高考一轮复习学案 第六讲形容词与副词(原卷+解析卷)

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名称 高考一轮复习学案 第六讲形容词与副词(原卷+解析卷)
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更新时间 2018-09-25 10:32:18

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第六讲 形容词与副词(原卷版)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
形容词与副词是每年高考必考点之一,近几年语境综合化程度越来越高,难度加大。有关形容词、副词的高考热点常见于词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。这些内容都是近年高考中英语考察的重点内容。考生是否能正确使用形容词与副词决定了英语句子的表达是否准确、学生对英语语言的掌握是否灵活。因此,形容词与副词也是英语学习的重、难点之一,作为基础语言知识应用必须加以重视。学生在平时的学习和做习题时,要对于形容词、副词的基本知识和高频考点烂熟于心才能更好地提高学习效率。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候,必须从基础开始,正确引导学生对有关与形容词和副词的语言知识进行认真地梳理,注重夯实基础,避免在语言知识的应用方面、写作训练中出现不该出现的错误。建议教师在带领学生复习本讲内容时,注意引导学生进行语言知识的梳理,把与形容词和副词有关的语法现象从横向、纵向进行融会贯通,掌握相关用法,在语境中注意这些词汇的不同用法。要求教师在这一轮复习中引领学生首先进行知识梳理,并列出学生容易出现错误的问题,通过典型例句讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
The Adjective and Adverb(形容词与副词)
1. 形容词与副词概述
形容词与副词都是起修饰作用的,两者修饰的词不一样。形容词能表示事物的形状、性质和状态等,主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征、或者属性,常用作定语,也可作表语、补语或状语。副词可以修饰动词、形容词或者其他副词,副词还可以修饰句子。副词可以表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念,可以分为时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词等;还有常用于完成时态的副词。
2. 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词一般有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。
原级 表示两者同等或不同等程度时用原级“as + 形容词/副词原级 + as ...”或“not as (so)+ 形容词/副词原级+ as ...”结构。
My brother is as tall as I. 我弟弟和我一样高。
I will run as fast as he can. 我尽可能跟她跑得一样快。
The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that in Wuhan. 北京没有武汉热。
比较级 表示两者比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词/副词比较级+than”的结构。
I am much better than I was yesterday. 我比昨天好多了。
Math is less interesting than English. 数学不如英语有趣。
最高级 表示一定范围内两者以上的比较时,用最高级,通常用“the+形容词/副词最高级(+名词)+ of (in) ...”的结构(副词最高级前可省略定冠词the)。
This is the busiest day of the week. 这是我本周最繁忙的一天。
My sister sings best in my family. 我妹妹是我们家唱歌最好的。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级变化规则
规则变化
(1) 单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。
tall-taller-tallest hard-harder-hardest。
(2) 以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。
brave-braver-bravest。
(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词,双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est。
big-bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。
happy-happier-happiest
(5) 其他双音节词和多音节的词,在前面加more和most。
interesting-more interesting-most interesting
carefully-more carefully-most carefully
不规则变化
good/well-better-best
bad/ill/ badly-worse-worst
many/much-more-most
little-less-least  
far-farther-farthest
4. 形容词和副词的比较级的用法
(1) 同级比较结构“as/ so+原级+as... ”前可用just,almost,nearly,half等表示程度。
He doesn’t study half so hard as you. 他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。
(2). 表示倍数的比较级用法
1). A is …times the size / height / length / width of B.(the+名词)
The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)。
2). A is …times as big / high / long / wide / large as B.(as?as中间+原级)
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)。
3). A is …times larger / higher / longer / wider than B.(倍数+比较级)
Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
4) 两者相比表示倍数的时候用twice (...times) as+原级+as结构。
His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework。
他家庭作业的错误是你的二倍。
(3) 比较级前用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。
The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大多了。
We will come back a little later. 我们会稍迟一点回来。
(4) 比较级前用any和no来修饰。
We were too tired to walk any farther. 我们太疲劳了不能再走很远了。
He was no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子。
(5) 两个形容词和副词的比较级叠加表示“越来越”的意思。
其结构:比较级+and+比较级,多音节词可用more and more+比较级结构。
The days are getting longer and longer. 天正变得越来越长了。
Your sister becomes more and more beautiful. 你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。
(6) 表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”的结构。
The harder you works, the more you will get. 你越努力学习,你得到的就越多。
(7) 当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他的城市大。
如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,所以可以不用other或者else。
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang. 上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。
5. 最高级的用法
表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。“A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of(in)……”
Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
She is the youngest in the class.
她是班里最年轻的。
Tom is the happiest of us all.
汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。
This park is the most beautiful of the three.
这个花园是这三个中最漂亮的。
(1) of…和in…的区别:“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”;“在……中”
of the four… 在四个之中
of all(people)在所有的人之中
of all the boys 在所有的男孩中
of us 在我们之中
of all things 在所有的事情当中
(2) “in+范围、场所”,表示“在……之中”;“在……之内”
in the house 在家中
in China 在中国
in the world 在世界上
in our school 在我们学校
in my family 在我们家
(3) one of the +最高级,表示“是最……之一者”;后面要加上名词的复数,即为“one of the +最高级+复数名词”
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.
我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。
One of the most important languages is English in the world.
世界上最重要的语言之一是英语。
(4)“most+复数名词”和“most of the+复数名词,或者most of+代词,表示“大多数,大部分的……”
Most people like apples.
大多数人喜欢苹果。
Most of the boys are good.
大多数的男孩都是好样的。
Most of them/his books were written here.
他的大部分书是在这儿写的。
(5) 可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级的用法
最高级:She is the best in her class. 她是她们班最好的学生。
比较级:She is better than any other student in her class.
或:No other student in her class is better than she.
原级:No other student in her class is as good as she.
(6) Which(Who)is +the +最高级
which和what在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which,从不定数中做选择时用what,但有时并没有区分得那么清楚,当询问三者以上时用which。
意思是三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个(人)最为……呢?”
--Which is the biggest of the five apples? 这五个苹果中哪一个最大?
--The first one(is) 第一个。
--Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant? 马、羊和大象哪一个最沉?
--The elephant(is) 大象。
6. 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序:限定词 → 表示数量形容词→描述性形容词 →表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等形容词→表示颜色的形容词 → 表示类别的形容词(如:国籍) → 表示类别的名词(如:木)→ 表示用途(如:写) → 中心名词。
限定词(these,those…)+ 数量形容词(three)+ 描述性形容词(beautiful)+表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等形容词(young,large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+ 国籍(Chinese)+ 材料(wood)+ 用途(writing)+ 被修饰的中心名词(desk)。
These three beautiful 1arge old red Chinese wood writing desk are very beautiful.
【温馨提示】
(1) 可以通过opshacorn(为帮助记忆而杜撰的词)记住形容词排列顺序。
op:opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如horrible,1ovely,nice等;
sh:shape,指表示形状的形容词,如10ng,short,round,narrow等;
a:age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如o1d,new,young等;
c:color,表示颜色的形容词,如red,black,orange等;
o:origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;
m:material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,wood等。
当这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列。
如:an ice long new black British plastic pen.一般在实际语言使用中不太可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况,这里所举的例子主要是帮助同学们掌握形容词作定语的排列顺序。
another three English books 另外三本英语书
all these last few days 最近的这些日子
some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花
a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙
a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车
(2) 还可以通过口诀记忆:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词) + 数词 (序数词、基数词) +描绘性形容词 (nice,good,interesting,beautiful...) + 特征形容词 (大小、长短、高低+形状+年龄、新旧) +颜色+国籍、出处+物质材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
7. 注意副词的两种形式
副词有两种形式,一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-1y,另一种形式与形容词相同,这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同,应加以注意。常见的有:
close接近(指距离)—closely 仔细地,密切地
free免费一freely 自由地,自如地
deep深一deeply 深刻地,深入地
hard努力地—— bardly几乎不
wide宽阔-- Widely广泛地
high高一 highly高度地
1ate晚、迟一 1ately近来
near邻近-- nearly几乎
most最-- mostly主要地;绝大多数地
easy 从容地--easlly容易地
另外,有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。也就是说,有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有:early,straight,s10W,enough,fast,hard,10ng,nrm等。
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”
在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
2. 在比较级前面使用much,表示程度“强得多”。
A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. 西瓜比苹果大多了。
3. 形容词比较级前可以用a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even等。
只能修饰原级的词通常有:almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,rather,very,half,twice,three times,a third等
只能修饰原级的词通常有:almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,rather,very,half,twice,three times,a third等
修饰形容词原级的副词有:very,too,quite,so等。
修饰形容词比较级的副词有:rather,much,even,a little等。
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
4. very;quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
very和quite通常不用于修饰比较级,但有一个例外,即可说quite better(指身体康复)。I’m quite better now. 我现在好多了。
需要注意的是,虽然quite一般不用于修饰比较级,但却可以修饰最高级。
It’s quite the worst play I have ever seen. 这的确是我看过的戏当中最差的出戏。
5. nearly,far,much,mostly,almost等可修饰最高级
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
(1) very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
(2) 序数词通常只修饰最高级
Africa is the second largest continent.
6. 形容词和副词的位置问题
形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或者在句子之首。此外还有以下几种特殊情况:
1) 形容词短语作定语时后置。
2) 表语形容词只能作后置定语(以a打头的形容词一般是表语形容词,如:alive,asleep,awake,alone)。
the way ahead; the example above;the city alone;the boy awake。
3) 形容词修饰something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时要后置。
something new;something important。
4) present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。
5) 副词修饰动词时,放在动词之后。
6) enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置,修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。
7. 避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
8. 避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger than any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
9. 对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
10. 避免混用表示倍数的三个句型
1) times as + 形容词原级 + as: This table is 3 times as big as that one.
2) times the + 性质名词 + of: This table is 3 times the size of that one.
3) times + 形容词比较级 + than:This table is twice bigger than that one.
11.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
12. much作副词的问题
(1)修饰比较级:“much + 比较级”的意思是“更……”;“……得多”。
It’s much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。
(2)修饰原级:主要见于由过去分词转化来的形容词。
I was much annoyed. 我很不高兴。
She wasn’t much surprised. 她并不太惊讶。
(3)修饰最高级:much修饰最高级应置于最高级前的定冠词之前,而不是之后。“much + the + 最高级”的意思是“最最……”;“绝对是最……”。
This is much the most difficult. 这是最最难的
(4)much作副词:常与否定动词连用;与作形容词的过去分词以及以a开头的表语形容词连用;与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。
much修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不能用于肯定句中(除非前面有 very,too,so 等之类的修饰语)。
She doesn’t much like him. 她不太喜欢他。
Does she much like him? 她很喜欢他吗?
She likes him very/too/so much. 她非常喜欢他 /太喜欢他了。
不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词,通常只限于admire, affect, appreciate, dislike, enjoy, look forward to, prefer, regret等少数动词,且much通常只能放在句中,不放在句末。
We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。
知识点一 多个形容词作定语时的位置关系
例1:________students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
【答案】A
【解析】句意:十名年轻的中国学生被要求参加划船比赛。根据多个形容词作定语的位置排列顺序(限定词 → 表示数量形容词→描述性形容词 → 表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等→ 表示颜色的形容词 → 表示类别的形容词(如:国籍) → 表示类别的名词(如:木)→ 表示用途(如:写) → 中心名词。):ten (数量),strong (描绘性形容词),young (年龄),Chinese (国籍)。故选择答案为A。
变式训练1:
1)John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car.
A. large German white B. large white German
C. which large German D. German large white
2)The __________ looks as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A. wooden little house B. wooden large house
C. house large wooden D. little wooden house
知识点二 形容词与副词最新热点
例2:It’s _______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.
A. no B. Such C. nearly D. hardly
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他的朋友不太喜欢看电视,这一点也不奇怪。no为形容词,相当于not any或not a,所以不可选用,可以用于It’s no wonder that…;根据题意,该句的从句是否定的意思,为此要使用表示否定的词,即:否定副词hardly,相当于almost not。故选择答案为D。
变式训练2:
1)Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _________to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
2)The great success of this program has been ________ due to the support given by the local business men.
A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely
知识点三 much作副词的问题
例3:Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _________ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
【答案】A
【解析】句意:玛丽不断地称自己的体重,看看体重增了多少。much不能修饰一般形容词、副词的原级形式。much作副词时:1)常与否定动词连用,2)与作形容词的过去分词以及以a开头的表语形容词连用:3)与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。可以说how heavy,但是不可以说how much heavy。另外,本题的语境也决定了Mary想要知道的是自己体重的变化情况。如果不是用how much ,而用how,则可以跟heavy 。Mary weighed herself to see how heavy she was.玛丽称了一下,看自己的体重是多少。故选择答案为A。
变式训练3:
1)--This book is _________ more useful for us students.
--Yes, but it is _________ too difficult.
A. quite, quite B. much, much C. rather, quite D. quite, much
2)We would _________ to be given money.
A. prefer much B. much preferer C. preferer much D. much prefer
知识点四 形容词与副词比较级
例4:Of the two toys, the child chose ________.
A. the most expensive one B. the less expensive one
C. a less expensive one D. the most expensive of them
比较级 答案:B 指导:前文指在两个玩具中选择,所以是比较级。the less expensive one,“那个较便宜的”。选项C表示一个较便宜的,没有明确选择范围。
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在这两个玩具中,孩子挑选的是便宜的。故选择答案为B。
变式训练4:
1)--Peter, why didn't you go to the flower show?
--I think it's something _______ pleasant.
A. far more B. far less C. too much D. much too
2)--How much do you like your car?
-- ______ I would have paid ______ for it.
A. Very much; as twice much B. Very much; twice as much
C. Wonderful ; twice as much D. Wonderful; even more
知识点五 形容词修饰不定代词的位置
例5:--Be quiet please!
--I have ________ to tell you.
A. important something B. nothing C. something important D. important
【答案】C
【解析】句意:请安静!我有重要的事情要告诉你们。形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词需要后置。所以选择答案C。
变式训练5:
1)Is there _________ on TV tonight?
A. important something B. important anything
C. good anything D. anything good
2)Apart from the bus arriving late, _________seemed to be going according to plan.
A. else anything B. everything else
C. else something D. else everything
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1. The shoes are ________ small for me.
A. too much B. much C. so that D. much too
2. Exercise is _______ as any other to lose unwanted weight.
A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
3. His laziness at work made him _______ with his workmates.
A. distrusted B. disliked C. unpopular D. unwelcome
4. I'd like to buy a house-modern, comfortable, and ________ in a quiet neighborhood.
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
5. The number of people present at the concert was________ than expected. There were many tickets left.
A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more
6. My friend Paul was cheated when he paid $2,000 for that second-hand car; it was not worth _______.
A. that all much B. all that much C. that much all D. much all that
7. I think your sister is old enough to know ______to spend all her money on beautiful dresses.
A. other than B. rather than C. better than D. more than
8. This is _______novel. Would you like to read it?
A. an Australian new interesting historical B. A new interesting historical Australian
C. an interesting new Australian historical D. A historical interesting new Australian
9. The Sinai Peninsula, which was returned to Egypt in 1982, is _______ .
A. as three times large as Israel B. three times large than Israel
C. three times Israel's size D. the size of Israel's three times
10. Wouldn’t it be _________ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport.
A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
11. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _________ voice.
A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best
12. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _______ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
13. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
14. 10,000 dollars is a large sum of money, but it is still ________ than we need for a new house
A. very few B. very little C. far fewer D. far less
15. The experiment was _________ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
16. I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem _________all the time.
A. to get worse B. to have got worse
C. that it is getting worse D. to be getting worse
17. Because of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5 hours, so the __________ speed was 56 kph.
A. basic B. whole C. total D. average
18. We would __________ to be given money.
A. more prefer B. much prefer C. prefer much D. prefer more
19. I don’t want to buy the pair of shoes, they're too loose. I need ____________.
A. one size small B. one size smaller
C. one smaller size D. one small size
20. ---Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
---I couldn't agree __________. The idea sounds great to me.
A. much B. worse C. more D. at all
二、句型训练(Fill in the blanks according to the Chinese given in brackets)
1. Of the three boys, Nick is __________. (最最聪明)
2. These factors have _________ the building of nuclear plants. (极大地影响)
3. The patient is _________ this morning. (几乎相同)
4. __________as I’d like to help, there isn’t a lot I can do. (虽然)
5. They offer help and advice to _________ in becoming a teacher. (感兴趣的人)
6. There isn't __________ in today's newspaper.(没什么新的)
7. America is one of _________ countries for China. (最重要的)
8. ---The young man is good at a lot of things but you can't say he is ________.(完美的)
---I agree with you. Actually no one is.
9. --Is the flower beautiful?
--Yes. At least it's no _______ than the one I bought yesterday. (bad)
10. ---Are you pleased with what he has done?
---Not in the least. It couldn't be _______. (已经坏到极至了)
三、Translate the following into Chinese(英译汉)
1. My father is the tallest in my family.
2. That’s much the best plan.
3. It was much worse than I thought.
4. We will be a much better football team next year.
5. There's nothing wrong with the data.
6. Can you ask someone else to help you? I'm really busy now.
7. Much as he admired her looks and her manners,he had no wish to marry her.
8. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.
9. They’re very much in love with each other.
10. Much to my surprise, she did it by herself.
四、Translate the following into English(汉译英)
1. 他开车开得太快了。
2. 你想喝点什么吗?
3. 她并不太惊讶。
4. 这婴儿长得不大像你。
5. 这是最最难的。
6. 那绝对是最好的计划。
7. 我并不认为这种电池非常好。
8. 新学校与老学校区别不太大。
9. 这东西太重,你拿不起来。
10. 我们不能再给您添麻烦了,您已经给我们的太多了。

第六讲 形容词与副词(解析版)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
形容词与副词是每年高考必考点之一,近几年语境综合化程度越来越高,难度加大。有关形容词、副词的高考热点常见于词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。这些内容都是近年高考中英语考察的重点内容。考生是否能正确使用形容词与副词决定了英语句子的表达是否准确、学生对英语语言的掌握是否灵活。因此,形容词与副词也是英语学习的重、难点之一,作为基础语言知识应用必须加以重视。学生在平时的学习和做习题时,要对于形容词、副词的基本知识和高频考点烂熟于心才能更好地提高学习效率。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候,必须从基础开始,正确引导学生对有关与形容词和副词的语言知识进行认真地梳理,注重夯实基础,避免在语言知识的应用方面、写作训练中出现不该出现的错误。建议教师在带领学生复习本讲内容时,注意引导学生进行语言知识的梳理,把与形容词和副词有关的语法现象从横向、纵向进行融会贯通,掌握相关用法,在语境中注意这些词汇的不同用法。要求教师在这一轮复习中引领学生首先进行知识梳理,并列出学生容易出现错误的问题,通过典型例句讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
The Adjective and Adverb(形容词与副词)
1. 形容词与副词概述
形容词与副词都是起修饰作用的,两者修饰的词不一样。形容词能表示事物的形状、性质和状态等,主要用来描写或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征、或者属性,常用作定语,也可作表语、补语或状语。副词可以修饰动词、形容词或者其他副词,副词还可以修饰句子。副词可以表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念,可以分为时间副词、频率副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、表顺序的副词等;还有常用于完成时态的副词。
2. 形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词一般有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。
原级 表示两者同等或不同等程度时用原级“as + 形容词/副词原级 + as ...”或“not as (so)+ 形容词/副词原级+ as ...”结构。
My brother is as tall as I. 我弟弟和我一样高。
I will run as fast as he can. 我尽可能跟她跑得一样快。
The weather in Beijing is not so hot as that in Wuhan. 北京没有武汉热。
比较级 表示两者比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词/副词比较级+than”的结构。
I am much better than I was yesterday. 我比昨天好多了。
Math is less interesting than English. 数学不如英语有趣。
最高级 表示一定范围内两者以上的比较时,用最高级,通常用“the+形容词/副词最高级(+名词)+ of (in) ...”的结构(副词最高级前可省略定冠词the)。
This is the busiest day of the week. 这是我本周最繁忙的一天。
My sister sings best in my family. 我妹妹是我们家唱歌最好的。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级变化规则
规则变化
(1) 单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。
tall-taller-tallest hard-harder-hardest。
(2) 以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。
brave-braver-bravest。
(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词,双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est。
big-bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest
(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。
happy-happier-happiest
(5) 其他双音节词和多音节的词,在前面加more和most。
interesting-more interesting-most interesting
carefully-more carefully-most carefully
不规则变化
good/well-better-best
bad/ill/ badly-worse-worst
many/much-more-most
little-less-least  
far-farther-farthest
4. 形容词和副词的比较级的用法
(1) 同级比较结构“as/ so+原级+as... ”前可用just,almost,nearly,half等表示程度。
He doesn’t study half so hard as you. 他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。
(2). 表示倍数的比较级用法
1). A is …times the size / height / length / width of B.(the+名词)
The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)。
2). A is …times as big / high / long / wide / large as B.(as?as中间+原级)
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)。
3). A is …times larger / higher / longer / wider than B.(倍数+比较级)
Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
4) 两者相比表示倍数的时候用twice (...times) as+原级+as结构。
His mistakes are twice as many as yours in the homework。
他家庭作业的错误是你的二倍。
(3) 比较级前用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。
The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大多了。
We will come back a little later. 我们会稍迟一点回来。
(4) 比较级前用any和no来修饰。
We were too tired to walk any farther. 我们太疲劳了不能再走很远了。
He was no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子。
(5) 两个形容词和副词的比较级叠加表示“越来越”的意思。
其结构:比较级+and+比较级,多音节词可用more and more+比较级结构。
The days are getting longer and longer. 天正变得越来越长了。
Your sister becomes more and more beautiful. 你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。
(6) 表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”的结构。
The harder you works, the more you will get. 你越努力学习,你得到的就越多。
(7) 当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他的城市大。
如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,所以可以不用other或者else。
Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang. 上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。
5. 最高级的用法
表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of(in)短语来说明比较的范围。“A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of(in)……”
Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
She is the youngest in the class.
她是班里最年轻的。
Tom is the happiest of us all.
汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。
This park is the most beautiful of the three.
这个花园是这三个中最漂亮的。
(1) of…和in…的区别:“of+复数”表示“在……之中的”;“在……中”
of the four… 在四个之中
of all(people)在所有的人之中
of all the boys 在所有的男孩中
of us 在我们之中
of all things 在所有的事情当中
(2) “in+范围、场所”,表示“在……之中”;“在……之内”
in the house 在家中
in China 在中国
in the world 在世界上
in our school 在我们学校
in my family 在我们家
(3) one of the +最高级,表示“是最……之一者”;后面要加上名词的复数,即为“one of the +最高级+复数名词”
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之—。
Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.
我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之—。
One of the most important languages is English in the world.
世界上最重要的语言之一是英语。
(4)“most+复数名词”和“most of the+复数名词,或者most of+代词,表示“大多数,大部分的……”
Most people like apples.
大多数人喜欢苹果。
Most of the boys are good.
大多数的男孩都是好样的。
Most of them/his books were written here.
他的大部分书是在这儿写的。
(5) 可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级的用法
最高级:She is the best in her class. 她是她们班最好的学生。
比较级:She is better than any other student in her class.
或:No other student in her class is better than she.
原级:No other student in her class is as good as she.
(6) Which(Who)is +the +最高级
which和what在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which,从不定数中做选择时用what,但有时并没有区分得那么清楚,当询问三者以上时用which。
意思是三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个(人)最为……呢?”
--Which is the biggest of the five apples? 这五个苹果中哪一个最大?
--The first one(is) 第一个。
--Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephant? 马、羊和大象哪一个最沉?
--The elephant(is) 大象。
6. 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序:限定词 → 表示数量形容词→描述性形容词 →表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等形容词→表示颜色的形容词 → 表示类别的形容词(如:国籍) → 表示类别的名词(如:木)→ 表示用途(如:写) → 中心名词。
限定词(these,those…)+ 数量形容词(three)+ 描述性形容词(beautiful)+表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等形容词(young,large,long,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+ 国籍(Chinese)+ 材料(wood)+ 用途(writing)+ 被修饰的中心名词(desk)。
These three beautiful 1arge old red Chinese wood writing desk are very beautiful.
【温馨提示】
(1) 可以通过opshacorn(为帮助记忆而杜撰的词)记住形容词排列顺序。
op:opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如horrible,1ovely,nice等;
sh:shape,指表示形状的形容词,如10ng,short,round,narrow等;
a:age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如o1d,new,young等;
c:color,表示颜色的形容词,如red,black,orange等;
o:origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;
m:material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,wood等。
当这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列。
如:an ice long new black British plastic pen.一般在实际语言使用中不太可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况,这里所举的例子主要是帮助同学们掌握形容词作定语的排列顺序。
another three English books 另外三本英语书
all these last few days 最近的这些日子
some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花
a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙
a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车
(2) 还可以通过口诀记忆:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词) + 数词 (序数词、基数词) +描绘性形容词 (nice,good,interesting,beautiful...) + 特征形容词 (大小、长短、高低+形状+年龄、新旧) +颜色+国籍、出处+物质材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
7. 注意副词的两种形式
副词有两种形式,一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-1y,另一种形式与形容词相同,这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同,应加以注意。常见的有:
close接近(指距离)—closely 仔细地,密切地
free免费一freely 自由地,自如地
deep深一deeply 深刻地,深入地
hard努力地—— bardly几乎不
wide宽阔-- Widely广泛地
high高一 highly高度地
1ate晚、迟一 1ately近来
near邻近-- nearly几乎
most最-- mostly主要地;绝大多数地
easy 从容地--easlly容易地
另外,有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。也就是说,有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有:early,straight,s10W,enough,fast,hard,10ng,nrm等。
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”
在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
2. 在比较级前面使用much,表示程度“强得多”。
A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. 西瓜比苹果大多了。
3. 形容词比较级前可以用a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,even等。
只能修饰原级的词通常有:almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,rather,very,half,twice,three times,a third等
只能修饰原级的词通常有:almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,rather,very,half,twice,three times,a third等
修饰形容词原级的副词有:very,too,quite,so等。
修饰形容词比较级的副词有:rather,much,even,a little等。
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
4. very;quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
very和quite通常不用于修饰比较级,但有一个例外,即可说quite better(指身体康复)。I’m quite better now. 我现在好多了。
需要注意的是,虽然quite一般不用于修饰比较级,但却可以修饰最高级。
It’s quite the worst play I have ever seen. 这的确是我看过的戏当中最差的出戏。
5. nearly,far,much,mostly,almost等可修饰最高级
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
(1) very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
(2) 序数词通常只修饰最高级
Africa is the second largest continent.
6. 形容词和副词的位置问题
形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或者在句子之首。此外还有以下几种特殊情况:
1) 形容词短语作定语时后置。
2) 表语形容词只能作后置定语(以a打头的形容词一般是表语形容词,如:alive,asleep,awake,alone)。
the way ahead; the example above;the city alone;the boy awake。
3) 形容词修饰something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时要后置。
something new;something important。
4) present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。
5) 副词修饰动词时,放在动词之后。
6) enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置,修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。
7. 避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
8. 避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger than any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
9. 对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
10. 避免混用表示倍数的三个句型
1) times as + 形容词原级 + as: This table is 3 times as big as that one.
2) times the + 性质名词 + of: This table is 3 times the size of that one.
3) times + 形容词比较级 + than:This table is twice bigger than that one.
11.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
Who is taller, Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
12. much作副词的问题
(1)修饰比较级:“much + 比较级”的意思是“更……”;“……得多”。
It’s much colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。
(2)修饰原级:主要见于由过去分词转化来的形容词。
I was much annoyed. 我很不高兴。
She wasn’t much surprised. 她并不太惊讶。
(3)修饰最高级:much修饰最高级应置于最高级前的定冠词之前,而不是之后。“much + the + 最高级”的意思是“最最……”;“绝对是最……”。
This is much the most difficult. 这是最最难的
(4)much作副词:常与否定动词连用;与作形容词的过去分词以及以a开头的表语形容词连用;与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。
much修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不能用于肯定句中(除非前面有 very,too,so 等之类的修饰语)。
She doesn’t much like him. 她不太喜欢他。
Does she much like him? 她很喜欢他吗?
She likes him very/too/so much. 她非常喜欢他 /太喜欢他了。
不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词,通常只限于admire, affect, appreciate, dislike, enjoy, look forward to, prefer, regret等少数动词,且much通常只能放在句中,不放在句末。
We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。
知识点一 多个形容词作定语时的位置关系
例1:________students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
【答案】A
【解析】句意:十名年轻的中国学生被要求参加划船比赛。根据多个形容词作定语的位置排列顺序(限定词 → 表示数量形容词→描述性形容词 → 表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等→ 表示颜色的形容词 → 表示类别的形容词(如:国籍) → 表示类别的名词(如:木)→ 表示用途(如:写) → 中心名词。):ten (数量),strong (描绘性形容词),young (年龄),Chinese (国籍)。故选择答案为A。
变式训练1:
1)John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car.
A. large German white B. large white German
C. which large German D. German large white
【答案】B
【解析】句意:约翰·史密斯,一个成功的商人,有一辆白色的大轿车。多个形容词作定语时的位置关系, (见例题1解析)。按“大小+颜色+产地(国籍)”的顺序排列:large表大小,white表颜色,German表国籍。故选择答案为B。
2)The __________ looks as if it hasn’t been lived in for years.
A. wooden little house B. wooden large house
C. house large wooden D. little wooden house
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个木制小房子看上去好像多年没人住过了。多个形容词作定语时的位置关系, (见例题1解析)。按“大小 + 表示类别的名词”的顺序排列。故选择答案为D
知识点二 形容词与副词最新热点
例2:It’s _______ any wonder that his friend doesn't like watching television much.
A. no B. Such C. nearly D. hardly
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他的朋友不太喜欢看电视,这一点也不奇怪。no为形容词,相当于not any或not a,所以不可选用,可以用于It’s no wonder that…;根据题意,该句的从句是否定的意思,为此要使用表示否定的词,即:否定副词hardly,相当于almost not。故选择答案为D。
变式训练2:
1)Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _________to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
【答案】A
【解析】句意:艾伦不得不叫一辆出租车,因为箱子太重了,一路搬回家搬不动的。根据句子结构,空白处应为一项形容词或形容词短语作表语。根据句意和选项,heavy 应为中心词,much too修饰形容词heavy,并且置于其前。而too much一般修饰动词和不可数名词。too heavy much 为一错误排列。故选择答案为A。
2)The great success of this program has been ________ due to the support given by the local business men.
A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个项目之所以取得成功,在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。她毕业后开始动作,选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度;选项 B只能修饰形容词或副词,而不能修饰动词;选项C表示行动的敏捷;选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思。故选择答案为D。
知识点三 much作副词的问题
例3:Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _________ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
【答案】A
【解析】句意:玛丽不断地称自己的体重,看看体重增了多少。much不能修饰一般形容词、副词的原级形式。much作副词时:1)常与否定动词连用,2)与作形容词的过去分词以及以a开头的表语形容词连用:3)与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。可以说how heavy,但是不可以说how much heavy。另外,本题的语境也决定了Mary想要知道的是自己体重的变化情况。如果不是用how much ,而用how,则可以跟heavy 。Mary weighed herself to see how heavy she was.玛丽称了一下,看自己的体重是多少。故选择答案为A。
变式训练3:
1)--This book is _________ more useful for us students.
--Yes, but it is _________ too difficult.
A. quite, quite B. much, much C. rather, quite D. quite, much
【答案】B
【解析】句意:--这本书对我们学生来说更有用。--是的,但是太难了。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气,但是修饰比较级或副词too(太)时,要用rather 或 much,而不用 quite。 选择答案为B。
2)We would _________ to be given money.
A. prefer much B. much preferer C. preferer much D. much prefer
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我们还是更喜欢有人给我们钱。不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词,通常只限于admire,affect,appreciate,dislike,enjoy, look forward to,prefer,regret等少数动词,且much通常只能放在句中,不放在句末。故选择答案为D。
知识点四 形容词与副词比较级
例4:Of the two toys, the child chose ________.
A. the most expensive one B. the less expensive one
C. a less expensive one D. the most expensive of them
比较级 答案:B 指导:前文指在两个玩具中选择,所以是比较级。the less expensive one,“那个较便宜的”。选项C表示一个较便宜的,没有明确选择范围。
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在这两个玩具中,孩子挑选的是便宜的。故选择答案为B。
变式训练4:
1)--Peter, why didn't you go to the flower show?
--I think it's something _______ pleasant.
A. far more B. far less C. too much D. much too
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—彼得,你为什么不去看花展呢?—我认为这不是太令人愉快的事情。less用作副词时修饰形容词、副词或动词,意为“不如……,较少……”。far意为“很,远远地”修饰形容词、副词及其比较级、最高级。根据语境“你没有去看花展”可排除A和D两项。too much修饰不可数名词或独立使用。故选择答案为B。
2)--How much do you like your car?
-- ______ I would have paid ______ for it.
A. Very much; as twice much B. Very much; twice as much
C. Wonderful ; twice as much D. Wonderful; even more
【答案】B
【解析】句意:--你有多喜欢你的车?--特别喜欢,我很愿意为它花两倍的钱。回答“How much… like…”问句,需使用副词,故排除了Wonderful.“倍数词 + as(as..)”意为“是……的几倍”。注意区别:How do you like…? 你认为……怎么样?故选择答案为B
知识点五 形容词修饰不定代词的位置
例5:--Be quiet please!
--I have ________ to tell you.
A. important something B. nothing C. something important D. important
【答案】C
【解析】句意:请安静!我有重要的事情要告诉你们。形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词需要后置。所以选择答案C。
变式训练5:
1)Is there _________ on TV tonight?
A. important something B. important anything
C. good anything D. anything good
【答案】D
【解析】句意:今晚电视有好节目吗? 形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词需要后置。故选择D。
2)Apart from the bus arriving late, _________seemed to be going according to plan.
A. else anything B. everything else
C. else something D. else everything
【答案】B
【解析】句意:除了公共汽车晚点外,其他一切似乎都按计划进行。Else既是副词,也是形容词,此处修饰不定代词为形容词,根据形容词修饰不定代词需后置,故选择B。
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1. The shoes are ________ small for me.
A. too much B. much C. so that D. much too
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这鞋子我穿太小了。much too与too much词序不同,用法也不同。从句法功能上看,much too的用法与too相同,但比too的语气更强;而too much在用法上则与much相同,但比much 语气更强。 选择答案为D。
2. Exercise is _______ as any other to lose unwanted weight.
A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
【答案】C
【解析】句意:运动与其他任何减肥方法一样都是有效的减肥方法。用固定语序as/so + adj + a(n) + 名词。故选择答案C。
3. His laziness at work made him _______ with his workmates.
A. distrusted B. disliked C. unpopular D. unwelcome
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他的工作懒惰使他不受同事们的欢迎。be popular with sb.受某人欢迎(喜爱)。welcome 的常见说法:sb. Is welcome to do sth./to sth.被允许的;可随意使用的。如:You are welcome to (use) anything here.这儿的任何东西你尽管使用好了。故选择答案为C。
4. I'd like to buy a house-modern, comfortable, and ________ in a quiet neighborhood.
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
【答案】B
【解析】句义:我想买一套现代化、舒适的房子,最重要的是在一个安静的小区里。选项A的意思是:总计,共计;B的意思是:首先,最重要的是;C的意思是:毕竟,终究;D的意思是:根本,全然(一般用于否定句中)。根据句子的意思,故选择答案B。
5. The number of people present at the concert was________ than expected. There were many tickets left.
A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more
【答案】A
【解析】句意:出席音乐会的人数比预期的要少得多。还有很多票剩下了。根据英语表示数字大小的习惯,排除选项B和D;根据下文many tickets left的意思,选择答案A。
6. My friend Paul was cheated when he paid $2,000 for that second-hand car; it was not worth _______.
A. that all much B. all that much C. that much all D. much all that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的朋友保罗被骗了,他为那辆二手车付了2000美元,它不值得那么多钱的。all that这里为副词修饰形容词much,一起作worth的表语。故选择D。
7. I think your sister is old enough to know ______to spend all her money on beautiful dresses.
A. other than B. rather than C. better than D. more than
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我想你妹妹已经长大了,不该把所有的钱都花在买漂亮衣服上了。 know better (than that/than to do sth.) 明白事理而不至于……”,又如:You ought to know better (than to trust her)。你应当明白(她这个人不能相信)。故选择答案C。
8. This is _______novel. Would you like to read it?
A. an Australian new interesting historical B. A new interesting historical Australian
C. an interesting new Australian historical D. A historical interesting new Australian
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这是一部澳大利亚新的有趣的历史小说。你想看吗?根据前面讲到的形容词排序的原则(限定词 → 表示数量形容词→描述性形容词 → 表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等→ 表示颜色的形容词 → 表示类别的形容词(如:国籍) → 表示类别的名词(如:木)→ 表示用途(如:写) → 中心名词),选择答案C。
9. The Sinai Peninsula, which was returned to Egypt in 1982, is _______ .
A. as three times large as Israel B. three times large than Israel
C. three times Israel's size D. the size of Israel's three times
【答案】C
【解析】句意:1982年回归埃及的西奈半岛是以色列的三倍。此处考查的是比较结构的构成:量词词组+ as + adj原级,或量词词组+ adj.比较级+ than(倍数表达可以用A is 倍数+形容词比较级+than B / A is 倍数+as 形容词原级 as B / A is 倍数+ the size of B 或者 A is 倍数+ B's size)。故选择C。
10. Wouldn’t it be _________ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport.
A. free B. vacant C. handy D. convenient
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你四点来接我,送我去机场会方便吗?free自由的,空闲的;vacant空缺的,空白的;handy便于使用的,便利的,可携带的;轻便的,convenient方便的,D项符合题意。故选择答案D。
11. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _________ voice.
A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音。A容易误选D,认为最高级前要用定冠词。其实此题最佳答案为A,该句“…I have never heard a better voice than her voice”省略。故选择答案A。
12. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _______ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然怀特教授写了一些短篇小说,但他的戏剧更出名。首先B和D要排除,因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known,有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known,但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是选A还是C,这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象,故应选比较级。所以选择答案C。
13. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
【答案】D
【解析】句意:据报道,美国使用的能源是整个欧洲的两倍。表示倍数的twice (两倍) 要放在第一个as前,即“倍数+ as +形容词 (+名词) +as”。故选择答案D。
14. 10,000 dollars is a large sum of money, but it is still ________ than we need for a new house
A. very few B. very little C. far fewer D. far less
【答案】D
【解析】句意:10000美元虽然是一大笔钱,但是与我们要买新房子所需相比还远远不够。由 than 可知应用比较级,排除A和B;money的数量多少应用little比较级为less,故选择D。
15. The experiment was _________ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这项实验比我们预想的要容易得多。much可修饰比较级,因此B和C都说得通,但easier本身就已经是比较级了,不需再用more来修饰(不可以重复修饰),所以,答案A、B均排除,答案D错误(有much more, 没有more much)。故选择答案C。
16. I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem _________all the time.
A. to get worse B. to have got worse
C. that it is getting worse D. to be getting worse
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我宁愿看书也不愿看电视,电视节目似乎每况愈下。A项应是to get worse and worse;B选项不符合;C项的正确表达应该是:it seems that programs are getting worse.故选择D。
17. Because of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5 hours, so the __________ speed was 56 kph.
A. basic B. whole C. total D. average
【答案】D
【解析】句意:由于下雪,他在5小时内只行驶了280公里,所以平均车速是每小时56公里。该题意在检测形容词词意,A基本的,B全程的,C总的,D平均的。故选择D。
18. We would __________ to be given money.
A. more prefer B. much prefer C. prefer much D. prefer more
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们还是更喜欢有人给我们钱。prefer意为“宁愿要”或““更喜欢”,与“like…better”意思比较接近,但使用不同。prefer后面可以接名词,不定式或V·ing形式构成动宾结构;与much连用的结构是much prefer + to+动词原型。所以,答案B符合要求,故选择B。
19. I don’t want to buy the pair of shoes, they're too loose. I need ____________.
A. one size small B. one size smaller
C. one smaller size D. one small size
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我不想买那双鞋,太大了,我需要小一号的。从句意可以看出,我需要的是比这双鞋小一号的,所以要用比较级,因此排除答案A和D。答案C的意思是一双小号的(小一点号),而不是强调比较的意思,文中强调的是比这双小一号,因此只有B是对的。故选择答案B。
20. ---Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
---I couldn't agree __________. The idea sounds great to me.
A. much B. worse C. more D. at all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:---等我们得到满意的答复,好吗?---我完全同意。我觉得这个主意很好。I couldn't agree more的意思是:我非常同意。根据句意选项C符合句意,故选择答案C。
二、句型训练(Fill in the blanks according to the Chinese given in brackets)
1. Of the three boys, Nick is __________. (最最聪明)
【答案】much the cleverest
【解析】 much修饰最高级时,要置于最高级前的定冠词之前。“much + the + 最高级”的意思是“最最……”“绝对是最……”。(这三个男孩中,尼克最最聪明。)
2. These factors have _________ the building of nuclear plants. (极大地影响)
【答案】much affected
【解析】much修饰动词时,通常只用于否定句或疑问句中,一般不用于肯定句中(除非前面有 very, too, so 等之类的修饰语)。但不带修饰语的much有时也能在肯定句中修饰动词,通常只限于admire, affect, appreciate, dislike, enjoy, look forward to, prefer, regret等少数动词。(这些因素极大地影响了核电站的建立。)
3. The patient is _________ this morning. (几乎相同)
【答案】much the same
【解析】much修饰the same,意为“情况大致相同”、“几乎差不多”、“没什么变化”。(今天早上病人情况几乎没什么变化。)
4. __________as I’d like to help, there isn’t a lot I can do. (虽然)
【答案】Much
【解析】much as在此处可视为习语,其意思为“虽然”,用法与though相似。(尽管我愿意帮忙,却没有很多事我能做。)
5. They offer help and advice to _________ in becoming a teacher. (感兴趣的人)
【答案】 anyone interested
【解析】根据句子主语和介词in的宾语可知被主语提供帮助的是对成为一名教师感兴趣的任何人(应该是不定代词anyone),不定代词修饰形容词感兴趣的(interested),形容词需要后置。(他们向有兴趣成为教师的人提供帮助和建议。)
6. There isn't __________ in today's newspaper.(没什么新的)
【答案】anything new
【解析】形容词被不定代词修饰时,形容词需要后置,如:something new;nothing wrong;everything else。(今天的报纸上没什么新消息。)
7. America is one of _________ countries for China. (最重要的)
【答案】 the most important
【解析】最高级的表达方式用定冠词+-est(单音节词),或者定冠词+most+原级(多音节词)。(对中国而言,美国是最重要的国家之—。)
8. ---The young man is good at a lot of things but you can't say he is ________.(完美的)
---I agree with you. Actually no one is.
【答案】 perfec
【解析】perfect意为“完美的,无缺点的”。(---这个年轻人许多事都很擅长,但是不能说他是完美无缺的。---我非常同意,事实上没有人是完美的。)
9. --Is the flower beautiful?
--Yes. At least it's no _______ than the one I bought yesterday. (bad)
【答案】worse
【解析】no worse than的意思是“不比……差”。(这些花漂亮吗?还行,至少不比我昨天买的差。)
10. ---Are you pleased with what he has done?
---Not in the least. It couldn't be _______. (已经坏到极至了)
【答案】any worse
【解析】 根据上下文,可以分析出回答部分的意思是一点都不满意,worse是bad的比较级,可用于表达比较级或最高级,此处“坏到极至了”的表达方式是It couldn't be any worse。(你对他的所作所为感到满意吗?一点也不满意,他的所作所为不可能再坏了。)
三、Translate the following into Chinese(英译汉)
1. My father is the tallest in my family.
在我家里,我父亲个子最高。
2. That’s much the best plan.
那绝对是最好的计划。
3. It was much worse than I thought.
它比我想像的还要糟得多。
4. We will be a much better football team next year.
明年我们将会成为一支更好的足球队。
5. There's nothing wrong with the data.
这个数据没有错。
6. Can you ask someone else to help you? I'm really busy now.
你能请别人帮你吗?我现在真地很忙
7. Much as he admired her looks and her manners,he had no wish to marry her.
虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态,他却无心和她结婚。
8. Whichever method you use, the result is much the same.
不论你用哪一种方法,结果都差不多。
9. They’re very much in love with each other.
他们彼此在热恋中。
10. Much to my surprise, she did it by herself.
让我极为惊讶的是,这竟然是她自己做的。
四、Translate the following into English(汉译英)
1. 他开车开得太快了。
He drives much too fast.
2. 你想喝点什么吗?
Would you like something to drink?
3. 她并不太惊讶。
She wasn’t much surprised.
4. 这婴儿长得不大像你。
The baby doesn’t look much like you.
5. 这是最最难的。
This is much the most difficult.
6. 那绝对是最好的计划。
That’s much the best plan.
7. 我并不认为这种电池非常好。
I don’t think this battery is much good.
8. 新学校与老学校区别不太大。
The new school isn’t much different from the old one.
9. 这东西太重,你拿不起来。
This is much too heavy for you to lift.
10. 我们不能再给您添麻烦了,您已经给我们的太多了。
We can't give you any more trouble, you have given us too much.

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