中考英语专题讲练系列——阅读理解中的词汇题(猜词的意义，解析版)

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一、猜测词义题简介
考察学生对于阅读材料中挑出单词或短语，对其进行解释。
二、猜测词义提问方式
1. The underlined word/ phrase/ sentence “…” means/refers to_________.
2. According to the passage, the word “…” properly means _________.
3. By “…”, the author means _________.
4. In this story, the underlined word “…” means _________.
5. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “…” ?
6. Which of the following can best replace the word “…” ?
三、猜测词义题解题方法
1. 根据上下文语境进行猜测。这是最重要，也是最常用的方法。有些生词可以通过上下文的相关信息，如因果关系、同义词、反义词、定义等猜测词义。
2. 利用构词法进行猜测。英语中最基本的构词法有三种：派生、合成和转化。
1). 派生法———在一个单词(词根)加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词。
加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，一般只改变词义。加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它一般改变原词的词性，同时也改变词义。如：
常见的否定前缀有：un-, dis-, im-, in-, mis-,…
常见的形容词后缀有：- ful, -ing, -ed, -y, -able, - ible, -ical, -al,…
2). 合成法———把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词。
有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词。如：cold-blooded冷血的kind-hearted 心肠好的high-class高级的
3). 转化法——一种词类转化为一种或几种词类。
这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词意义有密切联系。如：
face 脸 — face 面对 nurse护士 — nurse 护理
daily每日的 — daily日报 waste浪费— waste废物
3. 根据释义猜词词义。释义常有定语从句或由…is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called, be known as等词汇或破折号“—”，冒号“：”等标点符号引出解释。
4. 指代类型词义猜测
正确选项符合两个特征：(1). 前文中的重复词；(2). 正确选项符合句义。
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一、考点：阅读理解中不可避免会遇到一些生词（部分是熟词偏义），这要求同学们能根据上下文（语境）和构词法等，迅速准确地猜测出词义。这就是我们词义猜测题的考查内容。
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题模一：通过上下文语境猜测词义
例1.1.1 Some people worry that teens with after-school jobs will have difficulty finding time for schoolwork. Actually, having a job helps teens make better use of their time. … Instead of considering working after school a hindrance, it should be looked at as real-world education.
1. The underlined word “ hindrance” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.
A． something that encourages teens to study
B． something that helps teens improve study
C． something that prevents teens from studying
D． something that makes teens lose interest in study
题模二：通过构词法猜测词义
例1.2.1 This is why scientists are calling for a standard explanation to be printed following the use-by dates. “We want this to be clearly communicated so customers are not misinterpreting the information and wasting a lot of food,”….
1. The underlined word “misinterpreting” probably means_________.
A． paying attention to
B． taking no notice of
C． making guesses about
D． having a wrong idea about
题模三：通过同义词或反义词猜测词义
例1.3.1 Imposed_Time: Activities including unexpected and difficult or dangerous situations which happen suddenly and which require quick action to deal with them.
1. What does the underlined phrase “ Imposed Time ” means?
A． Unreasonable time.
B． Valuable time.
C． Busy time.
D． Unpredictable time.
例1.3.2 … The question is: Why do schools teach music in a way that turns off so many young people rather than catch their imagination? Can we do a better job of using the power of music to get kids excited about school?
1. The expression “turn off” in Paragraph 1 means “_________”.
A． make kids feel cool
B． make kids feel bored
C． make kids feel confident
D． make kids feel nervous
题模四：通过释义猜测词义
例1.4.1 Mattel opened its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion_designers for their own Barbies. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie.
What’s the meaning of the underline words “fashion designers” in the passage?
A． 珠宝设计师
B． 发型设计师
C． 舞台设计师
D． 服装设计师
题模五：通过常识猜测词义
例1.5.1 It was a great way to get his mind off what he had to do later. As they got close to the school, he could feel his heart beating. His hands were starting to sweat. He hated this!
1. What does the underlined word “sweat” probably mean?
A． 触摸
B． 鼓掌
C． 出汗
D． 指点
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随练1.1 E-waste is fast becoming a serious problem around the world. This report will examine this problem and provide some possible ways to solve it.
We live in a society that is producing and using electronics(电子产品) all the time. It is often cheaper to buy new products than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies always encourage people to change their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E-waste is created when we throw away old ones. In the EU alone, about 8,700,000 tons of e-waste is produced each year. Sadly, just over 1,000,000 tons is recycled.
Burying(填埋) e-waste or burning it cause serious problems for the environment. Electronics have dangerous things in them. These things can then get into the ground or pollute the air when they are burnt.
In recent years, _________. However, their plans are not always managed properly. Sometimes electronics are just sent to poor countries such as Ghana. Here they are often burnt in public areas, which is very bad for people’s health. Setting up recycling centers is a good way to solve this problem. E-cycling centers could recycle the parts that can be reused and deal with the rest properly.
Another way is to make producers responsible(负责任) for their used products. This means that producers must take back old products which are no longer wanted. They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused.
As for us, we should try to cut down on e-waste. Change electronics only when we have to. And don’t buy a product just to have the latest model.
E-waste is a serious problem in the modern world. Both producers and users must take actions and try to keep it to the smallest amount.
1. According to the passage, it is often _________ to buy new electronics than to repair old ones.
A．more expensive
B．more difficult
C．cheaper
D．worse
2. In the passage the underlined word “they” refers to _________.
A．the old products
B．the producers
C．the users
D．the new products
3. Which of the following is the best for the blank in Paragraph 4?
A．the e-waste problem has been solved
B．the e-waste problem continues growing
C．many countries have started recycling e-waste
D．people haven’t realized the e-waste problem yet
4. Which sentence shows the writer’s opinion?
A．Burning e-waste causes problems for the environment.
B．E-waste problem is very serious and people should take actions.
C．Sometimes electronics are sent to poor countries such as Ghana.
D．In the EU alone, about 8,700,000 tons of e-waste is produced each year.
随练1.2 No one else knew about the extra (额外的) club in Zach Nash’s golf bag. It belonged to a friend, and Zach forgot it was there as he played his way to win in a junior tournament (锦标赛) this summer in Wisconsin, US.
The 14-year-old accepted his medal, and celebrated with grandparents who had come from a long way to watch. But when he stopped by his country club to share the news, a professional player noticed something wrong. "Count your clubs," he told the teenager.
Fifteen—one more than allowed. Zach’s eyes filled with tears.
If Zach had just won a basketball or a soccer game and someone had discovered an offence (违反) after the win, it would not have mattered.
Bending the rules has become acceptable, if not encouraged, in many sports. It is nothing unusual for soccer players to make a turtle dive (假摔) in the hope of breaking rules.
Golf is different. In a win at all costs world, the game holds itself to a higher standard.
Golf isn’t a game where referees (裁判) watch closely. In golf tournaments, dozens of competitors are spread across acres of land, so officials cannot hope to see each shot. Competitors call punishments on themselves.
Players feel the weight of history. Golf began at least the 15th century, but it became popular as a pastime for the wealthy who seemed to always have strict rules of behavior, even when it came to shooting at each other in rights.
“It was a sport for gentlemen, not laborers, and gentlemen did not care about winning. They cared about doing the right thing," said Robert Simon, a golf coach at Hamilton College in New York.
Honesty became a symbol of honor. When one of the game’s early stars, Bobby Jones, was praised for calling a penalty on himself at the 1925 US Open. He replied, "You might as well praise a man for not robbing a bank.”
So even the error had no effect on Zach’s final score—he never used the extra club, the teenager packed up his medal and dropped it in the mail. “But this was golf, and rules are rules. I just knew what I had to do,” he said.
Then came another tournament. Before teeing_off, Zach counted his clubs four times.
1. Zach Nash returned the medal he won in the junior tournament because _________.
A．he was caught cheating by a player
B．he decided to follow the rules of golf
C．he used another player’s club by mistake
D．he made a mistake counting his final score
2. Which of the following statements about golf is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In golf, honor comes before win.
B．Early golf players didn’t care about the rules.
C．Golf players usually do whatever it takes to win.
D．Golf referees watch each shot and call punishments.
3. The underlined phrase “teeing off ” in the last paragraph probably means “__________”.
A．getting started
B．getting caught
C．leaving
D．winning
4. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A．Zach’s medal.
B．The history of golf.
C．Honesty counts in golf.
D．Golf is rich men’s game.
随练1.3 Almost every Chinese person can recite(背诵) the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work ”. But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food.
A．CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2011, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.
Chinese people are well-known for being friendly and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table. Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food?
Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because she took some leftover food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and criticized the waste of food.
What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tipd:
* Don’t order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.
* Don’t leave any food in your bowls while having meals.
* Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.
1. How many people were hungry in the world in 2010 according to the UN World Food Program?
A．200 million.
B．Six million.
C．925 million.
D．625 million.
2. What does the writer want to show us through Li Hong’s story?
A．Many Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food.
B．Many Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the weak.
C．Chinese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food.
D．Many Chinese people don’t agree with the behavior of wasting food.
3. The underlined word “leftover” means _________ in Chinese.
A．过期的
B．剩余的
C．腐烂的
D．难吃的
4. According to the passage, we shouldn’t waste food because _________.
A．food comes from very hard work
B．six million children die of hunger every day
C．there is enough food to feed all the people
D．Chinese are hospitable and generous
随练1.4 To stop the childhood obesity epidemic(流行), health experts have long strongly advised parents to make healthy changes to their family’s lifestyle—such as eating healthily, reducing TV time, exercising and getting a good night’s sleep.
These behaviors have been linked to a lower risk of obesity in kids, but researchers at Ohio State University were interested in learning whether their effect might be cumulative—that is, whether families who adopted(采用) not just one but two or more of these behaviors could reduce their children’s risk of obesity even further.
Led by Sarah Anderson, researchers studied data on 8,550 children in a national study, and found that indeed children who practiced two healthy lifestyle behaviors were slimmer than those who adopted only one behavior, while youngsters who implemented three beneficial habits were the least likely to be overweight.
“If children had all three practices, their risk(风险) of obesity was 40% lower than children who had none of the routines(常规).” Anderson says.
The three behaviors that Anderson studied were eating dinner regularly with the family, limiting the amount of time in front of the TV, and getting enough sleep. The children who were least likely to be too fat ate dinner with their families six or seven times a week, slept for at least 10.5 hours each night and watched less than two hours of television per day.
The findings suggest that adopting these routines can be a powerful way for families to encourage healthy weight in their children, Anderson says.
In addition, says Dr. David Ludwig, director of the Optimal Weight for Life Program, the routines are relatively easy for most families to adopt. “This is a beautifully simple study. It makes a very important point, and one that needs to be noticed time and again. These are all behaviors that are within the reach of us all.”
1 What does the underlined word “implemented” in Paragraph 3 probably means?
A．chose B．Supported
C．Practiced
D．Broke
2. What can you infer from the passage?
A．Anderson studied more behaviors than three.
B．Dr. David Ludwig agreed for Sarah Anderson.
C．It’s not easy for us all to adopt all behaviors.
D．The more practices children had, the lower risk of obesity there was.
3. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A．Three Habits Help Kids Be Slimmer
B．How to Lead a Good Lifestyle
C．It Is Not Easy to Be Slim
D．How to Keep Kids off TV
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作业1 Every month, Julia and her cousins would go for the big family meal at their grandparents’ house. They would always wait excitedly for the moment their grandfather would give them a few coins. Then all the children would buy sweets. The grandparents, aunts, uncles, and parents realized that, behaving like this, the children would never learn to manage their money. So they proposed a special test, the children would have to show what they could manage to get with those few coins over the course of a year.
Some of the children thought that they would save their money, but Ruben and Nico, the two smallest kids, paid no attention, and they continued spending it all on sweets. Every time, they would show off their sweets in front of the other children, laughing and making fun of (取笑) their cousins. They made Clara and Joe so angry that these two could no longer stand to keep saving their money. They joined Ruben and Nico in spending whatever they had on sweets.
Monty was a clever boy, and he decided to start managing his money by exchanging it: buying and selling things, or betting (打赌) it with other children, in card games. Soon he had surprised the whole family. He had saved a lot of money for little hard work. The way he was going, he would end up almost a rich man. However, Monty was not being very careful, and he hadn’t a single coin left, after putting a losing bet on a horse race.
Poor Julia had a wonderful secret plan. When she was to complete the second year of her plan, Julia surprised everyone with a violin and a lot of money. They were hearing her play. She did it really well. Everyone knew that Julia loved the violin, even though the family couldn’t afford to pay for her to have lessons. So Julia had got to know a poor violinist who played in the park, and she offered him all the coins her grandfather had given her if he taught her how to play. Although it wasn’t much money, on seeing Julia’s excitement, the violinist agreed, and he taught her happily for months. Julia showed so much interest that after a year the violinist lent her a violin, so they could play together in the park. They were so successful that gradually she got her own violin.
From then on, the whole family helped her, and she became a very famous violinist. And she would always tell people how it was possible, with just a few coins well spent, to make your wildest dreams a reality.
1. What does the underlined word “proposed” mean?
A．Continued.
B．Planned.
C．Passed.
D．Took.
2. Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Ruben, Nico, Clara and Joe spent their coins on sweets.
B．Monty had made a lot of money by betting on a horse race.
C．The violinist would like to teach Julia because of money.
D．Julia bought her own violin with the help of her whole family.
3. We can infer that the whole family were satisfied with _________ in the special test.
A．Ruben and Nico
B．Clara and Joe
C．Monty
D．Julia
4. The writer wants to tell us _________ in this passage.
A．it’s normal for children to have different behaviors
B．it’s good for children to make good use of money
C．it’s necessary for parents to know their children from a test
D．it’s important for children to earn money in different ways
作业2 Playing slow music during dinner does more than making you feel comfortable; it in fact encourages you listen to while eating may possibly bi the key to help you lose a few pounds or to make finicky kids to clean their plates. Experts at Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions lately served their meals to 90 people. The first meal was served without music. One-third of the diners asked for second helpings and the meal took about 40 minutes to finish.
Three weeks later Experts served the same people the same food while playing rock music, such as “Stars and Stripes” and “The Beer Barrel Polka”. This time half of the diners asked for second helpings and they finished eating in only 31 minutes.
The final meal was served with slow, relaxing music, such as Mantovani and Percy Faith. “Not only did few diners ask for seconds but most of them didn’t even finish their first helpings. It also took eating it,” says study leader Maria Simonson, director of the Health, Wight and Stress Clinic at Johns Hopkins. They also reported feeling fuller and more satisfied than they did after earlier meals, even though they actually ate less. And some people even for better tasted meal.
Some suggestions for destroying the appetite: try waltzes, blues, and New Age music. To encourage patients to eat more try big-band tunes or rock-and-roll.
1. Which meal takes the people the longest time?
A．The meal without music.
B．The meal with rock music.
C．The meal with slow music.
D．The meal with quick music.
2. If a friend is ill, he doesn’t feel like waiting, he’d better listen to _________ while eating.
A．rock music B．blues
C．slow music
D．nothing
3. In paragraph 1, the underlined phrase “finicky kids” can be replaced by “_________”.
A．kids who are very naughty
B．kids who want to lose weight
C．kids who don’t like music
D．kids who just want things they like
4. What does the writer try to tell us?
A．Most people’s appetite is changing all the time.
B．Appetite could be changed by music.
C．Different people like different kinds of music.
D．The slower the music, the less food people want.
作业3 Reading is the key to school success, and like any skill, it takes practice. A．child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking.
Educators (教育家) call it “automaticity (自动性)”.
A．child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With more and more practice, he stumbles less and less. As a result, he can read by the phrases and soon by sentences. With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of words, so that he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.
It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams.
According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount of time a child spends reading, not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 t0 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity. It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home.
You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentences, you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more practice.
1. “Reading is the key to school success” means that reading _________.
A．helps school develop faster
B．is a key to a successful school
C．helps students go to a key school
D．can improve students’ learning results
2. Children with "automaticity" can read faster because they_________.
A．know how to read the words
B．pay attention to the meaning of the text instead of the words
C．read by themselves without any help
D．do not have to think while reading
3. The underlined word “stumble” in the second paragraph means “_________”in Chinese.
A．结结巴巴地读
B．全神贯注地读
C．心不在焉地读
D．声情并茂地读
4. The best title for the passage is “_________”.
A．IQ is the Key- to the Automaticity
B．TV is Bad for Children’s Reading
C．Automaticity Needs a Lot of Practice
D．Automatic Readers Must Be Successful
作业4 Paul and Jason were brothers who lived and worked on neighbouring farms. For 35 years they farmed side by side, sharing machinery and goods as needed, without a single problem.
However，one autumn，things changed. It began with a tiny disagreement about a horse, which grew into a major difference. The difference led to angry words, followed by weeks of silence between the two brothers.
One morning there was a knock on Paul’s door. He opened it and saw a builder holding his toolbox. “I’m looking for a few days’ work,” the builder said. “Are there any jobs here I could help with?”
“Yes,” answered Paul, extremely pleased to see the builder. “I do have a job for you. Look at that farm across the creek(小溪).That’s my brother’s farm. That creek used to be a grass field, but last week my brother dug a path from the fiver and made the creek. But I’ll go_him_one_better. See that pile of wood? I want you to build me a fence, two meters tall, so 1 won’t need to see him anymore.”
The builder said thoughtfully. “I think I understand the situation and I’ll be able to do a job that pleases you.”
Paul had business in town that day and left the builder to his work. When he returned, the builder had just finished his job. Paul was shocked. Instead of a fence there was a bridge, stretching from one side of the creek to the other.
As Paul stood on the bridge, staring in amazement, his younger brother Jason, came across，and took Paul’s hand.“You are a good man to have built this bridge after a11 I’ve done，”said Jason.
Then, Paul, with tears in his eyes，said to the builder who was packing his bag to go, “Thank you so much. Please stay. I have much more for you to do.”
“I’d love to.” the builder said quietly, “but，I have many more bridges to build.”
1. What was the cause of the disagreement between the two brothers?
A．The digging of the creek.
B．A．problem about a farm animal.
C．Who owned the field between the farms.
D．Who would pay for building the fence.
2. The underlined expression “go him one better” in paragraph 4 means _________.
A．do something even worse
B．improve the situation
C．point out his mistake
D．help him out
3. What do we know about the brothers?
A．They had been fighting for many years.
B．Their farms were not very successful.
C．They finally realized their mistakes.
D．They liked building bridges.
4. Why did the builder build the bridge?
A．He needed a way to get across the river.
B．There was not enough wood for the fence.
C．He misunderstood Paul’s instructions.
D．He wanted to bring the brothers together.
作业5 选择性阅读B篇
American English is full of colorful expressions. One such expression is to touch all bases.
There are four bases in baseball – first, second, third and home plate. When a baseball player hits the ball, he must run to each base – in order – and touch it with his foot. It is the only way to get a point. If the player hits the ball and fails to touch all the bases, the point will not be counted.
The importance of touching all the bases was shown at the start of the 1974 baseball seasons.
Hank Aaron was a player with the Atlanta Braves team. He was trying to find the record for hitting the most home runs (全垒打). Aaron needed just one home run to be well matched by the record held by Babe Ruth, the greatest hitter in baseball history. Aaron got that home run the very first time he had a chance to hit the ball. That gave him 714 home runs – the same as Babe Ruth. After that day, baseball fans held their breath every time when it was Hank Aaron’s turn to hit. When would he hit home run number 715?
The wait was not long. In the second week of the season, Aaron again hit the ball over the wall. He had beaten Babe Ruth’s record. But first, he had to run around the four bases. The other players on his team watched carefully to make sure he touched each one.
So, to touch all bases means to do what is necessary to complete an activity.
The expression is used to business and politics. No business deal or political events are really complete until you discuss all the problems involved. Or, as it is said, until you touch all bases.
(1)44. When a baseball player hits the ball, he must ______ to get a point.
A. run to each base freely
B. touch the home plate first
C. touch all the bases with his hands
D. run to each base in order and touch it with his foot
(2)45. When was the importance of touching all the bases shown?
A. At the start of the 1974 baseball seasons.
B. At the end of the 1974 baseball seasons.
C. Before the baseball rules made.
D. In the second week of 1974.
(3)46. Who hit home run number 715?
A. Babe Ruth.
B. Hank Aaron.
C. Babe Ruth’s partner.
D. Hank Aaron’s friend.
(4)47. What does the expression “to touch all bases” mean?
A. To do what is needed to finish an activity.
B. To get a chance to be the greatest hitter.
C. To try your best to set a new record.
D. To solve the problems successfully.
答案解析
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题模一：通过上下文语境猜测词义
例1.1.1
【答案】C
【解析】 考查猜词题。Instead of…与下文中句子it should be looked at as real-world education.是含义相反的关系。A&B项的感彩不符，D项中interest in study并未提及。故选C。
题模二：通过构词法猜测词义
例1.2.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查猜词题。前缀mis-:wrong的意思；so表因果关系…；clearly communicated so…misinterpreting the information.。故选D。
题模三：通过同义词或反义词猜测词义
例1.3.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查猜词题。un-是否定前缀，由下文中的unexpected (意料不到的), happen suddenly (突然发生), quick action to deal with them(快速行动处理它们)，这些词义可知，故选D。
例1.3.2
【答案】B
【解析】 考查猜词题。get kids excited about与 cool &confident感彩不符，rather than表转折，bored 与excited意义相反。由此可知，故选B。
题模四：通过释义猜测词义
例1.4.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查猜词题。根据后文给出了fashion designers的释义 “have been called to make new dresses for Barbie”可知，故选D。
题模五：通过常识猜测词义
例1.5.1
【答案】A
【解析】 考查猜词题。由生活常识可知：人紧张时，手会出汗。可以猜测出该词的词义。故选A。
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随练1.1
【答案】 CACB
【解析】 本文主要讲述了电子垃圾产生的原因，危害，以及国际社会为此采取的措施。
1. 细节题。根据It is often cheaper to buy new products than to repair old ones.描述，可知买新的电子产品要比修理旧的便宜。故选C。
2. 猜词题。联系前一句描述，可知代词 “they”指代的是前文提到的这些旧的产品。故选A。
3. 推理题。联系后一句，然而，他们的计划并不是总能恰当的管理。故选C。
4. 细节题。根据短文最后一段描述，可知作者认为电子污染问题非常严重，人们应该采取行动。故选B。
随练1.2
【答案】 BAAC．
【解析】 本文主要讲了由于一根高尔夫球杆引发的故事，Zach认识到诚实是荣誉的象征。
1. 细节题。由倒数第二段最后一句 “But this was golf, and rules are rules. I just knew what I had to do," he said.可知。故选B。
2. 细节题。由倒数第二段第一句可知Honesty became a symbol of honor.可知。故选A。
3. 猜词题。由第一段内容可知比赛时Zach的一个朋友把club忘在她的包里了，因此在接下来的比赛，他要开始数club。可知。故选A。
4. 主旨题。由倒数第二段可知，由于一根高尔夫球杆引发的故事，Zach认识到诚实是荣誉的象征。故选C。
随练1.3
【答案】 CDBA
【解析】 本文主要讲述了世界上的粮食短缺问题，并对如何节约粮食提出了三点建议。从而告诉我们不要浪费粮食。
1. 细节题。根据According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010,描述，故选C。
2. 细节题。根据Many people stood by her side and criticized(批评) the waste of food.描述，可知许多中国人都不赞成浪费食物的行为。故选D。
3. 猜词题。根据下文中对food home for her son 的描述，可知此处指的是把剩饭带回家给儿子。故选B。
4. 细节题。根据Every grain on the plate comes from hard work (谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦)的描述，可知食物是通过艰苦的劳动得来的。故选A。
随练1.4
【答案】 CBA
【解析】 本文主要讲了为阻止孩子变的肥胖，有三个习惯可以帮助孩子减轻体重保持苗条。
1. 猜词题。根据上文“children who practiced two healthy lifestyle behaviors were slimmer than those who adopted only one behavior”语境，可猜测出词意是practiced.故选C。
2. 推断题。由三四段内容可推理出Dr. David Ludwig同意Sarah Anderson的观点。故选B。
3. 主旨题。由全文讲的是为阻止孩子变的肥胖，有三个习惯可以帮助孩子减轻体重保持苗条。故选A。
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作业1
【答案】 BADB
【解析】 本文主要讲了通过测试几个孩子管理钱的方式，有不同的结果。
1. 猜词题。由上下文语境，the children would never learn to manage their money.和the children would have to show what they could manage to get with those few coins over the course of a year.可知是他们计划的一个特殊测试。故选B。
2. 细节题。由第二段 Ruben and Nico, the two smallest kids, paid no attention, and they continued spending it all on sweets和They joined Ruben and Nico in spending whatever they had on sweets.可知。故选A。
3. 推断题。由第四段They were so successful that gradually she got her own violin.可知。故选D。
4. 主旨题。由全文可知，通过测试几个孩子管理钱的方式，有不同的结果可推测。故选B。
作业2
【答案】 CADB
【解析】 本文主要讲的是很多人喜欢音乐，它可以让人心旷神怡。但是，你知道吗？音乐还会影响一个人的用餐。
1. 细节题。按照实验结果，吃饭时，不播放音乐，播放摇滚乐，播放轻音乐，人们用餐的时间分别是40分钟，31分钟和1个小时，故选C。
2. 细节题。实验证明摇滚乐可以增进人们的食欲，所以如果生病胃口不好，就可以放摇滚乐。故选A。
3. 猜词题。根据前文和 “finicky kids” 后的to clean their plates,可以推测finicky kids很少吃完他们盘中的食物，选项中只有B和D才可能在吃饭时留下很多食物在盘中。由于本句有help you lose a few pounds, 帮助你减肥，所以如果选B想减肥的小孩就和help you lose a few pounds意思重复，并且帮助要减肥的人吃完所有的食物的说法也自相矛盾，所以本题不可能选B。排除A,B,C项，故选D。
4. 推理题。本文主要讲的是进餐时间、食量与音乐的关系。故选B。
作业3
【答案】 DBAC
【解析】 本文主要讲述的是阅读是学校成功的关键，它也像技能一样，需要大量的练习。教育家称之为自动性，关键点是孩子们要花费时间去阅读，任何一个孩子，每周都要花上至少3.5到4小时阅读书籍，杂志或者报纸，才能达到这种自动性。
1. 细节题。根据原文：Reading is the key to school success句意：阅读是学校成功的关键。联系上下文得知，表示阅读能提高学生的阅读能力。故选D
2. 细节题。根据原文：With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of words, so that he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.句意：在不知不觉中，他没有思考单词的意思,，这样他可以注意到全文的意义。明确答案为第二项。故选 B
3. 猜词题。根据原文：A．child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With more and more practice, he stumbles less and less.句意：试探着让孩子们去阅读信件，从而发现话语的含义。随着越来越多的实践，他结结巴巴地读的情况越来越少。联系句意为结结巴巴地读。故选A
4. 细节题。通过介绍如何将课文阅读得好，并且流利，这需要大量的练习。结合选项第三项符合。故选C
作业4
【答案】 BACD
【解析】 本文主要讲述了两个兄弟吵架了，其中Jason在他们的农场之间挖了条小溪，Paul就打算让建筑工做个栅栏，结果建筑工却修了桥，让两兄弟和好了。
1. 细节题。从第二段第二句It began with a tiny disagreement about a horse可知是因为“马”。故选B。
2. 猜词题。根据语境，因为两人有隔阂，Jason挖小溪，Paul想做栅栏，可推测出“我比他干得更绝”。故选A。
3. 主旨题。通读全文可知，两兄弟关系一致很好，只是因为一点儿小矛盾“冷战”了几星期。不过，通过建筑工的“桥梁”，两兄弟意识到了他们的过错。故选C。
4. 推理题。前三项均不符合文意。Paul要求建筑工做栅栏，可他却建了桥，目的就是让两兄弟和好。
故选D。
作业5
【答案】 DABA
【解析】
(1)44. 细节题。由第一段第四句he must run to each base – in order – and touch it with his foot.可知。故选D。
(2)45. 细节题。由第二段The importance of touching all the bases was shown at the start of the 1974 baseball seasons.可知。故选A。
(3)46. 细节题。由第三段最后一句when it was Hank Aaron’s turn to hit. When would he hit home run number 715? 可知。故选B。
(4)47. 推断题。由or表“或者”，该词前后文是并列的关系，由前文you discuss all the problems involved.推测可知。故选A。