中考英语语法知识复习学案(主谓一致和There be句型)

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名称 中考英语语法知识复习学案(主谓一致和There be句型)
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2018中考英语语法知识复习学案
(主谓一致和There be句型)
考点解读
主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致。意义一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
There be是英语中常用句型,意思是“有”,表示“人或事物的存在”。There在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词“那里”的含义。There be后面的名词是句子的主语,属倒装结构。其问句形式是将be或will have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前,否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加not,因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be+名词十地点(时间)”这一句型。
题型事例
(2014. 淮安) Andy, you'd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit
__________ good for you.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【正确选项】B
【测量目标】语言基础知识/能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法结构
【知识内容】主谓一致和一般现在时
【试题分析】由上句可知,客观事实用一般现在时。milk and fruit表示两种食物,故B项符合题意。
(2014. 常州)---When will the railway that connects the two cities open?
---___________ next year. Only two thirds ____________ been built.
A. Until; has B. Until; have C. Not until; has D. Not until; have
【正确选项】C
【测量目标】语言基础知识/能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法结构
【知识内容】介词和主谓一致
【试题分析】表示动作持续,短暂的动词如buy,get,open等只能用not until修饰,表示“直到……才”。作主语的名词词组如果由“分数(百分数)+of构成,其动词形式由of后词组的类别而定,本题修饰的名词为railway,故动词应用单数形式,has符合题意,正确答案为C项。
(2014. 扬州)---Where is Mr. Wang?
---He together with his students, ________ Zhuyuwan Park.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to
【正确选项】A
【测量目标】语言基础知识/能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法结构
【知识内容】现在完成时和主谓一致
【试题分析】分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语动词,he做主语,所以谓语动词应该是单数,根据“Where is Mr. Wang”可知,王老师和学生们去公园应该还没回来,has gone to是“去了,来回来”,故选A项。has been,to是“去过,已回来”,不符合题意。
语法点拨
考点一 语法一致原则
主语采用单数形式时,谓语动词也要采用单数形式;主语采用复数形式时,谓语动词也要采用复数形式。
1. 当and连接两个或多个名词,或both,. and.连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends. 汤姆和麦克是好朋友。
2. 不定代词either,neither,anybody,anyone,anything,someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody. nobody, no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Everyone is waiting for the coming sports meeting.
每个人都等待着即将到来的运动会。
3. 由each, each…and each…,every, every...and every…,one of...等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a flower.
每个男生女生都领了一朵花。
4. 主语后接有with, along with. together with,as well as,no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
Mr. White with two friends is leaving for Beijing.
怀特先生和两个朋友将动身去北京。
5. “a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of people have applied for this job.
许多人都申请了这份工作。
The number of people in our company is 230.
我们公司员工人数为230。
6. “a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, piles of, most of) +名词”或“分数或百分数十名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词为单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there. 许多人都去过那儿。
7. 由“a pair(a kind,a series.)+of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs( kinds.)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of glasses is left on the ground.
一副眼镜遗落在地上。
8. 某些只有复数形式的名词( clothes. trousers,shorts,shoes,gloves.)作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
My trousers were worn out. 我的裤子穿破了。
9. 不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is interesting. 读书是有趣的。
考点二 意义一致原则
谓语动调所用的单数形式还是复数形式要根据主语所表达的概念而定。
1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.
这位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
2. 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、名词词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three months is a long time. 三个月是个很长的时间。
3. 集体名词(如family,team,crowd,class,group等)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a small one with three people.
我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
4. people,police等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping a girl look for her father;
警察正帮着女孩找爸爸。
5. one and a half的后面要接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用复数。
One and a half cakes are a good meal for him.
一个半蛋糕对他来说是一顿美餐。
有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致,而是与靠近它的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近原则。
考点三 就近原则
1. 由either…or…,neither...nor...,not only…but also…,not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不但我父母想看到我叔叔,我也想。
2. There be…和Here be… 两种句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in the room.
房间里有一张桌子和三把椅子。
相约中考
( )(2013. 淮安)①One of the, popular expressions in 2012 _______“positive energy".
A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )(2014. 淮安)②Andy, you'd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit_______good for you.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
There be句型
语法点拨
There be结构是表示“什么地方或时间存在什么事物”的存在句型,这种句型以动词be的某种形式作谓语动词,也表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组作为句子的主语,be和主语的数必须一致。句子最后表示地点和时间的状语。
题型事例
(2014 .泰州)There___________ ( be) an English Summer Camp next month. Come and join us.
【正确选项】 will be/ is going to be
【测量目标】语言基础知识/能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法结构
【知识内容】There be句型
【试题分析】根据句子中的next month可知,此句应该用一般将来时,而an English Summer Camp是单数,故谓语动词应用单数,所以应填will be/ is going to be表示将来。
There ____________a dictionary and two pens on the desk.
A. am B. is C. are D. have
【正确选项】B
【测量目标】语言基础知识/能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法结构
【知识内容】There be句型
【试题分析】在There be句型中,如果主语是几个并列的名词时,be应该与最靠近的名词保持一致,即在There be句型中谓语动词的选择应采取就近原则。在本向话中,与be最靠近的名词是a dictionary,故谓语动词应填单数,故选B项。
Since you have repaired my TV set, _______ is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it B. there C. this D. that
【正确选项】B
【测量目标】语言基础知识/能在具体语境中正确识别、理解和运用语法结构
【知识内容】There be句型
【试题分析】there is no need for sb. to do sth.是固定句型,表示“某人没有必要做某事”,故选B项。
考点一 There be 结构中的主谓一致
1. 一个名词或代词作主语
当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,其谓语动词必须用单数;当主语是可数名词复数时,其谓语动词必须为复数。
There is a tree (are many trees) in the picture.
画里有一棵树(很多树)。
2. 并列名词作主语
如果There be句型后的主语是几个并列的名词时,be应与靠近的那个名词保持数的一致。即该名词是单数,动词be用单数;该名词是复数,动词be用复数。
There is a bus and three cars in the picture.
画里有一辆公交车和三辆轿车。
考点二 There be结构中的时态
1. There be结构可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There were some books on the desk yesterday.
昨天桌子上有些书。
There will be a good film in the cinema next week.
下周电影院将有一部好电影。
2. There可以和各种情态动词或助动词连用。
There may be a bird on the branch.
树枝上也许有一只鸟。
3. There be结构中be的替代。
There be结构中,谓语动词除了be之外,还可用live,stand,go,come等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词。
There stands a tree in front of the house.
房前有一棵树。
Once there lived an old farmer. 从前有个老农民。
相约中考
(2014. 宿迁)③There________ a charity show at the school hall next week.
A. was B. will be C. has been D. are
易错防范
一、主谓一致的语法一致原则
典例呈现
( ) Nowadays, each of the students _________ a new dictionary in the countryside.
A. has B. had C. have D. are
【答案】A
【易错解析】学生在做题时如果没注意到句首的时间,可能会根据语境判断选择B项;句子中students可能会给学生造成错觉,而选择C、D两项。本题考查的是主谓一致,nowadays
意为“现如今”,故时态用现在时:句子中主语时each of the students,each修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数,故答案选A项。
二、主谓一致的就近原则
典例呈现
( ) Either you or I ___________ going there tomorrow.
A. is B. are C. am D. will
【答案】C
【易错剖析】本题考查的是主谓一致中的就近原则,在做题时,学生可能因you而受到干扰而选择B项;Either you …or I是句子的主语’将其看成一个整体,如果忽略了就近原则就容易选择A项;受句尾tomorrow影响就容易选择D项。此处是现在进行时表将来时的用法,例如:I'm coming.
三、There be句型的主谓一致
( ) There __________ a cat and two birds on the tree.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
【答案】D
【易错剖析】本题考查的是There' be句型的就近原则,学生在做题时容易因为句意“树上有只猫和两只鸟”而忽视There be句型而用There has/have最终错选A、B两项;在做题过程中如果未掌握there be句型的就近原则,学生会因为and并列的两个成分而选择C项。
巩固训练
( ) 1. Either Jane or Steven _________ watching TV now.
A. were B. is C. was D. are
( )2. Two days ____________ enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn't B. is C. aren't D. are
( )3. ---How many lessons do you usually have a day?
---Six lessons a day. And each of them _________ 45 minutes.
A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
( )4. Half of the class__________ done most of the work. The left _______ rather difficult.
A. has; is B. have; is C. have; are D. has; are
( )5. There __________ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.
A. is B. aren’t C. isn't D. are
( )6. The number of the students in our school_________ 1200.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( )7. Maths_____________ my favourite subject. .
A. be B. is . C. am D. are.
( )8. The boy with the two dogs_________ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are asleep
( )9. Neither my father nor my mother _______ rock music. They think that it's too_______.
A. like; noise B. likes; noise C. likes noisy D. like; noisy
( )10. The number of the books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them_____ about science.
A. is B. was C. are D. were.
( )11. One of my friends _______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has B. have C. is D. had
( )12. Here _________ some flowers and some money for you.
A. is . B. are C. have D. had
( )13. Each of the students___________ a new MP4 now.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
( )14. Mike with his brother ___________ listening to the music very much.
A. likes B. like C. liking D. liked
( )15. Two thirds of the girls __________thirteen years old.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
二、句型转换
l. There are more people in America than in England. (改为同义句)
The_________ in America is ________ than _________ in England.
2. There aren't any apples on the tree.(改为一般疑问句)
_________ _________ ________apples on the tree?
3. There is some water-in. the glass.(改为否定句)
There ________ _________water in the glass.
4. Something is wrong with the TV set.(用there be句型改写句子)
________ _______ _________ ___________ ________the TV set.
5.There is little water in the glass, ________ __________?(反意疑问句)
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Two yuan __________ (be) a good price for this book.
2. No bird and no beast __________ (see)in the lonely island.
3. Each of the _____________ (passenger) has his own room in the ship.
4. Either your parents or your elder brother __________ (be) to attend the meeting tomorrow.
5. Neither of the novels which___________ (be) popular with us ________ ( have) been translated into Chinese.

答案:
语法点拨: ABB
巩固训练:
一、BABBB ABCCC ABBAB
二、1. population; larger; that 2. Are there any 3. isn’t any 4. There is something wrong with 5. is there
三、1. is 2. is seen 3. passengers 4. is 5. are, has/ have