Unit 1 Friendship
一、阅读理解。
Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振动). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.
Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturally-made silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web—maybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.
Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship(求爱), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that they’re a male, but they’re the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well.
Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their self-made materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。
1．How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?
A．Through its sense of sight.
B．Through vibrations of its web.
C．Through different frequencies.
D．Through a musical pattern.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B项。
2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A．Insects. B．Strings.
C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food... across their webs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以They指代的是昆虫。
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Silk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.
B．Female spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.
C．Hunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.
D．The tightness of silk can’t be adjusted once it’s made.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。
4．The text mainly tells readers ___________ ．
A．guitars and spider webs are similar
B．spider webs have various functions
C．spiders are skillful in hunting insects
D．vibrations are vital in a spider’s life
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D项正确。
二、单句语法填空
1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________I first came across my new neighbors.
答案：that 本句是强调句。被强调部分是时间状语，故应填that。
2．Lily can't fall asleep, extremely ________ (concern) about the result of her maths test.
答案：concerned 短语be concerned about ... “担忧，挂念……”，本句中逗号后没有连词，故逗号后的部分为状语，此处应用形容词短语作伴随状语。
3．It's no pleasure ________ (go) camping on such a foggy day.
答案：going It's no pleasure doing sth. “做某事没有乐趣”。
4．The little boy is clever enough to have no trouble ________ (find) his house without others' help.
答案：finding have no trouble doing sth. “做某事没困难”。
5．There was no ________ (agree), and the proposal was accepted.
答案：disagreement 由形容词no可知，本空应填名词，再由后一分句“建议被接受了”可知，应填名词disagreement。
6．He happened ________ (know) the secret, so I needn't tell him.
答案：to have known happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”，再由后一并列分句“没有必要告诉他”可知，前一分句谓语部分应用不定式的完成式。
7．He set his alarm clock before going to bed in order ________ (get) up earlier than usual the next morning.
答案：to get in order to do sth. “为了做某事”。
8．Several weeks had gone by ________ they knew the painting was missing.
答案：before before引导的时间状语从句，表示“在……以前”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
9．While ________ (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.
答案：waiting 时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，故从句中省略主语和be动词，填waiting。while waiting可看作是while I was waiting的省略。
10．The windows haven't been cleaned for at least a year and are ________ (dust) now.
答案：dusty dusty “脏的，布满尘土的”，是形容词，在此处作表语。
三、完形填空。
I was looking through some old photo albums the other day.I had __1__ done that many times before but I felt a sudden __2__ to see them again.I found myself __3__ so many beautiful memories from my childhood.There was my dear Nana giving me a thorough __4__ when I was a newborn baby.There was me and my brother standing in front of the world's ugliest __5__ our favorite Christmas tree.There was my beautiful Mom __6__ me on her lap.Then the pictures seemed __7__ all of a sudden because my eyes were wet.I just couldn't __8__ the tears.“What is going on？” I __9__.I hadn't cried the last time.But what was __10__ now?
I soon saw that it was I who changed.I had __11__.My spirit had walked a little further down the __12__ of love.I realized as long as they came with a warm heart，wet eyes were __13__ to be ashamed of.I smiled and I felt Mom and Nana smiling __14__ on me from Heaven.
Leo Buscaglia said：“I'm not afraid of __15__.They clean out my eyeballs.” I think they clean out our __16__ as well.They help us to wash away our pain, fear and grief(悲伤)．They help us to __17__ our love and goodness.They help us to become who we are __18__ to be.The next time you feel your tears starting，just let them __19__.
Life is full of smiles and tears.Only by allowing them both can we __20__ live.
1．A.never B．ever
C．already D．nearly
2．A.appeal B．sadness
C．fear D．urge
3．A.shaping B．reliving
C．escaping D．building
4．A.bath B．speech
C．hug D．survey
5．A.and B．but
C．or D．as
6．A.spinning B．possessing
C．holding D．walking
7．A.beautiful B．blank
C．abnormal D．vague
8．A.fight back B．fight with
C．fight for D．fight against
9．A.found B．wondered
C．hesitated D．discussed
10．A.heartbreaking B．wrong
C．different D．disturbing
11．A.grown B．misunderstood
C．insisted D．struggled
12．A.feast B．path
C．expectation D．circle
13．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
14．A.forward B．upwards
C．down D．behind
15．A.tears B．failures
C．deaths D．illnesses
16．A.competence B．inside
C．identification D．development
17．A.look through B．clean out
C．learn from D．reconnect to
18．A.used B．reminded
C．forced D．meant
19．A.separate B．stay
C．flow D．disappear
20．A.truly B．roughly
C．generally D．tentatively
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。再次看老相册时，作者重温了童年的一些美好回忆，并流下了眼泪。作者从而感悟到生活中充满欢笑和眼泪，只有允许它们两者存在，我们才能真正地生活。
【核心词汇】urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 v．催促，力劝；强烈要求
I had a sudden urge to call him.我突然很想给他打电话。
We should constantly urge ourselves on to study hard.我们应该不断地鞭策自己努力学习。
1．C 根据下文的“many times before”以及“I hadn't cried the last time”可知，作者应该不止一次看这些老相册，故此处表示作者之前已经(already)多次看过这些老相册。
2．D 此处表示作者突然有再次看老相册的冲动(urge)。appeal“恳求”；fear“害怕”。
3．B 此处表示作者重温(reliving)了许多来自童年时期的美好回忆。shape“塑造”；escape“逃避”；build“建造”。
4．A 根据下文的“when I was a newborn baby”可知，此处表示作者还是个新生儿时，奶奶给她彻底洗澡，故选A项。
5．B 空前的“the world's ugliest”和空后的“our favorite”之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。
6．C 根据下文的“on her lap”可知，此处应表示“我漂亮的妈妈把我抱着放在她的腿上”。hold意为“抱着，托着”，符合语境。spin“快速旋转”；possess“拥有”；walk“遛”。
7．D 上文提到了作者正在看老照片，根据下文的“because my eyes were wet...the tears”可知作者流泪了，根据常识可知，此处表示这些老照片变得模糊(vague)了。blank“空白的”；abnormal“不正常的”。
8．A 根据上文的“because my eyes were wet”和下文的“I hadn't cried the last time.But...”可知，作者这次看老照片的时候哭了，此处表示作者遏制不住眼泪。fight back“忍住，抑制住”，符合语境。fight with“与……争辩”；fight for“努力争取”；fight against“对抗”。
9．B 作者以前看老照片没有哭，而这次看老照片却哭了。所以作者想知道(wondered)发生了什么。find“发现，找到”；hesitate“犹豫，迟疑”；discuss“讨论”。
10．C 根据下文的“I soon saw that it was I who changed”可知，作者很快明白，是她自己和以前不一样了。故之前作者想知道的问题是“现在有什么是不同的呢”。故选C项。
11．A 根据下文的“My spirit had walked a little further”可知，此处应表示作者的心灵已经在爱的道路(path)上走得更远了一点了，即作者已经成长(grown)了。
12．B 参见上题解析。feast“宴会”；expectation“期望”； circle“圈子”。
13．D 根据上文的“as long as they came with a warm heart”以及下文的“I smiled”可知，该句表示含泪的眼睛没有什么(nothing)可羞愧的，只要它们伴随着一颗温暖的心而来。
14．C 根据下文的“on me from Heaven”可知，此处表示作者感到妈妈和奶奶从天堂向下(down)冲着自己微笑。
15．A 根据语境尤其是下文的“They clean out my eyeballs”可知，此处表示“眼泪清洗了我的眼球”，故选tears。
16．B 根据下文的“They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲伤)．They help us to...to be”可知，此处表示眼泪不仅清洗了我们的眼球，也清洗了我们的内心(inside)。competence“能力”；identification“辨认”；development“发展”。
17．D 第一段提到老照片让作者的美好回忆重现，故这里应该是表示“眼泪帮助我们重新找回我们的爱和善良”。reconnect to“重新连接”，在这里引申为“重新找回”。look through“浏览”；clean out“把……清洗干净”。
18．D 此处表示眼泪可以帮助我们成为我们想成为的人。be meant to do“打算，想要”。
19．C 根据上文提到的眼泪的好处可知，此处表示下次你感觉到眼泪开始流的时候，那么就让它们流下来吧。故选C项。
20．A 生活中充满笑和泪，只有允许它们都存在，我们才能真正地(truly)生活。roughly“粗略地”；generally“大体上”；tentatively“试探性地”。
四、单句改错
1．He spoke calm to them trying to pour oil on troubled waters but it was useless.
________________________________________________________
答案：calm→calmly 副词calmly “镇静地”修饰动词短语spoke to。
2．There was a time that the two countries were at war.
________________________________________________________
答案：that→when There was a time when ... 是固定结构，意为“曾经/一度/有一段时间……”。
3．Exact speaking, I disagree with you on this matter.
________________________________________________________
答案：Exact→Exactly exactly speaking 为固定搭配，意为“确切地说”。
4．He said that he had fallen in love with Mary for two years and would get married the next year.
________________________________________________________
答案：fallen→been be in love with可与时间段连用，fall in love with 表示瞬时动作，不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
5．I have never heard of the names you added up to the list.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉up add to “添加”，add up to “合计为”。根据句意去掉up。
五、七选五
Shortness of breath has many different causes，and the treatment of it is specific for each cause.__1__ There are, however，some following first aid steps you can use to treat it，at least until the ambulance arrives or you're able to get the victim to a hospital.
__2__ The more energy you spend，the more oxygen you use and the more short of breath you feel.Think about a good workout at the gym.Exercise hard enough and you will feel short of breath.The cure？Take a break.
Let the victim sit，stand or lie where's the most comfortable.There're lots of myths about how some body positions supposedly provide more airflow.Coaches regularly tell players to hold their arms above their heads to maximize chest expansion.Nursing staff assume the “tripod position” is the best position.__3__.
Use oxygen.This is a special case used only for people with chronic lung problems.If the victim has oxygen available, this is what it's for.__4__ The victim may have been told by his or her doctor that too much oxygen for too long might cause more problems.Assure the victim that sudden increases in shortness of breath are the instances in which oxygen is needed most.
Treat the cause of shortness of breath.__5__ Asthma patients，for example，often have multiple tools and drugs to fix sudden shortness of breath.Victims of lung infections may need to see a doctor and heart attack victims may need an ambulance.
A．Have the victim rest.
B．Take more exercise at the gym.
C．The victim should use his or her oxygen as directed by a doctor.
D．There're many causes of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable.
E．The victim can try to avoid making use of his or her oxygen whenever possible.
F．Every person is different，however，so let the victim decide what position is the most comfortable.
G．In many cases，the only way to treat shortness of breath is to call 911 or take the victim to a doctor.
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了呼吸困难的发生有很多原因，同时提出了四种急救方法。
1．G 本段主要讲呼吸困难有很多原因，治疗呼吸困难有不同的方法，因此空处应讲治疗呼吸困难的一般方法，且与下文构成转折关系，故选G。
2．A 根据本段中的“The cure？Take a break”可知，本段主要讲让患者休息这种方法，故选A。
3．F 根据第三段的主题句可知，此处表示每个人感觉舒服的方式都不同，所以空处应讲让病人决定最舒服的姿势，故选F。
4．C 根据本段的主题句可以判断此处指要使用氧气，故选C。
5．D 根据空处上下文可以判断，此处表示呼吸困难有很多原因，但是可以治疗的，故选D。
Unit 2 English around the world
一、阅读理解。
Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be.
I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasn’t only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.
The better a joke makes a person feel，and the more it includes other psychological factors，the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him.
In short，we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions，he will certainly like it a lot.
【解题导语】 本文主要分析了人们笑的原因。
1．What did the author find out after studying psychology?
A．Only good jokes make people laugh.
B．Many factors lead to people’s laughing.
C．Funny things can make people laugh.
D．Laughter can make people healthy.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者在学了心理学之后发现，笑不仅仅是因为事情好笑，还有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影响，故选B。
2．Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians?
A．They played a trick on the pedestrians.
B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way.
C．They could feel the pedestrians’ happiness.
D．Their emotion was approved of by the show.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，人们对行人的行为大笑的原因是他们在心理上产生了共鸣，故选D。
3．What does the underlined word“belittling”probably mean?
A．Annoy. B．Blame.
C．Look down on. D．Make up to.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可推知，动词belittle 和短语make fun of是近义词，结合选项可知，应选C。annoy“使恼怒”；blame“责怪”；look down on“蔑视，瞧不起”；make up to “接近，奉承，补足”。
4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
B 解析：推理判断题。结合全文可知，第一段导入话题；第二、三段通过具体事例进行分析；根据文章最后一段的开头“In short”可知，最后一段属于总结。由此可知，本文属于总——分——总的结构，符合本文结构的图表是B选项。
二、单句语法填空
1．This tree looks tall and strong but ________ (actual) its trunk is hollow.
答案：actually actually “事实上，实际上”。
2．Schools have rights to set down their own rules ________ (base) on the general conditions of the students.
答案：based be based on “以……为基础”，此处为过去分词短语作定语，因此填based。
3．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.
答案：gradually 此处修饰动词短语get active in，故用副词gradually “逐渐地”，在句中作状语。
4．On seeing her new classmate, she came ________ and said with a smile, “Glad to meet you.”
答案：up come up在本句中表示“走近”。
5．She was ________ worried than angry when her daughter didn't come home.
答案：more more worried than angry “与其说是生气不如说是担心”。
6．Buses run ________ (frequent) from the city to the airport.
答案：frequently 此处修饰动词run，因此要用副词形式frequently。
7．The request is that manuscripts (手稿) ________ (write) on one side only.
答案：(should) be written request在这里是名词，作主语时，后面的表语从句中的谓语动词应使用“should＋动词原形”结构，并且should可省略，此处表示被动意义，故填(should) be written。
8．Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's ________ they've made it automatic.
答案：because that's because ... “那是因为……”。
9．There is no such thing ________ darkness; only a failure to see.
答案：as 句意：没有黑暗这种东西，只有看不见而已。There is no such ... as ... “没有像……的……”。
10．From his ________ (express), I knew he didn't want me to ask this question.
答案：expression 由空前代词his可知应填名词，expression “表情；表达”。
三、完形填空。
Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasn't my __1__；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻队)on which I __2__.I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was __4__ a good listener.
At the end of the year，she __5__ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals.I could tell her __7__，and she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager.
In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地产经纪人), __9__ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote __10__ stories and always took my concerns __11__.She had given me a(n) __12__ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I __13__ to take her up on the __14__ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags __15__ ！You are welcome anytime！”
I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her __16__ of poetry，music，and creative writing __17__ me to follow these endeavors(努力)．One day __18__ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she __19__ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the __20__ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away.
1．A.mother B．friend
C．classmate D．teacher
2．A.served B．advised
C．expected D．led
3．A.shared B．enjoyed
C．imagined D．found
4．A.never B．just
C．still D．also
5．A.knew B．announced
C．thought D．realized
6．A.addresses B．gifts
C．views D．roles
7．A.many B．much
C．everything D．something
8．A.in B．as
C．with D．to
9．A.so B．but
C．or D．for
10．A.amusing B．different
C．emotional D．ordinary
11．A.immediately B．carefully
C．seriously D．privately
12．A.urgent B．lucky
C．ambiguous D．open
13．A.decided B．hesitated
C．wrote D．hurried
14．A.offer B．promise
C．excuse D．message
15．A.bought B．found
C．filled D．packed
16．A.love B．dream
C．sense D．feeling
17．A.persuaded B．encouraged
C．forced D．allowed
18．A.before B．once
C．while D．after
19．A.looked over B．looked out
C．looked up D．looked down
20．A.clouds B．flowers
C．people D．houses
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者在中学期间和一名英语老师之间的故事。
【核心词汇】adviser n．顾问 pen pal笔友 concern n．担心的事，关切的事
1．D 根据上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻队)”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老师(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。
2．A 根据语境并结合选项可知，作者当时也在巡逻队里。serve“为……工作”。
3．B 根据空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜欢(enjoyed)老师的幽默感和善良的品质。
4．D 根据上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是对这位老师身份的补充说明。她也(also)是一个好的倾听者。
5．B 根据语境可知，老师宣布(announced)了一个消息，她要搬到佛罗里达州了，作者感到很伤心。
6．A 根据上文中的“At the end of the year, she __5__ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老师互换了地址(addresses)，成了笔友。
7．C 根据上文中的“and became pen pals”与空后的“she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者与老师无话不谈，这与上文作者乐于和老师相处的背景呼应。故选C。
8．C 固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意为“以某种态度/方式对待某人”，符合语境，故选C。
9．B 根据空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示转折关系。故选B。
10．A 根据上文中的“I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老师很幽默，总是给作者讲一些好笑的(amusing)故事。
11．C take sb./sth.seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待某人/某事”。老师认真对待作者所关切的事情。
12．D 根据下文中的“You are welcome anytime”可推知，老师欢迎作者随时来访，an open invitation为习语，意为“随时可以来访的邀请”，符合语境，故选D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”。
13．C 根据上文中的“We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals”可推知，作者写信(wrote)告诉老师，他接受她的提议(offer)。
14．A 参见上题解析。offer“提供，提议”。
15．D 因为作者要去看望老师，因此老师建议作者收拾行李(packed)，随时欢迎作者的到来。
16．A 老师对诗歌、音乐和文学创作的热爱(love)激励(encouraged)着作者去努力。
17．B 参见上题解析。
18．C 一天，当老师正在把床单挂在晒衣绳上的时候，她抬头看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“当……时”。
19．C 参见上题解析。
20．A 根据上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并结合选项可知，当时老师看了天空，此处指的应是天上的云(clouds)。
四、单句改错
1．Oil must be made full use to serve the people well.
________________________________________________________
答案：use后加of 此处为make full use of ... 结构的被动语态。
2．After 25 years, she has changed without recognition.
________________________________________________________
答案：without→beyond beyond recognition “难以认出”。
3．Try to tell what you think of Tom and of the way which the children treated him.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉which或which→that或which前加in the way作先行词，且在定语从句中作状语时，其引导词有三种形式：that/in which或省略。
4．Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because of she thought it was too hard.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉of because引导原因状语从句。because of后接名词(短语)、代词或宾语从句。
5．The manager gave his command that measures were taken immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.
________________________________________________________
答案：were→be that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明command的具体内容，其从句中的谓语动词应使用 “should＋动词原形”的结构，并且should可省略。
五、短文改错
（2018高考选练）
Dear students, good news for you! A blog will be opening on the website of our school, that aims to help students to communicate better and improve your English. The blog serves as open platform where you can do lots of things. Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study. Secondly, if you had any question, welcome to post it. And you will possible find proper solutions with the help of our schoolmates. In addition, attracting by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion. Surely the blog will be very benefit to your English study. And every one of you are encouraged to visit it.
【文章大意】本文介绍了在学校网站上为学生开的一个博客。
1. 【解析】第二句opening→opened。此处是一般将来时态的被动语态, 故把opening改为opened。
2. 【解析】第二句that→which。前面整个句子作先行词后面用which引导非限制性定语从句。
3. 【解析】第三句在open前加an。一个开放的平台。open以元音音素开头, 故在as和open之间加an。
4. 【解析】第四句去掉with。share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物。
5. 【解析】第五句had→have。此处是if引导的条件状语从句, 主句是祈使句, 表示将来, 所以从句用一般现在时态, 故had改为have。
6. 【解析】第六句possible→ possibly。副词修饰动词, 故possible改为 possibly。
7. 【解析】第六句 our→your。根据句意可知是在你们的同学的帮助下, 故把our改为your。
8. 【解析】第七句attracting→ attracted。 此处是过去分词作状语, 表示被动关系, 故用 attracted。
9. 【解析】第八句benefit→ beneficial。 形容词作表语, 故把benefit改为 beneficial。
10. 【解析】第九句are→is。此处every one是句子主语, 谓语动词应用单数形式, 故把are改为is。
Travel journal
一、阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday，which ended on Thursday，according to the China National Tourism Administration.'That is an increase of 7 percent compared with last year's Spring Festival.About 374,000 trips were organized by travel agencies，a 2.5 percent increase.
The administration also reported growth from individual and high-end(高端的) travelers and said that in addition to top and coastal cities，inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region—became important source markets.With many Chinese now traveling abroad for Spring Festival，their choice of destinations has expanded along with their growing interest in foreign cultures and services.
“Chinese tourists are increasingly willing to experience local cultures and services，including staying in private homes，appreciating plants and watching monkeys in hot springs，” Li Xuejing，the agency's marketing manager，said.
A Chinese tourist surnamed Guo，who was vacationing on an island in the Philippines，said：“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives.”
Another choice is Britain.Though the devaluation(货币贬值)of the pound is a factor，Britain's rich history and famous education tradition have caught the eye of Chinese.
1．How many trips were made to foreign countries during the Golden Week of this Spring festival holiday?
A．6,150,000. B．2,500,000.
C．7,000,000. D．374,000.
2．What can we learn about some inland cities in Guangxi?
A．They're reported to have become important attractions.
B．They're famous for all kinds of plants and monkeys.
C．They have the best hot spring in the world.
D．They belong to coastal source markets.
3．What would Miss Guo do on her vacation according to the text?
A．Go shopping for gifts.
B．Study foreign cultures.
C．Relax and enjoy herself.
D．Chat with her relatives.
4．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A guide book.
B．A newspaper.
C．A scientific magazine.
D．An advertisement.
【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。国家旅游局统计，在今年春节期间去海外旅游的游客人数比去年同期有所上涨。文章分析了这一现象的原因。
【难句分析】A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday，which ended on Thursday，according to the China National Tourism Administration.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中which ended on Thursday为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
译文：根据中国国家旅游局统计，截至星期四，在春节黄金周期间，中国大陆赴海外旅游的人次达到615万。
1．A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的第一句“A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday，which ended on Thursday，according to the China National Tourism Administration”可知，在春节黄金周期间，中国大陆赴海外旅游的人次达到6 150 000，故A项正确。
2．A 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的“in addition to top and coastal cities，inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region—became important source markets”可知，广西壮族自治区的许多城市也成了重要的旅游地，故A项正确。
3．C 考查细节理解。根据第四段的“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives”可知，这位郭姓游客认为现在她的旅游目的是放松和享受而不是购物或为亲人挑选礼物；据此可知，她在旅游期间会放松和享受。
4．B 考查文章出处。通读全文可知，文章第一段的第一句为文章主题句；结合下文内容可知，文章属于新闻报道，符合新闻报道文体的结构特征：先写明报道主题，接着分析原因。故B项正确。
二、单句语法填空
1．This made Hannah very sad, and even more determined ________ (do) something.
答案：to do be determined to do sth. “下定决心做某事”。
2．The World Health ________ (organize) says half of them will die if they are not treated.
答案：Organization organization “组织”，the World Health Organization “世界卫生组织”。
3．But that is not ________ many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.
答案：what have sth. in mind “心里记着某事”，设空处是引导表语从句的连接词，在从句中作宾语，故填what。
4．Not having persuaded Helen ________ (change) her mind, her parents had no choice but to allow her to go to China to travel alone.
答案：to change persuade sb. to do sth. “劝说某人做某事”。
5．The government's attitude ________ the development of the flying car is favorable.
答案：to/toward(s) attitude to/toward(s) ... “对……的态度”。
6．I graduated from university twenty years ago and ________ (teach) in a middle school ever since.
答案：have taught ever since “自从……以来”，与现在完成时连用。
7．She got me back to the UK even earlier than originally ________ (schedule)．
答案：scheduled than originally scheduled “比起早先的安排”，此处than是连词，其后是比较状语从句，从句主语为it，谓语为was，省略主语和谓语后只剩scheduled。
8．One ________ (advantage) of living in the town is short of safe places for the children to play.
答案：disadvantage 由is short of ... 可知，此处在谈论“生活在小镇的缺点”，因此填disadvantage “劣势；缺点”。
9．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he's ________ (rely)．
答案：reliable 此处形容词reliable “可靠的；可信赖的”，在句中作表语。
10．They studied the question ________ (care) before they made the decision.
答案：carefully 此处副词carefully修饰动词studied。
三、完形填空。
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)
I worried about my personal image and how I could be remembered during my boyhood.In the fifth grade，there seemed to be only one __1__ —to be cool.In the sixth grade，suddenly，there were two choices：be cool，or be invisible.__2__ ，one day，when a teacher had us fill out a questionnaire with __3__ questions，I found the __4__ option.
Assuming(假定)the teacher would read our answers privately，I felt it was __5__ to share my privacy.To my __6__ ，she collected and redistributed(重新分发)them to us.We were asked to __7__ the name and our three favorite answers to the whole class.My answers went to the meanest boy in class.
The first question was“What's your favorite movie？” My answer was Beauty and the Beast.A laugh erupted and my cheeks __8__.The next was“Where would you like to travel？” My answer was __9__ special—“Wherever a book takes me.”The __10__ this time had an explosive quality.
I could __11__ remember what happened next；all that I had in mind was the laughter.But something amazing happened.A(n) __12__ came，“Guys，cut it out.”The room went __13__ .It's Michelle Siever，a popular and cool girl.Then she __14__ ，“Why are you laughing? What is the point of __15__ if we just laugh at others？”
I can't remember the teacher or other kids' names，but I remember Michelle's.When she __16__ for me that day，she __17__ me we actually have three choices if we want to be remembered.
Be cool，and you might be remembered __18__.Stay invisible，and you won't be remembered at all.But if you stand up __19__ someone when he or she __20__ you most，then you will be remembered as their hero for the rest of their life.
1．A.tool B．choice
C．chance D．purpose
2．A.However B．In addition
C．Therefore D．In fact
3．A.personal B．funny
C．various D．strange
4．A.wrong B．former
C．third D．latter
5．A.terrible B．safe
C．nervous D．interesting
6．A.surprise B．anxiety
C．delight D．expectation
7．A.repeat B．remember
C．compare D．read
8．A.ached B．paled
C．changed D．burned
9．A.even B．still
C．never D．always
10．A.laughter B．question
C．air D．class
11．A.nearly B．exactly
C．hardly D．surely
12．A.request B．message
C．order D．voice
13．A.crazy B．silent
C．angry D．empty
14．A.announced B．smiled
C．added D．stopped
15．A.talking B．chatting
C．arguing D．sharing
16．A.talked about B．calmed down
C．left behind D．spoke up
17．A.reminded B．promised
C．showed D．persuaded
18．A.for a while B．finally
C．again and again D．hopefully
19．A.before B．with
C．for D．by
20．A.misses B．needs
C．values D．loves
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在老师组织的全班问卷调查活动中，“我”的回答引起全班同学哄堂大笑，这时一个女生站起来帮助“我”走出困境。同时，“我”明白了一个道理：在别人需要你的时候站出来会被别人永远记住。
【核心词汇】image n．印象，形象 invisible adj.无形的，看不见的 fill out填写 cut out阻挡，删除，住口
1．B 根据空后一句中的“In the sixth grade, suddenly, there were two choices”可知，此处表示，在五年级，似乎只有唯一的选择(choice)来让别人记住自己—装酷。
2．A 根据下文内容可知，老师让同学们填调查问卷这件事使“我”改变了原先的看法，故前后为转折关系，所以选A。
3．A 根据下文中的“share my privacy”可推知，此处表示老师要求回答的是我们的私人(personal)问题。所以选A。
4．C 根据上文内容可知，到六年级，“我”突然认为被别人记住有两个选择，但是通过老师让同学们填调查问卷这件事，“我”发现了第三种选择。所以选C。
5．B 根据上文内容可知，假如老师私下阅读我们的回答，“我”就感觉分享的隐私是安全的(safe)。所以选B。
6．A 根据上下文可知，老师没有私下阅读我们的回答而是重新分发，让同学之间互读，这种做法让“我”感到吃惊。所以选A。
7．D 参见上题解析。
8．D 根据空前的“A laugh erupted”及常识可知，“我”对第一个问题的回答引起了同学们的大笑，由此可知，“我”当时面颊发烫(burned)。选项D符合语境。
9．B 根据下文中的“this time had an explosive quality”可知，“我”对第二个问题的回答仍然(still)是特别的，因此这一次笑声(laughter)更加强烈。still“仍然，还是”，符合语境。
10．A 参见上题解析。
11．C 根据空后的“all that I had in mind was the laughter”可知，此处指“我”几乎不能(hardly)记得后面发生了什么，所以选C。
12．D 根据下文中的“Guys, cut it out”可知，Michelle Siever的声音(voice)传来，所以选D。
13．B 根据上下文可知，这个声音使整个房间安静(silent)了下来。
14．C 根据空后的两个问句可知，Michelle Siever继续在说，即补充道(added)。
15．D 根据全文的内容，尤其是老师要求我们填调查问卷然后交换并在全班朗读这一活动过程可知，这是同学们之间的一次交流分享(share)活动。所以选D。
16．D 根据上文内容可知，“我”对两个问题的回答引起全班的大笑，这时Michelle Siever的话使全班安静下来，据此可推断她在替“我”辩护。所以选D。 speak up(for sb./sth.)“(尤指为……)说好话，辩护”。
17．C 她替“我”辩护这件事向“我”展示(showed)了如果想要被人们记住，我们有三种选择。所以选C。
18．A 通过这件事，“我”知道装酷只能被别人记住一时(for a while)。所以选A。
19．C 根据上文内容可知，“我”之所以能够摆脱困境是因为Michelle Siever为“我”辩护。所以“我”总结出想要被别人记住的第三种选择是：当人们需要(needs)你时，你站出来为(for)他们说话，这样你就会被他们当做英雄一样被铭记一生。所以选C。
20．B 参见上题解析。
四、单句改错
1．If you stand here, you'll get better view of the river.
________________________________________________________
答案：get后加a get a better view of ...“更好地看到……”，view “风景”，为可数名词。
2．Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to being underlined before class.
________________________________________________________
答案：being→be 动词insist表“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词应使用“(should＋)动词原形”的结构。
3．The old man was still in good health. He preferred to work in the garden rather than sat idly.
________________________________________________________
答案：sat→sit prefer to do A rather than do B “宁愿做A而不愿做B”，rather than后要接动词原形。
4．In my views, there is no need to care too much about your clothes.
________________________________________________________
答案：views→view in one's view “依某人看”，是固定短语。
5．Although Mr Li was ill, he still went to work on time as usually.
________________________________________________________
答案：usually→usual as usual “像往常一样”，是固定搭配。
五、七选五
In the age of the keyboard，some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out.
Steve Graham，a literacy professor at Vanderbilt University in Nashville，Tennessee，has been hearing about the death of handwriting for the past fifteen years.__1__ He said，“If the results of a survey we have published this year are accurate，it is being taught by about ninety percent of teachers in grades one to three.”
Ninety percent of teachers also say they are required to teach handwriting.__2__
Professor Graham says one study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting.__3__ Others teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a day.
Many adults remember learning that way－by copying letters over and over again.__4__ Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught only with itself.Instead，they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas.__5__
Teachers commonly report that about one-fourth of their students has poor handwriting.Some people might think handwriting is not important anymore because of computers and voice recognition(识别) programs.
A．After all，that is why we write.
B．Nowadays teachers pay more and more attention to their students' writing.
C．So is it still being taught?
D．But who cares if people know how to write well?
E．But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it.
F．Today's thinking is that short periods of practices are better.
G．He says some teachers teach handwriting for ten to fifteen minutes a day.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了在电脑时代，学校教授书法的现状研究。
【难句分析】Professor Graham says one study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting.
分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分；published是过去分词，作后置定语，修饰one study。
译文：Graham教授说今年发布的一项研究发现大约3/4的老师说他们不准备教书法。
1．C 根据下文中的“it is being taught by about ninety percent of teachers in grades one to three”可知，空处应表示对是否要教学生书法的疑问，故C项符合语境。
2．E 根据上文中的“If the results of a survey we have published this year are accurate，it is being taught by about ninety percent of teachers in grades one to three”及空前一句可知，此处表示对研究结果的进一步分析，故E项符合语境。
3．G 根据下文中的“Others teach it for sixty to seventy minutes a day”可知，此处表示一些老师教授书法的时间，所以G项符合语境。
4．F 根据语境可知，空处与上文的“Many adults remember learning that way—by copying letters over and over again”形成对比，并与下文的“Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught only with itself”呼应，此处讲述的是学书法的方法的今昔差异，故F项符合语境。
5．A 根据语境可知，空处承接上文中的“Instead，they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas”，此处表示表达想法正是我们练习书法的原因，所以A项符合语境。
Earthquakes
一、阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2018·湖南省部分重点中学高考考前演练)
WELCOME TO THE RONALD REAGAN
PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM
Visit the limited-time “Interactive！The Exhibition” at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum and save more than 30% on museum admission tickets with an audio tour.
WHEN
Through Feb.28,2017
WHAT'S INCLUDED
$19(reg.$28)．..Admission for one person to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum，including “Interactive！The Exhibition” with an audio tour.Please note：the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience will be an additional cost and participants must be 10 years old or above.
WHY WE LOVE IT
·The exhibition is a hands-on experience focusing on movies，TV，music and the arts
·Experience virtual reality,1980s video games，robots,3D printing
·Climb aboard Air Force One，view the expensive comfortable presidential car and a Marine One helicopter.
·Explore Reagan's legacy(遗产)：Step into an Oval Office copy and see a piece of the Berlin Wall
·The audio tour has more than 50 stops and original material not copied in the exhibits
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
This is a season-specific event.All sales are final.No refunds(退款)or exchanges.Not valid after the expiration date.Valid any regular museum operating day through Feb.28,2017.Museum hours are 10 a．m.-5 p．m.，seven days a week.Valid for one person.Cannot combine with other offers.Must use in one visit.Tickets include admission to “Interactive！The Exhibition” and the entire museum's galleries and grounds.
1．What can visitors do while visiting the library and museum?
A．Fly on Air Force One.
B．Experience virtual reality for free.
C．Approach technology of different times.
D．Learn about the president's daily routine.
2．What does the author say about the admission ticket?
A．It can be enjoyed with other offers.
B．It allows limitless visits to the museum.
C．It isn't accessible to children.
D．It cannot be changed once sold.
3．What type of writing is this passage?
A．A notice. B．An official report.
C．An advertisement. D．A tour review.
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。
1．C 考查细节理解。根据WHY WE LOVE IT部分中的“Experience virtual reality,1980s video games，robots,3D printing”可知，在参观该地时，游客可以体验虚拟现实、20世纪80年代的电子游戏、机器人、3D打印，即他们可以体验不同时期的科技。故选C。
2．D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“All sales are final.No refunds(退款)or exchanges”可知，所有的门票出售都是最终的、不可改变的，不提供退款或更换服务。故选D。
3．C 考查推理判断。根据文章的形式和内容可以判断出，本文是有关罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的广告。故选C。
二、单句语法填空
1．I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
答案：was trapped be trapped in “被困在……”。
2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face.
答案：expression 由空前的“an excited”可知，应填名词 expression “表情”。
3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)．
答案：were destroyed 动词destroy “毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points.
答案：an come to an end “结束”。
5．Don't forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does something good.
答案：sincerely 副词 sincerely “真诚地”，在此处修饰动词praise。
6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)．
答案：injury 由空前的his可知，应填名词injury “受伤；伤害”。
7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment.
答案：congratulations 由空前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。congratulation “祝贺”，且常用复数形式。
8．The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans ________ (shock)．
答案：shocked 此处形容词shocked “感到震惊的”作宾语补足语。
9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.
答案：highly think highly of “高度评价……”，是固定搭配。
10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain.
答案：from shelter from the rain “躲雨”。
三、完形填空。
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018·山西省太原市高三年级模拟试题(一))
When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明节)．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didn't ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got.
As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah.
But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My special-needs son decided that he wanted to __7__ a computer，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldn't __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen，he got __9__.
I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isn't about greed or materialism.It's about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.It's about being __12__ of our heritage.It's about freedom.
But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷恋的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a special-needs child is as __15__ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，he's a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life.
And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I welcome his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones.
1．A.buying B．donating
C．lighting D．drawing
2．A.celebrate B．present
C．send D．play
3．A.at B．for
C．in D．from
4．A.ate B．threw
C．liked D．drank
5．A.held up B．gave in
C．handed in D．kept up
6．A.made B．became
C．found D．designed
7．A.build B．buy
C．use D．watch
8．A.rely on B．learn from
C．agree to D．dream about
9．A.calm B．happy
C．selfish D．upset
10．A.telling B．warning
C．promising D．accusing
11．A.lays B．hangs
C．waits D．burns
12．A.tired B．proud
C．afraid D．lack
13．A.nodded B．slept
C．insisted D．failed
14．A.mind B．sight
C．control D．place
15．A.wonderful B．dangerous
C．interesting D．challenging
16．A.run out B．break down
C．work out D．put down
17．A.strange B．amazing
C．bad D．energetic
18．A.candles B．lamps
C．torches D．lanterns
19．A.when B．as
C．unless D．until
20．A.relative B．possible
C．reasonable D．positive
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家过光明节的传统、变化及作者的应对策略和反思。
【核心词汇】greed n．贪婪 materialism n．物质主义 miracle n．奇迹
1．C 根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此处指点蜡烛。
2．A 根据上文的“Hanukkah(光明节)”可推知，节日是用来庆祝的。
3．B 根据语境“less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此处表示东西的价格，故用介词for。
4．C 结合语境“My children didn't ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子们并不挑剔，很喜欢拿到的礼物。
5．D 结合下文的转折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My special-needs son”可推知，作者保持那个传统很多年。
6．B 根据转折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My special-needs son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新变化。
7．A 根据语境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，儿子要组建一台电脑，要作者去买零配件。
8．C 根据下文的“And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。
9．D 很明显，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子感到难过。upset“难过”。
10．A 很明显，作者在不断地给儿子讲道理，说明节日的意义。
11．D 根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D项burn“燃烧，发亮”符合语境。
12．B 固定搭配be proud of意为“以……为傲，为……而自豪”，符合语境。
13．C 根据下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷恋的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，儿子不为所动，坚持自己的要求。
14．C 根据“obsessions(迷恋的物)”可推知，儿子陷入迷恋的事物之中，已经失控。out of control“失控”。
15．D 很明显，作者应对有特殊需求的儿子有些棘手。challenging “挑战性的”。
16．C 根据“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那样发展。work out“成功地发展”。
17．B 根据语境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此处的语气表示肯定、赞赏，故选B。 amazing“了不起的”。
18．A 根据上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，节日期间作者一家点蜡烛庆祝。
19．B 根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故选B。as“因为”。
20．D 与语境中的“negative”形成对比可知，此处表示把负面要求变成积极要求。positive“积极的”。
四、单句改错
1．The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help.
________________________________________________________
答案：第一个so→too too ... to do “太……而不能”。
2．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands.
________________________________________________________
答案：buried→burying 此处burying是现在分词作伴随状语。
3．Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich.
________________________________________________________
答案：Judged→Judging judging from ... “由……来判断”。
4．I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy.
________________________________________________________
答案：the→a a number of opportunities “许多机会”。
5．The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked.
________________________________________________________
答案：extreme→extremely extremely副词“极其，非常”，此处修饰形容词shocked。
五、短文改错
（2018高考选练）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I had an amazing experience last Spring Festival. On the second day of the holiday, it was snowing heavily but we had a very importance relative to visit, that lived in a distant mountain village. We have to take risks to drive on our journey. Though the road was bad, but we arrived safe.
The family welcomed us warmly or we said “Happy New Year” to them. We were treated a good dinner. Later in the afternoon, we said goodbye and started back home.
Sadly, our car was sticking in the snow halfway and couldn’t move. Just then, the villager walked by, offering to push his car. It was this stranger who helped us out!
参考答案:
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。文章叙述了自己春节期间的一次有意思的经历。
1. 【解析】第二句importance→important。 此处为relative的定语, 意为“一个非常重要的亲戚”, 应使用形容词。故importance改为important。
2. 【解析】第二句that→who。此处为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为relative, 关系词在从句中作主语, that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故that改为who。
3. 【解析】第三句have→had。此处描述的是过去的事情, 应使用一般过去时。故have改为had。
4. 【解析】第四句去掉but。考查让步状语从句。though引导让步状语从句时, 不能再出现but。故去掉but。
5. 【解析】第四句safe→safely。考查副词。此处修饰动词arrived, 应使用副词形式。故safe改为safely。
6. 【解析】第五句or→and。考查并列连词。此处前后句意为并列关系, 不存在选择关系。故or改为and。
7. 【解析】第六句treated后加with/to。考查词组搭配。be treated with/to sth. “用某物招待某人”为固定搭配。故treated后加with/to。
8. 【解析】第八句sticking→stuck。考查动词语态。根据句意可知, 此处应使用被动语态。故sticking改为stuck。
9. 【解析】第九句the→a。考查冠词。此处泛指“一个村民”, 应使用不定冠词。故the改为a。
10. 【解析】第九句his→our。考查代词。根据语境可知, 此处指“我们的车”。故his改为our。
Nelson Mandel-a modern hero
一、阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted.We only treasure things when they are gone.This is a sad truth of human nature.One day，I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.
One evening，I left work and boarded the train.After entering，I noticed something unusual.The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing.I didn't pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats.I sensed a funny smell.It wasn't long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me.He was bleeding from his nose.Why wasn't anyone helping him?
His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell.Along with the smell，his eyes were dull，watery，and red.Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime.As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him.All the seats around him were empty.
Suddenly，he began to swear at the people around him.A plain-clothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man.The officer，not wanting to touch the homeless man，told him his rights and directed him to exit the train.As the officer walked the man out of the train，the homeless man turned around and said“MY HOME！”and started crying.
A man doesn't value things until they are gone.If he didn't have a home，at least he had freedom.Now he has neither.No one wants to help someone who won't help himself.
1．When entering the car，how did the author feel at first?
A．Annoyed. B．Puzzled.
C．Sad. D．Calm.
2．How did people react to the homeless man?
A．They caught him and called the police.
B．They covered him with clean clothes.
C．They disliked and avoided him.
D．They stared at him curiously.
3．It can be learned that the policeman ________.
A．was very rude to the man
B．sent the man back to his hometown
C．forced the man to leave the city
D．went off the train with the man
4．What does the author think of the homeless man?
A．He is a loser of life.
B．He is worth our respect.
C．He is very funny.
D．He is a fearless fighter.
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐火车时，“我”发现了一个流浪汉，他衣衫褴褛，身上散发异味，乘客们避而远之。突然，他开始咒骂他周围的乘客。后来流浪汉被便衣警察带走，他不仅没有家，这一次还失去了自由。
1．B 考查推理判断。根据第二段第三句“The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing”可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断，“我”感到很困惑，故B项正确。
2．C 考查推理判断。根据第三段第三句“Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime”可知，流浪汉偶尔抓挠自己，人们看着他，好像他曾经犯罪了一样；根据第二段第三句“The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing”可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断，人们不喜欢他，避免和他接触，故C项正确。
3．D 考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句中的“As the officer walked the man out of the train”可知，警官最后带着这个流浪汉走下了火车，故D项正确。
4．A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二、第三句“If he didn't have a home，at least he had freedom.Now he has neither”可知，如果他没有家，至少他还有自由，如今他两个都没有了。据此可以判断，他是一个生活的失败者，故A项正确。
二、单句语法填空
1．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other.
答案：where 当先行词是case, position, stage等抽象名词，且在从句中作状语，表示地点时，定语从句使用关系副词where来引导。
2．From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and ________ (devote)．
答案：devotion 由teamwork and可知，此处填名词devotion “奉献；忠诚”，作宾语。
3．When an animal is ________ attack it can run away or fight back.
答案：under under attack “受到攻击”。
4．She started singing to the baby and ________ (reward) with a smile.
答案：was rewarded reward sb. with a smile “对某人报以微笑”，根据句意可知，此处应为被动语态。
5．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape ________ (fire) by his boss.
答案：being fired escape being fired “免于被解雇”。
6．I have some trouble ________ (read) the letter, because his handwriting is very bad.
答案：(in) reading have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”。
7．In some places there are many laws against ________ (cruel) to animals but few to protect children.
答案：cruelty 空前against是介词，因此本空填名词cruelty “残忍；残酷”。
8．Your teacher can give you ________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application.
答案：guidance give sb. guidance on ... “给某人关于……的指导或建议”，故此处填名词guidance “指导”。
9．________ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college.
答案：Education 此处应用名词education “教育”作主语。
10．The young man was sentenced to ________ (die) for killing a middle school student.
答案：death be sentenced to death “被判死刑”。
三、完形填空。
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018·太原市高三年级模拟试题)
I was a shy kid.Nothing seemed harder than talking to people.I didn't even like to answer the phone for fear that I'd have to talk to somebody I didn't know.
__1__ ，at school I had to spend all day in the company of others.My __2__ was studying.It was something I could do __3__ and by myself.I spent a lot of time studying and was __4__ with good grades.
Eventually I went to college.I came to realize that some people were rather fun to __5__ with.Yet my childhood __6__ carried over and I found myself tongue-tied and __7__ whenever I found myself in a conversation.
One day while on campus，I __8__ an advertisement for a position on the local classical music __9__ station.I had grown up listening to classical music，and I loved it.
In order to get the job，applicants needed to be interviewed.I had absolutely no background in radio，and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me.I didn't really want the job.I just wanted to prove that I could talk to a(n) __11__.
Two weeks __12__ ，I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job.
It was a __13__ job，but I grew to enjoy it.I announced music to thousands of __14__ in the city，sometimes answering their calls and __15__ to their requests.I began to feel comfortable talking to these people，these strangers who I couldn't even __16__.
Although I now spend much time talking with people，I'm still basically a __17__ person.My former shyness is a gift，as I can __18__ people who feel discomfort when they talk to strangers.I still enjoy moments of being __19__.But I'm also glad I decided to make a __20__ in my life that had opened many doors and opportunities that I never knew existed.
1．A.However B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Besides
2．A.advice B．practice
C．task D．escape
3．A.obviously B．simply
C．quietly D．poorly
4．A.filled B．rewarded
C．decorated D．faced
5．A.help out B．catch up
C．put up D．hang out
6．A.happiness B．shyness
C．kindness D．goodness
7．A.excited B．astonished
C．embarrassed D．interested
8．A.noticed B．posted
C．realized D．believed
9．A.fire B．gas
C．TV D．radio
10．A.terrified B．pleased
C．satisfied D．amazed
11．A.child B．singer
C．interviewer D．applicant
12．A.ago B．later
C．before D．since
13．A.well-paid B．puzzling
C．comfortable D．challenging
14．A.listeners B．followers
C．viewers D．dancers
15．A.referring B．responding
C．offering D．comparing
16．A.feel B．move
C．hear D．see
17．A.busy B．warm
C．quiet D．smart
18．A.look into B．relate to
C．combine with D．worry with
19．A.alone B．alive
C．active D．awake
20．A.plan B．mistake
C．change D．dream
【解题导语】该文主要讲述了害羞的作者通过应聘电台工作而实现自我突破的故事。
1．A 根据上下文可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系。然而，作者在学校里不得不和同学们相处。
2．D 根据上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，害羞的作者在学校用学习来逃避与人交流。
3．C 与语境“by myself”呼应可推知，作者一个人安安静静地做功课。
4．B 与语境“with good grades”呼应可推知，作者在学习上的付出得到了丰厚的回报，成绩突出。
5．D 由“Eventually”的提示可推知，作者最终意识到了和朋友相处是有趣的。hang out“常去某处”。
6．B 根据上文的“I was a shy kid”并结合“I found myself tongue-tied”可推知，作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在。
7．C 根据“I found myself tongue-tied”可推知，和他人交流时沟通不顺畅是令人尴尬的。
8．A 根据语境可知，作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告。
9．D 根据下文的“I had absolutely no background in radio”可推知，这是一则电台的招募广告。
10．A 根据“I had absolutely no background in radio”并结合下文的“I didn't really want the job”可推知，作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓，与下文的“I was even more terrified to discover that I had actually landed the job”呼应。
11．C 作者害怕与成千上万的听众交流，只想证明自己能够和面试官交谈。
12．B 根据语境可推知，时间已经过去了两周。
13．D 根据上文可知，这项工作需要与成千上万的听众交流，这对作者来说有一定的挑战性，且与语境“but I grew to enjoy it”形成呼应。
14．A 与上文的“and the idea of talking to thousands of listeners __10__ me”呼应可推知，此处表示作者给听众播放音乐。
15．B 与语境“answering their calls”呼应可推知，作者回应听众的要求。
16．D 根据上文可知，作者应聘的是电台工作，和听众们基本上是不见面的。
17．C 根据“still”的提示并结合上文的“I was a shy kid”可推知，作者尽管现在花费很多时间和人们交流，但是本质上还是一个不多说话的人，与下文的“My former shyness is a gift”呼应。
18．B 结合“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者能够理解那些和他相同的人。relate to“理解，认同”。
19．A 根据上文的“My former shyness is a gift”可推知，作者仍旧喜欢独处。
20．C 根据语境可推知，作者通过做电台工作有了重大改变，从而人生有了更多的可能性。
四、单句改错
1．I hope, first of all, that we shall never lose our heart in face of failure.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉our lose heart “失去信心”，为固定搭配。
2．She is very weak and not equal to make a long journey.
________________________________________________________
答案：make→making be equal to “胜任……”，其中to是介词。
3．Thousands of people turned to watch yesterday's match against Ireland.
________________________________________________________
答案：turned后加up turn up “出现；露面”。
4．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉when The first time在此处引导时间状语从句。
5．Only when we had studied the data again we realize that there was a mistake.
________________________________________________________
答案：we前加did “only＋状语从句”放句首，句子应用部分倒装结构。
五、短文改错
（2018高考选练）
When talking about sport, I always feel very exciting, because I like sport so much. I love playing tennis, but it is my favorite sport. One day that I came home after school, I turned on TV and watch a tennis match. At first, I was attracted by the two beautiful tennis player. When I watched the match for ten minutes I found it wonderful. From now on, I started to watch tennis matches. I have learned to play the tennis, and I often invite my friends play with me. My love to tennis are more than I could express. I am so luckily to have some friends who share the same interest with me.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句exciting→excited。考查形容词。我感到兴奋用excited。
2. 【解析】第二句but→and。考查连词。此处表示顺承关系。
3. 【解析】第三句that→when/after。考查时间状语从句。
4. 【解析】第三句watch→watched。考查时态。整篇文章都是一般过去时。此处和turned on并列。
5. 【解析】第四句player→players。从前面的two可知用名词复数。
6. 【解析】第六句now→then。因为前文都是在叙述过去的事, 所以不是从现在开始, 而是从那时开始。
7. 【解析】第七句去掉tennis前的the。play tennis球类词前不用加定冠词the。
8. 【解析】第七句friends后加to。考查固定搭配。invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。所以可知这里缺少了to。
9. 【解析】第八句are→is。考查谓语动词单复数。这里的主语是love, 它是不可数名词, 不能用are, 故改成is。
10. 【解析】第九句luckily→lucky。考查形容词。这里需要一个形容词lucky表示我多么幸运, 不能用副词。
