第 30 讲 倒装句（解析版）
近年来高考语篇型填空和短文改错对于倒装句、 there be句型等时有考查，所以倒装句仍然为高中教学的重点内容，在高考书面表达中恰当运用倒装句,会凸显考生的写作水平,增添英语作文的亮点，所以教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重倒装句的各种不同形式，抓住基本知识和核心要点，指导考生夯实这部分内容,对迎接高考进行能力储备。
本讲要求教师对倒装句的知识进行逐条梳理，避免偏难怪题，通过经典例句的讲解和巩固训练，进一步提高学生的语言运用能力。
I．The definition of the Inverted Sentences（倒装句概述）
英语中的基本语序是“主语 + 谓语”，也称为陈述语序，但在一些句子中，由于语法结构上的需要或“修辞上强调”的需要，把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装语序，有倒装语序存在的句子可以叫做倒装句。
II．The Classification of the Inverted Sentences．（倒装句的分类）
倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。把谓语的全部放在主语前面的叫做完全倒装，把谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词或be动词）或表语放在主语前面的叫做部分倒装。如：
Out rushed the little girl． （完全倒装）
There are different forms of energy． （完全倒装）
Such an interesting film was it that they were all moved．（完全倒装）
Only in this way can we finish the work． （部分倒装）
Never shall I forget the day． （部分倒装）
Pretty as she is，she is not clever．（部分倒装）
III．完全倒装的情况：
1．以时间副词（now，then）及方位副词（here，there，in，up，down，away，off，out
等）或介词短语（in the room, on the wall等）开头的句子，用完全倒装表示强调。其句型为“时间副词/方位副词 + 不及物动词 + 主语”，这类句子的谓语动词通常为be，go，come，follow，rush，fly，fall,remain,folloe,exist等，并且必须用一般现在时或一般过去时，主语为名词（主语为代词时，主谓不倒装，只把该副词提到句首）。如：
Now comes your turn．
There goes the bell．
Here comes the bus．
Away went the boy．
Off went the horses．
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand．（主谓倒装）
Here you are． （主谓不倒装）
Away he went．（主谓不倒装）
2．“There be”句型（包括There引导的存在句）即There live /stand /lie /appear /come/seem /remain /exist等必须倒装。如：
There is a book and two pens on the desk．
There came shouts for help from the river．
There lived an emperor many years ago．
3．直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首作宾语，且句子主语为名词时，用完全倒装。如：
“We will have an oral practice tomorrow ,”said the teacher．（倒装）
4、因为句子主语较长，或为了强调表语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，把表语放在句首倒装。其结构为“表语 + 连系动词 + 主语”（即“形容词短语/现在分词/过去分词短语/介词短语 + 连系动词 + 主语”）。如：
Present at the meeting were teachers and students．
Hanging on the wall is a splendid picture．
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people．
In front of the door is a dog．
5、such、thus作表语开头的句型（常译作“这样的人/这样的物”），用完全倒装，谓语动词的单复数由后面名词决定。如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist．
Such were the facts．
Such would be our home in the future．
IV．部分倒装的情况：
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
常见的情况有：
1．带有否定意义的词或短语放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：no, not, never, seldom, scarcely, barely, little,few, not only, not once, not a single word（没有一句话），by no means/under no circumstances/in no circumstances/in no case/in no way/on no consideration（决不、无论如何），in no time（立刻、马上），never before（以前从不），hardly．．． when, no sooner．．． than．．．, not until．．．等。
Neither will theory do without practice，nor will practice do without theory．
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender．
2．表示“也；也不” 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。其句型结构为：
肯定句“So + be（have/助动词或情态动词）+ 主语”；
否定句“Neither/Nor + be（have/助动词/情态动词）+ 主语”。如：
He is a boy． So am I．
I have finished my paper． So has he．
If he can do it，so can I．
I don't care much for sweets． Neither/Nor do I．
Will you go home this weekend？----No，and neither will Li Ming．
注意:
1) 此句型主语后面常常省去与前句相同的部分;
2) 当so引出的句子用于对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构，即主谓不倒装，so =indeed或certainly，意为“的确如此”。
—It's raining hard． —So it is．（Indeed it is raining hard．）
3．only放在句首，强调状语(即only+副词或介词短语或状语从句等)，语序要用一般疑问的部分倒装。
Only in this way can you work out the problem．
注意：如果句子有状语从句的复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed．
4． as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(即形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词提前)。此时应注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词；
2) 句首形容词或副词不带very；
3) 句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Hero as he is，he still has shortcomings．
Try (hard) as she might, she couldn’t get the door open．
Much as I like it，I'll not buy it．
5．so / such．．．that 句型中的so/such．．．．．． 位于句首时，需用一般疑问语序的倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch．
Such great progress did he make that he was praised．
6．在虚拟语气条件句中，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取一般疑问语序的部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again．
7． 某些表示祝愿的句子，常用部分倒装；标语口号中，常常用完全倒装。如：May you succeed！= May you all be happy！ Long live the people！
I．注意时态
1．以时间副词及方位副词或介词短语开头的句子中，时态一般为一般现在时或一般过去时，用其它时态情况较少，偶尔有进行时，如：Here is/was the bus coming．
2．Hardly．．． when, No sooner．．． than．．．的时态考查：一般主句为过去完成时，从句为一般过去时。
如：No sooner had he got to the laboratory than he set out to do the experiment．
Ⅱ．注意何时不倒装
1．直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，当主语为代词、谓语动词后面接了宾语或谓语动词为被动结构时，句子不倒装。如：
“Please do me a favor，”he said．(主语为代词)
“Do you feel better now，”the doctor asked the patient． (谓语动词后面有宾语)
“What do you mean？”the boy was asked． (被动结构)
2． 当not until引出主从复合句时，从句不倒装，主句倒装。
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep．
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room．
3． 只有当not only．．． but also连接两个分句时，才在第1个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only．．．but also仅连接两个并列词语或短语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music．
Ⅲ．注意可倒装也可不倒装的结构
1．在比较状语从句中，因主语较长,或带有较长的修饰语时可采用倒装,也可不用。
She works as hard as anyone else in the family does．
She works as hard as does anyone else in the family．
2．(just)as引导的方式状语中,可采用倒装,也可不用。
Our eating habits have changed, just as has our way of life．
Our eating habits have changed, just as our way of life has．
3．频率副词或短语位于句首可采用部分倒装也可不用。常用的频度副词有: often、many a?time、?twice、?long等。
Many a time has he helped me with English．
Many a time he has helped me with English．
4．as(just?as)…,so…型用于比喻,so部分需用部分倒装,表示“正如…,…也一样”此句型也可不用倒装。
Just as food is to man,so is water to fish．
Just as food is to man,so water is to fish．
知识点一 倒装句与虚拟语气的结合
例1．（2017?江苏卷）_______ for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty．
A． It were B． Were it C． It was D． Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I．．．,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
变式训练 1：
1）________ the first subway, he would have attended the meeting on time．
A．Did he catch B．Should he catch
C． Has he caught D． Had he caught
2） I meet him, I would tell him about the news．
A．Should B．Were C．Would D． Were to
知识点二 倒装句与时语态的结合
例2．（2016?江苏）Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas．
A．they had encouraged B．had they encouraged
C．did they encourage D．they encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。考点:考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候,主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD项,B项为过去完成时,上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。故C正确。
变式训练 2：
1)．Only when the old woman got on the bus ______ that she had left the wallet at home．
A．she realized B．has she realized
C．she has realized D．did she realize
2)．No sooner stepped on the stage than he found his mother sitting among the audience．
A．had the boy B．has the boy
C．the boy had D．the boy has
知识点三 倒装语序
例3．（2015?湖南）Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals．
A．I did discover B．did I discover
C．I discovered D．discovered
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只有在和两个学生交谈之后，他们才意识到强烈的动机是实现目标的最大因素之一。only置于句首的部分倒装。副词only置于句首,强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时,主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句,该状语从句不倒装,只对主句进行倒装,但若位于句首的不是only 状语,而是 only 宾语等,则通常无需倒装。after talking to two students是一个状语,故对主语进行倒装。
变式训练 3：
1)． ______the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well．
A．Not do only B．Do not only
C．Only not do D．Not only do
2）．The headmaster will not permit them to bring mobile phones to school,nor
it a thought．
A．even he will give B．he will even give
C．will he even give D．will even give he
3)．In the forest ,some large enough to hold several English towns．
A．many lakes lie B．lie many lakes
C．do many lakes lie D．do lie many lakes
知识点四 倒装句与连词结合
例4．（2013?江西）Only ________ he apologizes for her rudeness will I speak to him again．
A．until B．before C．after D．when
【答案】C
【解析】句意：只有她为自己的粗鲁道歉了之后，我才会和她说话。考点：部分倒装从句的连词。此种考查需要学生掌握好状语从句连词，并合理翻译句意才能把握。
变式训练 4：
1)． ______he went through hardship did he miss his warm family strongly．
A．Not until B．Not once C．No sooner D．Not only
2）．Quiet student he is , he talks a lot about his pet dog with best friends．it a thought．
A．although B．as C．so D．while
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1．Never in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions．
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
2． Seldom _________ an article that is so full of lies．
A．have I read B．I have read C．had I read D．I had read．
3．Hardly _________ Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London．
A．had they reached B．they had reached
C．have the reached D．they have reached
4．Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place．
A．can you find B．you could find
C．you can find D．could you find
5．_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest．
A．Not only they brought B．Not only did they bring
C．Not only brought they D．Not only they did bring
6．Only then _________ how much damage had been caused．
A．she realized B．she had realized
C．had she realized D．did she realize
7． _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies．
A．Only B．Just C．Still D．Yet
8． _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere．
A．So successful her business was B．So successful was her business
C．So her business was successful D．So was her successful business
9．— My room gets very cold at night．
— _________．
A．So is mine B．So mine is C．So does mine D．So mine does
10．If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party, _________．
A． he will either B． neither will he
C． he neither will D． either he will
二、句型训练（Change the following sentences into inverted sentences）
1．Peter?goes up?again．
2．The?castle?stands?on?a?hill．
3．Your chance to speak out is now．
4．The beautifulscenery?I?had?been?told?about?lay?below?me．
5．My?wife?loves?reading?too．?
6．I did?not?witness?the?robbery,?either．
7．The?attack?was?so?sudden?that?the?enemy?had?no?time?to?escape．
8．She?has?never?lied?to?others?before．
9．I did?not?realize?what?was?going?on?until?I?saw?her?crying．
10．We?knew?little?about?what?was?going?to?happen?next．
11．We?had?hardly?started?to?watch?the?film?when?the?hght?went?off．
12．I?felt?relieved?only?when?my?children?arrived?home?safely．
13．They?not?only?need?food,?but?they?also?need?shelter．
14．Though?she?is?young．?she?is?very?independent．
15．?If?he?had?come?earlier,?he?would?have?met?her．
三、翻译练习（Complete the sentences）
1．?Seldom (我们道)?what?is?happening?both?at home?and?abroad，let?alone?what?we?can?do?for?our?country．
2．?Before?the?completion?of?the?new?cabin,?there (来了一场暴风雨)．
3．?Not?until?we?watched?the?Earth?Day?programme?on?TV (我们知道很多)?about?global?warming．
4．?So (他说话声音大)?at?the?meeting?that?everyone in?the?room?could?hear?him?clearly．
5．?She?never?laughed,?nor (她发脾气)．
6．?Seeing?the?gardener?coming,?away (淘气的孩子们跑了)．
7．?We?arrived?at?a?farmhouse,?and?in?front?of?it (坐着一个小男孩儿)．
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