中考复习：宾语从句课件（25PPT）

Object Clause
宾语从句
一．宾语从句重点

　　 1.宾语从句的概念

2.宾语从句的引导词

3.宾语从句中的语序
　　
4.宾语从句的时态变化
　　





　　
二、难点
1. if与whether的区别
2. when与if 引导的宾语从句和状语从句
3.宾语从句与简单句的互换




We know him．
We know he likes English.
主s
主s
谓v
谓v
宾o
宾o
宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语
位置：
简单句
复合句
一 什么 是宾语从句？
试比较
Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut(宇航员)?

Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

Please tell me where she has gone.

I don’t know if he will come tonight.

Let’s find out what’s going on .
Find out the Object Clauses

注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。
e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.
He told me (that) the meeting was cancelled.（取消）
1，从句原形是陈述句的
由从属连词that引导
二 .宾语从句的引导词
e.g.
I hear (that) _______________________. （一小时后他会回来）
He said (that) ______________________. （他非常想念我们）
The teacher told us (that) ___________________________.
（地球围着太阳转）
he will be back in an hour
he missed us very much
the earth moves around the sun
2.从句原形是特殊疑问句的
由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导

这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。
e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?
（谁的，作定语）
2)Could you tell me why the train is late?
（为什么，作状语）
3)He asked who could answer the question.
（谁，作主语）
3.从句原形是一般疑问句的
由从属连词 whether, if 引导
e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right .

They didn’t know whether Tom could come back or not .
if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。

if/whether可互换,但whether…or not为固定搭配.
If 与whether 的区别
1.I don’t know _____ he will come or not.


2.That depends on ____ he can come back.


3.He wondered ____ to stay here the next week.

4.__ __ he will come is not decided.
与or not 连用只能用whether
介词后只能用whether
与to do 不定式连用只能用whether
句首只能用whether
whether
whether
whether
Whether
Helen says that she will learn French next year.

Do you know where he comes from?

He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.
三. 宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。
改一改
将下列问句变成陈述句。 ??? 1. Can he swim ? →??? ?????? ?swim . ??? 2. Does he have a pen ? →??? ??? ????a pen . ??? 3. Which place did he go to ? →Which place ?? ? ? ???. ???
He can
He has
he went to
说一说
将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。
Can you tell me/I want to know/I wonder/Please tell me……?
e.g. Can you tell me if/whether he can swim?
四.宾语从句中时态的变化
填一填
was
is
will cook
is singing
has been
was playing
had learned
1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。
（需要性原则）
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）
1) He will go to Hong Kong .
2) He is sick.
3) He is reading a book .
4) He has finished his work.
1) He to Hong Kong .
2) He sick.
3) He a book .
4) He
辨一辨
would go
was
was reading
his work.
had finished
确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)
主句时态
从 句 时 态
连 接 前
连 接 后
一般现在时
时态保持不变
一般过去时
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时








3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）
He told me (that)
Summer is after Spring .
I was told (that)
the sun is much bigger than the moon.

My parents told me (that)
no news is good news.
比一比
否定转移

当主句的谓语是think , believe 等动词时，其后作宾语的that从句如果表否定意义，通常将否定词not移至主句动词之前。

I don’t think he is having a meeting .
比一比
I don’t know where I should go.
I don’t know where to go..

Tell me how I can do it.
Tell me how to do it

结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 ←→疑问词 + to do 的简单句。
五.宾语从句与简单句的转换
①
②
练一练
1.I don’t know what I shall do next .(变为简单句） → I don’t know???? ????? ????? ????next . 2.John didn’t decide which book he would buy .
(变为简单句）
→ John didn’t decide?????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? . 3.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句）
→ Can you tell me ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? the bus stop ? 4.Please tell Lucy how to use the MP5 .(变为复合句）
→Can you tell?Lucy??????? ? ? ??? ??? the MP5.
what to do
which book to buy
how I can get to
how she can use
Ⅰ.Find out the mistakes and correct them.

1 Could you tell me where do they live?

2 She knew that Danny is a student.

3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.

4 Do you know who car it is?

was
is
whose
六.课堂检测
Could you tell me?????????? ?
A. where the twins were???
B. where the twins are?
C where are the twins
A: Do you know????????? ? B: Yes , he came here by train . ????A. when he came here???????B. if he will come here ????C. why he came here???????? D. how he came here
3.She says she??????? English for ten years . A. learned?????????????? B. has learned????? C. was learning????????? D. have learned
Ⅱ. Choose the right answers.
B
D
B
4. The teacher told us that the earth??????? round A. was???????? B. is?????? C. will be???? D. would be
5. Tell me??????? .
A. what wrong is with him???????
B. what's wrong to him
C. what the matter is with him?
D. what's the matter with him
6. My friend asked me??????? . A. who is the girl??????????? B. who the girl was C. who was the girl??? D. who the girl
B
D
B
宾语从句三要素
that（陈述句 ）
if／whether（一般疑问句 ）
特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)
主句为一般现在时 从句可为任何时态
语序
宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序
客观真理 自然现象
公式定理 名言警句 从句 时态不变
七.本课小结
看一看：I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.

If it rains ,I’ll stay at home.

I want to know when he will come back.

When he comes back, please tell me.

想一想：when和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？
when和if的用法
when和if 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。
在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；
在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。
Thanks