2019备战高考英语介词和介词短语专题-能力提升练习(含解析)
一、单选题
1.How I wish every family ___________a large house with a garden with beautiful flowers ______ in it!
A.?has; to grow??????????????B.?had; growing??????????????C.?will have; growing??????????????D.?had had; grew
2.—Oh, I can't decide which coat to choose.
—Take the blue one, as the colour looks good ???????your skin.
A.?over????????????????????????????????????B.?against????????????????????????????????????C.?on????????????????????????????????????D.?for
3.________ must you destroy the environment when you do it.
A.?In no time????????????????B.?With no doubt????????????????C.?For no reason????????????????D.?On no account
4.I'm glad to get together to offer our ________ our homeland's success ________ competition.
A.?congratulation to; for
B.?congratulations on; in
C.?congratulations to; in
D.?congratulation on; for
5.A good many things in the world cannot be considered and valued ________ money.
A.?in terms of??????????????????????B.?in short of??????????????????????C.?in charge of??????????????????????D.?in case of
6.It was kind ______ you to comfort me when I was deep in sorrow.
A.?of????????????????????????????????????????B.?for????????????????????????????????????????C.?with????????????????????????????????????????D.?to
7.What our school ________ is that more than 60% of the students can enter the key universities every year.
A.?is tired of?????????????????????B.?takes proud in?????????????????????C.?is proud of?????????????????????D.?is short of
8.Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back ______ a big tree.
A.?in??????????????????????????????????B.?below??????????????????????????????????C.?beside??????????????????????????????????D.?against
9.—Why are you standing the street in such hot weather?
—I just can't help it. I am appointed to interview people ________ to learn about the customers' feedback on our products.
A.?at random??????????????????????????B.?at hand??????????????????????????C.?at best??????????????????????????D.?at intervals
10.—For weeks after the crash, divers had searched accessible areas ________ for the body of the Indian man who was a Concordia waiter.
—Yes, they did their best and were not to blame for the unfortunate result.
A.?in reward?????????????????????????B.?in trouble?????????????????????????C.?in vain?????????????????????????D.?in reality
11.The debate here will be limited in two main respects ???????the time available.
A.?in view of????????????????B.?in return for????????????????C.?in addition to????????????????D.?in comparison with
12.The pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions _______ equality, and this _________ leads to further sharing.
A.?accounts for; in return?????????????????????????????????????B.?differs from; in turn???
C.?makes for; in turn?????????????????????????????????????????????D.?arises from; in return
13.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour.
A.?by????????????????????????????????????????B.?in????????????????????????????????????????C.?for????????????????????????????????????????D.?until
14.—Do you enjoy seeing foreign films?
—Yes. Some of them are good and the film Transformers: The Last Knight,???is excellent.
A.?in common????????????????????????B.?in total????????????????????????C.?in particular????????????????????????D.?in general
15.When reading ???????the lines, readers can connect the literature to their own experience.
A.?with?????????????????????????????????????B.?for?????????????????????????????????????C.?beyond?????????????????????????????????????D.?on
16.Most people work because it's unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.
A.?As a result????????????????????B.?In addition????????????????????C.?By contrast????????????????????D.?In conclusion
17.Lucy was born ______ January 30th, 1998, when her sister got married ______ a fashion designer.
A.?in; to?????????????????????????????B.?on; to?????????????????????????????C.?at; with?????????????????????????????D.?around; with
18.The United States is ______ the continent of North America and ______ the east of Japan.
A.?to; in???????????????????????????????B.?on; to???????????????????????????????C.?in; beside???????????????????????????????D.?at; on
19.— who will be_______our class when Mr. Li goes to Beijing for further education?
— Mrs. Zhang
A.?in return for?????????????????B.?in the charge of?????????????????C.?in charge of?????????????????D.?in the act of
20.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ? ? ? ?? them.
A.?? to follow????????????????????????B.?? following????????????????????????C.?? followed????????????????????????D.?? follows
21.A monument______ our heroes in the Anti-Japanese War was built up last year.
A.?in favor of???????????????????B.?in honor of???????????????????C.?in possession of???????????????????D.?in terms of
22.—Does the young man standing there ________ the company?
—No, the company is ________ his father.
A.?in possession of; in the possession of????????????B.?take possession of; in the possession of
C.?take possession of; in possession of???????????????D.?have possession of; in possession of
23.With all the housework _______, mum sighed in relief.
A.?finished??????????????????????B.?was finished??????????????????????C.?to be finished??????????????????????D.?finishing
24.Australian English differs ________ pronunciation ________ British and American English.
A.?in; from???????????????????????B.?from; in???????????????????????C.?in; between???????????????????????D.?from; between
25.The famous film star was blamed for avoiding taxes that she was supposed to pay, and she has said nothing ???????herself ever since.
A.?in charge of???????????????????B.?in case of???????????????????C.?in defence of???????????????????D.?in memory of
26.—What was the party like?
—Wonderful. It is years________I enjoyed myself so much.
A.?after??????????????????????????????????B.?when??????????????????????????????????C.?before??????????????????????????????????D.?since
27.Some kinds of birds in winter fly to the south to ________the cold in the north.
A.?get away from???????????????B.?come up with???????????????C.?break away from???????????????D.?put up with
二、语法填空
28.Our appetite for new products also contributes________ the problem.
29.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun ________each other.
30.The school is located ________?the suburbs.
31.We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard ________ the Yangtze River.
32.Absorbed ________ painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
33.The country consists ________ nearly 200 islands.
34.There were scores of scenes in this film where I was moved ________ tears.
35.My teacher has a great influence ________ me.Without his instruction, I doubt if I could be so successful.
36.You'd better limit yourself________ 5 kilometers a day so that you won't feel exhausted after jogging.
37.My eyes had to adjust ________the darkness inside.
答案解析部分
一、单选题
1.【答案】B
【考点】虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
【解析】【分析】句意:我多么希望每个家庭都能有一种带有大花园的大房子啊!根据句意说明是对现在的情况的虚拟,故第一空使用一般过去时态;第二空是with的复合结构,with+宾语+doing sth.表示主动关系,“有美丽的花在里面种着”,故B正确。
【点评】考查虚拟语气,本题涉及I wish后面的从句的虚拟语气和with复合结构。
2.【答案】B
【考点】常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意:—哦,我不知道选哪件外套。—拿蓝色的,因为这颜色衬托你的皮肤好看。against介词,有“对照;对比:以…的布景或背景相对比,在…的衬托下”之意,根据句意可知,是蓝色显得你的肤色更好。故选B项。
【点评】考查介词,区分over,against,on,for的含义。
3.【答案】D
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】考查介词短语。句意:当你做的时候你绝不能毁坏环境。on no account意为“决不”,符合语境,当它位于句首时句子用部分倒装,故选D。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解句义的基础上,进一步牢固掌握四个选项中的介词短语的含义及用法。
4.【答案】B
【考点】常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】考查名词短语。congratulation“祝贺”固定的祝贺格式,通常用名词的复数形式,排除AD选项;就某件事向某人祝贺: congratulations to sb. on sth.故排除C项。句意:我很高兴我们聚在一起祝贺祖国在比赛中的胜利。根据句意可知B正确。
5.【答案】A
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意为:世界上有很多东西不是用金钱来衡量的。in terms of就……而论;in short of缺少;不足;in charge of负责;主管;in case of如果;假如。故A项符合句意。
6.【答案】A
【考点】介词
【解析】【分析】句意:当我陷入深深地悲伤时,你能来安慰我太友善了。it is +adj of sb.to sth结构中,形容词多是修饰人,表明人所具有的品质、特点。it is +adj. for sb. to do sth.结构中,形容词多是修饰物,表示不定式短语内容所体现出的特点。此处kind是具备的品质,故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析,以及句型it is +adj of sb.to sth.和it is +adj. for sb. to do sth.的区别。
7.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意为:我们学校引以为荣的是每年都有超过60%的学生进入名牌大学。be proud of=take pride in为……感到骄傲/自豪。be tired of对……厌烦;be short of缺乏。
8.【答案】D
【考点】简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意:非常累, 吉姆背靠着大树睡着了。against “靠着”,with +宾语+介词短语,表示状态。故选D。
【点评】考查介词辨析,区分in;below;beside;against的含义。
9.【答案】A
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】考查介词短语。句意:—为什么这么热的天你还站在街上?—我也是不得已。我被安排随机采访路人以了解客户对我们产品的反馈。A项表示“随意地”;B项是“在手头,即将到来”;C项表示“充其量,最多”;D项是“不时地”,依照语境A项适合。
10.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:—车祸后数星期,为了找到那名印度人,一个Concordia服务员的尸体,潜水员们徒劳地搜寻了能进入的区域。—是的,他们竭尽全力,不应该因为不幸的结果受到责备。A. in reward“作为报答”;B. in trouble“处于困境中”;C. in vain“徒劳地”;D. in reality“事实上”。根据下一句中the unfortunate result及语境可推知,这种搜索是徒劳的,故选C。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析,区分in reward;in trouble;in vain;in reality的含义。
11.【答案】A
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:鉴于可利用的时间,这里的辩论将被限制在两个主要方面。A. in view of”鉴于,考虑到“;B. in return for”作为……的报答“;C. in addition to”除……之外“;D. in comparison with”与……比较“。故选A。
【点评】考查固定短语,区分in view of,in return for,in addition to,in comparison with的含义。
12.【答案】C
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语,动词短语的辨析
【解析】【分析】C考查词组。A. accounts for占…比例,说明; in return作为回报? B. differs from与…不同; in turn? 反过来,轮流 C. makes for导致,有助于; in turn? 反过来,轮流? D. arises from由…引起; in return作为回报。句意:在任务和决策中的共享模式有助于平等,这反过来又导致进一步分享。故选C。
13.【答案】B
【考点】介词
【解析】【分析】句意:Jane很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时以后就要出发了。本题的关键是the train to the airport leaves火车将要离开;在这句话里使用了一般现在时代替将来时,表示按照车站的时间表列车进出。实际上本句是一个将来时,四个选项里只有“in+一段时间”可以和将来时连用。故B正确。
【点评】考查介词辨析,区分by,in,for,until的含义和用法,本题涉及介词in表示将来。
14.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】考查固定的介词短语。A. in common共同的;B. in total总计;C. in particular尤其,特别;D. in general通常。句意:——你喜欢看外国电影吗?——是的,一些是很好的,电影Transformers: The Last Knight特别优秀。此处表示在众多电影中尤其好,故答案为C.
【点评】本题主要从句意入手,并把握选项短语的含义,因为这几个短语都是常用短语。
15.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:当读者读出言外之意时,他们可以将文学与他们自己的经历联系起来。 beyond thelines“言外之意”是固定短语。故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析,以及固定短语beyond thelines。
16.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的,相反,有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思,可以知道前后是表示对比。A意为结果, B意为此外, C意为相反, D意为结论。“不可避免”表述到一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种否定,所以答案只能是选C。
【点评】本题关键词是不可避免unavoidable.本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查,四个选项意思都是相差很大的,该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的,另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。
17.【答案】B
【考点】常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】考查介词辨析。句意:露西出生在1998年1月30日,那时他的姐姐嫁给了时尚设计师。在具体某一天使用介词on;与某人结婚get married to sb.故选B。
18.【答案】B
【考点】常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】,句意: 美国在北美洲的大陆上和日本的东部。on the continent of”在大陆上“,to the east ,”不在.......之内“,不接壤,故选B
【点评】考查介词,区分to,in,on,beside的含义以及on the continent of,to the east 。
19.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为“当刘老师去北京进修的时候,谁来负责我们班呢?”“赵老师负责”。 in charge of意为主管...,看管...,宾语是被看管的人和物,符合句意。in the charge of意为(某事)由(某人)负责,in return for意为作为回报, in the act of意为正要做(某事)。故选C。
20.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:这对老夫妇经常晚饭后带着他们的狗散步。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补,这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系,所以用following,选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词,本题涉及with的复合结构,以及现在分词作宾语补足语。
21.【答案】B
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】A. in favor of? 赞成;? B. in honor of向---表示敬意、为纪念; C. in possession of 拥有;?? D. in terms of就---而言。句意:为纪念抗日战争中的英雄们所建的一个纪念碑去年建成了。故答案为B。
【点评】本题难度适中,重点掌握句意,本题所涉及的四个短语都是常用短语,要加以背诵记忆。
22.【答案】B
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:—站在那里的年轻人掌管这个公司吗?—没有,公司被他父亲掌管。in possession of强调一种状态,take possession of强调一种动作,第一空问他是否掌管公司,是动作,用take possession of,表示主动。第二空根据前面的系动词is,判断用介词短语,in the possession of意思是“被占有”,符合语境。故选B。
23.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:妈妈忙完家务,叹了口气,如释重负。家务被完成,须用过去分词表示被动,不定式表示未完成。选A。
【点评】考查非谓语动词,本题涉及with的复合结构。
24.【答案】A
【考点】介词,常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】考查介词。differ in... sth. from在……上与……是不相同的。句意:澳大利亚英语在拼写上与英国和美国英语是不同的。选A。
25.【答案】C
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】考查介词短语辨析。A项意为:掌管,控制;B项意为:以防,万一;C项意为:以辩护;D项意为:以纪念;句意:这位著名影星被指责为逃避她本来应该支付税收,自此以后 她没有为自己辩护。故答案选C。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析,首先理解每个短语的意思,再根据句意选择符合题意的选项。
26.【答案】D
【考点】介词
【解析】【分析】句意:“聚会怎么样?”“好极了。从上次玩得那么开心到现在已有好长时间了。”表示“自从……以来已有……(时间)”要用“It be+时间段+since...”句型。
27.【答案】A
【考点】介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:一些鸟类冬天飞到南方以躲避北方的寒冷。get away from“离开,逃脱”;come up with“赶上,提出”;break awayfrom“打破,脱离(政党等)”;put up with“容忍,忍受”。
二、语法填空
28.【答案】to
【考点】固定短语,常用介词的辨析
【解析】【分析】句意:我们对新产品的渴望也是造成这一问题的原因。contribute to固定短语,“有助于”,故填to。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语contribute to。
29.【答案】with
【考点】介词和介词短语,语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意:人们喜欢聚在一起吃,喝,一起玩。have fun with玩得高兴,玩得开心,是固定用法,所以填with。
【点评】注意for?fun(为了高兴,为了好玩)与in?fun(不是当真的,闹着玩的,开玩笑地)。
30.【答案】in
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:学校位于郊区。be located in固定短语,“坐落于,位于”,故填in。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语be located in。
31.【答案】to
【考点】介词和介词短语,介词,语法填空
【解析】【分析】句意:就解决长江的所有问题而言,还有很长的路要走。介词短语in regard to是关于的意思,故答案为to。
【点评】考查介词,熟记介词短语。
32.【答案】in
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:约翰全神贯注于绘画,没有注意到傍晚的来临。be aborbed in 固定短语,“专心致志于,全神贯注于”,故填in。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语be aborbed in。
33.【答案】of
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:这个岛屿是由将近20个岛屿组成的。consist of固定短语,“由......组成”,故填of。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语consist of。
34.【答案】to
【考点】固定短语,简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意:这部电影里有许多场景让我感动得泪流满面。be moved to tears 固定短语,“被感动得流下眼泪,感激涕零”,故填to。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语be moved to tears 。
35.【答案】on
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:我的老师对我有很大的影响,没有他的指导,我怀疑我是否能如此成功。have influence on固定短语,“对......有影响”,故填on。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语have influence on。
36.【答案】to
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:你最好把自己限制在每天5公里的范围内,这样你在慢跑后就不会感到筋疲力尽了。limit ...to...,固定短语,“把.....限制到.....”,结合句意可知此处填介词to。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语limit ...to...。
37.【答案】to
【考点】固定短语,介词和介词短语
【解析】【分析】句意:我的眼睛不得不适应内心的黑暗。adjust to固定短语,“适应”,故填to。
【点评】考查介词,以及固定短语adjust to。