牛津译林版 八年级下Unit 7 International Charities Grammar课件 （42张PPT）
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版 八年级下Unit 7 International Charities Grammar课件 （42张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2018-10-10 22:10:19 | ||
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文档简介
Passive voice
in the simple present and past tenses
Unit 7
International charities
学习目标：
1.了解使用被动语态的语境。
2. 掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students. (被动语态)
2. 一般现在时态的基本结构： am/ is /are + P.P
一般过去时态的基本结构： was/ were +P.P
Rubbish ____ ______(collect) every morning.
Two men _____ _______(take) to hospital last night.
语态
is collected
were taken
[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken
一般现在时的被动语态：
am / is / are + done
[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态：
was / were + done
3.被动语态的基本结构：be +P.P + (by sb)
She waters the flowers every day.
主 谓 宾
The flowers are watered by her every day.
① ② ③ ④
主语
be +P.P
by +宾语
主动语态 被动语态
宾语 →
谓语 →
主语 →
其他 → 抄下来
by many students.
1.Many students study English.
English
is studied
2.They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made
by them
in that factory.
一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：
is/are+过去分词
1. They bought a computer last term．
by them last term.
2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：
was/were +过去分词
last year.
2.We planted many trees last year.
Many trees
were planted
A computer
was bought
被动语态中的特殊情况
1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。
The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.
------The teacher is listened to carefully by
the students in class.
They look after the new students in the school.
____ The new students are looked after by them
in the school.
They take good care of my child.
I turned off the radio.
含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,
注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词
-----My child is taken good care of .
---The radio was turned off (by me).
【考点】
look for
look after
take care of
hand in
laugh at
speak to
be looked for
be looked after
be taken care of
be handed in
be laughed at
be spoken to
不要漏掉介词.
Children should ___.
A. take good care of
B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of
固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词
2.带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为
被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for 或 to
如：1.He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him.
－A book was given to me by Tom.
2. I bought him a book.
－He was bought a book by me.
－A book was buoght for him by me.
give sb. sth— buy sb sth-
sb be given sth sb be bought sth-
sth be given to sb. sth be bought for sb.
【考点】
give sb. sth.
pass sb. sth.
sell sb. sth.
lend sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
make sb. sth.
buy sb. sth.
Sth be given to sb.
Sth. be passed to sb.
Sth. be sold to sb.
Sth. be lent to sb.
Sth. be brought to sb.
Sth. be made for sb.
Sth. be bought for sb.
主动
被动
3.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态中，不用to;在被动语态中用to.
They make us do all the work.
___We are made to do all the work by them.
We often hear her sing songs.
__She is often heard to sing songs by us.
I saw him walk to school.
__He was seen to walk to school by me.
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（ let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear,notice…)
【考点】
make sb. do
let sb. do
see sb. do
hear sb. do
watch sb. do
sb be made to do
sb be let to do
sb be seen to do
sb be heard to do
sb be watched to do
主动
被动
The man ____ work for more than ten hours a day by his boss.
A. is made
B. is made to
C. made
在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但在被动语态中要加上。
The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish litter everywhere.
A. was made; was seen to throw
B. was made to; was seen to throw
C. made; saw
4. 有些动词, 其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如: 系动词smell, taste, sound, feel 等。
The dish smells good.
这道菜闻起来很香。
The music sounds nice.
这段音乐听起来不错。
The fish smells good.
5.还有一些不及物动词, 常用主动语态, 和well, easily等副词连用, 含有被动意义。如: read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean 等。
The books sell well.
这些书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.
这支笔写起来很顺滑。
[1]. ① Good medicine ___ better to the mouth.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste
② This pen ___ well.
A. is sold B. sell C. sells
感官动词, 和sell,write等动词用主动语态表被动.
6. 不及物动词没有被动语态：
happen , take place ，appear
7.need 表示需要时，后面加doing 表示被动含义
need doing =need to be +pp
All the computers need repairing .
All the computers need to be repaired .
Your bike ___.
A. needs repair
B. needs repairing
C. needs to repair
need可以用-ing形式表示被动
need to be done = need doing
【考点】
sb be asked to do
sb be told to do
sb be invited to do
sb be chosen to do
sb be encouraged to do
sb be allowed to do
ask sb. to do
tell sb. to do
invite sb. to do
choose sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do
主动
被动
8. 主动语态为带to的动词不定式
Mum told me to stay at home.
I was told to stay at home.
什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？
一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：
Such books are written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
Football is played all over the world．
二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：
My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。
三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …
四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。
例如：
Tina is asked to come by Paul．
Tina是被Paul叫来的。
五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：
He was born in October，1989．
are planned to help the poor
What they do every year
1. Charity activities _________________________ (plan/to help the poor).
are handed out to people
Leaflets _______________________ ___________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/ volunteers).
in the street by volunteers
Toys and CDs _____________________
(sell/to raise money).
are sold to raise money
What they did last week
New books _________________________ __________________________________ (send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
were sent to children in poor
areas by the Class 1, Grade 8 students
Warm clothes __________________________ (collect/for poor people).
were collected for poor people
A charity show _____________________________ (hold/the Students’ Union).
was held by the Students’ Union
Amy and Daniel are talking about charities. Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.
Amy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really? Please tell me about it.
Amy: OK. Oxfam ___________ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop __________ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world. A lot of things _________ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _______ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people.
was set up
was opened
are sold
is used
Daniel: That’s good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them ________ (call) Project Hope. It __________ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country __________ (give) basic education.
is called
was started
are given
Amy: Yea. Many schools __________ (build) in poor areas each year.
are built
填空（完成被动语态填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .
is
cleaned
was given by
Practice
3.I found the ticket on the floor.
______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.
4.I told her to return the book in time.
She ______ _______ to return the book in time.
The ticket was found
was told
5. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.
we were given
were
given to us
1. Review the contents of this lesson.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
3. Preview the next lesson.
in the simple present and past tenses
Unit 7
International charities
学习目标：
1.了解使用被动语态的语境。
2. 掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students. (被动语态)
2. 一般现在时态的基本结构： am/ is /are + P.P
一般过去时态的基本结构： was/ were +P.P
Rubbish ____ ______(collect) every morning.
Two men _____ _______(take) to hospital last night.
语态
is collected
were taken
[1]. Now English ____ by more and more people all over the word.
A. speaks
B. is spoken
C. was spoken
一般现在时的被动语态：
am / is / are + done
[2]. The lost boy ____ at the street corner last night.
A. was found
B. is found
C. was looked for
一般过去时的被动语态：
was / were + done
3.被动语态的基本结构：be +P.P + (by sb)
She waters the flowers every day.
主 谓 宾
The flowers are watered by her every day.
① ② ③ ④
主语
be +P.P
by +宾语
主动语态 被动语态
宾语 →
谓语 →
主语 →
其他 → 抄下来
by many students.
1.Many students study English.
English
is studied
2.They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes
are made
by them
in that factory.
一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：
is/are+过去分词
1. They bought a computer last term．
by them last term.
2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：
was/were +过去分词
last year.
2.We planted many trees last year.
Many trees
were planted
A computer
was bought
被动语态中的特殊情况
1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。
The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.
------The teacher is listened to carefully by
the students in class.
They look after the new students in the school.
____ The new students are looked after by them
in the school.
They take good care of my child.
I turned off the radio.
含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,
注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词
-----My child is taken good care of .
---The radio was turned off (by me).
【考点】
look for
look after
take care of
hand in
laugh at
speak to
be looked for
be looked after
be taken care of
be handed in
be laughed at
be spoken to
不要漏掉介词.
Children should ___.
A. take good care of
B. be taken good care
C. be taken good care of
固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词
2.带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为
被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加 for 或 to
如：1.He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him.
－A book was given to me by Tom.
2. I bought him a book.
－He was bought a book by me.
－A book was buoght for him by me.
give sb. sth— buy sb sth-
sb be given sth sb be bought sth-
sth be given to sb. sth be bought for sb.
【考点】
give sb. sth.
pass sb. sth.
sell sb. sth.
lend sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
make sb. sth.
buy sb. sth.
Sth be given to sb.
Sth. be passed to sb.
Sth. be sold to sb.
Sth. be lent to sb.
Sth. be brought to sb.
Sth. be made for sb.
Sth. be bought for sb.
主动
被动
3.在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态中，不用to;在被动语态中用to.
They make us do all the work.
___We are made to do all the work by them.
We often hear her sing songs.
__She is often heard to sing songs by us.
I saw him walk to school.
__He was seen to walk to school by me.
这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（ let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear,notice…)
【考点】
make sb. do
let sb. do
see sb. do
hear sb. do
watch sb. do
sb be made to do
sb be let to do
sb be seen to do
sb be heard to do
sb be watched to do
主动
被动
The man ____ work for more than ten hours a day by his boss.
A. is made
B. is made to
C. made
在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但在被动语态中要加上。
The man ____ clean the toilet because he ___ rubbish litter everywhere.
A. was made; was seen to throw
B. was made to; was seen to throw
C. made; saw
4. 有些动词, 其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如: 系动词smell, taste, sound, feel 等。
The dish smells good.
这道菜闻起来很香。
The music sounds nice.
这段音乐听起来不错。
The fish smells good.
5.还有一些不及物动词, 常用主动语态, 和well, easily等副词连用, 含有被动意义。如: read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean 等。
The books sell well.
这些书很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.
这支笔写起来很顺滑。
[1]. ① Good medicine ___ better to the mouth.
A. tastes B. is tasted C. taste
② This pen ___ well.
A. is sold B. sell C. sells
感官动词, 和sell,write等动词用主动语态表被动.
6. 不及物动词没有被动语态：
happen , take place ，appear
7.need 表示需要时，后面加doing 表示被动含义
need doing =need to be +pp
All the computers need repairing .
All the computers need to be repaired .
Your bike ___.
A. needs repair
B. needs repairing
C. needs to repair
need可以用-ing形式表示被动
need to be done = need doing
【考点】
sb be asked to do
sb be told to do
sb be invited to do
sb be chosen to do
sb be encouraged to do
sb be allowed to do
ask sb. to do
tell sb. to do
invite sb. to do
choose sb. to do
encourage sb. to do
allow sb. to do
主动
被动
8. 主动语态为带to的动词不定式
Mum told me to stay at home.
I was told to stay at home.
什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？
一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：
Such books are written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
Football is played all over the world．
二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：
My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。
三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …
四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。
例如：
Tina is asked to come by Paul．
Tina是被Paul叫来的。
五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：
He was born in October，1989．
are planned to help the poor
What they do every year
1. Charity activities _________________________ (plan/to help the poor).
are handed out to people
Leaflets _______________________ ___________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/ volunteers).
in the street by volunteers
Toys and CDs _____________________
(sell/to raise money).
are sold to raise money
What they did last week
New books _________________________ __________________________________ (send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1, Grade 8 students).
were sent to children in poor
areas by the Class 1, Grade 8 students
Warm clothes __________________________ (collect/for poor people).
were collected for poor people
A charity show _____________________________ (hold/the Students’ Union).
was held by the Students’ Union
Amy and Daniel are talking about charities. Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using the passive voice.
Amy: I’m reading a book about Oxfam.
Daniel: Really? Please tell me about it.
Amy: OK. Oxfam ___________ (set up) in the UK in 1942, and the first Oxfam shop __________ (open) in 1948. Now it has about 15,000 shops in all over the world. A lot of things _________ (sell) in Oxfam shops, including books. The money _______ (use) by Oxfam to help poor people.
was set up
was opened
are sold
is used
Daniel: That’s good. There are also some charity projects in China. One of them ________ (call) Project Hope. It __________ (start) in 1989. With its help, millions of poor children all over the country __________ (give) basic education.
is called
was started
are given
Amy: Yea. Many schools __________ (build) in poor areas each year.
are built
填空（完成被动语态填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .
is
cleaned
was given by
Practice
3.I found the ticket on the floor.
______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.
4.I told her to return the book in time.
She ______ _______ to return the book in time.
The ticket was found
was told
5. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.
1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.
2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.
we were given
were
given to us
1. Review the contents of this lesson.
2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.
3. Preview the next lesson.