use his or her best endeavors to promote the artist's career.
经纪人应以最大的努力来推动一位艺人的事业发展。
Please make every endeavor to streamline the plant organization.
请努力使工厂组织简化从而更有效地运作。
【归纳拓展】
endeavor to do sth 努力做某事
make every endeavor to do sth 尽力做某事
make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事
try/do one's best to do sth 尽力做某事
do all one can to do sth＝do what one can to do sth 做某人能做的一切
例如:
Please make every endeavor to be early.
请尽量早点儿。
We always endeavor to give our customers excellent service.
我们始终尽力为顾客提供最佳服务。
Despite our best endeavors，we couldn't get the machine started.
我们费了九牛二虎之力也没能把机器发动起来。
3. competent adj.
(1) 有能力的，能干的；能胜任的，称职的
Mark proved to be a very competent manager.
马克证明了自己是一个很能干的经理。
He is not competent to look after young children.
他没有看小孩的本事。
(2) 充分的，足够的；令人满意的，合格的
She has a competent knowledge of English.
她已掌握了足够的英语知识。
Her drawing is competent，but her composition is poor.
她的画有功力，但布局欠佳。
The novel may be a best-seller but it's no more than a competent piece of writing.
这部小说就算能畅销，也不过是平平之作。
【归纳拓展】
competence n. 能力 incompetent adj. 没有能力的；不胜任的
be competent as/at/in sth 能胜任某事
be competent to do sth 能干某事
a competent piece of work良好的作品
competently adv. 能胜任地
competence n．胜任；能力；称职
例如:
Is Mary competent as a teacher?
She has competence in dealing with the problems.
Is he really competent to run the switchboard?
4. beneath
(1) adv.在下；向下
As we flew over the mountains we could see that there were snowy peaks beneath.
我们飞过群山时看到了底下被雪覆盖着的山巅。
Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath.
她的精心化妆掩饰了脂粉下面岁月刻下的痕迹。
(2) prep.在……之下；向……下面；(地位等)低于；劣于；对……不适合(或不值得)
The sun is now beneath the horizon.
太阳此刻落到地平线下了。
He is beneath his brother intellectually.
他在智力方面不如他兄弟。
He considered that job beneath him.
他认为做那个工作有失他的身份。
【比较】below/under/beneath
below指“位置低于……”；under指“正下方，墙角下，山脚下”；beneath在一般场合表示抽象含义。
Far below the moon appeared a bright star.
在月亮下面很远的地方有一颗明亮的星星。
She put the letter under her pillow.
她把那封信放在枕头下。
It is beneath you to tell a lie.
撒谎有失你的身份。
5. digest
(1) vt.
① 消化(食物)
The baby is too small to digest meat.
婴儿太小，吃肉不消化。
② 领悟，融会贯通
I have digested most of the important points in the book.
我领悟了书中大部分要点。
(2) vi.消化
Protein digests slowly.
蛋白质消化得慢。
【归纳拓展】
digest n．摘要，概要
a digest of the week's news 一周新闻摘要
digestible adj. 可消化的；可吸收的
digestion n．[U] 消化；吸收；领悟；[C] (常用作单数)消化能力，消化力
digestive adj. 消化(食物)的
the digestive process 消化过程
例如:
This rich food doesn't digest easily.
It took me some time to digest what I had heard.
6. assess vt. 估计，估算，评定
She looks at the house and assesses its market value.
她看了看房子并估算了其市场价值。
The lawyers assessed the property at $35，000.
律师们估计这笔财产价值35，000美元。
【归纳拓展】
assessment n．评估，评价
Continuous assessment is made of all students' work.
对全体学生的功课做出连贯性的评定。
例如:
Meanwhile，I am arranging for Mr. Smith，one of our inspectors，to call and assess the damage.
本人同时正安排我行检查员史密斯先生，拜访阁下并计算损失。
The hurricane damage was assessed at three million dollars.
飓风损害赔偿金的金额被确定为三百万美元。
His assessment of the situation was correct.
他对形势判断得很正确。
7. acute adj. 尖锐的；敏锐的；剧烈的；急性的
We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation.
我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。
She has acute hearing.
她有很敏锐的听力。
The patient is complaining of acute earache.
病人说耳部剧痛。
It's acute appendicitis. We ought to operate.
这是急性阑尾炎，应当开刀。
【归纳拓展】
acute pain 剧痛
acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎
acute angle 锐角
acuteness n.
acutely adv.
例如:
He is an acute observer of the social scene.
他是个敏锐的社会现状观察者。
Dogs have an acute sense of smell.
狗的嗅觉灵敏。
Competition for jobs is acute.
求职竞争非常激烈。
Her judgment is acute.
她的判断敏锐。
8. acquisition n．获得；得到；获得的东西；增添的人/物
His latest acquisition is a racehorse.
他最近购得一匹赛马。
They have made acquisitions in several EU countries.
他们在几个欧盟国家购买了一些产业。
【归纳拓展】
acquisition作“获得；得到，取得”讲时，是不可数名词；作“获得物；增添的人/物”讲时，是可数名词。
acquire vt.(靠自己的能力、努力或行为而)获得/得到(某物)
an acquired taste 逐渐培养的爱好
acquisitive 渴望得到的
She acquired a knowledge of English by careful study.
她认真学习而精通英语。
It is not easy to acquire a knowledge of painting.
学画画不是件容易的事。
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not inborn.
抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。
【比较】acquire/get/gain
这三个词都有“获得”的意思，但侧重点各不相同。
(1) acquire多指经过一段时间的艰苦努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一旦获得就很难失去，如：知识等。
(2) get是一般用语，口语用词，用途很广。
(3) gain常指强有力的夺取，也可指渐渐获得某物的过程。
例如:
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
After having been instructed to drive out of town，I began to acquire confidence.
A penny saved is a penny gained.
9. resemble vt. 相似，类似，像
She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.
她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。
China's south does not at all resemble the American south.
中国的南方一点也不像美国的南部。
The brothers resemble each other in taste.
那对兄弟兴趣相似。
【归纳拓展】
resemble sb/sth in sth 在某方面与(他人或物)相似；在某方面像……
resemblance n．相似；相像
resemblance to sb/sth 与某人/某物相似
resemblance between A and B A、B之间的相似之处
look/be alike 相像；相似
look like 看起来像
be similar to... 和……类似
【温馨提示】
resemble 不能用于进行时态中，也无被动语态。
resemble 是及物动词，本身已含有“与……相似”的意思，故不必加多余的 with。
例如:
I can't find out the resemblance between these two types of plants.
对这两种植物我看不出有什么相似的地方。
She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。
My sister and I don't look alike/similar.
我和我妹妹外貌不相像。
His bike is similar to mine.
他的自行车和我的类似。
10. tiresome adj.
(1) 使人疲劳的；令人厌倦的
His speech is really tiresome.他的演讲实在令人厌倦。
(2) 讨厌的，烦人的
She can be a very tiresome child at times.
她这孩子有时会很烦人的。
【归纳拓展】
tiresome 用于修饰人或事，作定语或表语。
tire vt.& vi. 使……疲劳，疲倦
tired adj. 困倦的；疲倦的(指人的感觉)
be/get/become tired of sth/doing sth/sb 对某事/做某事/某人不耐烦或感到厌倦
tired out 筋疲力尽
tiring adj. 令人疲倦的(多指工作、旅行等事物)
some 是一种后缀形式，用于构成形容词。
例如:
troublesome 令人烦恼的；麻烦的
quarrelsome 好争吵的
handsome 英俊的
Selling houses can be a tiresome business.
卖房子有时候是很麻烦的事。
The children were being rather tiresome.
孩子们那时很讨人厌。
He has a troublesome problem to deal with.
他有棘手的问题需要处理。
11. vague adj.
(1) (形状等)模糊不清的，朦胧的
Everything looked vague in the heavy fog.
在浓雾中，一切东西看上去都很模糊。
(2) (想法等)不明确的；暖昧的；含糊的
I'm quite vague about what happened.
我对发生的事很不了解。
You should not make vague promises.
你不该作含糊不清的承诺。
【归纳拓展】
vague promises 含糊的承诺
be vague about... 不清楚……
a vague memory 模糊记忆
a vague feeling/suspicion 隐约觉得/怀疑
vaguely adv. 含糊地；稍微；大致地；茫然地；心不在焉地
vagueness n． 模糊；不详细；稍微
例如:
She is so vague that I can never understand what she is trying to say.
她说话含含糊糊，我怎么也听不明白她想说些什么。
She was rather vague about the details of the incident.
她很不清楚事情的详细细节。
The interview made him look vaguely ridiculous.
他在面试中表现得滑稽可笑。
12. component
(1) n. (机器、设备等的)构成要素；零件；成分[C]
A computer consists of thousands of components.
电脑由成千上万个部件组成。
Air force is an important component of national defense.
空军是国防的重要组成部分。
(2) adj. 组成的；构成的
component parts 零组件
【比较】component/composition
component，composition 都表示“(组)成(部)分”。component 多用于机械装置的(组)成(部)分；composition 多用于指物体内在的、固有的、不可分割的(组)成(部)分。
例如:
The agricultural scientists are interested in the chemical composition of the soil.
Surprise is an essential component of my plan.
Trust is a vital component in any relationship.
二. 短语释义
1. up to直到；相当于；忙于……；胜任；该由……决定；多达；从事于
Where are you going？Are you up to something?
你要到哪儿去？你是不是在做什么坏事啊？
I'm not up to this job.
我不能胜任这项工作。
It's up to you to decide when we shall start.
何时动身由你决定。
This kind of single-lung fish can live up to 12 hours when out of water.
这种单肺鱼离开水面能生存多达12小时。
2. in detail 详细地
Would you please explain the theme in detail?
您是否能详细地说明一下主题？
We'll discuss the problem later in detail.
我们以后再详尽地讨论这一问题。
【归纳拓展】
detailed adj. 详细的，详尽的
a detailed plan of work 详细的工作计划
go into details/detail 详细叙述
detail sth to/for sb 向/为某人详述某事
例如:
I detailed our plans to her.
Can you describe what happened in detail?
3. apply to 适用于；向……申请(或要求)
We applied to them for help.
我们向他们求援。
The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race，creed or color.
法律适用于所有的人，不分种族、信仰或肤色。
【归纳拓展】
apply to sb/sth 向某人/某物申请；涉及；有关；适用于……
apply to sb for sth 向……申请……
apply sth to sth 将……应用于……
apply oneself 使适应……；集中精力做某事
applicant n．申请人
application n．申请；申请表；申请书；应用
例如:
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
安全驾驶之规则适用于每个人。
If you apply to this university，you'll have to pay a registration fee of at least$20.
如果你申请这所学校你就得交至少20美元的注册费。
You must apply yourself to the life abroad.
你必须使自己适应国外生活。
4. figure out 想出；理解；明白
I can't figure out why you refuse to seize the chance.
我不明白你为什么会拒绝抓住这次机会。
The boy can't figure out the algebra problem.
这个男孩做不出这道代数题。
I can't figure out why he is absent.
我弄不明白他为什么缺席。
【归纳拓展】
figure sth in 把……计算在内
figure on sth 计划；打算
例如:
I hope that this year's sales figures will be excellent.
我希望今年的销售额会很不错。
Yao Ming is an outstanding figure of his basketball team.
姚明是他所在的球队中的著名人物。
Every lady hopes to keep her figure.
每位女士都想保持优美的身材。
5. tend to(do sth) 易于，往往会(做某事)
He's a good salesman，but his offhand manner does tend to put people off.
他是个很好的推销员，可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感。
Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.
现代家具设计越来越简单。
Does he tend to lose?
他常常输吗？
Weeds tend to displace other plants.
杂草越来越多，有取代其他植物之势。
【归纳拓展】
tendency n．倾向，趋势(后常接不定式作定语)
tend to/towards 朝某个方向；有某种倾向
tend on/upon 服侍；招待
tend sb/sth 照料某人/某物
例如:
The child has a tendency to get fat.
The sort of music he listens to varies，but tends towards popular music.
6. set up 建起，支起；组建；供给；恢复健康；建立，创立
Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch the escaped prisoner.
警察设置路障抓捕逃犯。
We are well set up for the apples.
这些苹果能供我们吃一段时间了。
He set up as a house painter and soon made a success of it.
他干起房屋油漆工并很快成名了。
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
【归纳拓展】
set about(sth/doing sth) 开始做，着手做
set sth aside 把……放到一边；省出；留出
set down 让某人下车；写下；登记
set off 出发；动身；启程
set out (to do sth) 出发；动身；开始工作
例如:
They set out on the last stage of their journey.
We need to set about finding a solution.
She tries to set outside some money every month.
A fund will be set up for the dead in Yushu earthquake.
7. on the phone 有电话；在打电话；通过电话
Do me a favor and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone，will you?
劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点好吗？
He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.
他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的。
You're wanted on the phone.
有电话找你。
【归纳拓展】
answer the phone 接电话
speak on the phone 在电话中说
call/get sb on the phone 找某人接电话
hang on/hold on 别挂电话
hang up the phone 挂断电话
例如:
You can't see her now；she's on the phone.
I rang his house but his mother answered the phone.
8. relate to 讲述；理解；认同；有关，涉及；与……相联系
Relate to us your adventures.
告诉我们你的冒险故事。
I just can't relate to (ie. appreciate) punk music.
我对朋克摇滚音乐简直一窍不通。
Children need to learn to relate to other children.
孩子们应该学会与其他孩子友好相处。
【归纳拓展】
related adj. 有联系的；有亲戚关系的
closely related 紧密相关的
directly related 有直接关系的
relation n．关系，联系；亲戚，亲属；交往；事务
注意：表示“关系，联系”时用单数形式；表示“交往；事务”时用复数形式。
have relations with sb 与某人有交往
have relation to sth 同某事有关
例如:
She related to them how it happened.
她给他们讲那事发生的经过。
We're only interested in the events that relate directly to the murder.
我们只对与谋杀案直接相关的事情感兴趣。
三. 句式突破
1. For example，suppose in biology you were studying how plants produce，then you could find an English text about this on the Internet.
例如：假设在生物学中，你正在研究植物如何繁衍，那你会在因特网上找到有关这方面的英语文
这里的suppose可以看成连词，意思是imagine what will/would happen if ...。它所引导的从句表示“主观设想的情况”。因此，有时动词需要用虚拟语气，本句就是如此。有时也可用supposing代替suppose。
例如:
Supposing/Suppose you fall and hurt yourself when you're out alone in the mountains?
假设当你独自在群山中摔倒受伤了(怎么办)?
Suppose they did not believe in，what would they do to him?
他们要是不相信，会把他怎样呢？
【归纳拓展】
(1) suppose可表示建议，表示“……怎么样”。
Suppose we put it off till next week?
我们把它推迟到下周如何？
Supposing you have another try?
你再试一次怎么样？
(2) be supposed to必须，应该
Everyone is supposed to know this rule.
大家都该知道这条规则。
He was supposed to have told us yesterday.
他本该昨天告诉我们的。
(3) providing/provided＋(that)clause假如……
2. It is the same with reading.
阅读也是这样。
句子中It is the same with 是“……也如此”的意思，用于前面描述的是“两种或两种以上”的不同情况，这些情况对于后者来说也如此。
例如:
(1)—Tom is very weak and lazy
—汤姆非常虚弱也很懒。
—So it is with his wife.
—他妻子也是如此。
(2)—Tom is from America，but he can speak Chinese very well.
—汤姆是美国人，但他汉语讲得很好。
—It is the same with John.
—约翰也是如此。
【归纳拓展】
(1) So it is with sb/sth＝It is the same with sb/sth… …也同样如此。
(2) 如果前面只提到了一种肯定的情况，要表示“……也如此”，可以用“So＋be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has...)＋主语”这一句式。
如果前面只提到了一种否定的情况，要表示“……也不如此”，则可以用“Neither/Nor＋be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has...)＋主语”这一句式。
(3) 如果表示对前面的内容的进一步肯定，则要用“so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词”意为“……的确是这样”。
(4)“主语＋do/did/does＋so”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。
Mary never does any reading in the evening，nor does Jane.
玛丽晚上从不看书，简也不看。
If Dick can finish the work on time，so can I.
如果狄克能按时完成工作，那我也能。
—I heard Jack completed the experiment.
—我听说杰克完成了实验。
—So he did.
—他是完成了。
例如:
Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，so it is with Ann.
迈克是加拿大人并且汉语说得很流利，安也是如此。
The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables，and he did so.
医生让他多吃些蔬菜，他就这么做了。
I don't know about that thing，nor do I care.
我不知道那件事，我也不关心。
Mary can speak English，so can I.
玛丽会说英语，我也会。
3．Some pre-reading activities ask you to recall your knowledge about subject，some teach you a few of new words you will find in the text，some ask you to glance at the way the text is organized.
有些读前活动要求你回忆与主题有关的知识，有些教你几个将在课文中出现的生词，有些要求你浏览一下课文的组织结构。
(1) 在这个复合句中，way后含有一个由that或in which引导的定语从句，that或in which在从句中作状语，修饰名词the way，已被省略。
(2) 当先行词是way，表示“方式、方法”，在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。
(3) 当the/a way后面的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which，作宾语时可省略。
请注意观察、分析、比较下面两个句子。
The way that/which/不填he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法并不难理解。
注意：way后跟that/in which从句的情况在近几年的高考中一直没有进行直接考查，请同学们一定要格外注意。考查的方式 ① 选择that/in which ② 选择way作先行词。
用这种方法in this way/with this method/by this means
4. I would rather hear a book on a cassette than read it.
我宁愿听磁带朗读而不愿看书。
此句中含有would rather...than...句型，意为“宁愿……而不愿……”。
例如:
I would rather stay at home than go out with you.
我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意和你出门。
I'd rather take the slowest train than go there by air.(＝I would take the slowest train rather than go there by air.)
我宁愿坐最慢的火车也不愿乘飞机去那儿。
【归纳拓展】
(1) would rather 为情态动词，后接动词原形，than后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语或省略to的不定式。常见句型如下：
would rather
I would rather not tell him the truth.
我宁愿不对他讲实话。
I'd much rather deal with a man than with a woman.
我很愿意跟男人打交道而不愿跟女人打交道。
(2) would rather后有时候接从句，此时从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气——一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
(3) prefer to do... rather than do... 宁愿……而不愿……
rather than 而不是
5. I find it hard to concentrate when there are a lot of people talking near me.
当附近有很多人在交谈时，我感到难以集中注意力。
这是find＋it(形式宾语)＋adj.(宾语补足语)＋to do sth(真正宾语)句型。
例如：
I find it important to learn a foreign language well.
我发现学好一门外语很重要。
I consider it possible to have a talk with him.
我认为与他交谈一下，是有可能的。
【归纳拓展】
(1) 适用于这种句型的动词除了find之外，还有believe，feel，think，consider等。
此句型完整的形式是：主语＋think/feel/consider/find...＋it＋n./adj.＋for/of sb to do...。其中for/of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。
例如：
I think it important for him to learn to get along well with others.
我认为学会与别人友好相处对他很重要。
(2) it作形式宾语也可以代替从句。
例如：
I have made it clear that I object to the plan.
我已经表明我反对这个计划。
(3) 当宾语补足语是no use，no good，useless等时，真正的宾语要用动名词。
例如:
I consider it no use talking with him；he won't listen to others.
我认为和他交谈无用，他不会听别人的话的。
(4) it 作形式宾语还可以用在像I like/hate it that/when...等句式中。
例如
I like it when there are friends around me.
我喜欢有朋友和我在一起。
6. Just as when reading English it is not necessary to understand every word，so when listening you do not need to understand every word either.
正如当你读英语时你不需要明白每一个单词的意思一样，听的时候你也不必理解每个单词的意思。
本句是一个复合句。just as引导方式状语，意为“就像……一样”。
例如:
It is just as you said.
事情正像你说的那样。
He arrived just as I was leaving.
我正要走时，他赶到了。
【归纳拓展】
just as good/nice/easily，etc 不少于；同样
just after/before/under etc 刚好；差一点就不；勉强
just about to do sth 正要做……
could/might just as well 不如；还是……的好
just about 几乎；大概
例如:
The clock struck 6 just as I arrived.
我到达时，时钟正敲6点。
I got here just after 9.
我到达这里时刚过9点。
It's raining. You might just as well stay home.
天正下雨，你最好呆在家里。
1. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ________ and more ________， have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.
A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently
解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更方便更有效率了，但是却减少了面对面交流的需要。两个空格处都需要形容词来作our life的宾补；又根据and more知道第一空格需要用比较级，所以B项正确。
答案：B
2. The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
解析：make up组成；化妆；编造；figure out理解，弄清楚；look through浏览；put off推迟。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。
答案： B
3. I don't like __________you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
解析：the way作先行词且在从句中作状语时，引导词用in which或that，也可省略。
答案： A
4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _________difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
解析：句意：这两个女孩长得如此相似以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开来。考查代词的用法。在that引导的结果状语从句中，谓语动词find的真正宾语是to tell one from the other，空格处需要形式宾语，而四个选项中只有it可以作形式宾语，所以选择A。
答案： A
5. __________ passion, people won’t have the motivation or the necessary for creative thinking.
A. For B. Without C.Beneath D. By
解析：句意“如果没有热情，人们会缺乏创造性思维所需要的动机和快乐”。考查介词辨析。A 为了，对、、、、、、； B 没有，不用； C 在、、、、、、下面；D 由，用，到、、、、、、时。根据句意选择B。
答案：B
基础演练
Ⅰ.单词识记
A组
1. continue v. 继续
(1)____________ adj. 继续的，不间断的
(2)____________ adj. 不断的，频繁的
(3)____________ n. 持续
2. suppose v. 猜想；认为；假定
(1)__________ adj. 应该的；信以为真的
(2)__________ conj. 假定，假设
(3)__________ adv. 大概；可能
(4)__________ n. 假定；猜想
3. equal adj. & v. 相等的，同样的；与……相等
(1)__________ adv. 同等地；相等地
(2)__________ n. 平等
(3)__________ v. 使相等
4. frustrate v. 使懊恼，使懊丧
(1)___________ adj. 懊恼，懊丧
(2)___________ adj. 令人懊恼的
5. bore v. 使厌烦
(1)___________ adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的
(2)___________ adj. 令人厌倦的，厌烦
(3)___________ adv. 令人厌烦地
(4)___________ n. 厌烦，无聊
6. adopt v. 收养；采纳
(1)__________ adj. 收养的，移居的
(2)__________ n. 收养；采用
(3)__________ adj. 收养的
7. depend v. 依靠；信赖
(1)_______________ n. 依靠；信赖
(2)_______________ adj. 可靠的
(3)_______________ n. 可靠性
8. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
(1)___________ adv. 效率高地
(2)___________ n. 效率；功能
B 组（限时默写）
1. ________/I'fI?nt/ adj.有效率的；效率高的→________ n.
2. ________/'sentIgreId/ adj.摄氏温度的
3. ________/daI'?mIt?/ n．直径
4. ________/'resIpI/ n．菜谱
5. ______/'k?mpIt?nt/ adj.有能力的；能胜任的→______ n.
6. adopt/?'d?pt/ vt.________→________ n．收养；采用
7.preview/'prI?vju?/vt. _______→________vt.(反义词)
8. assess/?'ses/ vt._______→_______ n．评定，评估→________adj.可估价的
9. consult/k?n's?lt/ vt.________→________n．顾问
10. manual/'m?nju?l/n.________
11. _______/?nd?'ni?θ/ adv.&prep. 在下面；在……的下面
12. _______/'bru??rI/ n．酿酒厂；啤酒厂
13. _______/'l?ut?s/ n．荷花，莲花，睡莲
14. _______/ _______/ n．获得；习得→ _______v.
15. _______/'b?leI/ n．芭蕾舞
16. _______/rI'zembl/ vt.像，类似
17. tiresome/'taI?s?m/ adj. _______
18. vague/veIg/ adj. _______→_______ n.
19. auditory/'??dIt?rI/adj. _______
20. tactile/'t?ktaIl/ adj. _______
Ⅱ.短语天地-英汉互译 1. more than ______________
2. be worth a go ______________
3. rely on ______________
4. prefer to... rather than... ______________
5. 独自 ______________
6. 在燃烧 ______________
7. 制定出；计算出；理解 ______________
8. 有关；涉及；讲述；理解______________
9. up to sb to do sth ______________
10. get frustrated ______________
11. make comments on ______________
12. consult reference books ______________
13. 在度假 ______________
14. 从头到尾 ______________
15. ……也一样 ______________
16. 舀出 ______________
Ⅲ. 选择短语填空
tend to；rely on；make sense；relate to；more than；be worth a go；concentrate on prefer to...rather than；have access to
1. People under stress ____________ express their full range of potential.
2. Having failed my French exams，I decided to__________ science subjects.
3. Does that seem to___________________________?
4. —I want to go to Yunnan to see the sights by myself.
—Great! I think it ________ really ______________.
5. As her private secretary he ________all her correspondence.
6. He ________ play ________ do his homework.
7. He is ________ our teacher. He is our friend.
8. Does the new law ________ only ________ theft?
Ⅳ.语篇填词
If you want to be a 1.________ reader, you should first pay attention to 2.________. Practice makes perfect. You can also 3.________ your reading by choosing 4.________ materials because they can keep you interested in your practice. Reading can be enjoyable if the subject interests you. To be a successful reader，you should also 5.________ the good readers. Their reading 6.________，such as 7.________，reading actively，reading in different ways according to the 8.________ for reading and reading without understanding every word of the text，will make you a good reader. We can all improve our reading. All it 9.________ is 10.________ of practice using the right techniques.
Keys:
I. A组1. continuous; continual; continuance 2. supposed; supposing; supposedly; supposition 3. equally; equality; equalize 4. frustrated; frustrating 5. bored; boring; boringly; boredom 6. adopted; adoption; adoptive 7. dependence; dependable; dependability 8. efficiently; efficiency
B组 1.efficient; efficiency 2.centigrade 3.diameter 4. recipe 5.competent；competence 6.采用；收养；adoption 7. 预习；事先查看；review 8.评定；评估；assessment; assessable 9.请教；咨询；consultant 10.手册；指南 11.underneath 12.brewery 13.lotus 14.acquisition; acquire 15.ballet 16.resemble 17.令人厌烦的；烦人的 18.含糊的；不清楚的；vagueness 19.听的；听觉的 20.触觉的；可感触到的；触觉型的
II. 1.不仅仅；超过，多于 2.值得一试 3.依赖；依靠 4.喜欢……而不喜欢……；与其……不如……5.on one's own 6. on fire 7.work out 8.relate to 9. 由某人决定做某事 10. 感到灰心丧气
11. 对……做出评价 12. 查阅参考书 13. on holiday 14. from beginning to end 15. It's the same with...16. scoop out
III. 1. tend to 2. concentrate on 3. make sense 4. is；worth a go 5. has access to 6. prefers to；rather than 7. more than 8.relate；to
Ⅳ. 1. successful 2. practice 3. improve 4. interesting 5. learn from 6. techniques
7. preview 8. purpose 9. requires 10. plenty
巩固提高
Ⅰ. 介、副词填空
1. Lack of demand will slow ________ our economic growth.
2. You need to decide how much money to allocate ________ each item before you go traveling.
3. Will you explain it to us ________ detail?
4. He promised to keep my wishes ________ mind.
5. It is ________ ________ you to decide whether we should have an exam at the end of this month or not.
6. People waved from the bridge as the boat passed ________.
7. The results of this research can be applied ________ new developments in technology.
8. The issues pointed out by the lecture just now are directly relevant ________ the needs of slow learners.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. A. Look up the new words in the dictionary if necessary.
B. ________the dictionary if necessary.
2. A. I can live in my house comfortably.
B. My house is comfortable________ ________ ________.
3. A. Because he hasn't completed the programme，he has to stay there for another two weeks.
B. ________ ________ ________ the programme，he has to stay there for another two weeks.
4. A.—Tom is very weak and lazy.
—So it is with his wife.
B.—Tom is very weak and lazy.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________his wife.
5. A. So far，Shanghai Expo has received 50 million visitors.
B. ________ ________ ________，Shanghai Expo has received 50 million visitors.
Ⅲ. 翻译与仿写
1. This applies equally to playing sports or becoming a good musician, painter or doctor.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：我们应努力学习经济理论并能将其应用到实际中。
_______________________________________________________________
2. There are certain techniques you can learn and then it is up to you to practice, practice and practice.
翻译：_________________________________________________________
仿写：是否把你的名字写进名单是你的事。
_______________________________________________________________
3. That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as studying biology.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：他既喜欢游泳又喜欢打篮球。
______________________________________________________________
4. It is the same with reading.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：王琳是个好学生还经常帮助他人，李林也一样。
_____________________________________________________________
5. She suggested that we all have a good night's sleep before the exam.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：我们建议立刻开始工作。
______________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. 根据括号中所给的提示把下列句子翻译成英语
1. 政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。(set up)
________________________________________________________________
2. 我们的意见和他们的相似。(be similar to)
_______________________________________________________________
3. 他记不清我的电话号码。(be vague about)
______________________________________________________________
4. 那些早完成工作的人将会得到奖金。(bonus)
_______________________________________________________________
5. 即使里面穿一件毛衣，这件外套也太大了。(underneath)
_______________________________________________________________
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1. down 2. to 3. in 4. in 5. up to 6. beneath 7. to 8. to
Ⅱ. 1. Consult 2. to live in 3. Not having completed 4. It is the same with 5. Up to now
Ⅲ.1. 这同样适合于进行体育活动，成为一个好的音乐家、画家或医生。
We should try to learn economic theory and apply it to the practice.
2.有一些你能学到的技巧，然后训练、训练、再训练就是你的事了。
It is up to you whether to add your name to the list.
3. 那样你既可以训练用英语阅读又可以学习生物。
He likes swimming as well as playing basketball.
4. 阅读也一样。
Wanglin is a good student and she always helps others. It is the same with Lilin.
5. 她建议我们大家在考试前好好睡一晚上。
We suggested that the work be done at once.
Ⅳ. 1. The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.
2. Our opinions are similar to theirs.
3. He was vague about my telephone number.
4. Those who finish the job early will be paid a bonus.
5. This jacket's too big, even with a sweater underneath.
1. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
2. The book didn't________ children probably because the author employed too many scientific terms in it.
A. apply to B. match C. intend to D. lead to
3. Take an umbrella when you go to Guangzhou because it rains ________ there.
A. many times B. frequently C. over again D. enough
4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting________ you don't mind taking the night train.
A. provided B. unless C. though D. until
5. We're trying to ring back，Bryan，but we couldn't find our telephone book to________.
A. consult B. take down C. work out D. bring about
6. It was ________ computer games that took the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
7. We looked down from the plane at the fields spread out ________.
A. bottom B. under C. underneath D. beneath
8. The old couple decided to________ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.
A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt
9. The house I grew up________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
10. —What do you want to do next？We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—________.Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that
11. The use of standard ________ in cars，building construction，etc，makes it easier to replace them when they are damaged.
A. compounds B. components C. compositions D. competitions
12. A violent crime was________ every 32 seconds in this area of the city last year.
A. committed B. found C. sentenced D. made
13. At the crossing there is an arrow________ the direction to the Andrew Farm.
A. indicating B. presenting C. representing D. predicting
14. Children nowadays ________ be so rebellious that parents often feel at a loss about what to expect from them.
A. refer to B. occur to C. stick to D. tend to
15. Some school authorities________ a teacher's achievement or his ability by the number of his students who pass the public examinations.
A. assess B. assign C. estimate D. calculate
16. He________ his adventure to his children.
A. related B. said C. spoke D. talked
17. Many scholars and experts from the world will be invited to attend the_____ of 2010 on drug control.
A. reference B. intention C. conference D. interaction
18. Mary was often told that she__________ her elder sister Ellen.
A. reacted B. reflected C. recalled D. resembled
19. By law，when one makes a large purchase，he should have ________ opportunity to change his mind.
A. accurate B. adequate C. urgent D. excessive
20. This is the first time we________ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
Keys:
1-5 AABAA 6-10 BDDBB 11-15 BAADA 16-20 ACDBD
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_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单选（2015朝阳一模）
1. — Are you doing your homework?
— No, I’m writing a short play. It_____ at the Christmas party.
A. will be put on B. will put on C. puts on D. is put on
2. In order to keep fit , the old man makes it a rule _____ for a walk after supper every day.
A. going B. to go C. go D. gone
3.— Steve, the vacation is coming soon. Have you found a summer job yet ?
— I suppose I can work at the boy’s camp _____ I worked last summer.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
4. Sally was excited to meet Susan at the party last night. They _____each other since they graduated from Oxford University in 2010.
A. haven’t seen B. hadn’t seen C. didn’t see D. don’t see
5.—We’ve only got this small bookcase—will that do ?
—No. _____ I was looking for was something much bigger and stronger.
A. What B. Where C. That D. Which
6. I will wait _____ 6:30, but then I’m going home.
A. from B. at C. after D. until
7. Studies show that people who have a glass of wine per day do better than _____ who don’t.
A. that B. the one C. ones D. those
8. Oh! I can feel something _____ up my leg ! It must be an insect.
A. to climb B. climbing C. climb D. climber
9. She doesn’t speak our language, _____ she seems to understand what we say.
A. for B. and C. yet D. or
10. — Congratulations! I hear you’ve won the first prize in the singing competition.
—You _____ be mistaken. I’m in the dance class.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
11. If it _____ earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down.
A. has been repaired B. is repaired C. had been repaired D. was repaired
12. A public health campaign _____ the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over the past three decades.
A. had reduced B. had been reduced C. has reduced D. has been reduced
13. —How are you getting along with your German, Kate?
—Oh, Mr. Black, I’m so tired of it. Maybe I should drop out _____ it kills me.
A. when B. after C. while D. before
14.—What do you do, Rita ?
—I’m a clerk in a foreign company now. But I_____ English in a high school for 10 years.
A. teach B. have taught C. taught D. am teaching
15. Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when_____ alone.
A. seen B. seeing C. see D. to see
二. 阅读理解
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Let’s Go Fly a Kite…
– at Piedmont Middle School’s celebration of kites!
Come and learn how to build all sorts of kites, from the simplest diamond-shaped kites to the most complex box kites. Stay as long as you like and build as many kites as you want. Once you have finished a kite, get advice on flying techniques from kite expert Lorena Hallsberg. The celebration will be at Piedmont Middle School, 151 Piedmont School Drive.
The Piedmont Middle School Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) has organized a refreshment (茶点) tent. All profits will benefit future PTO activities. Take a break from kite flying and drink some lemonade! While you are doing so, why not join the PTO? Membership is free; you just donate your time. Show your support for Piedmont Middle School by joining the PTP this Saturday!
When: Saturday, April 11, from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm
Where: Piedmont Middle School
Why: For fun!
Cost: Free, thanks to a generous gift from Bizarco Kite Company!
Schedule
9:00 am – Kite-building booths open. All materials are supplied for kites.
10:00 am – Kite-building shows by Lorena Hallsberg in the courtyard. Come by and learn how to build box kites and kites that look and fly like butterflies.
11:00 am – Kite-flying shows on the school track. Learn all the most important skills.
12:00 pm – Kite-flying competitions on the school track.
1:00 pm – Presentation by Dr. Brian Lehrman in the show tent : “The History of Kites”.
2:00 pm – Best Kite competitions and judging in the show tent. Come see the most artistic kites and the most interesting theme kites.
3:00 pm – Presentation by Dr. Lehrman in the show tent : “Kites and Science”.
3:30 pm – Awards ceremony conducted by Headmaster Seward on the football field. The results of the day’s judging will be announced, with awards such as Best of Show, Most Artistic, Highest Flyer, and others. Winners will receive gifts from the Bizarco Kite Company!
4：00 – 5：00 pm – Let’s all go fly a kite! Everyone flies kites at the same time, creating a wonderful sight for all to enjoy.
Come to the kite celebration, enjoy yourself and learn more.
16. The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to ask people to ________.
A. build a kite B. support the PTO
C. take a break D. join the fun
17. Which times are most important for people who want to join in kite competitions?
A. 10:00 am and 11:00 am. B. 12:00 pm and 2:00 pm
C. 1:00 pm and 3:00 pm. D. 2:00 pm and 4:00 pm.
18. From the passage, we know that the kite celebration ________.
A. is enjoyable and educational
B. is strict about the shapes of kites
C. gets money from PTO of Piedmont Middle School
D. gives people a chance to see kites from around the world
19. The passage is intended for ________.
A. school staff B. kite experts
C. students and parents D. kite companies
B
“ The 13th of June, 1325, I left Tangier, my birthplace, with the intention of making the pilgrimage(朝圣) to Mecca... to leave my friends, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris—the travel diary of Ibn Battuta.
Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history’s great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modern countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.
Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the sultan—the Muslim ruler of Delhi. On the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen: “...I was hit by an arrow and my horse bu another, but God in his grace preserved me...” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his previous study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, but misfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering(散播) treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves—one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.
After a lifetime of amazing adventures, Ibn Battua was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he agreed and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.
What can we learn about Ibn Battuta from the passage?
He had great interest in the Islamic world.
He returned to his homeland to write a book.
His journey were less important than Marco Polo’s.
His journey were very common for people of that time.
The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because .
Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca
Ibn Battuta had been a judge before
Ibn Battuta had worked as a translator
Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries
Which is the best title for the passage?
The Learned Ibn Battuta
A Visitor to Mecca
C The Travels of Ibn Battuta
D. Desire for Adventure
C
Culture and Cuisine
The United States is known for jazz and blue jeans. But travel to Paris and ask your average French citizen about American cuisine（烹饪）and he’s likely to an answer, “McDonalds.” Ask the same thing of any American citizen on any American street and I’m afraid you’d get the same answer, or something close to it.
Hamburgers and hotdogs and fries are all fine, but with American malls and other outlets standardizing everything from clothing to food, the sad truth is that American cuisine is becoming more homogeneous—all the same—no matter where you live. True, many Americans are eating more varied foods these days, but these are largely the cuisines of immigrant groups, and they are quite likely to be affected by homogenization of American cuisine.
So what exactly is American cuisine? Well, to some extent it is a reflection of our melting pot culture, meaning that Europeans made huge contributions in the form of wheat, dairy products, pork, beef and poultry. But American cuisine also includes products that once were known only to the New World, including potatoes, corn, pumpkin, sweet potatoes, and peanuts.
The one region of the country where you still find all these things in daily use is the Deep South. The South lost the Civil War, but children of the southerners are winning the battle to preserve and advance their cooking traditions—and in this case one of the few cuisines can truly be called American, which is why we’re pleased to have Low Country cuisine in this issue of food creation. That’s right, grits and gravy are back in a big way in cities like Charleston and Savannah. Truth is, they never really left, but up until a decade ago Low Country cuisine was more common at home than in restaurants.
In fact, a large number of tourists now go to the lower Atlantic region in order to experience this extraordinary cuisine for themselves. Time will tell whether Low Country cuisine becomes popular in other regions of the country in the way that, say, Italian cuisine has, but it's amazing and heartening to see one of our true cultural treasures enjoying renewed popularity in these increasingly homogeneous times.
23. According to the passage, American cuisine impresses people as being __________
A. dull and changeless
B. rich and various
C. popular and delicious
D. disagreeable and unpleasant
24. It can be seen that the writer feels regretful that __________
A. cuisines of other countries play a more important role in America
B. American cuisine has become increasingly lacking in variety
C. American cuisine tends to vary because of immigration
D. American cuisine is being changed by foreign cuisines
25. From the passage, we know that grits and gravy__________
A. were cooked with new materials after the Civil War
B. are gaining popularity in the south of America
C. were more popular over ten years ago
D. are seldom served in restaurants
26. What's the writer's attitude towards the renewal of Low Country cuisine in America?
A. Concerned and cautious.
B. Hopeless and doubtful.
C. Positive and supportive.
D. Critical and disapproving.
D
The Enigma(谜)of Beauty
The search for beauty spans centuries and continents. Paintings of Egyptians dating back over 4,000 years both men and women painting their nail and wearing makeup. In 18th-century France, wealthy noblemen wore large wigs(假发)of long, white hair to make themselves attractive. Today, people continue to devote a lot of time and money to their appearance.
There is at least one good reason for the desire to be attractive: beauty is power. Studies suggest that good-looking people make more money, get called on more often in class, and are regarded as friendlier.
But what exactly is beauty? It’s difficult to describe it clearly, and yet we know it when we see it. And our awareness of it may start at a very early age. In one set of studies, six-month-old babies were shown a series of photographs. The faces on the pictures had been rated for attractiveness by a group of college students. In the studies, the babies spent more time looking at the attractive faces than the unattractive ones.
The idea that even babies can judge appearance makes perfect sense to many researchers. In studies by psychologies, men consistently showed a preference for women with larger eyes, fuller lips, and a smaller nose and chin while women prefer men with large shoulders and a narrow waist. According to scientists, the mind unconsciously tells men and women that these traits –the full lips, clear skin, strong shoulders----equal health and genetic well-being.
Not everyone thinks the same way, however. “Our hardwiredness can be changed by all sorts of expectations-----mostly cultural.” Says C. Loring Brace, an anthropologist at the University of Michigan. What is considered attractive in one culture might not be in another. Look at most Western fashion magazines: the women on the pages are thin. But is this “perfect” body type for women worldwide? Scientists’ answer is no; what is considered beautiful is subjective and varies around the world. They found native peoples in southeast Peru preferred shapes regarded overweight in Western cultures.
For better or worse, beauty plays a role in our lives. But it is extremely difficult to describe exactly what makes one person attractive to another. Although there do seem be certain physical traits considered universally appealing, it is also true that beauty does not always keep to a single, uniform standard. Beauty really is, as the saying goes, in the eyes of the beholder.
27. People’s ideas about beauty_________.
A. have existed since ancient times
B. can be easily described
C. have little influence on a person’s success
D. are based upon strict criteria
28. In Paragraph 3, the babies in the study_______.
A. were rated for their appearance
B. were entered in a beauty contest
C. were shown photos of a group of college students
D. were able to tell attractive faces from unattractive ones
29. The underlined word “traits” in Paragraph 4 probably means______.
A. qualities B. measurements C. judgments D. Standards
30. We can learn from the passage that________.
A. the ideas of beauty vary as people grow up
B. the search for beauty is rooted in lack of confidence
C. the standards for beauty are based on scientific researches
D. the understanding of beauty depends on cultural backgrounds
第二节
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Virtual(虚拟) Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time.__31__This is particularly so for business that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams.__32__It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed.
__33__One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work. That is to say, when each person’s work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment.__34__Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively.
Managers of virtual teams need to pay much attention to having clear goals, performance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.__35__
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
Yet, there is one significant difference.
Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.
Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face.
To avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
Keys:
一. 1-5 ABBBA 6-10 DDBCA 11-15 CCDCA
二. 16-20 BBACA 21-25 ACABB 26-30 CADAD 31-35 EABDG
Unit 4 Learning efficiently-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握虚拟语气运用；
2. 掌握常考虚拟语气的解题方法；
虚拟语气
一. 定义
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
二. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1. 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。
2. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。例如：
If I had time，I would attend the meeting.
If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.
2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“had+过去分词”， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+ have+过去分词”。例如：
If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.
3) 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从句谓动可以用三种形式: a. “动词过去式”； b. “were to+动词原形”； c. “should+动词原形”， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。例如：
If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
(1) 错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：
If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.
要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。
(2) if的省略和倒装
在条件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。例如:
If I were at school again，I would study harder.
→Were I at school again，I would study harder.
If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
注意： 当省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。比如，我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now.
(3) 含蓄条件句
① 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。例如:
What would you do with a million dollars？(＝if you had a million dollars)
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn't got your help)
Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.(＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，...＝Had it not been for your help，...)
② 用otherwise，however，but或分词短语等代替条件状语从句。例如:
He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.
他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。
The firemen arrived in time. Otherwise the house would have been burnt to the ground.
消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
若是多加注意，这些树就会长得更好。
三. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1. 用于宾语从句中
(1) wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：
a. 过去时（宾从动作与wish同时）；b. 过去完成时（宾从动作先于wish）；c. could/ would/ might+动词原形，即过去将来时（宾从动作后于wish）。例如:
I wish I remembered his address.
我希望我记得他的地址。
I wish I had studied hard.
我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。
(2) 表示建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，动词有：demand, order, require, insist（坚决主张）, suggest（建议）, propose, advise, decide, determine, vote(提议), command, arrange(安排、协商), desire, prefer, intend等，从句谓动用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。例如:
The doctor suggested/insisted that she(should)stay in bed for a few days.
医生建议/坚持她卧床几天。
注意： 当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，that 从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。例如：
The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.
他脸上的表情暗示出他不高兴。
Mike insisted that he was right.
迈克坚持认为自己是对的。
(3) would (had) rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer＋从句结构，这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。例如:
I would rather you didn't go there.
我宁愿你不去那儿。
(4) If only 引导的感叹句中。例如:
If only I were a bird!
我要是只鸟儿多好啊！
2. 用于主语从句中
It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that 从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。例如:
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.
It is strange that he(should)have acted toward his parents like that.(act 发生在主句谓语动词be之前时，要用should have＋过去分词)
注意： 以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。例如:
It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.
It's a pity that you can't dance.
3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”。如：
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.
四. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
1. 在as if/though 引导的方式状语和even if/though 引导的让步状语从句中：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如:
She loves the boy as if he were her own son.
她喜欢这个男孩子就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
2. 在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“could/might/may/can＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。例如:
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
他早起为的是能够赶上第一班公共汽车。
3. 在in case that，for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should不可省略。例如:
She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold.
她把一个大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。
4. if only 后面需要用虚拟语气：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如:
If only I could operate the computer.
要是我会操作电脑该多好。
If only he had known it.
要是他知道这件事该多好。
五. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
It is high/about time that...句型中一般用过去时或“should＋动词原形”(但should不可省略)表示虚拟语气，前者更为常用。例如:
It's high/about time that children went/should go to school.
到了孩子们上学的时候了。
1. What would have happened，____________ as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
2. It's high time that we____________ home and____________ supper now.
A. go；have B. went；had C. go；should have D. went；to have
3. I was really anxious about you. You____________ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
4. He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he____________ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
5. I wish I____________ the book yesterday，but I was too busy.
A. had finished to write B. had finished writing
C. could have finished to write D. might finish writing
基础演练
单选
1. I have no time now. If I _____time, I ____to the cinema with you.
A had; may go B have; shall go
C had; would go D had had; would have gone
2. If she had worked harder, she___.
A would succeed B had succeeded
C should succeed D would have succeeded
3. I would not have gone to the party, _____.
A were I not invited B hadn’t invited
C hadn’t been invited D had not I been invited
4. How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A has B had C will have D had had
5. How I wish I ______ to fix the clock! I only made it worse.
A could have tried B didn’t try C hadn’t tried D couldn’t tried
6. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A wouldn’t have fallen B had not fallen C should fall D were to fall
7. I advised that the sick child_____ a hospital as soon as possible.
A should send to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to
8. What she said at the meeting suggested that she ____ our plan.
A support B supported C should support D will support
9. The man insisted that he____ the law and ___into prison.
A didn’t break; not put B hadn’t broken; shouldn’t be put
C not break; not put D hadn’t broken; mustn’t be put
10. ___it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
A If B Would C When D Should
巩固提高
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I'd rather you ________ (come) tomorrow.
2. If only he ________ (be) alive.
3. We should act as if she ____________ (watch) us.
4. I couldn't help even though I ____________ (be)there at the moment.
5. If I ____________(inform)yesterday，I ________ (know)what to do now.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't fail in the exam.________
2. I would have finished the work，but I had been ill.________
3. It's high time we do our homework.________
4. I wish she will do better next time.________
5. The teacher demanded that he answered the question immediately.________
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. My suggestion is that _______________________(我们根据天气情况来安排运动会的日期)．
2. _______________________ (要不是他的帮助)，I couldn't have finished the work on time.
3. Without/But for your help，_______________________ (我是不会安全到家的)．
4. If I were you，I _______________________ (更加注意英语的习语和短语)．
5. _______________________ (如果他九点动身的话)，he ought to have been in London
by eleven o'clock.
1. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night________，too cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold
B. would be frozen cold
C. would be freezing coldly
D. can freeze coldly
2. You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need
C. should D. would
3. If only he________ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
4. Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I________ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten
C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eat
5. Mr. White________ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didn't show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
6. How I wish every family________ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. But for the help of my English teacher，I________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
9. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he________ it differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
10. Bill suggested________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold
C. holding D. hold
11. The order came that the medical supplies ________ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A. would be sent B. should send
C. be sent D. must be sent
12. These achievements ________ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen，a key leader of the New China's nuclear missile and so on.
A. would have been unthinkable
B. would not be unthinkable
C. would be unthinkable
D. would not have been unthinkable
13. They must have been enjoying themselves there，otherwise they ________ so long.
A. can't have stayed B. wouldn't have stayed
C. needn't have stayed D. couldn't stay
14. The current economic situation requires that we ________ strengthen our confidence and make every effort to promote growth and balanced development.
A. need B. would
C. could D. should
15. The boy insisted that he ________ his best and ________ praised.
A. had tried；must be B. tried；must be
C. try；should be D. had tried；be
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 完型（2015朝阳一模）
Appeal to Emotion(情感)
My childhood left three months ago on a plane to Austria.
It was a 1 day when my baby cousins moved away. My cousins were a fundamental part of my life; 2 they were not with me, they were on my mind. They brought back the untroubled days of my childhood, 3 games, adventures and silliness, but they also helped 4 me from an at-times selfish teenager into a responsible adult.
My aunt and uncle moved here from Boston with their 1-year-old daughter Yasmeen. They lived in an apartment on the side of our house and I was 5 to have our family, especially a baby girl, so close to us. Yasmeen had close friendships with each of my sisters, but I knew the one that 6 between us was the strongest. As she began to walk on her own and talk in full sentences, I realized my great 7
upon her. I noticed that she’d 8 some of my unpleasant actions, 9 with her mother after I had done the same. Yasmeen made me realize what being a good 10 really was.
When Maya was born, Yasmeen had a hard time 11 . She was jealous(嫉妒) of the attention we all paid to her new younger sister, so I did my best to keep her company when she might have not been 12 . Once Yasmeen overcame her jealousy, she was able to 13 Maya’s presence, like we all did. I tried to take advantage of our times together, doing my best to 14 my schedule for my two favorite people.
My 15 with Yasmeen and Maya has taught me the importance of influential people. I know that I have helped Yasmeen and Maya 16 , but “the babies” have had an even greater influence on my own life. They have shown me how to be a parent, a sister, a child, and most importantly, a friend. Our 17 has made me a better person—a more patient person, with the ability to 18 endless questions and spilled(洒) juice；an 19 person, able to have fun and be happy with others; a role model, 20 the babies ideas about right and wrong, and a compassionate person, able to forgive and love.
1.
A. sad
B. busy
C. fine
D. relaxing
2.
A. until
B. before
C. when
D. unless
3.
A. against
B. through
C. besides
D. for
4.
A. lead
B. challenge
C. mature
D. encourage
5.
A. overjoyed
B. embarrassed
C. surprised
D. afraid
6.
A. ended
B. started
C. survived
D. developed
7.
A. pressure
B. dependence
C. mercy
D. influence
8.
A. doubt
B. regret
C. copy
D. guide
9.
A. debating
B. arguing
C. negotiating
D. checking
10.
A. leader
B. partner
C. friend
D. example
11.
A. sharing
B. adjusting
C. recognizing
D. struggling
12.
A. noticed
B. admired
C. comforted
D. protected
13.
A. ignore
B. mind
C. sense
D. enjoy
14.
A. affect
B. accept
C. free
D. ruin
15.
A. instruction
B. experiment
C. experience
D. interview
16.
A. grow
B. succeed
C. think
D. behave
17.
A. meeting
B. relationship
C. responsibility
D. respect
18.
A. review
B. tolerate
C. repeat
D. avoid
19.
A. honest
B. independent
C. aggressive
D. enthusiastic
20.
A. showing
B. writing
C. awarding
D. permitting
二. 书面表达
你的美国朋友Chris目前在北京学习汉语，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座，请你根据以下提示给他一封电子邮件。邀请他来参加。
农业大学张教授讲解中国茶文化的历史和传播；
讲座后有交流和品茶活动；
你将陪同Chris并帮其翻译讲解。
注意：1. 词数不少于50。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi Chris,
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Joe
第二节
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华， 上周日你班组织到首都图书馆参加一天的文化志愿活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇日记，记述活动的全过程。
注意：1. 词数不少于60。
2. 日记的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
March 29th, Sunday Fine
Today some classmates and I served at Capital Library as volunteers.
Unit 4 Learning efficiently-语法篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握虚拟语气运用；
2. 掌握常考虚拟语气的解题方法；
虚拟语气
一. 定义
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
二. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1. 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。
2. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。例如：
If I had time，I would attend the meeting.
If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.
2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓动用“had+过去分词”， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+ have+过去分词”。例如：
If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.
3) 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从句谓动可以用三种形式: a. “动词过去式”； b. “were to+动词原形”； c. “should+动词原形”， 主句谓动用“would/ should/ could/might+动词原形”。例如：
If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
(1) 错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：
If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now.
要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。
(2) if的省略和倒装
在条件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。例如:
If I were at school again，I would study harder.
→Were I at school again，I would study harder.
If you had come earlier，you would catch the bus.
→Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
注意： 当省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。比如，我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now.
(3) 含蓄条件句
① 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。例如:
What would you do with a million dollars？(＝if you had a million dollars)
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(＝if we hadn't got your help)
Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.(＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，...＝Had it not been for your help，...)
② 用otherwise，however，but或分词短语等代替条件状语从句。例如:
He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday.
他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。
The firemen arrived in time. Otherwise the house would have been burnt to the ground.
消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
若是多加注意，这些树就会长得更好。
三. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1. 用于宾语从句中
(1) wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：
a. 过去时（宾从动作与wish同时）；b. 过去完成时（宾从动作先于wish）；c. could/ would/ might+动词原形，即过去将来时（宾从动作后于wish）。例如:
I wish I remembered his address.
我希望我记得他的地址。
I wish I had studied hard.
我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。
(2) 表示建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，动词有：demand, order, require, insist（坚决主张）, suggest（建议）, propose, advise, decide, determine, vote(提议), command, arrange(安排、协商), desire, prefer, intend等，从句谓动用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。例如:
The doctor suggested/insisted that she(should)stay in bed for a few days.
医生建议/坚持她卧床几天。
注意： 当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，that 从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。例如：
The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.
他脸上的表情暗示出他不高兴。
Mike insisted that he was right.
迈克坚持认为自己是对的。
(3) would (had) rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer＋从句结构，这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。例如:
I would rather you didn't go there.
我宁愿你不去那儿。
(4) If only 引导的感叹句中。例如:
If only I were a bird!
我要是只鸟儿多好啊！
2. 用于主语从句中
It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that 从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。例如:
It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.
It is strange that he(should)have acted toward his parents like that.(act 发生在主句谓语动词be之前时，要用should have＋过去分词)
注意： 以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。例如:
It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.
It's a pity that you can't dance.
3. 用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”。如：
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing.
四. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
1. 在as if/though 引导的方式状语和even if/though 引导的让步状语从句中：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如:
She loves the boy as if he were her own son.
她喜欢这个男孩子就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
2. 在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“could/might/may/can＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。例如:
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.
他早起为的是能够赶上第一班公共汽车。
3. 在in case that，for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should不可省略。例如:
She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold.
她把一个大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。
4. if only 后面需要用虚拟语气：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如:
If only I could operate the computer.
要是我会操作电脑该多好。
If only he had known it.
要是他知道这件事该多好。
五. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
It is high/about time that...句型中一般用过去时或“should＋动词原形”(但should不可省略)表示虚拟语气，前者更为常用。例如:
It's high/about time that children went/should go to school.
到了孩子们上学的时候了。
1. What would have happened，____________ as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
解析: 考查虚拟语气的特殊用法。在虚拟语气中，如果把条件状语从句中的if省略，可以把助动词had，were或者should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒装形式。根据前面的谓语形式可知，此题表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，在条件句中的应用。
答案: C
2. It's high time that we____________ home and____________ supper now.
A. go；have B. went；had C. go；should have D. went；to have
解析: 该句型中的谓语动词用“过去式”或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。
答案: B
3. I was really anxious about you. You____________ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left
C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
解析: 你不应该一句话不说就离家出走的，但是你却这样做了，用虚拟语气。
答案: B
4. He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he____________ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored
解析: 根据语境可知，他没有进球得分，所以要选的应该是虚拟语气。根据前面的动词可知，表示的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以主句要用情态动词＋have done 形式。
答案: D
5. I wish I____________ the book yesterday，but I was too busy.
A. had finished to write B. had finished writing
C. could have finished to write D. might finish writing
解析：wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，由yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done表示，且finish后跟v.-ing形式，故选B项。
答案: B
基础演练
单选
1. I have no time now. If I _____time, I ____to the cinema with you.
A had; may go B have; shall go
C had; would go D had had; would have gone
2. If she had worked harder, she___.
A would succeed B had succeeded
C should succeed D would have succeeded
3. I would not have gone to the party, _____.
A were I not invited B hadn’t invited
C hadn’t been invited D had not I been invited
4. How I wish every family ____ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A has B had C will have D had had
5. How I wish I ______ to fix the clock! I only made it worse.
A could have tried B didn’t try C hadn’t tried D couldn’t tried
6. It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A wouldn’t have fallen B had not fallen C should fall D were to fall
7. I advised that the sick child_____ a hospital as soon as possible.
A should send to B should be sent C be sent to D must be sent to
8. What she said at the meeting suggested that she ____ our plan.
A support B supported C should support D will support
9. The man insisted that he____ the law and ___into prison.
A didn’t break; not put B hadn’t broken; shouldn’t be put
C not break; not put D hadn’t broken; mustn’t be put
10. ___it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.
A If B Would C When D Should
Keys：
1-5 CDDBC 6-10 BCBBD
巩固提高
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I'd rather you ________ (come) tomorrow.
2. If only he ________ (be) alive.
3. We should act as if she ____________ (watch) us.
4. I couldn't help even though I ____________ (be)there at the moment.
5. If I ____________(inform)yesterday，I ________ (know)what to do now.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't fail in the exam.________
2. I would have finished the work，but I had been ill.________
3. It's high time we do our homework.________
4. I wish she will do better next time.________
5. The teacher demanded that he answered the question immediately.________
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. My suggestion is that _______________________(我们根据天气情况来安排运动会的日期)．
2. _______________________ (要不是他的帮助)，I couldn't have finished the work on time.
3. Without/But for your help，_______________________ (我是不会安全到家的)．
4. If I were you，I _______________________ (更加注意英语的习语和短语)．
5. _______________________ (如果他九点动身的话)，he ought to have been in London
by eleven o'clock.
Keys：
Ⅰ. 1.came 2.were 3.were watching 4.had been 5.had been informed；should know
Ⅱ. 1.fail→have failed 2.had been→was 3.do→did 4.will→might 5.answered→should answer
Ⅲ. 1. we (should) fix the date for the sports meeting depending on the weather
2. Had it not been for his help
3. I couldn't have returned home safely
4. would pay more attention to English idioms and phrases
5. If he had started at 9：00
1. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night________，too cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold
B. would be frozen cold
C. would be freezing coldly
D. can freeze coldly
2. You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need
C. should D. would
3. If only he________ quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
4. Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I________ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten
C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eat
5. Mr. White________ at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didn't show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
6. How I wish every family________ a large house with a beautiful garden!
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. But for the help of my English teacher，I________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
9. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he________ it differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
10. Bill suggested________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold
C. holding D. hold
11. The order came that the medical supplies ________ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A. would be sent B. should send
C. be sent D. must be sent
12. These achievements ________ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen，a key leader of the New China's nuclear missile and so on.
A. would have been unthinkable
B. would not be unthinkable
C. would be unthinkable
D. would not have been unthinkable
13. They must have been enjoying themselves there，otherwise they ________ so long.
A. can't have stayed B. wouldn't have stayed
C. needn't have stayed D. couldn't stay
14. The current economic situation requires that we ________ strengthen our confidence and make every effort to promote growth and balanced development.
A. need B. would
C. could D. should
15. The boy insisted that he ________ his best and ________ praised.
A. had tried；must be B. tried；must be
C. try；should be D. had tried；be
Keys:
1-5 ACCCA 6-10 BBBCC 11-15 CABDB
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 完型（2015朝阳一模）
Appeal to Emotion(情感)
My childhood left three months ago on a plane to Austria.
It was a 1 day when my baby cousins moved away. My cousins were a fundamental part of my life; 2 they were not with me, they were on my mind. They brought back the untroubled days of my childhood, 3 games, adventures and silliness, but they also helped 4 me from an at-times selfish teenager into a responsible adult.
My aunt and uncle moved here from Boston with their 1-year-old daughter Yasmeen. They lived in an apartment on the side of our house and I was 5 to have our family, especially a baby girl, so close to us. Yasmeen had close friendships with each of my sisters, but I knew the one that 6 between us was the strongest. As she began to walk on her own and talk in full sentences, I realized my great 7
upon her. I noticed that she’d 8 some of my unpleasant actions, 9 with her mother after I had done the same. Yasmeen made me realize what being a good 10 really was.
When Maya was born, Yasmeen had a hard time 11 . She was jealous(嫉妒) of the attention we all paid to her new younger sister, so I did my best to keep her company when she might have not been 12 . Once Yasmeen overcame her jealousy, she was able to 13 Maya’s presence, like we all did. I tried to take advantage of our times together, doing my best to 14 my schedule for my two favorite people.
My 15 with Yasmeen and Maya has taught me the importance of influential people. I know that I have helped Yasmeen and Maya 16 , but “the babies” have had an even greater influence on my own life. They have shown me how to be a parent, a sister, a child, and most importantly, a friend. Our 17 has made me a better person—a more patient person, with the ability to 18 endless questions and spilled(洒) juice；an 19 person, able to have fun and be happy with others; a role model, 20 the babies ideas about right and wrong, and a compassionate person, able to forgive and love.
1.
A. sad
B. busy
C. fine
D. relaxing
2.
A. until
B. before
C. when
D. unless
3.
A. against
B. through
C. besides
D. for
4.
A. lead
B. challenge
C. mature
D. encourage
5.
A. overjoyed
B. embarrassed
C. surprised
D. afraid
6.
A. ended
B. started
C. survived
D. developed
7.
A. pressure
B. dependence
C. mercy
D. influence
8.
A. doubt
B. regret
C. copy
D. guide
9.
A. debating
B. arguing
C. negotiating
D. checking
10.
A. leader
B. partner
C. friend
D. example
11.
A. sharing
B. adjusting
C. recognizing
D. struggling
12.
A. noticed
B. admired
C. comforted
D. protected
13.
A. ignore
B. mind
C. sense
D. enjoy
14.
A. affect
B. accept
C. free
D. ruin
15.
A. instruction
B. experiment
C. experience
D. interview
16.
A. grow
B. succeed
C. think
D. behave
17.
A. meeting
B. relationship
C. responsibility
D. respect
18.
A. review
B. tolerate
C. repeat
D. avoid
19.
A. honest
B. independent
C. aggressive
D. enthusiastic
20.
A. showing
B. writing
C. awarding
D. permitting
二. 书面表达
你的美国朋友Chris目前在北京学习汉语，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座，请你根据以下提示给他一封电子邮件。邀请他来参加。
农业大学张教授讲解中国茶文化的历史和传播；
讲座后有交流和品茶活动；
你将陪同Chris并帮其翻译讲解。
注意：1. 词数不少于50。
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi Chris,
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Joe
第二节
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班的学生李华， 上周日你班组织到首都图书馆参加一天的文化志愿活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇日记，记述活动的全过程。
注意：1. 词数不少于60。
2. 日记的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
March 29th, Sunday Fine
Today some classmates and I served at Capital Library as volunteers.
Keys:
一. 完型
1-5 ACBCA 6-10 DDCBD 11-15 BADCC 16-20 ABBDA
二. 书面表达
第一节
Hi Chris,
Good news! There will be a lecture in our school this Friday afternoon. Professor Zhang from University of Agriculture will tell us about the history and spread of Chinese tea. This will be followed by a tea party and you can taste different kinds of tea while chatting with teachers and students of our school. I wonder if you want to participate in it. Don’t worry about the language. I’ll be with you and explain what you don’t understand.
If you do not have any prior appointment then, I am looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Joe
第二节
March 29th, Sunday Fine
Today some classmates and I served at Capital Library as volunteers. At 9 o’clock this morning, we gathered together at the gate of the library. After getting into the library, we were first trained by a librarian on how to operate the computers to borrow or return books so that we could help readers later. Then, wearing the volunteer uniform and volunteer identity card, we got down to our work. Some of ua helped with shelving books and some offered assistance to the people who had problems with using the computers. All of us took our tasks seriously and tried to do them all.
Time passed quickly. Before we knew it, it was time to say goodbye to the staff. On the way back, we shared our feeling happily. When doing volunteer work, we did our part in helping others. Meanwhile, it promoted our social awareness. We all believe volunteering is rewarding and look forward to more of it.
