Unit 2 King Lear-词汇篇
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1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；
2. 掌握句型的运用；
一. 单词扫描
1. modernize v. 使现代化
They will continue to modernize the army.
他们将继续使军队现代化。
They have failed to modernize existing factories.
他们没有使现有的工厂现代化。
【归纳拓展】
adj.＋ize→vt./vi.
real＋ize→realize实现
industrial＋ize→industrialize使工业化
national＋ize→nationalize使民族化
social＋ize→socialize使社会化
collective＋ize→collectivize使集体化
2. oppose vt. 反对；使对立；使对抗；抗争
Many people opposed the idea of building a new highway because of the great cost.
由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。
We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.
我们坚决反对国与国之间实行强权政治。
The bank is opposite to the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
【归纳拓展】
oppose sth/doing sth/sb doing sth
反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
oppose sth to/against sth
做某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
oppose oneself/sth to... 反对……
opposed adj. 反对的，对立的
be opposed to 反对
as opposed to 相比之下
opposite adj. 相反的，对面的 n．对立的事物
on the opposite side of 在……对面
be the opposite of ……的反义词/对立面
be opposite to 在……对面，和……相反
3. burden
(1) n. 负担，重载；责任
Hope is like the sun，which，as we journey towards it，casts the shadow of our burden behind us.
希望像太阳，我们向它走去时，它在我们身后投下我们负担的影子。
(2) vt. 使负重，装载；烦扰
I don't want to burden you with my problem.
我不想让我的问题给你添麻烦。
【归纳拓展】
the burden on sb 加在某人身上的担子
burden sb/oneself with sth 使……担负……
be burdened with 担负着……
4. responsibility n. [C]责任；职责；负责
A father has many responsibilities.
父亲要尽许多责任。
He is a man lacking in responsibility.
他是个责任心不强的人。
The responsibilities of the prime minister are heavy.
首相的职责繁重。
【归纳拓展】
It's one's responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的职责。
bear/accept/shoulder/take the responsibility for 为……负责
have a．..responsibility to do sth 有责任做某事
escape/avoid responsibility for 逃避……责任
responsible adj. 有责任的；应负责任的(常与to，for连用)
be responsible to sb for sth 对……负责
responsible 作前置定语和作后置定语意义不同。
a responsible person 可信赖的人；可靠的人
the person responsible 负责人；主管人
Overall responsibility for the school lies with the head teacher.
校长全面负责学校的事务。
5. allocate v.
(1) 分配，配给，分派；为特定目的而拨出；指定
allocate a room to be used for storage指定一间房用来贮藏
(2) 分拨，分配；根据计划分拨
A large sum has been allocated for rebuilding Yushu.
(国家)已划拨了一大笔款子重建玉树。
【归纳拓展】
allocate sth sb/sth 把……分配给……
allocate sth for... 划拨……用于……
【比较】allocate/assign/distribute
在表示分配给某人工作或任务这一层意义时，allocate与assign用法相同，但assign还有“约定(时间)”的意思，allocate有“配给(钱、物)”之意。distribute侧重于指“分发；分散”，相当于give out 或hand out。
6. adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
I simply adore that dress!
我简直太喜欢那件连衣裙了！
Cheng Long is one of the film stars that youngsters adore.
成龙是年轻人崇拜的影星之一。
【归纳拓展】
adore doing sth/sth 喜欢做……；喜爱……
adoration n. 热爱；羡慕；崇敬
adoring adj. 喜爱的；爱慕的；崇拜的(仅用于名词前)
adorable adj. 迷人的；可爱的
【比较】 like/love/enjoy/fancy/adore/prefer
这些动词都有“喜欢、喜爱”之意。
(1) like最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。
(2) love不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。
(3) enjoy指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。
(4) fancy指喜爱投合自己心意、嗜好或欲望等的人或物。
(5) adore非正式用词，口语体。指非常喜爱，带强烈的感彩。
(6) prefer指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。
7. sacrifice vt. 牺牲；舍弃；献祭 vi. 献祭；奉献 n. 牺牲；供奉；祭品
I could sacrifice a great deal for a cause.
我能够为一项事业作出巨大牺牲。
The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in battle.
古希腊人参战前都要献祭羔羊或牛犊。
We know how to work，to fight，and to sacrifice.
我们懂得如何去工作，去战斗，去作出牺牲。
He will sell his house at a sacrifice because he needs money.
因为他缺钱，他将亏本出售他的房子。
【归纳拓展】
sacrifice...to do sth 为了做某事而牺牲……
make all sacrifice 不惜牺牲一切
at a sacrifice 亏本地
at/by the sacrifice of 以……为代价
the final/ultimate/supreme sacrifice 巨大的牺牲，捐躯
8. confirm vt.
(1) 证实；确定
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信证实了一切。
(2) 坚定；加强
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
(3) 批准，确认
The queen confirmed the treaty.女王批准了此项条约。
【归纳拓展】
confirm sb in belief/opinion/theory... 使某人对信念/意见/理论……更明确
confirm sth... 证实……；批准……
confirm sb as... 批准某人正式担任某职
confirm＋that /wh.从句， 确定……
confirmed adj. 成习惯的；根深蒂固的
confirmation n．确定；批准；证实
9. vacant adj. 空着的，(职位)空缺的；茫然的，无神的
My bag is vacant.我的包是空的。
A friend of mine told me you have a vacant apartment.
我的一个朋友告诉我您这里有一套闲置公寓。
Have all the vacant positions been filled yet?
所有空缺的职位是否已满了？
【归纳拓展】
vacancy n．空缺，空职
Do you have any vacancy right now?
你这儿现在有空缺的位置吗？
【比较】vacant/empty
(1) vacant指暂时没有人居住或占据而空闲着，用于抽象物体，指无知识或无人任职而空缺。
(2) empty一般用词，指事物内空洞无物，用于抽象物体，指毫无内容和价值。
I settled down in a vacant chair.
我在一把空椅子上坐下来。
The room was empty of furniture.
房间里什么家具都没有。
10. respond
(1) vi.
① 作答，回答
Has she responded to your letter？
她有没有回过你的信？
② 作出反应；响应
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。
③ (对治疗等)有良好反应；(对操纵等)作出灵敏反应[(＋to)]
The patient is responding well to treatment.
病人对治疗反应良好。
④ 承担责任
respond in damages 承担赔偿责任
【归纳拓展】
respond to 回答/复；对……作出反应
respond in 承担……责任
respond that clause. 回答/答复说
response n．回答，回应
in response to 对……作出反应
respondent n．(问卷调查的)答卷人；调查对象
【比较】answer/reply/respond
这些动词均有“回答”之意。
(1) answer常用词，指用书面、口头或行动对他人的请求、询问、质问等作出回答或反应。
(2) reply较正式用词，较少用于口语。侧重经过考虑的较正式答复。
(3) respond正式用词，指即刻的，以口头或行动对外来的号召、请求或刺激等作出回答或响应。
11. due adj.
(1) 应支付的；欠款的；欠的(＋to)
That money is due to me，but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
(2) 应有的；正当的；合适的
He handled it with due care.
他以应有的小心处理这事。
(3) 到期的
The bank loan is due this month.银行贷款本月到期。
(4) (车船)预定应到的；预期的；约定的(＋to do)
We are due to leave tomorrow.
我们定于明天动身。
Phil's train is due at 7：00 p．m..
菲尔的火车下午七点钟到。
(5) due to因为，由于
Our happy childhood is due to our father's hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
12. insult
(1) n.
① 侮辱，羞辱[C]
She could not forgive so terrible an insult to her pride.
她不能原谅对她的尊严如此严重的侮辱。
② 辱骂
She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him.
她受辱之后就不再理睬他了。
(2) vt. 侮辱，羞辱
I'm sorry for what I said；I never meant to insult you.
我为我所说的话道歉；我不是有意要侮辱你。
【归纳拓展】
insult sb's intelligence 侮辱某人的智商
throw/hurl insults at sb 辱骂某人
be an insult to... 对……是种侮辱
13. demand
(1) n. 要求，请求[C]；需要，需求[U]
They rejected the union's demand.
他们拒绝了工会的要求。
Good secretaries are always in demand.
好的秘书总是很多人都需要的。
The supply of vegetables falls short of demand this year.
今年蔬菜供不应求。
(2) vt. 要求，请求
The boss demanded that Mary (should) finish it within a week.
老板要求玛丽在一周内完成它。
They demanded the right to vote.
他们要求选举权。
She demanded to see the headmaster.
她请求见校长。
【归纳拓展】
demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand sth from sb 要求某人某事
demand sth of sb 向某人要……
demand 后面跟that从句时，从句要用should＋v.原形，should可以省略
demand an apology(from sb) 要求(某人)道歉
make demands on 要求
meet the demands 迎合需求
in demand＝ on demand 一经要求；需求大
a demand for... 需要……
demanding adj. 对他人要求高的；苛求的
二. 短语释义
1. hand over
(1) 交出
I've handed over my place on the committee.
我已让出了在委员会的职位。
(2) 送交
The thief was handed over to the police.
小偷被送交给警方。
【归纳拓展】
hand out 分发，发放
hand sth back to sb 归还某物
hand down 把……传下去
hand sth in to sb 上交，提交，呈交
hand on 转交，转递
This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.
这一习俗从18世纪开始一直传到现在。
He handed out the presents to everyone with a smile.
他微笑着给每一个人分发礼物。
Your test papers must be handed in in two hours.
你的答卷必须在两个小时内交上。
2. come between 干预，阻碍；(发生)在……之间
I'm not going to let a small matter like that come between me and work.
我才不会让这样的小事妨碍我的工作。
What came between Mike and Jane to make them divorce.
是什么离间了迈克与简，使他们离婚。
【归纳拓展】
come about 产生，发生
come across 偶然遇见，碰上
come up 开始，发生；被提出，被讨论；走过来
come over 顺便来访
come by 得到，获得
come on 加油，出场
come up to 达到
come out (照片上)显露；出版；结果是
come to 恢复知觉；共计；达到(某种状态)
How did it come about that he knew where we were?
他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？
I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰见了一位老校友。
A good job like that is hard to come by.
像这样的好工作很难找。
3. on behalf of代表……的一方；作为……的代言人
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
【归纳拓展】
on behalf of 为了……的利益
instead of＝in place of 代表；代替
Please accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.
请接受我代表酒店向您道歉。
I will attend the meeting instead of/in place of my boss.
我将代表老板去参加这个会议。
The president can't be here today，so I am going to speak on his behalf/in his place.
今天头儿不能来，因此我代表他在这里发言。
4. beyond question 不用怀疑的；毋庸置疑的
He is，beyond question，the best man for the job.
毫无疑问他是这项工作的最佳人选。
【归纳拓展】
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑，确实地
beyond words 无以言表
beyond control 无法控制
beyond number 数不胜数
beyond comparison 无以伦比
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
beyond count 不计其数
beyond description 难以用语言描述
beyond example 没有先例
beyond expression 无法表达
beyond hope 无望
be out of the question＝impossible 完全不可能的
be out of question＝without question 毫无疑问的
5. make a(one's)name(＝win/get a name) 成名，出名
I think we can make a name for ourselves.
我认为我们可以成名。
Fan Bingbing has made a name for herself as an actress.
范冰冰在演艺圈中享有盛名。
【归纳拓展】
go by the name of... 自称为……；假称是……
call someone names 谩骂(某人)；诋毁
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
in the name of 在……名下；以……的名义；凭……的权威；借……为名
under the name of... 以……假名
6. have had enough of... 对……感到腻烦而无法再容忍
I have had enough of your complaints.
你的抱怨我已经听够了。
I'm leaving；I've had enough of all the nonsense!
我要走了，我已经受够了这些废话！
【归纳拓展】
enough for... 对……来说足够了
enough to do 足够做
enough for sb to do sth 够某人干……的了
7. get rid of 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
Let's get rid of this moldy old furniture.
咱们把这件老掉牙的旧家具扔掉吧。
I wish I could get rid of this cold；it's been hanging about for two or three days now.
我希望能摆脱这场感冒；两三天来我一直像是要感冒的样子。
【归纳拓展】
rid sb/sth of... 使某人/某物摆脱(讨厌的或不想要的人或物)
get(sth)across (使某事)传播/为人理解
get away with sth 偷携某物潜逃；受到较轻惩罚
get over sth 克服；战胜
get round/around sb 说服某人同意或做其原先反对的事；笼络某人
三. 句式突破
1. Try harder，Cordelia，or you may lose your share of the kingdom.
好好想一想，科迪莉亚，否则你可能会失去你应得的那份王国土地。
这是“祈使句＋or/and＋陈述句”的句型，陈述句表示结果，祈使句表示条件。该句型中的祈使句也可以省略成名词短语。
Turn left at the second crossing and you will see the cinema.
在第二个十字路口左转，你就能看到电影院了。
One more word，and I'll dismiss you.
你再多言我就解雇你。
Use your head，and you'll have a way to solve the problem.
动动脑筋，你就会想出解决问题的方法。
2. We’ll see if either wants to be a bridegroom when she has no riches to bring to the marriage.
我们倒要看看，她没有嫁妆，谁愿意当她的新郎。
when表示“如果，既然”之意，相当于if，since，now that。
I can't tell you when you won't listen.
既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。
How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies?
既然你自己在说谎，你怎么能期待你的孩子们诚实呢？
Why use wood when you can use plastic?
既然能用塑料，何必非用木料？
3. You and your husband Albany shall have this part of my kingdom with all its rivers and forests and mountains.
你和你的丈夫奥尔巴尼将得到我王国里这一部分及其河流、森林和山脉。
该句中谓语部分的shall是情态动词，既表示“将来”又表示“承诺、应允”；作为情态动词shall用在陈述句中还可以表示“警告、命令、决心、强制”等，适用于各人称。
Then you shall come.
(命令) 那么你(必须)要来。
Just a little patience .You shall get the answer this very afternoon.
(承诺、应允) 稍微耐心一点，你在今天下午可以拿到答案。
You naughty boy！You shall get what you deserve.
(警告) 你这调皮的孩子，等着我收拾你吧。
4. It’s as though the whole world has gone to sleep.
好像整个世界都睡着了。
as though等于as if，此处引导表语从句，意为“好像，似乎”。
(1) 引导表语从句
It seemed as though the night would never end.
夜晚好像永无止尽。
(2) 引导状语从句
The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg.
这个动物走路的样子好像伤了腿似的。
【温馨提示】
as though/if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况。
She treats the orphan as if he were her own son.
她对待这个孤儿就好像对待自己的亲儿子一样。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
5. Is it any wonder that I frown when your soldiers are continually drinking and fighting?
我皱眉头有什么好奇怪的？你的卫兵老是酗酒斗殴。
本句为复合句。it为形式主语。“that I frown when...and fighting”为一个主语从句，同时该主语从句中又含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
(1) It's a wonder(that)．..难得；奇怪……
It's a wonder you recognized me after all these years.
这么多年之后难得你还认得我。
(2) (It's)no wonder...怪不得；难怪
It's no wonder you can't sleep when you eat so much.
你吃这么多难怪睡不着。
【归纳拓展】
It is no use doing sth 做某事没有用处
It is a coincidence that... ……是巧合
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问
There is no denying that... 毫无疑问
There is no need for sb to do sth 没有必要
There is no use/good (in) doing sth 没有用处/好处
There is no point (in) doing sth 没有意义
There is no sense (in) doing sth 没有意义
There is a chance that... 有可能
There is a possibility that... 有可能
6. I won't stay where I'm not welcome.
我不想呆在我不受欢迎的地方。
where I'm not welcome为地点状语从句。
where引导的从句：
(1) 作状语
I'll go where I'm most needed by our motherland.
我要去祖国最需要我的地方。
(2) 作定语
This is the place where I was born.
这就是我出生的地方。
(3) 作主语
Where he will hold the party hasn't been decided yet.
他将在何处举行晚会还没有定下来。
(4) 作宾语
The police found out where the thieves were.
警察弄清楚了盗贼所在的地方。
(5) 作表语
My question is where you have been.
我的问题是你去过哪里。
1. So far there is no_________room in all the hotels in Guangzhou.All have been reserved.
A. empty B. vacant C. spare D. enough
2. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key__________the problem is to meet the demands__________by the customers. A. to solving；making B. to solving；made C. to solve；making D. to solve；made
3. Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him__________he had done something very clever.
A. as if B. in case C. while D. though
4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it__________yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. had happened
5. —Brad was Jane's brother!
—__________he reminded me so much of Jane.
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course
6. The President__________giving military aid to this country.
A. is opposed B. objects C. opposes D. against
7. I'll be late home tonight because something has just__________at work.
A. come up B. come between C. come over D. come across
8. World champion Zhang Yining took the Athletes Oath(宣誓) __________all athletes taking part in the Beijing Olympic Games at the Opening Ceremony.
A. in honor of B. on behalf of C. as a result of D. in case of
9. Bring the flowers into a warm room__________they'll soon open.
A. or B. and C. but D. for
基础演练
Ⅰ.单词识记
A组
1. ________/'emp?r?/n.皇帝；君主
2. _____/'???tn/vt.缩短；使变短→______adj.→____n．短缺
3. ________/'m?d?naIz/vt.使现代化→________n．现代化
4. ________/θr??n/n.王座；王位
5. ________/'b??dn/n.担子；负担
6. ________/'fl?t?/vt.奉承；恭维→________n.
7. ________/'frIk?n/n.摩擦；矛盾；冲突
8. frontier /'fr?ntj?/n.________
9. deceitful/dI'si?tf?l/adj.________
10. corrupt/k?'r?pt/adj.________→________n．贪污；腐败
B组
1. ___________ /'st??rId?/n.贮藏；存储；储藏室→ ___________ v.
2. __________ /'s?krIfaIs/n.牺牲；献身；祭品
3. __________ /sni?z/n.&vi.喷嚏；打喷嚏
4. ___________ /k?n'f??m/vt.确定→____________ n.
5. ___________ /ri?'waInd/vt.重绕；倒回→ ___________ (过去式)→___________ (过去分词)
6. ___________ /'sIgn?t??/n.签名；署名；信号→ ___________ v.
7. ___________ /'t??mInl/n.终点站；航空集散站
8. vacant/'veIk?nt/adj. ___________ → ___________ n．空缺
9. insult/'Ins?lt/n.&vt. ___________
10. scold/sk?uld/vt. ___________
Ⅱ.短语天地-英汉互译 1. go to church
2. seize on
3. fight against
4. on the basis of
5. 习惯于做某事
6. 触犯法律
7. 偶然地；巧合地是
8. 准时
9. make a name
10. disguise sb/oneself as...
11. have had enough of
12. scratch out
13. as if/though
14. keep sb on as
15. lie flat on one's back
16. pack sth up
Ⅲ.句型搜索
1. Dr King encourages us _______________(反抗) this unfair system which_______________ (禁止) us blacks_______________ (坐在我们喜欢的地方)．
2. _______________ (受到鼓舞) a Supreme Court decision that public education must be mixed nationwide，the leaders went to court to _______________ (反对公交车上的种族隔离制度)．
3. We'll see if either wants to be a bridegroom ________(既然)she has no riches to bring to the marriage.
4. I ________ ________(宁愿)lose my life ________(而不愿)see you make such a mistake.
5. It's_______________ (好像)the whole world has gone to sleep.
6. _______________ (有什么奇怪的呢)I frown when your soldiers are continually drinking and fighting?
7. And_______________(除非)you want me to_______________ (赶走) _______________ (剩下的)them too，I suggest you _______________ (教)them how to _______________ (守规矩)．
Ⅳ.语篇填词
King Lear
King Lear was growing old and tired. He decided to retire and hand 1.________ the burden of government to his three daughters. He divided the kingdom 2.________ three parts，and allocated one part 3.________ each of them. He asked his daughters which of them loved him 4.________.Goneril expressed her devotion 5.________ her father. She said she loved him more than life 6.________.When he asked Regan about it，she said that her greatest 7.________ was in loving her father. Now it was turn for Cordelia 8.________ express her love. She said nothing. She thought it was right and proper 9.________ a daughter to love her father. So King Lear decided to distribute his kingdom 10.________ Goneril and Regan. He decided to give nothing to Cordelia.
巩固提高
Ⅰ. 介、副词填空
1. Have you packed your things ________？
2. His accent gave him ________ as a southerner.
3. The robber forced the man to hand ________ the suitcase.
4. We must care ________the young generation.
5. I'm serious about this，hear me________ please.
6. A lawyer issued a statement ________ behalf ________the victim's family.
7. Brady's guilt had been proved ________ question.
8．He spoke ________ in favor of reforms.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. A：The soldiers would die rather than surrender.
B：The soldiers ________ ________ die ________ surrender.
2. A：She strongly objected to their plan.
B：She ________ strongly ________ ________ their plan.
3. A：Sebastian became captain instead of Miles who had broken his leg.
B：Sebastian became captain ________ ________ ________ Miles who had broken his leg.
4. A：There is no doubt that parents are the first teachers of children.
B：Parents are ________ ________ the first teachers of children.
5. A：I have to make some copies to hand out.
B：I have to make some copies to ________.
Ⅲ. 短语填空
due to；have had enough of；as if/though；think of；prove to be；make a name；meet one's demands；care for
1. His illness was ________ bad food.
2. The instrument has ______________ most useful.
3. Have you ______________ this TV programmer yet?
4. He opened his mouth ______________ to say something.
5. Just____________ what she's suffered!
6. She ____________ her father all through his long illness.
7. The boss tried his best to ______________ of the workers.
8. Xiao Shenyang ______________ for himself in the 2009 Spring Festival Gala staged by CCTV.
Ⅳ. 根据括号中所给的提示把下列句子翻译成英语
1. 这个警察为了救复旦大学的学生牺牲了自己的生命。(sacrifice)
_____________________________________________________
2. 请写信进一步核实电话中所说的内容。(confirm)
_____________________________________________________
3. 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(respond to)
_____________________________________________________
4. 我怀疑他是个说谎的家伙。(suspect...to be)
______________________________________________________
5. 你吃这么多难怪睡不着。(It's no wonder that)
______________________________________________________
Ⅴ. 翻译与仿写
1. I have decided to retire and hand over the heavy load of responsibility to you three.
翻译：_________________________________________________________
仿写：她用卑鄙的手段使他们把所有的钱移交给她。
______________________________________________________________
2. For whichever of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own.
翻译：___________________________________________________________
仿写：我告诉他，他可以随便挑选他喜欢的座位。
________________________________________________________________
3. If they do indeed love you that much, then I don't understand why they ever got
married.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：如果你有工作，一定要全身心地投入，那么最终你会成功的。
_____________________________________________________________
4. Do not come between me and my anger.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：希望我们永远亲密无间。
_______________________________________________________________
5. I speak on behalf of Cordelia.
翻译：_______________________________________________________
仿写：我代表我妈妈写这封信，她要感谢你送的美好礼物。
_________________________________________________________________
1. Does the common man ________ the ideas of political union between European countries?
A. object B. oppose C. be for D. be against
2. —Would you ________ a game of table tennis，Cathy?
—I'd love to，but I still have piles of homework to do.
A. care for B. care about C. care to D. take care of
3. A cup of water，________you will feel better.
A. or B. but C. so D. and
4. She adores________ to the cinema.
A. to go B. go C. going D. to going
5. Bill Gates was so nice that he decided to________ ninety percent of his money to the charities.
A. give up B. give away C. give out D. give off
6. It is certain that he will ________ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
7. A mother will________ her life for children.
A. dedicate B. promote C. sacrifice D. devote
8. A committee just set up decides how the money collected ________ in Sichuan.
A. to distribute B. distributing C. distributed D. is distributed
9. ________ you may be right，I can't altogether agree.
A. While B. As C. If D. Since
10. Don't trouble to do it ________.Thank you all the same.
A. on the behalf B. on my behalf C. in the behalf D. for my behalf
11. In my opinion，all Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.
A. does does does B. does did do C. does does do D. did do does
12. He demanded that such things __________from happening again.
A. prevented B. prevent C. be prevented D. were prevented
13. It is difficult to ________ for yourself on the concert stage，where the competition is so strong.
A. under the name of B. name C. make names D. make a name
14. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity________ sight matters more than hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
15. —Do you know Lily has gone to London?
—Oh.________ I haven't seen her these days.
A. No doubt B. No wonder C. Naturally D. Of course
16. Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ money.
A. suspected of having stolen B. suspected to steal
C. suspected having stolen D. suspecting to have stolen
17. The football player reacted________ the judge's decision by withdrawing from the match.
A. on B. to C. against D. by
18. We should not ________ environmental protection to promote economic growth.
A. sacrifice B. take C. spend D. waste
19. When the post finally became ________，they offered it to Fiona.
A. spare B. empty C. vacant D. enough
20. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to ________ a scientific theory.
A. confirm B. conclude C. consult D. confuse
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单选（2015西城一模）
1. If you need someone with professional computer knowledge, _____ to Joe.
A. talks B. talking C. talk D. talked
2. Unless you are brave enough to speak up, you’ll lose _____ chances to make yourself understood.
A. more B. less C. much D. fewer
3. In China, New Year’s Day isn’t a big moment _____ with the Spring Festival.
A. comparing B. compared C. to compare D. being compared
4. ---How was your trip to Switzerland? ---Perfect! How I wish you _____ with us!
A. have been B. are C. were D. had been
5. Susan’s voice still remained calm _____ she was getting annoyed.
A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. now that
6. My granny does crossword puzzles each day _____ her mind sharp.
A. to keep B. kept C. having kept D. to be kept
7. So heavy _____ that I felt great relief after taking it off.
A. is the load B. the load was C. was the load D. the load is
8. For better sound effects, he was asked to speak _____ the microphone during the whole process.
A. in B. for C. into D. from
9. — Could you give me some advice on getting a job?
— First, find out _____ you like doing best.
A. what B. which C. how D. why
10. I _____ for six months. I’m really out of shape.
A. hadn’t exercised B. didn’t exercise C. don’t exercise D. haven’t exercised
11. ---Daddy, how much do you earn an hour?---If you _____ know, $20 an hour.
A. may B. must C. can D. should
12. –Something smells really good in here!---You ____ my Easter cookies. Have one!
A. smell B. are smelling C. were smelling D. smelt
13. A new learning center has been built in the school, _____ students to get to know the world more easily.
A. allow B. allowed C. to allow D. allowing
14. Jack will hold a meeting _____ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.
A. which B. when C. where D. whose
15. ----The tickets to Texas are not available now. ----Oh. Flights ___ fast at festivals.
A. sold B. sell C. will sell D. have sold
二. 阅读理解
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Things Your Pilot Won’t Tell You
You may not be getting the airline you paid for.
You may go to an airline website and buy a ticket, and get onto an airplane that has a similar name painted on it, but half the time, you’re really on a regional (地方的) airline. The regionals aren’t held to the same safety standard as the majors: their pilots aren’t required to have as much training and experience, and the public doesn’t know that.
– Captain at a major airline
If you’re a nervous flier, book a morning flight.
The heating of the ground later causes bumpier (颠簸的) air, and it’s much more likely to thunderstorm in the afternoon.
– Jerry Johnson, pilot, Los Angeles
The smoothest place to sit is often over or near the wing.
The bumpiest place to sit is in the back. If you’re in the middle, you don’t move as much.
–Patrick Smith, pilot and author of Cockpit Confidential
Sit in the front if you want fresher air.
The general flow of air in any airplane is from front to back. So if you’re really concerned about breathing the freshest possible air or not getting too hot, sit as close to the front as you can. Plans are generally warmest in the back.
–Tech pilot at a regional airline, Texas
You never know where the safest seat is.
There is no safest place to sit. In one accident, the people in the back are dead; in the next, it’s the people up front.
–John Nance, aviation safety analyst and retired airline captain, Seattle
I’ve been struck by lightning twice.
Most pilots have. Airplanes are built to take it. You hear a big boom and see a big flash and that’s it. You’re not going to fall out of the sky.
–Charlotte, pilot for a regional carrier, North Carolina
People don’t understand why they can’t use their cell phones.
Well, what can happen is 12 people will decide to call someone just before landing, and I can get a false reading on my instruments saying that we are higher than we really are.
–Jim Tilmon, retired American Airlines pilot, Phoenix
16. Jerry Johnson advises nervous fliers to ________.
A. sit in the back B. fly in the morning
C. fly with major airlines D. avoid flying in bad weather
17. The best seats for those who need fresh air are ________.
A. in the front B. in the middle C. in the back D. near the wing
18. Passengers’ use of cellphones before landing is likely to ________.
A. increase the risk of being struck by lightning
B. make it difficult for pilots to control the plane
C. cause the instruments of the plane to break down
D. affect pilots’ judgment about the height of the plane
B
All you have is what you bring with you
I’ve always felt a need to be prepared for whatever situation I’ve found myself in.
My mother once took me to a store when I was seven years old. She and I got to the checkout counter, and she realized she had forgotten a couple of things on her shopping list. She left me with the cart and ran off to get what she needed.
“I’ll be right back.” she said.
She was gone just a few minutes, but in that time, I had loaded all the things on the belt and everything was rung up. I was left staring at the cashier, who was staring at me. “Do you have money for me, son?” she said. “I’ll need to be paid.”
I didn’t realize she was just trying to amuse herself. So I stood there, ashamed and embarrassed.
By the time my mom returned, I was angry. “ You left me here with no money! This lady asked me for the money, and I had nothing to give her!”
Now that I’m an adult, you’ll never catch me with less than $200 in my wallet. I want to be prepared in case I need it.
I’ve always admired people who are over-prepared. In college, I had a classmate named Norman. One day he was giving a presentation on an overhead projector and in the middle of his talk, the light bulb(灯泡) on the projector blew out. We would have to wait ten minutes until someone found a new projector.
“It’s Okay.” he announced. “There’s nothing to worry about.”
We watched him walk over to his bag and pull something out. He had brought along a spare bulb for the overhead projector. Who could even think of that?
I often told my students, “When you go into the wilderness, the only thing you can depend on is what you take with you.” And essentially, the wilderness is anywhere but your home or office. So take money. Pack a light bulb. Be prepared.
Why did the cashier ask a seven-year-old boy to pay for the purchases?
The boy was shopping by himself.
The boy’s mother asked her to do so.
The cashier was playing a joke on him.
The boy’s mother was away for something else.
Why was the boy angry with his mother?
His mother left him alone.
He lost face in front of the cashier.
His mother forgot to buy something.
He had just quarreled with the cashier.
Why did Norman bring a spare bulb with him?
He was always well-prepared.
His presentation was about bulbs.
He knew the classroom equipment was of poor quality.
He predicted the bulb on the projector would blow out.
What do the two stories tell us?
Accidents happen almost every day.
Money is the key that opens all doors.
In fair weather, prepare for a rainy day.
D. Chances favor those who are well-prepared.
C
The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first ever “intelligent bicycle”, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad country.
Developed for the government by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle runs on electricity. A commercial-available bicycle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and should sell for between 1,700 to 3,200 euros per bicycle.
The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard
computer with a vibrating(震动的) warming system fitted in
the bicycle’s saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.
The saddle vibrates when cyclists approach from behind, while the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead.
“Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fight when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO ’s research scientists involved in the project.
“ The onboard system technology has already been at working in the car history.” he said.
“ More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for a short distances, but also for long distances.” Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP.” This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy cycling,” she said.
In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more and more people take to two-wheeled transport, leading to an increased risk of injury.
Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67%, were older than 65, according to the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the majority of victims also being elderly.
The current model weights 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the onboard systems smaller.
23. The “intelligent bicycle” is aimed to __.
A. Protect the environment
B. help reduce traffic pressure
C. popularize the use of bicycles
D. improve safety for elderly cyclists
24. Which part of the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when other cyclists approach it from behind?
A. The saddle. B. The wheels. C. The handlebars. D. The onboard computer.
25. We can learn from the passage that ___.
A. The elderly ride bicycles wherever they go
B. The elderly are planning to give up cycling
C. The number of elderly cyclists is decreasing
D. The accident rate among elderly cyclists is high
26. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. A Test Bicycle.
B. Elderly Cyclists.
C. A Smart Bicycle.
D. A Bicycle-mad Country.
D
A generation of parents raised according to the permissive principles of postwar childcare experts is rediscovering the importance of saying “No” to their children. They are beginning to reclaim the house as their own. Even spanking(打屁股) is back.
While today’s parents do not want to return to the Victorian era(时代) —when children were seen, spanked, but not heard－there is a growing acknowledgement that the laissez-faire approach produced a generation of children running rings around puzzled parents struggling to restore order.
Janthea Brigden, a trainer with Parent Network, says: “The problem is that parents don’t want all that controlling things. What they want is to be able to discipline(管教) their children through teaching and encouraging.”
According to Steve Biddulph, the author of More Secrets of Happy Children, the permissive era was often just an excuse to ignore children. He believes discipline involves film but friendly teaching and does not need to involve punishment. He teaches a method called “stand and think”, where a child is helped to figure out what is wrong and how to get it right. Mr.Biddulph understands parents using spanking, but he is against it. “The happiest children are those who know Mum and Dad are in charge. As children grow into their teens, more negotiation can take place, such as: Prove you can be home safely by 11pm, and we might let you stay out till midnight.”
“There is no good evidence that an occasional, properly administered spanking is harmful in any way.” says John Rosemond, an American who has won a huge following by calling for punishment could make them have negative feelings about the room and cause sleep problems.
Mr. Rosemond tracks the overturning of traditional family values to the end of the Second Word War. He blames the change of the American family values into a child-centered, self-respect-oriented(以…为导向) unit on psychologists and social workers, who for 30 years have weakened traditional approaches. Previous generation of American parents raised children not by the book, but by self-evident truth, he says. Children should be seen and not heard. If you make your bed, you’ll have to lie in it. He says that those phrases contain time-honored understanding and principles that helped children to develop what we refer to as the “three Rs” of parenting: respect, responsibility and resourcefulness.
27. Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “laissez-faire” in the second paragraph?
A. Let it be. B. Go for it . C. Get it right D. Take it easy.
28. If his child did something wrong, Steve Biddulph would________.
A. give him a good beating
B. lock him up in a dark room
C. ask him to stand in a corner for hours
D. help him find out the problem and solution
29.By mentioning the underlined part in the last paragraph, Mr. Rosemond_________.
A. blames parents for ignoring children’s rights
B. reminds parents to communicate more with children
C. encourages parents to involve children more in family affairs
D. explain how previous generation of parents raised children
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The causes of discipline problems.
B. The best way to discipline children.
C. Different options on ways of parenting.
D. Different between parents of different times.
第二节
For people with thousands of pages to read, speed reading seems like a manna(甘露) from heaven. In addition, speed reading helps lighten the load of information you have to absorb since it provides a filter that you can use in screening all bits of information before you approach them.
__31__Examining how much information you need will help you identify how you should read a certain document to maximize your learning and comprehension. Thorough reading may no longer be necessary in some cases, such as when you only need an outline of a certain document.
Another skill that can ease the burden of a reader is the ability to read words in blocks. Make sure you do not spend too long on a certain block.__32__This will also make reading less tiresome and boring.
To master this important skill, you have to practice reading more and more words in a certain block at one time. A suggestion shared by some experts regarding this step is to increase the distance between you and the document you are reading. If you can read more and more words in one block, you can cut down on the time it usually takes you to read a certain text and you will be able to read more in a shorter period.
Readers should also practice reducing the number of times they go back to previous sections or blocks. Using a pointer such as the tip of a pencil or pen can also help to make the flow of your reading smoother and faster.__33__ Thus, your speed in reading will largely depend on the speed of the movement of your pointer.
If you still find yourself confused about the topic even after you have finished reading the document, do not re-read right away. Re-reading immediately will just lead to slower speed in reading.__34__ Getting your own reading corner will also help.
__35__Continue practicing and practicing the techniques aforementioned and soon, you’ll achieve the reading speed that will work best for you.
In this technique, your eyes will follow the tip of the pointer.
This saves time and reduces the effort that you have to make.
Taking a short break first is recommended before reading the material again.
As a final note, the most important point is consistent and deliberate practice.
Your invaluable time can be saved if you can have your reading speed doubled.
The first step to increase your reading speed is to identify the specific information you need.
Reducing the time you spend on a specific number of words in a block will make no difference.
三. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1.【完成句子】
① They decided to______________(舍弃房产)for needs of cash.
② Without pain，__________ (没有牺牲)，we would have nothing.
③ He__________ (舍弃了他的汽车)when he went abroad to work.
2.【完成句子】
① Please write to__________ your reservation.
请来信确认你的预订项目。
② When asked，he __________ she was going to retire.(证实说)
③ There hasn't been official__________ the report on the event.(批准)
3.【完成句子】
① The 30th Olympic Games__________ in London in 2012.
第30届奥运会2012年要在伦敦举办。
② Have they been paid the money__________ them?
他们是否已得到了应得的钱？
③His absence was__________ the storm.
他因暴风雨而缺席。
4.【完成句子】
① This exam is__________ students' intelligence.
这种考试是对学生智力的一种侮辱。
② She has no right__________ us like that.
她无权那样侮辱我们。
5.【完成句子】
① 当其他人都退后时，你应该勇敢地站出来为自己赢得名誉。
You should __________for yourself by standing up when others step back.
② 他骂你们是不对的。
It's wrong for him to .
③ 我以上帝的名义保证我会来救你。
__________God，I will come to save you.
④ 他遇到了一个叫杰克的人。
He met a man，Jack __________.
⑤ 那个人以假名Jack登记入住了那家酒店。
The man checked in the hotel__________ Jack.
6.【完成句子】
① 我厌倦了你的闲言碎语。请保持安静。
I __________ your gossiping. Please keep quiet.
② 现在，由于金融危机，一些人挣不到足以糊口的钱。
Now some people don't__________ because of the financial crisis.
7.【完成句子】
① Try to __________your visitors before I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
② The problem is how to__________ nuclear waste.
问题是如何处理核废料。
③ When will the dream come true that we will__________ the world __________famine?
使世界不再有饥荒的梦想什么时候能变成现实？
8.【完成句子】
① China is the birthplace of kites__________ (从这儿)flying kites spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.
② She walked up to __________ (他站的地方)．
9.【完成句子】
① The __________his back seemed to be crushing him to the earth.
他背上的重负似乎要把他压倒在地。
② Don’t __________ unnecessary problems.勿为不必要的问题所累。
10.【完成句子】
① I am __________ (负部分责任)for the confusion.
② Would someone__________ (愿意带Paul回家)?
③ It's your__________ (职责)to provide us with evidence.
11.【完成句子】
① The defeated terrorists__________ their weapons __________ the local police.
被击败的恐怖分子把武器交给了当地警察。
② Mary's boyfriend__________ the car keys__________ her.
玛丽的男朋友把车钥匙交给了玛丽。
12.【完成句子】
① That he is the best man for the job is __________ .
毫无疑问，他是干这项工作的最佳人选。
② Taking a holiday at this time is __________.
这时候休假是绝不可能的。
13.【同义句转换】
① Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
→__________you work hard，you__________ admitted to a key university.
② If you don't hurry up，you will miss your flight.
→__________，__________you will miss your flight.
14.【完成句子】
① Why does she always drive to work__________ she could easily take the bus?
她很容易能赶上公交车的话，为什么要经常开车上班？
② How can they learn anything__________ they spend all their spare time watching television?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，还能学什么东西呢？
15.【完成句子】
① Nothing__________ us__________ going there immediately.
(决心)什么也阻挡不了我们立即去那里。
② Tom__________ this time.
(强制) 这次汤姆不能去。
四. 选词填空
1. 选用answer，reply，respond的适当形式填空
① They did not__________ to our new proposal.
他们对我们的新建议没有作出答复。
② He said good night to her but she gave no__________.
他向她道晚安，而她却毫无反应。
③ I invited her to dinner but she did not__________.
我请她吃晚饭，但她未作回答。
2. 用allocate，assign，distribute的适当形式填空
① The company__________ funds __________repair work every month.
公司每个月都拨出经费作维修用。
② The teacher has __________ each of us a holiday task.
老师给我们每个人都分配了假日的工作。
③ Shall we__________ Thursdays__________ our weekly meetings?
我们把每周例会定在星期四好吗？
④ The demonstrators__________ leaflets__________ passers-by.
示威者向行人分发了传单。
3. 用like，love，enjoy，fancy，adore，prefer的适当形式填空
① She__________ him but doesn't__________ him.
她喜欢他，但不爱他。
② He started to chat to me and I could tell that he really__________ himself.
他和我聊起天来，我看得出他确实自以为了不起。
③ She__________ the cinema.
她极喜欢看电影。
Unit 2 King Lear-词汇篇
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；
2. 掌握句型的运用；
一. 单词扫描
1. modernize v. 使现代化
They will continue to modernize the army.
他们将继续使军队现代化。
They have failed to modernize existing factories.
他们没有使现有的工厂现代化。
【归纳拓展】
adj.＋ize→vt./vi.
real＋ize→realize实现
industrial＋ize→industrialize使工业化
national＋ize→nationalize使民族化
social＋ize→socialize使社会化
collective＋ize→collectivize使集体化
2. oppose vt. 反对；使对立；使对抗；抗争
Many people opposed the idea of building a new highway because of the great cost.
由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。
We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.
我们坚决反对国与国之间实行强权政治。
The bank is opposite to the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
【归纳拓展】
oppose sth/doing sth/sb doing sth
反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
oppose sth to/against sth
做某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
oppose oneself/sth to... 反对……
opposed adj. 反对的，对立的
be opposed to 反对
as opposed to 相比之下
opposite adj. 相反的，对面的 n．对立的事物
on the opposite side of 在……对面
be the opposite of ……的反义词/对立面
be opposite to 在……对面，和……相反
3. burden
(1) n. 负担，重载；责任
Hope is like the sun，which，as we journey towards it，casts the shadow of our burden behind us.
希望像太阳，我们向它走去时，它在我们身后投下我们负担的影子。
(2) vt. 使负重，装载；烦扰
I don't want to burden you with my problem.
我不想让我的问题给你添麻烦。
【归纳拓展】
the burden on sb 加在某人身上的担子
burden sb/oneself with sth 使……担负……
be burdened with 担负着……
4. responsibility n. [C]责任；职责；负责
A father has many responsibilities.
父亲要尽许多责任。
He is a man lacking in responsibility.
他是个责任心不强的人。
The responsibilities of the prime minister are heavy.
首相的职责繁重。
【归纳拓展】
It's one's responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的职责。
bear/accept/shoulder/take the responsibility for 为……负责
have a．..responsibility to do sth 有责任做某事
escape/avoid responsibility for 逃避……责任
responsible adj. 有责任的；应负责任的(常与to，for连用)
be responsible to sb for sth 对……负责
responsible 作前置定语和作后置定语意义不同。
a responsible person 可信赖的人；可靠的人
the person responsible 负责人；主管人
Overall responsibility for the school lies with the head teacher.
校长全面负责学校的事务。
5. allocate v.
(1) 分配，配给，分派；为特定目的而拨出；指定
allocate a room to be used for storage指定一间房用来贮藏
(2) 分拨，分配；根据计划分拨
A large sum has been allocated for rebuilding Yushu.
(国家)已划拨了一大笔款子重建玉树。
【归纳拓展】
allocate sth sb/sth 把……分配给……
allocate sth for... 划拨……用于……
【比较】allocate/assign/distribute
在表示分配给某人工作或任务这一层意义时，allocate与assign用法相同，但assign还有“约定(时间)”的意思，allocate有“配给(钱、物)”之意。distribute侧重于指“分发；分散”，相当于give out 或hand out。
6. adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
I simply adore that dress!
我简直太喜欢那件连衣裙了！
Cheng Long is one of the film stars that youngsters adore.
成龙是年轻人崇拜的影星之一。
【归纳拓展】
adore doing sth/sth 喜欢做……；喜爱……
adoration n. 热爱；羡慕；崇敬
adoring adj. 喜爱的；爱慕的；崇拜的(仅用于名词前)
adorable adj. 迷人的；可爱的
【比较】 like/love/enjoy/fancy/adore/prefer
这些动词都有“喜欢、喜爱”之意。
(1) like最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。
(2) love不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。
(3) enjoy指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。
(4) fancy指喜爱投合自己心意、嗜好或欲望等的人或物。
(5) adore非正式用词，口语体。指非常喜爱，带强烈的感彩。
(6) prefer指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。
7. sacrifice vt. 牺牲；舍弃；献祭 vi. 献祭；奉献 n. 牺牲；供奉；祭品
I could sacrifice a great deal for a cause.
我能够为一项事业作出巨大牺牲。
The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in battle.
古希腊人参战前都要献祭羔羊或牛犊。
We know how to work，to fight，and to sacrifice.
我们懂得如何去工作，去战斗，去作出牺牲。
He will sell his house at a sacrifice because he needs money.
因为他缺钱，他将亏本出售他的房子。
【归纳拓展】
sacrifice...to do sth 为了做某事而牺牲……
make all sacrifice 不惜牺牲一切
at a sacrifice 亏本地
at/by the sacrifice of 以……为代价
the final/ultimate/supreme sacrifice 巨大的牺牲，捐躯
8. confirm vt.
(1) 证实；确定
His letter confirmed everything.
他的信证实了一切。
(2) 坚定；加强
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief.
最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
(3) 批准，确认
The queen confirmed the treaty.女王批准了此项条约。
【归纳拓展】
confirm sb in belief/opinion/theory... 使某人对信念/意见/理论……更明确
confirm sth... 证实……；批准……
confirm sb as... 批准某人正式担任某职
confirm＋that /wh.从句， 确定……
confirmed adj. 成习惯的；根深蒂固的
confirmation n．确定；批准；证实
9. vacant adj. 空着的，(职位)空缺的；茫然的，无神的
My bag is vacant.我的包是空的。
A friend of mine told me you have a vacant apartment.
我的一个朋友告诉我您这里有一套闲置公寓。
Have all the vacant positions been filled yet?
所有空缺的职位是否已满了？
【归纳拓展】
vacancy n．空缺，空职
Do you have any vacancy right now?
你这儿现在有空缺的位置吗？
【比较】vacant/empty
(1) vacant指暂时没有人居住或占据而空闲着，用于抽象物体，指无知识或无人任职而空缺。
(2) empty一般用词，指事物内空洞无物，用于抽象物体，指毫无内容和价值。
I settled down in a vacant chair.
我在一把空椅子上坐下来。
The room was empty of furniture.
房间里什么家具都没有。
10. respond
(1) vi.
① 作答，回答
Has she responded to your letter？
她有没有回过你的信？
② 作出反应；响应
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。
③ (对治疗等)有良好反应；(对操纵等)作出灵敏反应[(＋to)]
The patient is responding well to treatment.
病人对治疗反应良好。
④ 承担责任
respond in damages 承担赔偿责任
【归纳拓展】
respond to 回答/复；对……作出反应
respond in 承担……责任
respond that clause. 回答/答复说
response n．回答，回应
in response to 对……作出反应
respondent n．(问卷调查的)答卷人；调查对象
【比较】answer/reply/respond
这些动词均有“回答”之意。
(1) answer常用词，指用书面、口头或行动对他人的请求、询问、质问等作出回答或反应。
(2) reply较正式用词，较少用于口语。侧重经过考虑的较正式答复。
(3) respond正式用词，指即刻的，以口头或行动对外来的号召、请求或刺激等作出回答或响应。
11. due adj.
(1) 应支付的；欠款的；欠的(＋to)
That money is due to me，but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。
(2) 应有的；正当的；合适的
He handled it with due care.
他以应有的小心处理这事。
(3) 到期的
The bank loan is due this month.银行贷款本月到期。
(4) (车船)预定应到的；预期的；约定的(＋to do)
We are due to leave tomorrow.
我们定于明天动身。
Phil's train is due at 7：00 p．m..
菲尔的火车下午七点钟到。
(5) due to因为，由于
Our happy childhood is due to our father's hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
12. insult
(1) n.
① 侮辱，羞辱[C]
She could not forgive so terrible an insult to her pride.
她不能原谅对她的尊严如此严重的侮辱。
② 辱骂
She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him.
她受辱之后就不再理睬他了。
(2) vt. 侮辱，羞辱
I'm sorry for what I said；I never meant to insult you.
我为我所说的话道歉；我不是有意要侮辱你。
【归纳拓展】
insult sb's intelligence 侮辱某人的智商
throw/hurl insults at sb 辱骂某人
be an insult to... 对……是种侮辱
13. demand
(1) n. 要求，请求[C]；需要，需求[U]
They rejected the union's demand.
他们拒绝了工会的要求。
Good secretaries are always in demand.
好的秘书总是很多人都需要的。
The supply of vegetables falls short of demand this year.
今年蔬菜供不应求。
(2) vt. 要求，请求
The boss demanded that Mary (should) finish it within a week.
老板要求玛丽在一周内完成它。
They demanded the right to vote.
他们要求选举权。
She demanded to see the headmaster.
她请求见校长。
【归纳拓展】
demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand sth from sb 要求某人某事
demand sth of sb 向某人要……
demand 后面跟that从句时，从句要用should＋v.原形，should可以省略
demand an apology(from sb) 要求(某人)道歉
make demands on 要求
meet the demands 迎合需求
in demand＝ on demand 一经要求；需求大
a demand for... 需要……
demanding adj. 对他人要求高的；苛求的
二. 短语释义
1. hand over
(1) 交出
I've handed over my place on the committee.
我已让出了在委员会的职位。
(2) 送交
The thief was handed over to the police.
小偷被送交给警方。
【归纳拓展】
hand out 分发，发放
hand sth back to sb 归还某物
hand down 把……传下去
hand sth in to sb 上交，提交，呈交
hand on 转交，转递
This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.
这一习俗从18世纪开始一直传到现在。
He handed out the presents to everyone with a smile.
他微笑着给每一个人分发礼物。
Your test papers must be handed in in two hours.
你的答卷必须在两个小时内交上。
2. come between 干预，阻碍；(发生)在……之间
I'm not going to let a small matter like that come between me and work.
我才不会让这样的小事妨碍我的工作。
What came between Mike and Jane to make them divorce.
是什么离间了迈克与简，使他们离婚。
【归纳拓展】
come about 产生，发生
come across 偶然遇见，碰上
come up 开始，发生；被提出，被讨论；走过来
come over 顺便来访
come by 得到，获得
come on 加油，出场
come up to 达到
come out (照片上)显露；出版；结果是
come to 恢复知觉；共计；达到(某种状态)
How did it come about that he knew where we were?
他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？
I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上我在牛津大街碰见了一位老校友。
A good job like that is hard to come by.
像这样的好工作很难找。
3. on behalf of代表……的一方；作为……的代言人
I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
【归纳拓展】
on behalf of 为了……的利益
instead of＝in place of 代表；代替
Please accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.
请接受我代表酒店向您道歉。
I will attend the meeting instead of/in place of my boss.
我将代表老板去参加这个会议。
The president can't be here today，so I am going to speak on his behalf/in his place.
今天头儿不能来，因此我代表他在这里发言。
4. beyond question 不用怀疑的；毋庸置疑的
He is，beyond question，the best man for the job.
毫无疑问他是这项工作的最佳人选。
【归纳拓展】
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑，确实地
beyond words 无以言表
beyond control 无法控制
beyond number 数不胜数
beyond comparison 无以伦比
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
beyond count 不计其数
beyond description 难以用语言描述
beyond example 没有先例
beyond expression 无法表达
beyond hope 无望
be out of the question＝impossible 完全不可能的
be out of question＝without question 毫无疑问的
5. make a(one's)name(＝win/get a name) 成名，出名
I think we can make a name for ourselves.
我认为我们可以成名。
Fan Bingbing has made a name for herself as an actress.
范冰冰在演艺圈中享有盛名。
【归纳拓展】
go by the name of... 自称为……；假称是……
call someone names 谩骂(某人)；诋毁
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
in the name of 在……名下；以……的名义；凭……的权威；借……为名
under the name of... 以……假名
6. have had enough of... 对……感到腻烦而无法再容忍
I have had enough of your complaints.
你的抱怨我已经听够了。
I'm leaving；I've had enough of all the nonsense!
我要走了，我已经受够了这些废话！
【归纳拓展】
enough for... 对……来说足够了
enough to do 足够做
enough for sb to do sth 够某人干……的了
7. get rid of 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉
Let's get rid of this moldy old furniture.
咱们把这件老掉牙的旧家具扔掉吧。
I wish I could get rid of this cold；it's been hanging about for two or three days now.
我希望能摆脱这场感冒；两三天来我一直像是要感冒的样子。
【归纳拓展】
rid sb/sth of... 使某人/某物摆脱(讨厌的或不想要的人或物)
get(sth)across (使某事)传播/为人理解
get away with sth 偷携某物潜逃；受到较轻惩罚
get over sth 克服；战胜
get round/around sb 说服某人同意或做其原先反对的事；笼络某人
三. 句式突破
1. Try harder，Cordelia，or you may lose your share of the kingdom.
好好想一想，科迪莉亚，否则你可能会失去你应得的那份王国土地。
这是“祈使句＋or/and＋陈述句”的句型，陈述句表示结果，祈使句表示条件。该句型中的祈使句也可以省略成名词短语。
Turn left at the second crossing and you will see the cinema.
在第二个十字路口左转，你就能看到电影院了。
One more word，and I'll dismiss you.
你再多言我就解雇你。
Use your head，and you'll have a way to solve the problem.
动动脑筋，你就会想出解决问题的方法。
2. We’ll see if either wants to be a bridegroom when she has no riches to bring to the marriage.
我们倒要看看，她没有嫁妆，谁愿意当她的新郎。
when表示“如果，既然”之意，相当于if，since，now that。
I can't tell you when you won't listen.
既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。
How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies?
既然你自己在说谎，你怎么能期待你的孩子们诚实呢？
Why use wood when you can use plastic?
既然能用塑料，何必非用木料？
3. You and your husband Albany shall have this part of my kingdom with all its rivers and forests and mountains.
你和你的丈夫奥尔巴尼将得到我王国里这一部分及其河流、森林和山脉。
该句中谓语部分的shall是情态动词，既表示“将来”又表示“承诺、应允”；作为情态动词shall用在陈述句中还可以表示“警告、命令、决心、强制”等，适用于各人称。
Then you shall come.
(命令) 那么你(必须)要来。
Just a little patience .You shall get the answer this very afternoon.
(承诺、应允) 稍微耐心一点，你在今天下午可以拿到答案。
You naughty boy！You shall get what you deserve.
(警告) 你这调皮的孩子，等着我收拾你吧。
4. It’s as though the whole world has gone to sleep.
好像整个世界都睡着了。
as though等于as if，此处引导表语从句，意为“好像，似乎”。
(1) 引导表语从句
It seemed as though the night would never end.
夜晚好像永无止尽。
(2) 引导状语从句
The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg.
这个动物走路的样子好像伤了腿似的。
【温馨提示】
as though/if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况。
She treats the orphan as if he were her own son.
她对待这个孤儿就好像对待自己的亲儿子一样。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
5. Is it any wonder that I frown when your soldiers are continually drinking and fighting?
我皱眉头有什么好奇怪的？你的卫兵老是酗酒斗殴。
本句为复合句。it为形式主语。“that I frown when...and fighting”为一个主语从句，同时该主语从句中又含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
(1) It's a wonder(that)．..难得；奇怪……
It's a wonder you recognized me after all these years.
这么多年之后难得你还认得我。
(2) (It's)no wonder...怪不得；难怪
It's no wonder you can't sleep when you eat so much.
你吃这么多难怪睡不着。
【归纳拓展】
It is no use doing sth 做某事没有用处
It is a coincidence that... ……是巧合
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问
There is no denying that... 毫无疑问
There is no need for sb to do sth 没有必要
There is no use/good (in) doing sth 没有用处/好处
There is no point (in) doing sth 没有意义
There is no sense (in) doing sth 没有意义
There is a chance that... 有可能
There is a possibility that... 有可能
6. I won't stay where I'm not welcome.
我不想呆在我不受欢迎的地方。
where I'm not welcome为地点状语从句。
where引导的从句：
(1) 作状语
I'll go where I'm most needed by our motherland.
我要去祖国最需要我的地方。
(2) 作定语
This is the place where I was born.
这就是我出生的地方。
(3) 作主语
Where he will hold the party hasn't been decided yet.
他将在何处举行晚会还没有定下来。
(4) 作宾语
The police found out where the thieves were.
警察弄清楚了盗贼所在的地方。
(5) 作表语
My question is where you have been.
我的问题是你去过哪里。
1. So far there is no_________room in all the hotels in Guangzhou.All have been reserved.
A. empty B. vacant C. spare D. enough
解析：考查词义辨析。empty空的，里面没有东西的；vacant空置的，空闲的；spare多余的，备用的；enough足够的。根据句意知选B。
答案： B
2. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key__________the problem is to meet the demands__________by the customers. A. to solving；making B. to solving；made C. to solve；making D. to solve；made
解析：the key to doing sth为习惯搭配，做某事的关键，to为介词。meet the demands 迎合需求；第二空应填过去分词作后置定语，修饰the demands。
答案： B
3. Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him__________he had done something very clever.
A. as if B. in case C. while D. though
解析：句意：杰克没说什么，但是老师向他微笑，好像他之前做的是明智之举似的。考查状语从句的用法。in case以防；while然而；though尽管。选A项。
答案： A
4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it__________yesterday.
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. had happened
解析：as if引导的从句表示与事实不符的情况，故此处用虚拟语气。时间yesterday表过去，所以用过去完成时。
答案： D
5. —Brad was Jane's brother!
—__________he reminded me so much of Jane.
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course
解析：答语句意：难怪他经常向我提起简。
答案： C
6. The President__________giving military aid to this country.
A. is opposed B. objects C. opposes D. against
解析 句意：总统反对对该国实行军事援助。oppose(doing)sth＝be opposed to(doing)sth反对。如选B项应在object后加to，如选D项应在against前加is。
答案 C
7. I'll be late home tonight because something has just__________at work.
A. come up B. come between C. come over D. come across
解析 come up发生；被提出；走过来；come between干预，阻碍；come over顺便来访；come across偶然遇见，碰上。
答案 A
8. World champion Zhang Yining took the Athletes Oath(宣誓) __________all athletes taking part in the Beijing Olympic Games at the Opening Ceremony.
A. in honor of B. on behalf of C. as a result of D. in case of
解析 句意：在北京奥运会开幕式上世界冠军张怡宁代表所有的运动员宣誓。
答案 B
9. Bring the flowers into a warm room__________they'll soon open.
A. or B. and C. but D. for
解析 句意：把那些花搬进一间暖房，它们很快就会开花。考查“祈使句＋and ＋陈述句”这个特殊句型。该句型中的祈使句相当于if引导条件状语从句。本句还可改为：If you bring the flowers into a warm room, they'll soon open。
答案 B
基础演练
Ⅰ.单词识记
A组
1. ________/'emp?r?/n.皇帝；君主
2. _____/'???tn/vt.缩短；使变短→______adj.→____n．短缺
3. ________/'m?d?naIz/vt.使现代化→________n．现代化
4. ________/θr??n/n.王座；王位
5. ________/'b??dn/n.担子；负担
6. ________/'fl?t?/vt.奉承；恭维→________n.
7. ________/'frIk?n/n.摩擦；矛盾；冲突
8. frontier /'fr?ntj?/n.________
9. deceitful/dI'si?tf?l/adj.________
10. corrupt/k?'r?pt/adj.________→________n．贪污；腐败
B组
1. ___________ /'st??rId?/n.贮藏；存储；储藏室→ ___________ v.
2. __________ /'s?krIfaIs/n.牺牲；献身；祭品
3. __________ /sni?z/n.&vi.喷嚏；打喷嚏
4. ___________ /k?n'f??m/vt.确定→____________ n.
5. ___________ /ri?'waInd/vt.重绕；倒回→ ___________ (过去式)→___________ (过去分词)
6. ___________ /'sIgn?t??/n.签名；署名；信号→ ___________ v.
7. ___________ /'t??mInl/n.终点站；航空集散站
8. vacant/'veIk?nt/adj. ___________ → ___________ n．空缺
9. insult/'Ins?lt/n.&vt. ___________
10. scold/sk?uld/vt. ___________
Ⅱ.短语天地-英汉互译 1. go to church
2. seize on
3. fight against
4. on the basis of
5. 习惯于做某事
6. 触犯法律
7. 偶然地；巧合地是
8. 准时
9. make a name
10. disguise sb/oneself as...
11. have had enough of
12. scratch out
13. as if/though
14. keep sb on as
15. lie flat on one's back
16. pack sth up
Ⅲ.句型搜索
1. Dr King encourages us _______________(反抗) this unfair system which_______________ (禁止) us blacks_______________ (坐在我们喜欢的地方)．
2. _______________ (受到鼓舞) a Supreme Court decision that public education must be mixed nationwide，the leaders went to court to _______________ (反对公交车上的种族隔离制度)．
3. We'll see if either wants to be a bridegroom ________(既然)she has no riches to bring to the marriage.
4. I ________ ________(宁愿)lose my life ________(而不愿)see you make such a mistake.
5. It's_______________ (好像)the whole world has gone to sleep.
6. _______________ (有什么奇怪的呢)I frown when your soldiers are continually drinking and fighting?
7. And_______________(除非)you want me to_______________ (赶走) _______________ (剩下的)them too，I suggest you _______________ (教)them how to _______________ (守规矩)．
Ⅳ.语篇填词
King Lear
King Lear was growing old and tired. He decided to retire and hand 1.________ the burden of government to his three daughters. He divided the kingdom 2.________ three parts，and allocated one part 3.________ each of them. He asked his daughters which of them loved him 4.________.Goneril expressed her devotion 5.________ her father. She said she loved him more than life 6.________.When he asked Regan about it，she said that her greatest 7.________ was in loving her father. Now it was turn for Cordelia 8.________ express her love. She said nothing. She thought it was right and proper 9.________ a daughter to love her father. So King Lear decided to distribute his kingdom 10.________ Goneril and Regan. He decided to give nothing to Cordelia.
Keys:
I. A组
1. emperor 2. shorten；short；shortage 3. modernize；modernization 4. throne 5. burden
6. flatter； flattery 7. friction 8. 国界；边境；边疆 9. 欺诈的；不诚实的
10. 腐败的；贪污的；堕落的；corruption
B组
1. storage；store 2. sacrifice 3. sneeze 4. confirm；confirmation 5. rewind；rewound；rewound
6. signature；sign 7. terminal 8. 空的，空缺的；vacancy 9. 侮辱；凌辱 10. 责骂；斥责
II. 1. 去做礼拜 2. 抓住；利用 3. 同……作斗争4．以……为根据 5. be accustomed to doing sth
6. break the law 7. by coincidence 8. be punctual for 9. 出名 10. 把某人假扮成……
11. 厌烦，受够了12. 把……抠出来 13. 似乎；好像 14. 把某人留下作……15. 四脚朝天地躺着
16. 把……打包，整理
III. 1. to show love and respect for 2. Try harder；or 3. when 4. would rather；than 5. as though
6. Is it any wonder that 7. unless；get rid of；the rest of；teach；behave properly
Ⅳ.1. over 2. into 3. to 4. most 5. to 6. itself 7. happiness
8. to 9. for 10. between
巩固提高
Ⅰ. 介、副词填空
1. Have you packed your things ________？
2. His accent gave him ________ as a southerner.
3. The robber forced the man to hand ________ the suitcase.
4. We must care ________the young generation.
5. I'm serious about this，hear me________ please.
6. A lawyer issued a statement ________ behalf ________the victim's family.
7. Brady's guilt had been proved ________ question.
8．He spoke ________ in favor of reforms.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1. A：The soldiers would die rather than surrender.
B：The soldiers ________ ________ die ________ surrender.
2. A：She strongly objected to their plan.
B：She ________ strongly ________ ________ their plan.
3. A：Sebastian became captain instead of Miles who had broken his leg.
B：Sebastian became captain ________ ________ ________ Miles who had broken his leg.
4. A：There is no doubt that parents are the first teachers of children.
B：Parents are ________ ________ the first teachers of children.
5. A：I have to make some copies to hand out.
B：I have to make some copies to ________.
Ⅲ. 短语填空
due to；have had enough of；as if/though；think of；prove to be；make a name；meet one's demands；care for
1. His illness was ________ bad food.
2. The instrument has ______________ most useful.
3. Have you ______________ this TV programmer yet?
4. He opened his mouth ______________ to say something.
5. Just____________ what she's suffered!
6. She ____________ her father all through his long illness.
7. The boss tried his best to ______________ of the workers.
8. Xiao Shenyang ______________ for himself in the 2009 Spring Festival Gala staged by CCTV.
Ⅳ. 根据括号中所给的提示把下列句子翻译成英语
1. 这个警察为了救复旦大学的学生牺牲了自己的生命。(sacrifice)
_____________________________________________________
2. 请写信进一步核实电话中所说的内容。(confirm)
_____________________________________________________
3. 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(respond to)
_____________________________________________________
4. 我怀疑他是个说谎的家伙。(suspect...to be)
______________________________________________________
5. 你吃这么多难怪睡不着。(It's no wonder that)
______________________________________________________
Ⅴ. 翻译与仿写
1. I have decided to retire and hand over the heavy load of responsibility to you three.
翻译：_________________________________________________________
仿写：她用卑鄙的手段使他们把所有的钱移交给她。
______________________________________________________________
2. For whichever of you has for me the most devotion I will give to her the best part of everything I own.
翻译：___________________________________________________________
仿写：我告诉他，他可以随便挑选他喜欢的座位。
________________________________________________________________
3. If they do indeed love you that much, then I don't understand why they ever got
married.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：如果你有工作，一定要全身心地投入，那么最终你会成功的。
_____________________________________________________________
4. Do not come between me and my anger.
翻译：__________________________________________________________
仿写：希望我们永远亲密无间。
_______________________________________________________________
5. I speak on behalf of Cordelia.
翻译：_______________________________________________________
仿写：我代表我妈妈写这封信，她要感谢你送的美好礼物。
_________________________________________________________________
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1. up 2. away 3. over 4. for 5. out 6. on；of 7. beyond 8. out
Ⅱ. 1. would rather；than 2. was；opposed to 3. in place of 4. beyond question 5. distribute
Ⅲ. 1. due to 2. proved(to be) 3. had enough of 4. as if/though 5. think of 6. cared for
7. meet the demands 8.made a name
Ⅳ. 1. The policeman sacrificed his life to save the students from Fudan University.
2. Please confirm your telephone message by letter.
3. His illness didn't respond to treatment by drugs.
4. I suspected him to be a liar.
5. It's no wonder (that) you can't sleep when you eat so much.
Ⅴ. 1. 我已决定退休，把沉重的责任负担交给你们三个。
She got them to hand over all their money by a wicked deceit.
2. 你们之中谁最爱我，我就把我拥有的最好的东西赠送给谁。
I told him he could choose whichever seat he liked.
3. 如果她们真的那么爱你，我不理解她们为什么要结婚。
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
4. 不许阻止我发怒。
I hope nothing ever comes between us.
5. 让我替科迪莉亚说几句话。
I am writing this letter on behalf of my mother, who wants to thank you for your nice gift.
1. Does the common man ________ the ideas of political union between European countries?
A. object B. oppose C. be for D. be against
2. —Would you ________ a game of table tennis，Cathy?
—I'd love to，but I still have piles of homework to do.
A. care for B. care about C. care to D. take care of
3. A cup of water，________you will feel better.
A. or B. but C. so D. and
4. She adores________ to the cinema.
A. to go B. go C. going D. to going
5. Bill Gates was so nice that he decided to________ ninety percent of his money to the charities.
A. give up B. give away C. give out D. give off
6. It is certain that he will ________ his business to his son when he gets old.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. go over
7. A mother will________ her life for children.
A. dedicate B. promote C. sacrifice D. devote
8. A committee just set up decides how the money collected ________ in Sichuan.
A. to distribute B. distributing C. distributed D. is distributed
9. ________ you may be right，I can't altogether agree.
A. While B. As C. If D. Since
10. Don't trouble to do it ________.Thank you all the same.
A. on the behalf B. on my behalf C. in the behalf D. for my behalf
11. In my opinion，all Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study.
A. does does does B. does did do C. does does do D. did do does
12. He demanded that such things __________from happening again.
A. prevented B. prevent C. be prevented D. were prevented
13. It is difficult to ________ for yourself on the concert stage，where the competition is so strong.
A. under the name of B. name C. make names D. make a name
14. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity________ sight matters more than hearing.
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
15. —Do you know Lily has gone to London?
—Oh.________ I haven't seen her these days.
A. No doubt B. No wonder C. Naturally D. Of course
16. Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ money.
A. suspected of having stolen B. suspected to steal
C. suspected having stolen D. suspecting to have stolen
17. The football player reacted________ the judge's decision by withdrawing from the match.
A. on B. to C. against D. by
18. We should not ________ environmental protection to promote economic growth.
A. sacrifice B. take C. spend D. waste
19. When the post finally became ________，they offered it to Fiona.
A. spare B. empty C. vacant D. enough
20. Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to ________ a scientific theory.
A. confirm B. conclude C. consult D. confuse
Keys:
1-5 BADCB 6-10 CCDAB 11-15 CCDDB 16-20 ACACA
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
一. 单选（2015西城一模）
1. If you need someone with professional computer knowledge, _____ to Joe.
A. talks B. talking C. talk D. talked
2. Unless you are brave enough to speak up, you’ll lose _____ chances to make yourself understood.
A. more B. less C. much D. fewer
3. In China, New Year’s Day isn’t a big moment _____ with the Spring Festival.
A. comparing B. compared C. to compare D. being compared
4. ---How was your trip to Switzerland? ---Perfect! How I wish you _____ with us!
A. have been B. are C. were D. had been
5. Susan’s voice still remained calm _____ she was getting annoyed.
A. even if B. as long as C. as if D. now that
6. My granny does crossword puzzles each day _____ her mind sharp.
A. to keep B. kept C. having kept D. to be kept
7. So heavy _____ that I felt great relief after taking it off.
A. is the load B. the load was C. was the load D. the load is
8. For better sound effects, he was asked to speak _____ the microphone during the whole process.
A. in B. for C. into D. from
9. — Could you give me some advice on getting a job?
— First, find out _____ you like doing best.
A. what B. which C. how D. why
10. I _____ for six months. I’m really out of shape.
A. hadn’t exercised B. didn’t exercise C. don’t exercise D. haven’t exercised
11. ---Daddy, how much do you earn an hour?---If you _____ know, $20 an hour.
A. may B. must C. can D. should
12. –Something smells really good in here!---You ____ my Easter cookies. Have one!
A. smell B. are smelling C. were smelling D. smelt
13. A new learning center has been built in the school, _____ students to get to know the world more easily.
A. allow B. allowed C. to allow D. allowing
14. Jack will hold a meeting _____ people can voice their opinions on today’s global economy.
A. which B. when C. where D. whose
15. ----The tickets to Texas are not available now. ----Oh. Flights ___ fast at festivals.
A. sold B. sell C. will sell D. have sold
二. 阅读理解
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Things Your Pilot Won’t Tell You
You may not be getting the airline you paid for.
You may go to an airline website and buy a ticket, and get onto an airplane that has a similar name painted on it, but half the time, you’re really on a regional (地方的) airline. The regionals aren’t held to the same safety standard as the majors: their pilots aren’t required to have as much training and experience, and the public doesn’t know that.
– Captain at a major airline
If you’re a nervous flier, book a morning flight.
The heating of the ground later causes bumpier (颠簸的) air, and it’s much more likely to thunderstorm in the afternoon.
– Jerry Johnson, pilot, Los Angeles
The smoothest place to sit is often over or near the wing.
The bumpiest place to sit is in the back. If you’re in the middle, you don’t move as much.
–Patrick Smith, pilot and author of Cockpit Confidential
Sit in the front if you want fresher air.
The general flow of air in any airplane is from front to back. So if you’re really concerned about breathing the freshest possible air or not getting too hot, sit as close to the front as you can. Plans are generally warmest in the back.
–Tech pilot at a regional airline, Texas
You never know where the safest seat is.
There is no safest place to sit. In one accident, the people in the back are dead; in the next, it’s the people up front.
–John Nance, aviation safety analyst and retired airline captain, Seattle
I’ve been struck by lightning twice.
Most pilots have. Airplanes are built to take it. You hear a big boom and see a big flash and that’s it. You’re not going to fall out of the sky.
–Charlotte, pilot for a regional carrier, North Carolina
People don’t understand why they can’t use their cell phones.
Well, what can happen is 12 people will decide to call someone just before landing, and I can get a false reading on my instruments saying that we are higher than we really are.
–Jim Tilmon, retired American Airlines pilot, Phoenix
16. Jerry Johnson advises nervous fliers to ________.
A. sit in the back B. fly in the morning
C. fly with major airlines D. avoid flying in bad weather
17. The best seats for those who need fresh air are ________.
A. in the front B. in the middle C. in the back D. near the wing
18. Passengers’ use of cellphones before landing is likely to ________.
A. increase the risk of being struck by lightning
B. make it difficult for pilots to control the plane
C. cause the instruments of the plane to break down
D. affect pilots’ judgment about the height of the plane
B
All you have is what you bring with you
I’ve always felt a need to be prepared for whatever situation I’ve found myself in.
My mother once took me to a store when I was seven years old. She and I got to the checkout counter, and she realized she had forgotten a couple of things on her shopping list. She left me with the cart and ran off to get what she needed.
“I’ll be right back.” she said.
She was gone just a few minutes, but in that time, I had loaded all the things on the belt and everything was rung up. I was left staring at the cashier, who was staring at me. “Do you have money for me, son?” she said. “I’ll need to be paid.”
I didn’t realize she was just trying to amuse herself. So I stood there, ashamed and embarrassed.
By the time my mom returned, I was angry. “ You left me here with no money! This lady asked me for the money, and I had nothing to give her!”
Now that I’m an adult, you’ll never catch me with less than $200 in my wallet. I want to be prepared in case I need it.
I’ve always admired people who are over-prepared. In college, I had a classmate named Norman. One day he was giving a presentation on an overhead projector and in the middle of his talk, the light bulb(灯泡) on the projector blew out. We would have to wait ten minutes until someone found a new projector.
“It’s Okay.” he announced. “There’s nothing to worry about.”
We watched him walk over to his bag and pull something out. He had brought along a spare bulb for the overhead projector. Who could even think of that?
I often told my students, “When you go into the wilderness, the only thing you can depend on is what you take with you.” And essentially, the wilderness is anywhere but your home or office. So take money. Pack a light bulb. Be prepared.
Why did the cashier ask a seven-year-old boy to pay for the purchases?
The boy was shopping by himself.
The boy’s mother asked her to do so.
The cashier was playing a joke on him.
The boy’s mother was away for something else.
Why was the boy angry with his mother?
His mother left him alone.
He lost face in front of the cashier.
His mother forgot to buy something.
He had just quarreled with the cashier.
Why did Norman bring a spare bulb with him?
He was always well-prepared.
His presentation was about bulbs.
He knew the classroom equipment was of poor quality.
He predicted the bulb on the projector would blow out.
What do the two stories tell us?
Accidents happen almost every day.
Money is the key that opens all doors.
In fair weather, prepare for a rainy day.
D. Chances favor those who are well-prepared.
C
The Netherlands on Monday introduced its first ever “intelligent bicycle”, fitted with electronic devices to help bring down the high accident rate among elderly cyclists in the bicycle-mad country.
Developed for the government by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), the intelligent bicycle runs on electricity. A commercial-available bicycle is expected to be on the market in the next two years and should sell for between 1,700 to 3,200 euros per bicycle.
The devices on the bike are linked through an onboard
computer with a vibrating(震动的) warming system fitted in
the bicycle’s saddle and handlebars to warn cyclists of the coming danger.
The saddle vibrates when cyclists approach from behind, while the handlebars do the same when barriers appear ahead.
“Accidents often happen when cyclists look behind them or get a fight when they are passed at high speed,” said Maurice Kwakkernaat, one of TNO ’s research scientists involved in the project.
“ The onboard system technology has already been at working in the car history.” he said.
“ More and more elderly people are using a bicycle, not only for a short distances, but also for long distances.” Dutch Environment and Infrastructure Minister Melanie Schultz van Haegen told AFP.” This type of bicycle is truly needed in the Netherlands because it will help us bring down the number of elderly people who are injured every year and allow them to continue to enjoy cycling,” she said.
In the Netherlands, bicycles outnumber the population of 17 million by at least one million and there are some 25,000 km of bicycle path in the country. Those statistics are set to grow as more and more people take to two-wheeled transport, leading to an increased risk of injury.
Last year, 184 cyclists died in the country, of which 124, or 67%, were older than 65, according to the Central Statistics Office. The year before, 200 cyclists died, the majority of victims also being elderly.
The current model weights 25 kilograms but researchers are working on making the onboard systems smaller.
23. The “intelligent bicycle” is aimed to __.
A. Protect the environment
B. help reduce traffic pressure
C. popularize the use of bicycles
D. improve safety for elderly cyclists
24. Which part of the intelligent bicycle will vibrate when other cyclists approach it from behind?
A. The saddle. B. The wheels. C. The handlebars. D. The onboard computer.
25. We can learn from the passage that ___.
A. The elderly ride bicycles wherever they go
B. The elderly are planning to give up cycling
C. The number of elderly cyclists is decreasing
D. The accident rate among elderly cyclists is high
26. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. A Test Bicycle.
B. Elderly Cyclists.
C. A Smart Bicycle.
D. A Bicycle-mad Country.
D
A generation of parents raised according to the permissive principles of postwar childcare experts is rediscovering the importance of saying “No” to their children. They are beginning to reclaim the house as their own. Even spanking(打屁股) is back.
While today’s parents do not want to return to the Victorian era(时代) —when children were seen, spanked, but not heard－there is a growing acknowledgement that the laissez-faire approach produced a generation of children running rings around puzzled parents struggling to restore order.
Janthea Brigden, a trainer with Parent Network, says: “The problem is that parents don’t want all that controlling things. What they want is to be able to discipline(管教) their children through teaching and encouraging.”
According to Steve Biddulph, the author of More Secrets of Happy Children, the permissive era was often just an excuse to ignore children. He believes discipline involves film but friendly teaching and does not need to involve punishment. He teaches a method called “stand and think”, where a child is helped to figure out what is wrong and how to get it right. Mr.Biddulph understands parents using spanking, but he is against it. “The happiest children are those who know Mum and Dad are in charge. As children grow into their teens, more negotiation can take place, such as: Prove you can be home safely by 11pm, and we might let you stay out till midnight.”
“There is no good evidence that an occasional, properly administered spanking is harmful in any way.” says John Rosemond, an American who has won a huge following by calling for punishment could make them have negative feelings about the room and cause sleep problems.
Mr. Rosemond tracks the overturning of traditional family values to the end of the Second Word War. He blames the change of the American family values into a child-centered, self-respect-oriented(以…为导向) unit on psychologists and social workers, who for 30 years have weakened traditional approaches. Previous generation of American parents raised children not by the book, but by self-evident truth, he says. Children should be seen and not heard. If you make your bed, you’ll have to lie in it. He says that those phrases contain time-honored understanding and principles that helped children to develop what we refer to as the “three Rs” of parenting: respect, responsibility and resourcefulness.
27. Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “laissez-faire” in the second paragraph?
A. Let it be. B. Go for it . C. Get it right D. Take it easy.
28. If his child did something wrong, Steve Biddulph would________.
A. give him a good beating
B. lock him up in a dark room
C. ask him to stand in a corner for hours
D. help him find out the problem and solution
29.By mentioning the underlined part in the last paragraph, Mr. Rosemond_________.
A. blames parents for ignoring children’s rights
B. reminds parents to communicate more with children
C. encourages parents to involve children more in family affairs
D. explain how previous generation of parents raised children
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The causes of discipline problems.
B. The best way to discipline children.
C. Different options on ways of parenting.
D. Different between parents of different times.
第二节
For people with thousands of pages to read, speed reading seems like a manna(甘露) from heaven. In addition, speed reading helps lighten the load of information you have to absorb since it provides a filter that you can use in screening all bits of information before you approach them.
__31__Examining how much information you need will help you identify how you should read a certain document to maximize your learning and comprehension. Thorough reading may no longer be necessary in some cases, such as when you only need an outline of a certain document.
Another skill that can ease the burden of a reader is the ability to read words in blocks. Make sure you do not spend too long on a certain block.__32__This will also make reading less tiresome and boring.
To master this important skill, you have to practice reading more and more words in a certain block at one time. A suggestion shared by some experts regarding this step is to increase the distance between you and the document you are reading. If you can read more and more words in one block, you can cut down on the time it usually takes you to read a certain text and you will be able to read more in a shorter period.
Readers should also practice reducing the number of times they go back to previous sections or blocks. Using a pointer such as the tip of a pencil or pen can also help to make the flow of your reading smoother and faster.__33__ Thus, your speed in reading will largely depend on the speed of the movement of your pointer.
If you still find yourself confused about the topic even after you have finished reading the document, do not re-read right away. Re-reading immediately will just lead to slower speed in reading.__34__ Getting your own reading corner will also help.
__35__Continue practicing and practicing the techniques aforementioned and soon, you’ll achieve the reading speed that will work best for you.
In this technique, your eyes will follow the tip of the pointer.
This saves time and reduces the effort that you have to make.
Taking a short break first is recommended before reading the material again.
As a final note, the most important point is consistent and deliberate practice.
Your invaluable time can be saved if you can have your reading speed doubled.
The first step to increase your reading speed is to identify the specific information you need.
Reducing the time you spend on a specific number of words in a block will make no difference.
三. 根据汉语提示完成句子
1.【完成句子】
① They decided to______________(舍弃房产)for needs of cash.
② Without pain，__________ (没有牺牲)，we would have nothing.
③ He__________ (舍弃了他的汽车)when he went abroad to work.
2.【完成句子】
① Please write to__________ your reservation.
请来信确认你的预订项目。
② When asked，he __________ she was going to retire.(证实说)
③ There hasn't been official__________ the report on the event.(批准)
3.【完成句子】
① The 30th Olympic Games__________ in London in 2012.
第30届奥运会2012年要在伦敦举办。
② Have they been paid the money__________ them?
他们是否已得到了应得的钱？
③ His absence was__________ the storm.
他因暴风雨而缺席。
4.【完成句子】
① This exam is__________ students' intelligence.
这种考试是对学生智力的一种侮辱。
② She has no right__________ us like that.
她无权那样侮辱我们。
5.【完成句子】
① 当其他人都退后时，你应该勇敢地站出来为自己赢得名誉。
You should __________for yourself by standing up when others step back.
② 他骂你们是不对的。
It's wrong for him to .
③ 我以上帝的名义保证我会来救你。
__________God，I will come to save you.
④ 他遇到了一个叫杰克的人。
He met a man，Jack __________.
⑤ 那个人以假名Jack登记入住了那家酒店。
The man checked in the hotel__________ Jack.
6.【完成句子】
① 我厌倦了你的闲言碎语。请保持安静。
I __________ your gossiping. Please keep quiet.
② 现在，由于金融危机，一些人挣不到足以糊口的钱。
Now some people don't__________ because of the financial crisis.
7.【完成句子】
① Try to __________your visitors before I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
② The problem is how to__________ nuclear waste.
问题是如何处理核废料。
③ When will the dream come true that we will__________ the world __________famine?
使世界不再有饥荒的梦想什么时候能变成现实？
8.【完成句子】
① China is the birthplace of kites__________ (从这儿)flying kites spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.
② She walked up to __________ (他站的地方)．
9.【完成句子】
① The __________his back seemed to be crushing him to the earth.
他背上的重负似乎要把他压倒在地。
② Don’t __________ unnecessary problems.勿为不必要的问题所累。
10.【完成句子】
① I am __________ (负部分责任)for the confusion.
② Would someone__________ (愿意带Paul回家)?
③ It's your__________ (职责)to provide us with evidence.
11.【完成句子】
① The defeated terrorists__________ their weapons __________ the local police.
被击败的恐怖分子把武器交给了当地警察。
② Mary's boyfriend__________ the car keys__________ her.
玛丽的男朋友把车钥匙交给了玛丽。
12.【完成句子】
① That he is the best man for the job is __________ .
毫无疑问，他是干这项工作的最佳人选。
② Taking a holiday at this time is __________.
这时候休假是绝不可能的。
13.【同义句转换】
① Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university.
→__________you work hard，you__________ admitted to a key university.
② If you don't hurry up，you will miss your flight.
→__________，__________you will miss your flight.
14.【完成句子】
① Why does she always drive to work__________ she could easily take the bus?
她很容易能赶上公交车的话，为什么要经常开车上班？
② How can they learn anything__________ they spend all their spare time watching television?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，还能学什么东西呢？
15.【完成句子】
① Nothing__________ us__________ going there immediately.
(决心)什么也阻挡不了我们立即去那里。
② Tom__________ this time.
(强制) 这次汤姆不能去。
四. 选词填空
1. 选用answer，reply，respond的适当形式填空
① They did not__________ to our new proposal.
他们对我们的新建议没有作出答复。
② He said good night to her but she gave no__________.
他向她道晚安，而她却毫无反应。
③ I invited her to dinner but she did not__________.
我请她吃晚饭，但她未作回答。
2. 用allocate，assign，distribute的适当形式填空
① The company__________ funds __________repair work every month.
公司每个月都拨出经费作维修用。
② The teacher has __________ each of us a holiday task.
老师给我们每个人都分配了假日的工作。
③ Shall we__________ Thursdays__________ our weekly meetings?
我们把每周例会定在星期四好吗？
④ The demonstrators__________ leaflets__________ passers-by.
示威者向行人分发了传单。
3. 用like，love，enjoy，fancy，adore，prefer的适当形式填空
① She__________ him but doesn't__________ him.
她喜欢他，但不爱他。
② He started to chat to me and I could tell that he really__________ himself.
他和我聊起天来，我看得出他确实自以为了不起。
③ She__________ the cinema.
她极喜欢看电影。
Keys:
一. 1-5 CABDA 6-10 ACCAD 11-15 BBDCB
二. 16-20 BADCB 21-25 AC DAD 26-30 CADDC 31-35FBACD
三. 1.① sacrifice their house ② without sacrifice ③ sacrificed his car
2. ① confirm ② confirmed that ③ confirmation of
3. ① is due to be held ② due to ③ due to
4. ① an insult to ② to insult
5. ① make a name ② call you names ③ In the name of ④ by name ⑤ under the name of
6. ① have had enough of ② earn enough to live on 7. ① get rid of ② get rid of ③ rid；of
8. ① from where ② where he stood 9. ① burden on ② burden yourself with
10. ① partly responsible ② take the responsibility for bringing Paul home ③ responsibility
11. ① handed；over to ② handed；over to 12. ① out of question ② out of the question
13. ① If；will be ② Hurry up；or
14. ① when ② when 15. ① shall stop；from ② shan't go
四. 1. ① reply ② answer ③ respond
2. ① allocates；for ② assigned ③ assign；for ④ distributed；to
3. ① likes；love ② fancied ③ adores
