第四讲 七年级下Units 5-8
beautiful (adj.) →ugly (反义词)→beauty(n.)→beautifully(adv. )
Australia(n.) →Australian(adj. )
south(n.)→southern(adj.)→southeast (合成词)东南
Africa(n.)→African(adj.)
sleep (n&v.)→sleepy(adj.)睡着的→awake(形容词的反义词)醒着的
danger(n.)→dangerous (adj.)→safe(形容词的反义词)安全的
America(n.)→American (adj.)
child (n.)→children (复数)
rain (n.&v.)→rainy (adj.)
sun (n. ) → sunny (adj.)
bad(adj.)→worse(比较级)→worst (最高级)
12 dry (adj.)→wet(反义词)
13 cold (adj.)→hot (反义词)
14 miss (v.)→missing (adj.) 消失的,不见的
15 visit(v.)→visitor (n.)参观者
16 Canada (n.) → Canadian (adj.)
17 office (n.)→officer (n.)军官
18north(n.)→northern(adj.)→northeast (合成词)东北
19 friend(n.)→friendly(adj.)→unfriendly(形容词的反义词)→friendship(n.)友谊
20 forget(v.)→forgot(过去式)→ forgotten(过去分词)→forgetting (现在分词)
21use(n.&v.)→useful (adj.)→useless(形容词的反义词)
22 enjoy(v.)→enjoyable (adj.)
“你为什么想看它们?”“因为它们很有趣。”
---- Why do you want to see them ?
---- Because they’re interesting .
他(小狗)可以用两条腿走路。
He can walk on two legs .
大象是泰国的象征之一。
The elephant is one of Thailand’s symbols .
你想跟我一起吃饭吗?
Do you want to join me for dinner ?
“北京的天气怎么样?”“天气晴朗.”
----How’s the weather /What’s the weather like in Beijing?
----It’s sunny .
“近来怎么样?”“还不错。”
----How’s it going ?
----Not bad.
你能否告诉他给我回个电话?
Could you just tell him to call me back ?
我正开心地拜访我在加拿大的姑姑。
I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada.
要去那儿的话,我通常步行外出,在大桥路向右拐。
To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.
图书馆很安静,我喜欢在那里看书。
The library is very quiet and I enjoy reading there .
考点5 kind of
考向1:非常口语化的表达方式,意为“有点儿,稍微”,后接形容词。
eg : That show is kind of boring . 那个节目有点无聊。
考向2:kind of = a little = a bit = a little bit ,均意为“有点儿”。
eg: She is kind of /a little / a bit / a little bit shy .她有点害羞。
考向3:kind 短语总结
a kind of 一种
different kinds of 不同种类的
all kinds of 各种各样的
be kind to sb 对某人和蔼可亲
◆考点突破
1. Portuguese is _______ language , and it’s ______ difficult .
A a kind ; kind
B a kind of ; kind of
C kind of ; a kind of
D kind of ; kind of
【答案】B
【解析】 句意“葡萄牙语是一种语言,它有点难。”a kind of “一种....”; kind of “有点儿”。
考点2 weather n.
eg : What is the weather like in your hometown ? 你家乡的天气怎么样?
考向1:常用问天气的句型 :
What’s the weather like in ....?= How’s the weather in ....?
在.....天气怎么样?
考向2:weather 为不可数名词
eg : What good weather it is !
多么好的天气啊!
考向3: 常见短语
Weather forecast/report 天气预报
weatherman 气象播音员
fine weather 好天气
◆考点突破
2. [2017·山东] Look at the smog (烟雾). _______ bad weather it is !
A How B. How a C. What D. What a
【答案】C
【解析】 此题考查感叹句。此感叹句中bad 修饰weather ,故核心词为weather.不可数名词weather不与a 连用。
3 (2018,贵州) ----What’s the weather like in your hometown ?
----______ .
A Yes, I like it
B It’s warm in winter
C Why not ?
D Yes, very much
【答案】B
【解析】 考查情景交际。问天气状况的答语用it’s +表天气的形容词。
考点3 hard adv. &adj.
eg : It’s hard to say . 很难说。
Jack works very hard and the boss likes him very much . 杰克工作很努力,老板很喜欢他。
考向1:hard作形容词“困难的”讲时,同义词为difficult .
eg: The farmers here are having a hard /difficult time .
这儿的农民正在度过一段困难时期。
考向2: hard还可作副词“大量地”和形容词“坚硬的”讲。
eg : It’s snowing hard . 雪正下得很大。
Hard food is bad for old people’s teeth.
坚硬的食物对老人的牙齿有害。
考向3 : 副词hard 与hardly
hard 意思为“努力地;艰难地”,用在实义动词后。
hardly意思为“几乎不;几乎没有”,用在be动词后或实义动词前。
eg : My sister studies hard . 我姐姐学习努力。
My sister hardly studies . 我姐姐几乎不学习。
◆考点突破
4 (2018,江苏)I could ______ control my feelings at the moment . The song brought back so many childhood memories .
A really B. hardly C. nearly D. clearly
【答案】B
【解析】 hardly表示否定,“几乎不”,此睡表示“我”几乎在此刻控制不了 “我”的感情。
考点4 pay n.&v.
考向1: 辨析:pay,spend , cost 和take
pay主语是人,指花钱
pay for sth/sb付某物的钱,替某人付钱
I’ll pay for the ticket 我来买票。
pay sb 付钱给某人
They pay us every month . 他们每月给我们报酬。
spend主语是人,指花钱和时间
spend time/money on sth 在某事/物上花费时间/金钱
I spent two hours on this maths problem 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事
They spent two years (in) building this bridge 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
cost花钱,主语通常为物
sth costs (sb) +金钱 某物花了(某人)多少钱
Tickets cost ten dollars each . 每张票价为十美元。
spend money for sth 花钱买某物
His money was spent for books . 他的钱用来买书了。
take主语通常为it ,指花时间
It takes sb+时间+to do sth 做某事花了某人多少时间
It took them three years to build this road . 他们用了三年时间修这条路。
doing sth takes sb + 时间 做某事花了某人多少时间
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon . 他花了整个下午的时间修这辆车。
◆考点突破
5(2018,山东)----How much is the ticket to Central Park ?
----A one-way ticket _______ $40, and you can _____ another $20 for a round-trip.
A costs; pay B. cost; spend C. pay ; spend D. spends ; pay
【答案】A
【解析】 考查动词辨析。Cost “花费”物作主语,spend “花费”人作主语,pay for 付款,人作主语。
6 (2017,湖北)It _____ about 10 days _____ painting walls .
A took; to finish B. cost ; finishing
C took; finishing D spent ; to finish
【答案】A
【解析】 考查动词辨析。It takes /took some time to do sth 花费某人一些时间做某事。
考点5 Where’s ....?
考向:此句是表达问路的用语。类似的问路句型及回答还有:
问句
答语
Could you tell me the way to ...? / Could you show me the way to ...? / Could you tell me how to get to ...? Could you show me how I can get to ...?
肯定: It’s over there . 在那边。 / Take the +序数词+turning on the right /left. 在第.....个路口向右/左拐。 Turn right /left at the +序数词+crossing 在第....个十字路口向右/左拐。
It’s next to ....它紧挨着....
You’d better take a +交通工具
◆考点突破
7 ----Could you tell me how to get to Xuzhou Railway Station , please ?
---- ________.
A No, I couldn’t
B Don’t ask me
C Thank you all the same .
D Certainly. You can take the No. 1 bus
【答案】D
【解析】 考查问路的表达 。采用分析语境法。问句: 请问你能告诉我怎样到达徐州火车站吗?
考点6 enjoy v.
考向1:enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
eg : I enjoy reading . 我喜欢做某事。
考向2:enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,相当于have a good time 或have fun
eg : They enjoyed themselves at the party .
他们在聚会上玩得很开心。
◆考点突破
8 (2017,湖南) ----Laura enjoys _____ storybooks
----Me, too.
A reading B. read C. to read
【答案】A
【解析】 enjoy 后接动名词形式。
◆why引导的特殊疑问句
Why是疑问句,意思是“为什么”,用来询问原因、理由,一般由“Why+一般疑问句”构成特殊疑问句。
Why is he here ?他为什么在这儿?
Why does he like this book ?他为什么喜欢这本书?
Why引导的特殊疑问句,一般用Because ...来回答。because 是连词,作“因为”讲,其后要接一个句子来陈述原因、理由。
----Why don’t you like English?你为什么不喜欢英语?
----Because it’s difficult.因为英语很难。
◆形容词用法
形容词修饰名词、用以说明事物或人的性质或特征。形容词是英语中最常用的词性之一。它通常在句中作定语、表语等。
作定语
形容词用于修饰名词或代词one,ones,作定语,位于名词或代词之前。
This is an old book . 这是一本旧书。
I want some large ones . 我想要些大的。
作表语
形容词放在连系动词(be/look/feel/sound等)后,作表语,构成系表结构,即“连系动词+表语”,说明主语是什么或怎么样,即说明主语的特性。
They’re cute . 它们很可爱。
He looks very happy. 他看起来很高兴。
◆考点突破
(2018·江西) I can’t eat any more food , I am _____ .
A busy B. hungry C. full D. serious
【答案】C
【解析】busy “忙的”;hungry “饿的”;full “满的,饱的”;serious “严肃的”。由“我不能再吃食物”可知“我饱了”。 故选C。
◆现在进行时态
现在进行时态的定义
现在进行时态表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。
现在进行时态的标志词
now (现在), look (看), listen (听), these days (这些天),at the moment (现在)
现在进行时的结构
主语+be(am, is , are )+动词的现在分词
动词的现在分词的构成:
一般直接在动词后加-ing.
look- looking ; go-going ; visit-visiting
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词变现在分词要去掉e再加-ing .
come- coming ; have - having ; make -making ; take -taking ; dance-dancing ; practice-practicing ; hope -hoping ; write -writing ; live -living ; leave -leaving ; move-moving ; give-giving ; drive-driving ; arrive-arriving
以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,变现在分词要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing .
get-getting ; forget-forgetting ; shop-shopping ; stop - stopping ; swim -swimming ; put - putting ; begin-beginning ; run-running ; cut - cutting
以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词变现在分词要直接加-ing .
study-studying ; fly-flying ; cry-crying ; carry-carrying
以ie结尾的重读开音节动词,变ie为y , 再加-ing .
die - dying ; lie- lying ; tie-tying
现在进行时态的用法
可通过上下文显示动作正在进行。
Don’t make any noise ! Your father is sleeping . 别制造噪音!你父亲正在睡觉。
It’s 12 o’clock . My mother is doing some cooking . 十二点了。我母亲正在做饭。
现在进行时态与always 连用,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,有强烈的感彩。
He is always asking questions. 他总是问问题。
You are always forgetting your homework . 你总是忘记你的家庭作业。
一般不用现在进行时态的动词。
一些表示态度、情感、心理状态等的动词,一般不用现在进行时态。如hear, see ,notice, like , love , know , want , hope , hate, think , wish 等。
I hope you understand me. 我希望你理解我。
Look! He has a lot of money . 看!他有许多钱。
一些表示动作转移的动词可以用现在进行时态表示将来,表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 这样的动词主要有:go, come , begin , start , leave , become 等。
I’m going shopping tomorrow. 明天我要去购物。
He is leaving for Beijing next week . 他下周启程去北京。
When are you starting ?你什么时候开始?
They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这里。
现在进行时态的否定、疑问形式及其回答 。
因为现在进行时态中有be动词,所以变否定句时就在be动词后加not,变疑问句时就把be动词提到句首,回答仍用be动词。
Jim is doing his homework now . 现在吉姆正在做他的家庭作业。
→Jim isn’t doing his homework now. 现在吉姆没在做他的家庭作业 。
→Is Jim doing his homework now?现在吉姆正在做他的家庭作业吗?
◆考点突破
2 (2018,贵州)Look! Peter ______ TV happily , but his parents are busy in the kitchen .
A is watching B. watches C. watched
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查时态用法。由上文的“看”可知此处的动作正在进行时,推知选A。
how long 用来提问时间长短,意为“多长时间”。
----How long does it take you to finish your homework ?完成作业花费你多长时间?
----It takes me an hour to finish my homework . 完成作业花费我一个小时的时间。
◆考点突破
(2018,南京)---- ______ do you watch TV every week ?
----Less than two hours . I often have much homework to do .
【答案】C
【解析】how many “多少”,询问可数名词的数量;how much “多少”,询问不可数名词的数量或物品的价格;how long “多长(时间)”;how often “多久一次”,询问频率。由答语 “Less than two hours .(不到两个小时。)”知问句询问时间的长短,故用how long .
how far 用来提问距离,意为“多远”。其答语分为两种情况:
a 用长度单位表示
----How far is it from your home to the bus stop ?从你家到公共汽车站有多远?
----It’s five kilometers. 5千米远。
b 用时间表示
----How far is the park from the supermarket ?从超市到公园有多远?
----It’s ten minutes’walk .步行10分钟的路程。
◆考点突破
6 (2018,四川)----______ is it from Leshan to Chengdu?
----I’m not sure , but it takes about two hours to get there by bus .
A How soon B. How far C. How fast
【答案】B
【解析】how soon 指时间“多久,多快”,常用于将来时;how far指距离、路程,意为“多远”;how far 指速度有“多快”。根据答语知问句询问从乐山到成都的距离 。
◆祈使句的用法
祈使句概说
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令、祈使句对象(即主语)是第二个称,所以通常都活力主语。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。 (命令)
Be quiet . please 请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters . 对姐妹要和善。 (劝告)
Watch your steps . 走路小心。 (警告)
Look out ! Danger ! 小心!危险!(强烈警告)
Keep off the grass . 勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
祈使句的形式
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t .
Don’t forget me !不要忘记我!
Don’t be late for school !上学不要迟到!
Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。
Don’t let him go . / Let his not go . 别让他走。
(3 )有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking !禁止吸烟!No fishing !禁止垂钓。
一、选择题
1.What does your sister like , music , art _____ sports?
A and B. or C. but D. /
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你姐姐喜欢什么?音乐、美术还是体育?or表示选择,意为“或者,还是”故选 B。
2 ----Can you draw ?
---- ______ .
A Yes, I am B. No, I am C. No, I can’t D. Yes, I do
【答案】C
【解析】Can you ....?的肯定答语是 “Yes, I can.”,否定答语是 “No, I can’t .”
Tom can play the guitar, but he can’t play it ______.
A well B. good C. nice D. fine
【答案】A
【解析】修饰动词play要用副词形式,good , nice , fine都是形容词。
Do you want to _____ the music club ?
A join B. join in C. joins D. joins in
【答案】A
【解析】join the music意为“加入音乐倶乐部”;want to 后跟动词原形。
----_____ you swim ?
---- Yes, I can.
A Do B. Are C. Does D. Can
【答案】D
【解析】由答语“Yes, I can.”可知问句是以can 开头的一般疑问句。
Let’s play ______ violin after school .
A a B. an C. / D. the
【答案】D
【解析】play the violin “拉小提琴”
----Are you _____ kids ?
---- Yes, I like kids very much .
A good with B. like C. good at D. like with
【答案】A
【解析】由答语“是的,我非常喜欢小孩”可知,问句为“你善于与小孩相处吗?”。be good with... “善于.....”
8 His brother goes to school _____ 7:30 in the morning .
A on B. at C. of D. in
【答案】B
【解析】在几点钟用介词at.
9 He ______at five o’clock .
A have breakfast B. have breakfasts
C has breakfst D. has breakfasts
【答案】C
【解析】have breakfast “吃早餐”,主语为第三人称单数代词he,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式,故用has .
10 All my classmates like ______ music .
A listen B. listen to C. listening D. listening to
【答案】D
【解析】like doing sth 意为“喜欢做某事”;listen to music 意为“听音乐”。
My parents usually ______ at about six p.m.
A get home B. gets home C. get to home D. gets to home
【答案】A
【解析】get home “到家”,再由主语为复数可知选A。
---- _____ does Wang Nan usually go to bed ?
----At seven .
A What time B. How time C. Who D. How
【答案】A
【解析】对具体的时间提问用what time .
13 ----_____do you go to work ?
---- By bus .
A What B. How C. How long D. How far
【答案】B
【解析】由答语 By bus. 可知问句询问的是交通方式,故用how 提问。
14 There are sixty _____in an hour .
A hours B. days C. minutes D. seconds
【答案】C
【解析】句意:一小时有60分钟。故选 C。
15 My home isn’t far from here . It’s only _____walk .
A ten minutes B. ten minutes’ C ten minute’s D. ten minute
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的家离这儿不远,只有10分钟的步行路程。Walk在此是名词,“步行多少分钟的路程”用minutes 在此应用复数。
16 What time does she leave _____Shanghai ?
A for B. to C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】leave for...动身去...
17 Tom sits _____ Mary and Jane .
A among B. between C. on D. next
【答案】B
【解析】between ...and...在....和...之间
18 My home is _____ my school .
A 5 miles away from B. 5 miles faraway from
C 5 miles far away D. 5 miles away
【答案】A
【解析】“数词+away from”意为“离...远”。
19 It is difficult _____ English well .
A learn B. to learn C. learning D. learns
【答案】B
【解析】It is +adj.+to do sth .句型中, it 为形式主语,动词不定式(短语)这真正的主语,故选to learn.
20 He often goes to work _____ his car .
A by B. in C. at D. with
【答案】B
【解析】by car = in the /one’s car, 故选B项。
21 He is a ______ boy .
A five year old B. five-year-old
C five-years-old D. five years old
【答案】B
【解析】“数词+名词单数+形容词”成复合形容词,作前置定语。five-year-old意为“5岁的”
22 ----_____is it from your home to hte shopping mall ?
---- About fifteen minutes’ ride .
A How long B. How far C. How soon D. How much
【答案】B
【解析】由答语“大约15分钟的骑车车程”可知提问距离,故用how far .
23 Rose ____ to school very early every day .
A arrives B. gets C. reaches D arrive
【答案】B
【解析】arrive in /at =get to =reach 意为“到达”,句中时态为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,故选B。
24 On Sundays I have to go to the farm ______ my parents .
A to help B. help C. helped D. helping
【答案】A
【解析】动词不定式作目的状语,表明“我”去农场的目的是帮助“我”的父母。
25 ----Can we listen to music here ?
----_____ . Listening to music is not allowed in the library .
A Yes, we can B. Yes, we can’t C No, you can’t D. No , you can
【答案】C
【解析】由答语中 “在图书馆不被允许听音乐”可知回答应是否定的,根据答语前后一致原则可知,应选C。
26 You don’t _____ get up early on Sundays .
A need B. must C. have to D. can
【答案】C
【解析】本句是由“助动词在don’t +动词原形” 构成的否定句式,故排除情态动词must与can ; need 作实义动词时,其后跟动词不定式,故排除A项;由句意“在星期天你不必早起”知选C。
27 I have _____ homework to do today .
A too many B. too much C much too D. very much
【答案】B
【解析】too many +可数名词复数,意为“太多”;too much +不可数名词,意为“太多”;much too +形容词或副词,意为“太....”; very much 修饰动词,意为“非常”。因homework 为不可数名词,故选B。
28 Can you go _____ on school nights ?
【答案】C
【解析】go up 意为“上升”;out of 为介词短语,不符合题意;go out 指“外出参加社交活动”;in “在家”,不符合题意。 由句意“在上学日的晚上你能出去吗?”知选 C。
A up B. out of C. out D. in
29 We have to ______uniforms at school .
A wear B. put on C. in D. have
【答案】A
【解析】have to 后接词原形,in为介词,故排除C项;wear表示穿衣服的状态,put on 和have 不合题意。 故选 A。
30 ____ music in the classroom
A Not listen to B. Don’t hear C. Don’t listen to D. Can’t hear
【答案】C
【解析】祈使句的否定句是在句首加Don’t , 排除A,D两项;hear “听见”强调听的结果,与题意不符;listen to music “听音乐”,为固定搭配。
第四讲 七年级下Units 5-8
beautiful (adj.) →______ (反义词)→beauty(n.)→________(adv. )
Australia(n.) →________adj. )
south(n.)→_______(adj.)→__________(合成词)东南
Africa(n.)→_________(adj.)
sleep (n&v.)→______(adj.)睡着的→______(形容词的反义词)醒着的
danger(n.)→__________ (adj.)→_______(形容词的反义词)安全的
America(n.)→________(adj.)
child (n.)→________(复数)
rain (n.&v.)→________(adj.)
sun (n. ) → ________(adj.)
bad(adj.)→______(比较级)→_________(最高级)
12 dry (adj.)→________(反义词)
13 cold (adj.)→________(反义词)
14 miss (v.)→_______(adj.) 消失的,不见的
15 visit(v.)→_______(n.)参观者
16 Canada (n.) →_______(adj.)
17 office (n.)→________ (n.)军官
18north(n.)→________(adj.)→__________(合成词)东北
19friend(n.)→_______(adj.)→____________(形容词的反义词)→__________(n.)友谊
20 forget(v.)→_______(过去式)→ _______(过去分词)→________(现在分词)
21use(n.&v.)→______(adj.)→_________(形容词的反义词)
22 enjoy(v.)→_________ (adj.)
“你为什么想看它们?”“因为它们很有趣。”
----)______ do you _________ them ?
----_________they’re interesting .
他(小狗)可以用两条腿走路。
He can______________
大象是泰国的象征之一。
The elephant is_______________.
你想跟我一起吃饭吗?
Do you want to_____________dinner ?
“北京的天气怎么样?”“天气晴朗.”
----___________________________in Beijing?
----It’s sunny .
“近来怎么样?”“还不错。”
---__________________
----Not bad.
你能否告诉他给我回个电话?
Could you just_______________________?
我正开心地拜访我在加拿大的姑姑。
I’m_______________________my aunt in Canada.
要去那儿的话,我通常步行外出,在大桥路向右拐。
___________________, I usually walk out and_______________ Bridge Road.
图书馆很安静,我喜欢在那里看书。
The library is very quiet and I _________________ there .
考点5 kind of
考向1:非常口语化的表达方式,意为“有点儿,稍微”,后接形容词。
eg : That show is kind of boring . 那个节目有点无聊。
考向2:kind of = a little = a bit = a little bit ,均意为“有点儿”。
eg: She is kind of /a little / a bit / a little bit shy .她有点害羞。
考向3:kind 短语总结
a kind of 一种
different kinds of 不同种类的
all kinds of 各种各样的
be kind to sb 对某人和蔼可亲
◆考点突破
1. Portuguese is _______ language , and it’s ______ difficult .
A a kind ; kind
B a kind of ; kind of
C kind of ; a kind of
D kind of ; kind of
考点2 weather n.
eg : What is the weather like in your hometown ? 你家乡的天气怎么样?
考向1:常用问天气的句型 :
What’s the weather like in ....?= How’s the weather in ....?
在.....天气怎么样?
考向2:weather 为不可数名词
eg : What good weather it is !
多么好的天气啊!
考向3: 常见短语
Weather forecast/report 天气预报
weatherman 气象播音员
fine weather 好天气
◆考点突破
2. [2017·山东] Look at the smog (烟雾). _______ bad weather it is !
A How B. How a C. What D. What a
3 (2018,贵州) ----What’s the weather like in your hometown ?
----______ .
A Yes, I like it
B It’s warm in winter
C Why not ?
D Yes, very much
考点3 hard adv. &adj.
eg : It’s hard to say . 很难说。
Jack works very hard and the boss likes him very much . 杰克工作很努力,老板很喜欢他。
考向1:hard作形容词“困难的”讲时,同义词为difficult .
eg: The farmers here are having a hard /difficult time .
这儿的农民正在度过一段困难时期。
考向2: hard还可作副词“大量地”和形容词“坚硬的”讲。
eg : It’s snowing hard . 雪正下得很大。
Hard food is bad for old people’s teeth.
坚硬的食物对老人的牙齿有害。
考向3 : 副词hard 与hardly
hard 意思为“努力地;艰难地”,用在实义动词后。
hardly意思为“几乎不;几乎没有”,用在be动词后或实义动词前。
eg : My sister studies hard . 我姐姐学习努力。
My sister hardly studies . 我姐姐几乎不学习。
◆考点突破
4 (2018,江苏)I could ______ control my feelings at the moment . The song brought back so many childhood memories .
A really B. hardly C. nearly D. clearly
考点4 pay n.&v.
考向1: 辨析:pay,spend , cost 和take
pay主语是人,指花钱
pay for sth/sb付某物的钱,替某人付钱
I’ll pay for the ticket 我来买票。
pay sb 付钱给某人
They pay us every month . 他们每月给我们报酬。
spend主语是人,指花钱和时间
spend time/money on sth 在某事/物上花费时间/金钱
I spent two hours on this maths problem 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
spend time/money (in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事
They spent two years (in) building this bridge 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
cost花钱,主语通常为物
sth costs (sb) +金钱 某物花了(某人)多少钱
Tickets cost ten dollars each . 每张票价为十美元。
spend money for sth 花钱买某物
His money was spent for books . 他的钱用来买书了。
take主语通常为it ,指花时间
It takes sb+时间+to do sth 做某事花了某人多少时间
It took them three years to build this road . 他们用了三年时间修这条路。
doing sth takes sb + 时间 做某事花了某人多少时间
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon . 他花了整个下午的时间修这辆车。
◆考点突破
5(2018,山东)----How much is the ticket to Central Park ?
----A one-way ticket _______ $40, and you can _____ another $20 for a round-trip.
A costs; pay B. cost; spend C. pay ; spend D. spends ; pay
6 (2017,湖北)It _____ about 10 days _____ painting walls .
A took; to finish B. cost ; finishing
C took; finishing D spent ; to finish
考点5 Where’s ....?
考向:此句是表达问路的用语。类似的问路句型及回答还有:
问句
答语
Could you tell me the way to ...? / Could you show me the way to ...? / Could you tell me how to get to ...? Could you show me how I can get to ...?
肯定: It’s over there . 在那边。 / Take the +序数词+turning on the right /left. 在第.....个路口向右/左拐。 Turn right /left at the +序数词+crossing 在第....个十字路口向右/左拐。
It’s next to ....它紧挨着....
You’d better take a +交通工具
◆考点突破
7 ----Could you tell me how to get to Xuzhou Railway Station , please ?
---- ________.
A No, I couldn’t
B Don’t ask me
C Thank you all the same .
D Certainly. You can take the No. 1 bus
考点6 enjoy v.
考向1:enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
eg : I enjoy reading . 我喜欢做某事。
考向2:enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,相当于have a good time 或have fun
eg : They enjoyed themselves at the party .
他们在聚会上玩得很开心。
◆考点突破
8 (2017,湖南) ----Laura enjoys _____ storybooks
----Me, too.
◆why引导的特殊疑问句
Why是疑问句,意思是“为什么”,用来询问原因、理由,一般由“Why+一般疑问句”构成特殊疑问句。
Why is he here ?他为什么在这儿?
Why does he like this book ?他为什么喜欢这本书?
Why引导的特殊疑问句,一般用Because ...来回答。because 是连词,作“因为”讲,其后要接一个句子来陈述原因、理由。
----Why don’t you like English?你为什么不喜欢英语?
----Because it’s difficult.因为英语很难。
◆形容词用法
形容词修饰名词、用以说明事物或人的性质或特征。形容词是英语中最常用的词性之一。它通常在句中作定语、表语等。
作定语
形容词用于修饰名词或代词one,ones,作定语,位于名词或代词之前。
This is an old book . 这是一本旧书。
I want some large ones . 我想要些大的。
作表语
形容词放在连系动词(be/look/feel/sound等)后,作表语,构成系表结构,即“连系动词+表语”,说明主语是什么或怎么样,即说明主语的特性。
They’re cute . 它们很可爱。
He looks very happy. 他看起来很高兴。
◆考点突破
(2018·江西) I can’t eat any more food , I am _____ .
A busy B. hungry C. full D. serious
◆现在进行时态
现在进行时态的定义
现在进行时态表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。
现在进行时态的标志词
now (现在), look (看), listen (听), these days (这些天),at the moment (现在)
现在进行时的结构
主语+be(am, is , are )+动词的现在分词
动词的现在分词的构成:
一般直接在动词后加-ing.
look- looking ; go-going ; visit-visiting
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词变现在分词要去掉e再加-ing .
come- coming ; have - having ; make -making ; take -taking ; dance-dancing ; practice-practicing ; hope -hoping ; write -writing ; live -living ; leave -leaving ; move-moving ; give-giving ; drive-driving ; arrive-arriving
以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,变现在分词要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing .
get-getting ; forget-forgetting ; shop-shopping ; stop - stopping ; swim -swimming ; put - putting ; begin-beginning ; run-running ; cut - cutting
以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词变现在分词要直接加-ing .
study-studying ; fly-flying ; cry-crying ; carry-carrying
以ie结尾的重读开音节动词,变ie为y , 再加-ing .
die - dying ; lie- lying ; tie-tying
现在进行时态的用法
可通过上下文显示动作正在进行。
Don’t make any noise ! Your father is sleeping . 别制造噪音!你父亲正在睡觉。
It’s 12 o’clock . My mother is doing some cooking . 十二点了。我母亲正在做饭。
现在进行时态与always 连用,表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,有强烈的感彩。
He is always asking questions. 他总是问问题。
You are always forgetting your homework . 你总是忘记你的家庭作业。
一般不用现在进行时态的动词。
一些表示态度、情感、心理状态等的动词,一般不用现在进行时态。如hear, see ,notice, like , love , know , want , hope , hate, think , wish 等。
I hope you understand me. 我希望你理解我。
Look! He has a lot of money . 看!他有许多钱。
一些表示动作转移的动词可以用现在进行时态表示将来,表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。 这样的动词主要有:go, come , begin , start , leave , become 等。
I’m going shopping tomorrow. 明天我要去购物。
He is leaving for Beijing next week . 他下周启程去北京。
When are you starting ?你什么时候开始?
They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这里。
现在进行时态的否定、疑问形式及其回答 。
因为现在进行时态中有be动词,所以变否定句时就在be动词后加not,变疑问句时就把be动词提到句首,回答仍用be动词。
Jim is doing his homework now . 现在吉姆正在做他的家庭作业。
→Jim isn’t doing his homework now. 现在吉姆没在做他的家庭作业 。
→Is Jim doing his homework now?现在吉姆正在做他的家庭作业吗?
◆考点突破
2 (2018,贵州)Look! Peter ______ TV happily , but his parents are busy in the kitchen .
A is watching B. watches C. watched
how long 用来提问时间长短,意为“多长时间”。
----How long does it take you to finish your homework ?完成作业花费你多长时间?
----It takes me an hour to finish my homework . 完成作业花费我一个小时的时间。
◆考点突破
(2018,南京)---- ______ do you watch TV every week ?
----Less than two hours . I often have much homework to do .
how far 用来提问距离,意为“多远”。其答语分为两种情况:
a 用长度单位表示
----How far is it from your home to the bus stop ?从你家到公共汽车站有多远?
----It’s five kilometers. 5千米远。
b 用时间表示
----How far is the park from the supermarket ?从超市到公园有多远?
----It’s ten minutes’walk .步行10分钟的路程。
◆考点突破
6 (2018,四川)----______ is it from Leshan to Chengdu?
----I’m not sure , but it takes about two hours to get there by bus .
A How soon B. How far C. How fast
◆祈使句的用法
祈使句概说
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令、祈使句对象(即主语)是第二个称,所以通常都活力主语。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗你的手。 (命令)
Be quiet . please 请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters . 对姐妹要和善。 (劝告)
Watch your steps . 走路小心。 (警告)
Look out ! Danger ! 小心!危险!(强烈警告)
Keep off the grass . 勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
祈使句的形式
Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t .
Don’t forget me !不要忘记我!
Don’t be late for school !上学不要迟到!
Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。
Don’t let him go . / Let his not go . 别让他走。
(3 )有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking !禁止吸烟!No fishing !禁止垂钓。
一、选择题
1.What does your sister like , music , art _____ sports?
A and B. or C. but D. /
2 ----Can you draw ?
---- ______ .
A Yes, I am B. No, I am C. No, I can’t D. Yes, I do
Tom can play the guitar, but he can’t play it ______.
A well B. good C. nice D. fine
Do you want to _____ the music club ?
A join B. join in C. joins D. joins in
----_____ you swim ?
---- Yes, I can.
A Do B. Are C. Does D. Can
Let’s play ______ violin after school .
A a B. an C. / D. the
----Are you _____ kids ?
---- Yes, I like kids very much .
A good with B. like C. good at D. like with
8 His brother goes to school _____ 7:30 in the morning .
A on B. at C. of D. in
9 He ______at five o’clock .
A have breakfast B. have breakfasts
C has breakfst D. has breakfasts
10 All my classmates like ______ music .
A listen B. listen to C. listening D. listening to
My parents usually ______ at about six p.m.
A get home B. gets home C. get to home D. gets to home
---- _____ does Wang Nan usually go to bed ?
----At seven .
A What time B. How time C. Who D. How
13 ----_____do you go to work ?
---- By bus .
A What B. How C. How long D. How far
14 There are sixty _____in an hour .
A hours B. days C. minutes D. seconds
15 My home isn’t far from here . It’s only _____walk .
A ten minutes B. ten minutes’ C ten minute’s D. ten minute
16 What time does she leave _____Shanghai ?
A for B. to C. in D. at
17 Tom sits _____ Mary and Jane .
A among B. between C. on D. next
18 My home is _____ my school .
A 5 miles away from B. 5 miles faraway from
C 5 miles far away D. 5 miles away
19 It is difficult _____ English well .
A learn B. to learn C. learning D. learns
20 He often goes to work _____ his car .
A by B. in C. at D. with
21 He is a ______ boy .
A five year old B. five-year-old
C five-years-old D. five years old
22 ----_____is it from your home to hte shopping mall ?
---- About fifteen minutes’ ride .
A How long B. How far C. How soon D. How much
23 Rose ____ to school very early every day .
A arrives B. gets C. reaches D arrive
24 On Sundays I have to go to the farm ______ my parents .
A to help B. help C. helped D. helping
25 ----Can we listen to music here ?
----_____ . Listening to music is not allowed in the library .
A Yes, we can B. Yes, we can’t C No, you can’t D. No , you can
26 You don’t _____ get up early on Sundays .
A need B. must C. have to D. can
27 I have _____ homework to do today .
A too many B. too much C much too D. very much
28 Can you go _____ on school nights ?
A up B. out of C. out D. in
29 We have to ______uniforms at school .
A wear B. put on C. in D. have
30 ____ music in the classroom
A Not listen to B. Don’t hear C. Don’t listen to D. Can’t hear