Unit 1 How can we become good learners. Section A Grammar Focus-4c 课件（47张PPT）

Unit 1
How can we become good learners?
Section A
Grammar Focus-4c
结束做某事
逐词的
一开始
发现做某事很难
语言学习的秘密
害怕做某事
爱上
肢体语言
脸上的表情
关健词
对……感兴趣
在字典中查这个单词
finish doing sth.
word by word
at first
find it difficult to do sth.
the secret to language learning
be afraid to do sth.
fall in love with
body language
the expressions on the faces
key words
be interested in
look up the word in the dictionary
Thinking：
Mindmap
1 Problem


Class: ___________________________________________
Teacher: ________________________________________
Wei Fen: _________________________________________
2 The way to learn English
3 Result: _______________________________________________________
didn’t like …
/ like a bad dream
spoke too quickly
was afraid to …
/ hid behind …
body language
expressions
key words
conversations
useful
dictionary
enjoy …
/ want to learn …
/ have a better understanding of …
By speaking with foreigners.
By watching English programs.
By keeping a diary in English.
Do you know how I learn English?
By reading English books.
By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.
How do you learn English?
I learn English by...

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
c.
e
f
b
a
d
Free talk
Talk about the ways you learn other
subjects.
How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry?
Do you learn history and geography by___________?
How do you learn other subjects?

math physics chemistry Chinese history geography
e.g. I usually practice my English by taking
notes/ speaking English with my classmates
/ memorizing sentence patterns.
4b Make sentences using the structure “do sth. by doing” with the subjects in the box and information that is true for you.
a. I usually practice my math by______.
b. I usually practice my physics by_______. c. I usually practice my chemistry by____.
d. I usually practice my Chinese by _____.
e. I usually practice my history and
geography by ________.
Review--How do you study English?
I study English by listening to tapes.
I study English by watching _______
________.
English programs
Review--How do you practice English?
I practice English by _____ _________ in English.
I practice English by memorizing _________ __________.
taking notes
sentence
patterns
How do you practice listening?
I practice by ________ __ __ _____and ________ ___ _____.
How do you learn grammar?
I learn grammar by taking notes, ______ _______ and _______ a lot.
listening to
a tape
repeating
out loud
doing
exercises reading
How do you practice chemistry?
I practice chemistry by _________ ___ ______ _________.
I practice chemistry by reading ____________ ___________.
listening to the teachers carefully
scientific/science
magazines
How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.
How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes.
Grammar Focus
null
null
Discussing:总结by短语，及谈论学习方法句型
注意: how通常对程度或方式进行提问, 意为“怎么样”, 回答通常做状语或表语。
1. How is your summer holiday?
It is perfect. (表示______, 做______)
2. How did you travel around the world?
I traveled by bike. (表_____, 做______)

程度
表语
方式
状语
by 的用法
1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。
2) by train /boat/ bus 乘火车（船，公共汽车）

4) There is a power station by the river. 河边
5) one by one 一个接一个
6) a room 5m by 4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间
7). It’s nine o’clock by my watch. (根据,依照)
8).Can you finish the work by Thursday? (不迟于)
3) I study English by watching English movies. 通过
1. by+地点名词 表方位，意为：“_______”。
by?the?lake/river/tree/window/door等。
有时可表:“从…旁经过”,多与动词go / walk / pass等连用
2. by+时间名词
意为：“__________________”。
3. by+交通工具、交通方式名词
by?train /taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane; by?land/road/sea/water/air
4. by+动词 v-ing
意为：“通过…，靠…，凭…”。
5. by常用于被动语态，表示“被，由”，引出动作的执行者。
By的用法
在…旁边
不晚于…，在…之前
根据提示，用含有by的短语完成句子。
1.?Annie?went?to?Beijing?________ (乘火车)?yesterday.
2.?His?grandfather?made?a?living?_____________ (靠卖水果)?in?the?past.
3.?The?scientists?have?to?arrive?at?the?village?_________ (八月以前).
4.?Allen?goes?_______________ (经过邮局) on his way to school every morning.
5.?The?book?was?written?_________________ (由几个工程师).


by train
by selling fruits
by August
by the post office
by several engineers
5. by的常见短语：
by?the?way ____________
one?by?one / step?by?step / side?by?side（肩并肩）/
by?oneself ___________
by accident _________
by mistake ___________
by the end of...._____________
by the time _________
顺便说一下
单独，独自
意外的
错误地
截止到...
到...为止




















by
with
in
on
方式,手段
具体工具
语言,墨水
电器,媒介
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He went to London by air.
He cut the apple with a knife.
Most of us like to write with a pen.
Say it in English. Do your homework in ink.
I study English on TV. Don’t talk on the phone.

1. You'd better not ride ______ with your friends in the street. It's dangerous.
A side by side B as a result C as well as D by the way
2.--Does your father go to work by ______car every day?
--No, he sometims takes ____bus.
A a; the B the;a B /;a D /;/
3.More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work _____ underground.
A in B with C by D for
4.--Could I ___your cell phone,please? I want to call my father.
--Sorry. It has been taken away ____Lisa.
A borrow;by B lend; to C use; for D show;at
Free talk
Talk about the ways you learn other
subjects. You can use the following phrases and sentences.
How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry?
Do you learn history and geography by___________?
4a Answer the questions. Then
match the questions and answers.
1. How do you practice speaking?
2. How do you learn new words?
3. How do you improve your writing?
4. How do you practice listening?
5. How do you improve your
pronunciation?
6. How do you learn grammar?
1. How do you practice speaking?
2. How do you learn new words?
3. How do you improve your writing?
4. How do you practice listening?
5. How do you improve your pronunciation?
6. How do you learn grammar?
c
e
f
a
b
d
a. By watching English programs.
b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.
c. By having conversations with friends.
d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.
e. By making word cards.
f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals.
match physics chemistry
Chinese history geography
4b Complete these statements. Use
information that is true for you.
e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns.
4c Check (√) what you do to learn
English. Then interview your partner.
A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises?
B: Yes, I do.
A: How often do you do them?
B:…
I learn English by… My partner learns
English by…
yes no how often yes no how often
doing grammar exercises.
taking notes in English.
reading English books/magazines.
keeping a diary in English.
using an English dictionary.
…
通过
1.看英语节目
2.听磁带并大声重复
3.做笔记并且多读
4.给我的笔友写邮件
5.做语法练习题
6. 用英语记日记
7.阅读英语报纸和杂志
8. 使用英语字典
9. 记忆句型（结构）


by
1.watching English programs
2.listening to tapes and
repeating out loudly
3.taking notes and reading a lot
4.writing e-mails to my pen pals
5.doing grammar exercises
6. keeping diaries in English
7.reading English newspapers and magazines
8. using an English dictionary
9. memorizing sentence patterns


How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.
Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.
How can I improve my pronunciation? One way is by listening to tapes.
Grammar Focus
定 义: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征
的非谓语动词形式。
基本形式: V-ing
作 用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可
以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
性质 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语
动名词 n.
pron.




动名词
动名词的基本用法
1. 用作主语
所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。
e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous.
注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。
1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing…
2) It is a waste of time + doing …
3) It is fun + doing …
在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。
e.g. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
(覆水难收）
It is fun playing with children.
和孩子们一起玩真好。
2. 用作宾语
1) 作动词的宾语
常见的此类动词有：practise, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, 等。
e.g. How do you practice speaking?
I have to finish reading a book and give
a report.
2) 作介词的宾语
1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises.
2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?
3. He was late again because of getting up late.
4. Lock the doors and windows before going out.
5. What/How about the two of us playing games？
1. She can’t help ________ (cry) after _________ (hear) the bad news.
2. Do you feel like _______ (have) a break?
活学活用
hearing
having
crying
3) 既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。
e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel.
我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)
I will remember to see her at the hotel.
我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生)
1. remember/forget/ regret

to do 动作尚未发生
doing 动作已经发生
2. try

to do 设法、努力去做，尽力
doing 试试去做（看有何结果）
3. mean

to do 打算做（主语一般是人）
doing 意味着（主语一般是物）
4. regret

to do 对将要做的事抱歉
doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔
5. stop

to do 停下去做另外一件事
doing 停止做手头的事情
３.作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows.
你的任务就是擦窗户。
(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）
时态
语态 一般时 完成时
主动语态 writing having written
被动语态 being written having been written
注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing
动名词的复合结构：
动名词的逻辑主语＋动名词＝动名词的复合结构
Would you mind _____（我开窗户吗）?
Would you mind my / me opening the window?
my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语。
I can’t understand Jack /Jack’s leaving his wife.
I can’t understand his/him leaving his wife.
Jack’s/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.
选择题：
1. My watch needs ________, but I have no time to go to town to have it _______.
A. to repair; repaired
B. to be repaired; repairing
C. repairing; repaired
D. being repaired; repaired
活学活用
2. You should apologize to your sister for _____ her the truth.
A. telling B. not telling
C. telling not D. not tell
3. ---The light in the office is still on.
---Oh, I forgot ___________ it off.
A. turning B. turn
C. to turn D. having turned
4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldn’t help ________.
A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cries
5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _______ English every day.
A. to practise speaking
B. practising speaking
C. to practise to speak
D. practising to speak
6. It is no use _______ without doing.
A. to promise B. promising
C. promise D. to be promised
Write a short composition about how to learn English.
Homework