物理沪科版必修2：同步测控（6.2 狭义相对论的基本原理）（带解析）

同步测控
我夯基 我达标
1.要描述一个物体的运动，必须选择_____________.
答案：参考系
2.20世纪初，著名的物理学家爱因斯坦建立了_____________，使人们对时空观的认识产生了根本性的变革.
答案：狭义相对论
3.绝对时空观的特点是：__________________________、__________________________，时间和空间都是绝对的.
答案：时间和空间是分离的 时间尺度和空间尺度与物质运动无关
4.在经典力学中，_____________是力学规律的基础，如果牛顿运动定律在某个参考系中成立，这个参考系就叫做_____________.
答案：牛顿运动定律 惯性系
5.狭义相对论的基本公设是什么？
答案：两条基本公设是：
（1）爱因斯坦相对性原理：在不同的惯性系中，一切物理规律都是相同的.
（2）光速不变原理：在一切惯性系中，光在真空中传播的速度都等于c，跟光源的运动和观察者运动无关.
6.所谓的惯性系是指_____________；相对于一个惯性系做匀速运动的另一个参考系_____________（是，不是）惯性系，在不同的惯性系中，力学规律都_____________（相同，不同）；也就是说，每个惯性系都是_____________的，这个观点叫做_____________.
答案：牛顿运动定律都成立的参考系 是 相同 等效 伽利略相对性原理
我综合 我发展
7.下列说法正确的是（ ）
A.世界的过去、现在和将来都只有量的变化，而不会发生质的变化
B.时间和空间不依赖人们的意识而存在
C.时间和空间是绝对的
D.时间和空间是紧密联系、不可分割的
解析：根据狭义相对论的观点，时间和空间都不是绝对的，都是相对的.时间和空间不能割裂，是紧密联系的.所以选项A、B、C错误，选项D正确.
答案：D
8.试述经典力学的时空观及所遇到的困难.
解析：根据经典力学和伽利略的相对性原理，在不同的惯性系中所测得的光速是不同的.而实验事实却是光速不变，这样实验事实便与理论产生了矛盾，使经典力学时空观遇到了困难.
答案：经典力学的时空观认为：时间和空间是分离的，时间尺度和空间尺度与物质运动无关，都是绝对的.按该观点和伽利略的相对性原理，就会得到在不同的惯性系中所测得的光速是不同的.而实验事实却是光速不变，这样实验事实便与理论产生了矛盾，使经典力学时空观遇到了困难.
9.如图6-2-4所示，在地面上M点固定一光源，在离光源等距的A、B两点上固定有两个光接收器，今使光源发出一闪光，问：
图6-2-4
（1）在地面参考系中观测，谁先接收到光信号？
（2）在沿AB方向高速运动的火车参考系中观测，谁先接收到光信号？
解析：以地面为参考系，M发出的闪光到A、B距离不同，先传到A，所以A先接收到光信号；若以高速运动的火车为参考系，M传到A、B的距离相等，所以同时到达A、B两点.
答案：（1）A先接收到 （2）同时接收到

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Unit 1　Great scientists
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The patients are well attended in the hospital.
病人在医院里得到了很好的照料。
I have a good doctor attending (on) me.
我有一位好医生护理我。
They have an important meeting to attend.
他们有一次重要的会议要参加。
?归纳拓展
attendant n．服务员，侍者；adj.伴随的，陪从的
attendance n．出席，到场
attend a lecture/a movie听演讲/看电影
attend school/class上学/上课
attend a meeting参加会议
attend on/upon sb.伺候某人，照顾某人
attend to 处理；注意倾听；专心于，照料
?完成句子
(1)Business has to be_attended_to(要料理)．
(2)He was very tired after the long run and expected somebody to attend_on_him(照顾他)．
(3)Did you attend_the_wedding(参加那个婚礼)yesterday?
2
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭的时候把病毒引入体内的。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。
The old man was completely absorbed in the book.
老人全神贯注地读这本书。
Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.
小公司被大公司吞并了。
?归纳拓展
absorbed adj.注意力集中的，专心致志的
absorbing adj.非常吸引人的，引人入胜的
absorber n．吸收器；吸收者
absorb...from...从……中吸取……
be absorbed in专心于，全神贯注于
?完成句子
(1)When I came in，the teacher was_absorbed_in_thought(在沉思中)．
(2)Aspirin is_absorbed(很快吸收)by/into the body.
(3)The company has gradually absorbed_the_small_ones(逐渐吞并了那些小公司)．
3 blame v．责备，谴责；把……归咎于；n.过失；责备
It seemed that the water was_to_blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
If you are not to blame，then who is?
如果不怪你，该怪谁呢？
We were ready to take the blame of what had happened.
我们愿对所发生的事负责。
The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving.
警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。
?归纳拓展
blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth. on sb.把……归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(不用被动语态)
put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.将……归咎于某人
blameful adj.有过错的，该受责备的
blameless adj.无可责难的，无过错的
?完成句子
(1)Blamed_for_the_breakdown_of_the_school_computer_network(因学校网络故障受到责备)，Alice was in low spirits.
(2)He deserved to be_blamed_for(受到责备)his carelessness.
(3)She’ll put the_blame_on_us(怪罪我们)if it turns out badly.
4
The water companies were_instructed_not_to expose people to polluted water any more.自来水公司也接到命令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She instructed me in the use of the telephone.
她教我使用电话。
Those boys were instructed to wait there.
那些男孩被通知在那儿等。
Our teacher instructed that we (should) hand in our papers after class.
老师命令我们下课后把试卷交上。
?归纳拓展
instruction n．教授；指导；(复数)用法说明，操作指南
instructive adj.指示性的，有教育意义的
instructor n．辅导员，讲师
be instructed to do sth.被指示做某事
instruct＋that从句，从句用should＋do形式，should可以省略
?完成句子
(1)When I came in，he was instructing his son how_to_repair_a_car(如何修汽车)．
(2)The teacher instructed_the_students_to_start_off(命令学生出发)．
(3)You must read_the_instructions(阅读说明书)before you use it.
5
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时，他就感到振奋。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Don’t expose it to the sun.不要把它暴露在阳光下。
The film has been exposed.这个胶卷曝光了。
The magazine exposed the politician as a crook.
这本杂志揭露这位政治家是一个骗子。
?归纳拓展
be exposed to使暴露在……
expose sb./sth. to...使……暴露在……
expose sth.揭露某事
exposure n．暴露，揭露
overexpose v．使(胶片等)曝光过度；对……报道过频
?完成句子
(1)He_exposed_the_plan(他透露了这个计划)to the newspapers.
(2)Keep indoors and don’t_expose_your_skin_to_the_sun(不要让皮肤暴露在太阳下)．
(3)The photograph is too light：it must have_been_overexposed(曝光过度)．
6
draw a conclusion得出结论(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He concluded his speech with some amusing remarks.
他说了一些有趣的话来结束他的演讲。
He concluded that the plan was not workable.
他的结论是这个计划不可行。
What can you conclude from these facts?
从这些事实中你能推断出什么？
?归纳拓展
conclusion n．结论；结束；议定
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion下结论
in conclusion最后，总之
jump to conclusions/a conclusion贸然断定，贸然下结论
bring...to a conclusion使……结束
?完成句子
(1)You should think twice before making the decision.Don’t jump_to_conclusions(贸然下结论)．
(2)We came_to_a_conclusion(得出结论)that the stranger must have stolen something.
(3)You should bring the matter to_an_early_conclusion(早日了结)．
7
John Snow defeats “King Cholera”．约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
They were defeated in the football match.
他们在足球赛中输了。
Their first revolution had ended in defeat.
他们的第一次革命以失败告终。
In that battle，our soldiers defeated the enemy.
在那次战斗中，我们的士兵打败了敌人。
?归纳拓展
a total defeat一次彻底的失败
a decisive defeat一次决定性的失败
?佳句背诵
(1)Lack of the support of my parents defeated my dream.
缺乏父母的支持使我的梦想落空。
(2)The test completely defeated me.
这次考试完全把我难倒了。
(3)The proposal was defeated by 16 votes to 5.
因16票反对，5票赞成，该提议未能通过。
8
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
This method can cure your bad eyesight.
这种方法可以治疗你糟糕的视力。
The medicine can cure you of your headache.
这种药可以治愈你的头疼。
We haven’t found an effective cure for cancer by now.
到目前为止，我们还未找到一个有效的方法治愈癌症。
?归纳拓展
cure sb. of...治愈某人的……
cure作为“治疗方法”讲时是可数名词，后面常跟for
?佳句背诵
(1)Prevention is better than cure.
预防胜过治疗。
(2)It might be several months before she’s fully cured.
她可能需要好几个月才能痊愈。
(3)Nothing seemed to cure him of his nervousness.
好像什么都没法消除他的紧张。
9
Who put_forward a theory about black holes？谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He had no desire to put forward his plan.
他不想提出他的计划。
Are you serious in putting forward such a view?
你真的要提出这种观点吗？
We put him forward for the position of chairman.
我们推举他当主席。
?归纳拓展
put away放好
put an end to结束
put down记下
put off推迟
put on穿上；戴上
put out扑灭；关熄(灯)
put up挂起；举起；贴(广告等)
put up with忍受
?完成句子
(1)The_theory_put_forward_by_Einstein(爱因斯坦提出的理论)was later proved to be true.
(2)There are many inconveniences that have to_be_put_up_with(容忍)when camping.
(3)The fire had_been_put_out(扑灭)before the firemen arrived.

In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were_linked_to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力的证据。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The poet links the human heart to the life of the earth.
那位诗人把人的心脏同地球的生命联系起来。
The road links all the new towns.
这条路把所有的新城镇连接在一起。
?归纳拓展
link...to...把……与……连接或联系起来
link together使连接在一起
link up把……连接起来，汇合
?佳句背诵
(1)Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪行为。
(2)Keep close links with the masses.
与群众保持密切联系。
(3)We link up with the company.
我们与这个公司携手合作。

Next，John Snow looked_into the source of the water for these two streets.接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He promised me to look into the matter.
他答应我调查此事。
The government will look into how to reduce unemployment.
政府将研究如何降低失业率。
?归纳拓展
look about/around/round朝四周看；考虑；察看
look out (for sb./sth.)警惕或留心某人/某事
look down on/upon sb.瞧不起某人
look on旁观
look back回顾
?翻译句子
(1)I usually look into a book before deciding whether to read it.
我通常在决定是否读一本书之前先浏览一下它。
(2)“Will you really quit the job？” he asked，looking into my eyes.
“你真的不做这份工作了吗？”他问道，凝视着我。
(3)The police are now looking into the matter.
警察正在调查此事。

To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She closed the gate to prevent the dog (from) going out of the garden.
她关上大门，免得小狗从花园里跑掉。
The rain prevented us (from) coming in time.
下雨使我们没能及时赶来。
?归纳拓展
stop...(from) doing sth.阻止……干……
keep... from doing sth.阻止……干……，此短语中from不能省略
?翻译句子
(1)我因病未能参加考试。
I_was_prevented_by_illness_from_taking_the_exam.
(2)如果我要去，有什么能阻止我？
What_can_stop_me_(from)_going_if_I_want_to_go?
1
?用法点拨
neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”，用来连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。
The children are neither in the room nor in the garden.
孩子们既不在屋里，也不在花园里。
The girl neither sang nor danced at the party.
这个小女孩在舞会上既没唱歌也没跳舞。
Neither she nor I am good at English.
她和我都不擅长英语。
?归纳拓展
either...or...或者……或者……
not only...but also...不仅……而且……
...or...……或是……
not...but...不是……而是……
?完成句子
(1)Either you or I am_right(是正确的)．
(2)Neither_do_I_want_to_know_it(我不想知道这件事)，nor do I care about it.
(3)Not only is_he_interested_in_English(他对英语感兴趣)，but also he likes maths.
2 To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
?用法点拨
suggest (to sb.) that...意为“(向某人)建议……”，此时that从句中的谓语动词要用should＋v.形式，should可以省略。
The doctor suggested he not work deep into the night.
医生建议他不要工作到深夜。
I suggested to him that he join in the club activities.
我向他建议参加俱乐部的活动。
?归纳拓展
suggest还可作“暗示；表明”解，此时若接从句，从句中的谓语动词根据需要而使用相应的时态。
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。
Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?
你是不是想说我不适合这份工作？
Her expression suggested that she was angry.
她的表情表明她生气了。
?翻译句子
(1)老师建议我们背下第一篇作文。
The_teacher_suggested_us_learning_by_heart_the_first_composition/that_we_learn_by_heart_the_first_composition.
(2)玛丽苍白的脸色表明她身体不好。
Mary’s_pale_face_suggested_that_she_was_in_poor_health.
约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照顾维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次暴发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯诺就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行得很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。
首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。他发现有些住宅(如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所以他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了，霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个特别的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After examining the patient，the doctor advised him to have a good rest.
2．Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight.
3．Moving to the country cured her of the illness.
4．We kept on pumping water out of the ship to prevent it from sinking.
5．The characteristic(特点)I like best in her is her cheerfulness.
6．Only by scientific(科学的)training can Liu Xiang make such rapid progress in 110-meter hurdles.
7．She often concludes(结束)her class with a funny story.
8．The teacher announced(宣布)that we would have a few days off.
Ⅱ.短语填空
attend to,put forward,link...to...,every time,expose...to...,be to blame,divide...into,be absorbed in
1．She is always doing housework every_time I come to visit her.
2．I don’t know how I can attend_to it.
3．Who put_forward this suggestion？It’s very useful.
4．Pay attention，our interests are_linked_to yours.
5．Being_exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to our skin.
6．Let’s divide ourselves into several groups.
7．Not I but Tom was_to_blame_for the car accident.
8．The little girl was_absorbed_in reading a novel when I came in.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．This is the plan which was suggested at the meeting.
This is the plan which was put forward at the meeting.
2．The surrounding villages have been taken in the growing city.
The surrounding villages have been absorbed into the growing city.
3．The statue was taken away from the city center to the park.
The statue was removed from the city center to the park.
4．I want to have my own car.
I want to have a car of my own.
5．He has important things to attend to.
He has important things to deal with.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Don’t you think it was hundreds of experiments that led_to(导致)his great discovery?
2．To my surprise，they drew_a_conclusion_from(从……得出结论)the same fact.
3．As a nurse in the war，she was_exposed_to_many_dangers(置身于多种危险中)．
4．A spell in the army will_cure_him_of_his_laziness(将会治愈他的懒惰)．
5．He had_looked_through_many_books(查阅了许多书籍)before he started the research project.
6．Suddenly the plane was_out_of_control(失去控制)．
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．The biggest change brought about by China’s 30 years of reform and opening up is________in the thinking of the Chinese people.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．it B．one C．those D．that
答案　B
解析　one用作替代词，代替前面提到的a change。
2．Shenzhou Ⅶ，China’s third manned spacecraft，was launched into________space，accomplishing________most ambitious and risky task—spacewalk.
A．the；the B．the；a C．/；a D．/；the
答案　C
解析　space作“太空”讲，是一个抽象名词，不加任何冠词。由句意“中国的第三载人宇宙飞船‘神舟七号’成功发射到太空，同时完成了一次最雄心勃勃、最危险的任务——太空漫步”知应选C项。
3．________night coming on，they set off for home.
A．As B．With C．By D．When
答案　B
解析　with“随着”是介词，故后面是复合结构。
4．Nothing can________me finishing my work，I’ll carry on with it.
A．prevent B．keep C．lead D．help
答案　A
解析　prevent sb.(from)doing sth.阻止某人干某事。
5．All the students were________by the________speech given by him.
A．inspired；inspired B．inspiring；inspiring
C．inspired；inspiring D．inspiring；inspired
答案　C
解析　inspired受到鼓舞的；inspiring鼓舞人心的，令人鼓舞的。
6．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________tired of having one exam after another.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
答案　B
解析　not only...but also...连接并列主语时，谓语动词要按照就近原则。
7．I feel it is your husband who________for it.
A．is to blame B．is going to blame
C．is to be blamed D．should blame
答案　A
解析　be to blame应该受到惩罚，是固定结构。
8．John plays football________，if not better than，David.
A．as well B．as well as C．so well D．so well as
答案　B
解析　句意为：约翰踢球如果不比大卫好的话，就和他踢得一样好。
9．______，mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A．However late is he B．However late he is
C．However is he late D．However he is late
答案　B
解析　本句结构是however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。
10．She looks forward every spring to________the flower-lined garden.
A．visit B．paying a visit
C．walk in D．walking in
答案　D
解析　look forward to sth./doing sth.中“to”是介词。
Ⅵ.完形填空
There was a boy in India who was sent to a boarding school(寄宿学校)by his parents.__1__being sent away，this boy was the __2__student in his class.He was at the top in every__3__and always got high marks.
But the boy changed after __4__home and attending the boarding school.His grades started __5__.He hated being in a(n)__6__.He was lonely all the time.And there were dark times when he __7__to commit suicide(自杀)．All of this was because he felt__8__and thought no one loved him.
His parents started__9__the boy.But they didn’t even know what was wrong with him.So his__10__decided to go to the boarding school and __11__him.
They sat on the bank of the lake near the school.The father started asking him some questions about his classes，__12__and sports.After some time，his dad said，“Do you know，son，why I am here today？”
The boy answered，“To check my __13__？”
“__14__，”his dad replied.“I am here to tell you that you are the most important person to me.I want to see you __15__.I don’t care about grades.I care about you.I care about your happiness.You are my life.”
These words__16__the boy’s eyes to fill with tears.He__17__his dad.They didn’t say anything to each other for a long time.
Now the boy had __18__he wanted.He knew there was someone on this earth who cared for him deeply.He __19__the world to him.And today，this young man is in college at the top of his class，and no one has ever seen him __20__！
1．A. After B．Before C．Because D．Since
答案　B
解析　根据后文的“He was at the top...and always got high marks.”可知这个男孩在被送往寄宿学校之前，在他原来的班里他是最聪明的学生。
2．A. saddest B．tallest C．brightest D．prettiest
答案　C
解析　根据语境可知这个小男孩以前是班里最聪明的学生。
3．A. exam B．activity C．brightest D．sport
答案　A
解析　根据“and always got high marks”的语境可知男孩在每次考试中都名列前茅。
4．A .running B．returning C．leaving D．reaching
答案　C
解析　根据“attending the boarding school”的语境可知这个男孩在离开家上了寄宿学校之后变了。
5．A. rising B．losing C．escaping D．dropping
答案　D
解析　根据后文可知，男孩在新的环境中经历了情绪上的波动，有几次甚至想要自杀，故知他的成绩下降了。
6．A. group B．office finema D．hole
答案　A
解析　根据“He was lonely all the time.”可知他不喜欢集体活动。
7．A. set out B．wanted C．made up D．gave up
答案　B
解析　根据“And there were dark times”的语境可知男孩几度想自杀。
8．A. worthless B．careless
C．excited D．pleased
答案　A
解析　根据语境可知男孩情绪低落是因为他觉得没有人爱他，没有人在乎他，感觉自己很没用。
9．A. thinking of B．suffering from
C．worrying about D．talking about
答案　C
解析　根据语境可知他的父母开始担心起他来。
10．A. brother B．uncle C．mom D．dad
答案　D
解析　根据后文的“The father started asking him some questions about his classes”可知男孩的父亲去学校找到了他，和他进行了一次交谈。
11．A. talk with B．listen to C．find out D．look after
答案　A
解析　根据后文父亲与男孩谈话的语境可知父亲想去学校找儿子谈谈。
12．A. parents B．teachers C．desks D．schools
答案　B
解析　根据语境可知父亲问男孩一些关于课程、老师、运动之类的问题。
13．A classmates B．books
C．grades D．papers
答案　C
解析　根据后文的“I don’t care about grades.”可知男孩以为父亲是来检查他的成绩的。
14．A. Yes B．No C．Sure D．Yeah
答案　B
解析　从下文父亲说的话可推知，对于他来说，男孩是这个世界上最重要的人，他只在乎他，而不是他的学习和分数，所以他应该是说“不”。
15．A. happy B．smart C．lovely D．quiet
答案　A
解析　根据语境可知父亲跟男孩说他希望看到他快乐。
16．A caused B．advised
C．encouraged D．set
答案　A
解析　根据语境可知这些话使男孩眼里充满了泪水。
17．A. felt B．upset C．faced D．hugged
答案　D
解析　从文章所描述的情节可看出，男孩听了父亲的话后，眼里充满了泪水，可知他应是拥抱了父亲。
18．A .nothing B．someone
C．everything D．nobody
答案　C
解析　男孩听了父亲的话后，感觉拥有了他所想要的一切：即父母的关爱。
19．A. showed B．meant
C．produced D．expressed
答案　B
解析　根据语境可知，男孩知道他对他父亲来说意味着整个世界。
20．A. sad B．angry C．wordless D．crazy
答案　A
解析　根据语境可知男孩上了大学后，从没有人看到他伤心过。

　Unit 2　The United Kingdom
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
...，and for convenience it is_divided roughly into three zones.……为方便起见，英格兰大致可以划分为三个地区。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She divided the apple in half.
她把那个苹果一分为二。
He divided the cake into six pieces.
他把蛋糕分成六块。
Eight divided by two is four.
8除以2等于4。
?归纳拓展
divide...into...把……分成……
divide sth.in half/into halves把……分成两半
divide up划分；分配
divide by除以
divide sth. between A and B把……分配在A和B上
?完成句子
(1)He has decided to divide_the_books_between_Class_1_and_Class_2(把这些书分配给一班和二班)．
(2)The apple was_divided_into_halves/in_half(被一分为二)．
(3)15 divided_by_3(除以3) is 5.
2
England is the largest of the four countries，and for_convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Many stores have a delivery service for the convenience of customers.
为了便利顾客，许多商店设有送货服务。
Come to me at your earliest convenience.
在你方便时及早来我这里。
Is this evening convenient for you to go out?
你今天晚上出来方便吗？
?归纳拓展
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候
for convenience’s sake为了方便起见
convenience food方便食品
convenient adj.方便的，便利的
inconvenient adj.不方便的，不便利的
?完成句子
(1)It’s an inconvenient_time(时间不方便)to come.
(2)It causes_a_lot_of_inconvenience(造成许多不便)when buses don’t come.
(3)Drop in on me when it_is_convenient_to_you(你方便的时候)．
3
How many countries does the UK consist_of？联合王国由几个国家组成？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
A university consists of teachers，administrators and students.
大学由教师、行政人员和学生组成。
The information consists with her account.
这消息与她的描述是一致的。
?归纳拓展
consist in存在于；在于
consist of由……组成(同义词组be made up of)
consist with与……一致
?佳句背诵
(1)The happiness of a country consists in the freedom of its citizens.
一个国家的幸福在于其国民的自由。
(2)The entire world consists of matter.
整个世界都是由物质组成的。
4
It’s a pity that the industrial cities built in the 19th century do not attract visitors.很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The actress attracted much attention.
那个女演员吸引了很多的注意力。
I had been attracted by the idea of working abroad.
我总是向往去国外工作。
The cinema has little attraction for some people.
这家电影院对有些人来说缺少吸引力。
?归纳拓展
attraction n．[C]诱人之处，吸引人的地方(东西)；[U]吸引力
attractive adj.吸引人的
?完成句子
(1)The_attraction_of_the_moon(月球的吸引力)for the earth causes the tides.
(2)The Great Wall is one_of_the_great_tourist_attractions(吸引人的景点之一)of the world.
(3)A magnet(磁石)attracts_iron(吸铁)．
5
However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He is unwilling to help me.
他不愿意帮我。
You are plainly unwilling to co-operate.
你显然不愿合作。
It’s hard to pump facts into unwilling students.
向不自觉的学生灌输知识并非易事。
?归纳拓展
be unwilling to do sth.不情愿做某事
be willing to do sth.乐意做某事
unwillingly adv.勉强地
unwillingness n．不愿意
?完成句子
(1)Jane was_unwilling_to_admit(不愿意承认)she was wrong.
(2)She unwillingly(勉强地)agreed to go with them.
6
Happily this was_accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.令人庆幸地是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The students accomplished the task in less than ten minutes.
学生们在不到10分钟内完成了任务。
I accomplished two hours’ work before dinner.
我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。
?归纳拓展
to accomplish a purpose达到目的
accomplished adj.熟练的；有造诣的；精湛的
accomplishment n．成就；成绩；造诣；才艺
?佳句背诵
(1)The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks.
探险队在五周内完成了航程。
(2)We didn’t accomplish much at work this week.
我们这周在工作上没什么成就。
7
You can clarify this question if you study British history.如果你学过英国的历史，你就能够阐明这个问题。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I’ll clarify my stand at a proper time.
我将在合适的时候澄清我的立场。
Could you clarify the question?
你能解释这个问题吗？
?归纳拓展
clarification n．澄清；解释
clarify one’s stand/position阐明自己的立场
clarified adj.纯净的
?翻译句子
(1)His mind suddenly clarified.
他的头脑突然清醒了。
(2)We are seeking clarification from the judge.
我们在向法官讨个说法。
8
To_their_credit the four countries do work together in some areas...值得赞扬的是，这四个国家在某些方面的确是合作。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
His success brings credit to his family.
他的成功使全家增光。
He earned enough credits for his degree.
他为获得学位取得了足够的学分。
?归纳拓展
to one’s credit值得赞扬；在……名下
be a credit to...为……赢得荣誉的人(或事物)
give credit to...相信；称赞
lose credit with sb.失去某人的信任
have credit with sb.得到某人的信任
?佳句背诵
(1)No credit is given at this shop.
这家商店概不赊欠。
(2)Our international credit is excellent.
我们的国际信誉很好。
(3)She is a credit to her family.
她是给家里增光的人。
9 break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离；改掉(习惯)
However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke_away to form its own government.然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The boy broke away from his mother and ran away.
男孩挣脱了妈妈跑掉了。
It’s not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
对他来说改掉坏习惯是不容易的。
?归纳拓展
break out(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)爆发
break down(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉
break up分解，解散；击碎；使停止，结束
break into闯入；突然发出
break off中断
?完成句子
(1)A quarrel broke_out_between_them(在他们之间突然爆发)．
(2)It’s wrong of him to_break_away_from_all_his_friends(和所有的朋友断绝关系)．

Which country is_left_out？哪个国家被漏掉了？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
—She left out an important detail in her report.
——她在报告中遗漏了一个重要的细节。
—Yes，she left out Question 10.
——是的，她省去了第10个问题。
Don’t leave me out please!
请不要忘了我！
?归纳拓展
leave alone不管；别惹；撇下……一个人
leave aside搁置
leave for动身到(某处)
leave off停止；脱掉；关上
leave behind 留下(不带走)；遗忘(没拿)；遗留
leave word留下话(口信)
?翻译句子
(1)In copying this paper，be careful not to leave out any words.
抄这份文件时，千万不要漏掉任何词。
(2)He should not have left out the funniest part of the story.
他本不应该省略故事中最有趣的部分。

Happily this was accomplished without_conflict...令人高兴的是，完成这次合并没有发生冲突……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The two political parties are now in conflict on foreign policies.
两个政党现在就外交政策展开争论。
Armed conflict could start at any time in that area.
那一地区随时会发生武装冲突。
?归纳拓展
conflict between two countries两国间的冲突
a bloody conflict血战
come into conflict with...和……冲突
in conflict with...同……相冲突/有抵触/有矛盾
conflict n．争论，争吵；冲突；战争；矛盾
?佳句背诵
(1)She is in conflict with her employer over pay.
她在工资待遇上与雇主发生争执。
(2)He and his wife frequently came into conflict.
他和妻子经常发生争执。
be known as被称作；被认为；以……而知名/著称
...and the one nearest to Scotland is_known_as the North.最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He is known as a fair judge.
他被认为是一位公正的法官。
The village is known as Garden Mill.
该村被称为米尔花园。
?归纳拓展
be known for...因……而出名
be known to sb.为……所知
be known by根据……得知
make oneself known to sb.自我介绍
?完成句子
(1)She is known_mostly_for_her_love_poetry(主要以她的爱情诗出名)．
(2)He was best_known_as_a_painter(以画家的身份最为出名)．
(3)He made_himself_known_to_the_audience(向观众做了自我介绍)．
1 It’s a pity that the industrial cities built in the 19th century do not attract visitors.遗憾的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
?用法点拨
It’s a pity you missed the sports meeting last week.
很可惜，上周的运动会你错过了。
It’s a pity too much waste has been poured into the river.
很遗憾太多的废物被倒进了河里。
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
?归纳拓展
It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句
如果从句表示出乎意料，意为“竟然”，从句一般用“(should)＋动词原形”。
?完成句子
(1)It’s no_surprise(不惊奇)that our team has won the game.
(2)It’s_a_pity(真遗憾)that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
(3)It’s_a_pity (真遗憾)that you’re leaving.
2 To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas,...值得赞扬的是，这四个国家在某些方面的确是合作的……
?用法点拨
do在本句中起强调作用，用来强调句中的动词。
You do look beautiful today.
你今天看起来真的很漂亮。
I did clean the room last night.
我昨晚的确打扫房间了。
He does like collecting stamps.
他确实喜欢集邮。
?归纳拓展
do/does/did＋v.(原形)只用于肯定句和祈使句中，在祈使句中可以翻译为“务必，千万”。
?佳句背诵
(1)Do be careful！务必小心！
(2)He did call you yesterday.他昨天的确给你打电话了。
(3)We do like play football.我们的确喜欢踢足球。
地理之谜
人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样，但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。
首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来，名字就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最后，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国的国旗上就可以看得出来。
值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和在国际关系上，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的足球队。
在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。要找寻历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。
最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁—撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。最早的入侵者是古罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。其次是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，他们留下了他们的语言和政体。第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇和北部的地名留下了影响。第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和新的食物名称的词语。如果你到英国乡间去看看，你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义，你就必须留心观察。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The club now consists of more than 2,000 members.
2．Let’s make it tomorrow if it suits your convenience.
3．15 divided by 3 equals 5.
4．Being your own boss is one of the attractions of owing your own business.
5．His mind suddenly clarified(清醒)after the teacher’s explanations
6．Roughly(粗略地)speaking，I would say that about 100 people attended the meeting.
7．The government has shown an unwillingness(不愿意)to negotiate on this issue.
8．We spent an enjoyable(令人愉快的)evening chatting about old times.
Ⅱ.短语填空
break away from,leave out,consist of,be linked to,for convenience,as well as,divide into,break down?
1．Do you believe their diet mainly consists_of vegetables?
2．The prisoner broke_away_from his guards and escaped.
3．Because of the strong wind，the telephone system has_broken_down.
4．This kind of light can closely be_linked_to skin cancer.
5．You can keep the name list on the table for_convenience.
6．You’ve made a mistake you’ve left_out the letter “F”．
7．Electric energy can be changed into light energy as_well_as into sound energy.
8．The Summer Olympics run for about two weeks and the summer athletic events are divided_into five categories.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．He speaks not only Chinese but also Russian.
He speaks Russian as well as Chinese.
2．The exhibition is worth visiting.
The exhibition is worth a visit.
3．I hope what I say will make the situation clear.
I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
4．“Do be careful！” he said to us.
He told us to be careful.
5．How many countries does the UK consist of?
How many countries is the UK made up of?
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．She left_out(漏掉)a “c” in “account”．
2．It was strange that he should_have_made(竟然作出了)such a foolish decision.
3．He divides_his_energy_between(把精力分别用于)politics and business.
4．It’s_no_wonder/No_wonder(难怪)you were late—you got up so late.
5．The exhibition has_attracted_thousands_of_visitors(吸引了成千上万的参观者)．
6．Mark Twain influenced_his_writing_style(影响了他的写作风格)in some way.
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．The girl stood there，keeping her eyes________and her mouth________.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A close；open B．close；opened
C closed；opened D．closed；open
答案　D
解析　句意为：那个女孩站在那里，眼睛闭着，嘴巴张着。keep one’s eyes closed and one’s mouth open中closed用过去分词，open用形容词。
2．She said she was not________to accept the honor they had offered her.
A．worthwhile B．worth
C．worthy D．valuable
答案　A
解析　be worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.，be worthy of sth./doing sth.，be worth doing sth.均用主语语态，这三个词组都表示“值得……的”，故选A项。
3．A library with five thousand books________to the nation as a gift.
A．are offered B．have been offered
C．had been offered D．is offered
答案　D
解析　本句的主语是a library，因此谓语动词要用单数，故选D项。
4．—When could you have a meal with me?
—I’d like to go whenever it is________to you.
A．fit B．nice C convenient D．suit
答案　C
解析　表示“某人方便的时候”常用It is convenient to sb.的结构。
5．With summer________near，it is hotter and hotter.
A came B．comes C coming D．come
答案　C
解析　句意为：随着夏天的临近，天越来越热了。with＋宾语＋doing用作状语，故选C项。
6．—I wonder if I could use your phone.
—________.I won’t use it until 8∶45.
A．Yes，you could B．Go ahead
C．I’m afraid not D．Please do
答案　B
解析　go ahead意思是“干吧！说吧！用吧！”。
7．I enjoy noodles________by my mother，which tastes very delicious.
A cooked B．cooking
C．being cooked D．being cooking
答案　A
解析　noodles cooked by my mother妈妈做的面条。由于noodles和cook之间存在着动宾关系，故选A项。
8．The test________a number of multiple choice questions.
A consists of B．lies in C．makes of D．takes in
答案　A
解析　句意为：这次测试包括(含有)许多选择题。consist of由……组成，包含，故选A项。
9．—Class Nine won the relay race.
—________！They’ve never won before!
A．How surprise B．What big surprise
C．How surprised D．What a great surprise
答案　D
解析　感叹句有两种形式：How＋adj.和What＋a/an＋adj.＋n.，但是在这儿应该用How surprising！多么令人吃惊啊！因此答案是What a great surprise！真是一件令人吃惊的事。
10．He________to see me and help me with my English when I was ill.
A．did come B．did came
C comes D．was coming
答案　A
解析　do/did/dose＋v.原形，意思是“的确，确实；千万，务必”。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to__1__.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed__2__in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theater was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing__3__ from her.
__4__，Roberta had never acted in her life before the audition(选拔试演)．She__5__ being in front of other people.She was very__6__ at school.She had never thought she was good enough at anything to__7__ much attention.She stayed mostly to herself，making__8__ friends.She had excellent grades，__9__ she always thought that something was missing.
Two weeks before the audition，Roberta’s mother had heard about it and__10__ her to join in.
“I can’t think of anyone else better suited to __11__the part.Remember all the plays you used to act out for us.”
Roberta looked down.“I’m not interested.”
Her mother wouldn’t let the __12__drop.“You’re just a little scared(害怕)．Everyone gets scared.You know you__13__ do it.The trick is to look past the __14__to find the love of what you’re doing.”
So Roberta had made an appointment(预约)with the head of the Drama Club.She had read the play and found herself excited by the __15__ of speaking such rich words.In secret she practiced Portia’s part, __16__the lines by repeating them over and over.It wasn’t hard；she__17__every minute of it.Every time she spoke the words，she had a new__18__ of the lines，as if Shakespeare had written Portia on many levels.
On the day of the audition，she__19__two of Portia’s famous speeches for the auditors.When she had finished，the head of the Drama Club announced the __20__ was hers.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．A.sing B．dance C．speak D．report
答案　C
解析　由文章第一段最后一句“She was speaking...”可知此处应用speak。
2．A. member B．actress
C．player D．character
答案　D
解析　Portia是莎士比亚戏剧中的一个“人物”。
3．A. weakly B．rapidly C．smoothly D．slowly
答案　C
解析　由上下文可知她演讲时充满激情，话语从口中“顺畅地”流出。
4．A. At first B．In fact
C．After all D．In all
答案　B
解析　事实上，她在这次选拔试演前从未表演过。
5．A .hated B．enjoyed
C．appreciated D．regretted
答案　A
解析　她讨厌站在众人前面。
6．A. honest B．shy C．polite D．patient
答案　B
解析　由上下文可知她在学校里很害羞，不善交际。
7．A. avoid B．focus C．pay D．attract
答案　D
解析　她从来没有想到她能够吸引别人的注意。
8．A. few B．a few C．several D．many
答案　A
解析　她在多数情况下独处，很少交朋友。
9．A. or B．so C．for D．but
答案　D
解析　由上下文可知，此处为转折关系。
10．A. forced B．requested
C．encouraged D．reminded
答案　C
解析　母亲听说选拔试演的事之后，“鼓励”她参加。
11．A. accept B．play C．offer D．learn
答案　B
解析　play the part“扮演这一角色”。
12．A. role B．matter C．interest D．grade
答案　B
解析　母亲不愿就这样放弃“这件事”，即“让女儿参加表演”一事。
13．A can B．must C．may D．should
答案　A
解析　句意为：“你知道你能成功。”
14．A .anger B．pain C．sadness D．fear
答案　D
解析　句意为：“窍门是你要超越恐惧，找到你对所做之事的热爱或兴趣。”
15．A. purpose B．way
C．idea D．importance
答案　C
解析　她读了剧本，并发现自己对说出这些丰富的话语的“想法”感到兴奋。
16．A. memorizing B．organizing
C checking D．improving
答案　A
解析　私下里她练习Portia这一角色，“记住了”台词。
17．A. disliked B．loved
C．expected D．bore
答案　B
解析　她“热爱”练习的每一分钟。
18．A consideration B．description
C．selection D．understanding
答案　D
解析　每次她说这些话语时，对这些话语(台词)便会有新的“理解”。
19．A. practiced B．planned
C．performed D．delivered
答案　C
解析　在选拔试演这一天，她为听众“表演”了Portia的两个著名的演说。
20．A. part B．play C．speech D．position
答案　A
解析　最后宣布Portia这一“角色”由她来演。
Unit 3　Life in the future
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
FIRST IMPRESSIONS第一印象(回归课本)
?用法点拨
What were your first impressions of Beijing?
你对北京的第一印象如何？
The book left/made a deep impression on him.
这本书给他留下了深刻的印象。
What he said gave her a bad impression.
他的话给她留下了恶劣的印象。
?归纳拓展
impress v．给……留下印象；使感动
……给某人留下印象
have/make a good/bad impression on sb.给某人留下好/坏印象
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
an impressive scene难忘的场面
an impressive story感人的故事
?完成句子
(1)His heroic deed created a_lasting_impression_on_people(给人留下了永不磨灭的印象)．
(2)He looked around the house，wished to impress everything on_his_mind(铭记在脑海中)．
2
I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.我得不断提醒自己，我已进入公元3008年。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He reminded me of his brother.
他使我想起了他的哥哥。
I reminded him to answer that letter.
我提醒他要回信。
I reminded him that he must go home before dark.
我提醒他必须在天黑前回家。
?归纳拓展
remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that-clause 提醒某人……
reminder n．提醒物；通知单
?翻译句子
(1)这些照片让我想起了那些快乐的日子。
These_photos_reminded_me_of_those_happy_days.
(2)他提醒我尽可能常给他发电子邮件。
He_reminded_me_to_send_an_e-mail_to_him_as_often_as_possible.
3
Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I can’t buy the bike because of my lack of money.
我因为缺钱而不能买那辆自行车。
A lack of food caused her to grow weak.
缺少食物导致她长得很弱。
We still lack the necessary information.
我们仍缺少必要的信息。
?归纳拓展
lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时常与介词for或in连用。
lack (for) sth.缺少……
be lacking in sth.缺少……
for/by/from/through lack of因缺乏……，因没有……
(a) lack of...……方面的缺乏
have no lack of不缺乏……
?完成句子
(1)He was acquitted for_lack_of_evidence(因证据不足)．
(2)He is_lacking_in_responsibility(不够负责)．
4
These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat，you can move swiftly.这些气垫车是在地面上方飘浮着的，只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯或压下，你就可以迅速地移动。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He pressed the doorbell but nobody answered.
他按了按门铃，但是没人开门。
He pressed his way through the crowd and bought the gift.
他挤过人群买了这份礼物。
As we all know，the power of the press is great.
众所周知，新闻界的力量非常大。
?归纳拓展
be pressed逼迫；拮据
be pressed for time/money缺少时间/金钱
press on/upon努力继续或前进
?佳句背诵
(1)She pressed the button to start the engine.
她按按钮来发动引擎。
(2)Don’t press him to do what he doesn’t like to do.
不要逼迫他做他不喜欢做的事。
5
Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation，Wang Ping appeared.正当我要为了适应新环境而做一些必要的调整时，王平出现了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I have made a few adjustments to the plan.
我对计划做了些小小的调整。
She made a quick adjustment to her new job.
她很快就适应了新的工作。
Some adjustments may be necessary.
可能有必要做些调整。
?归纳拓展
adjust...to...使……适应……
adjust to适应
adjustable adj.可调整的
?翻译句子
(1)She adjusted the seat to the height of her child.
她调整座椅以适合她孩子的身高。
(2)He soon adjusted to school life.
他不久就适应了学校的生活。
(3)You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.
你必须使自己适应新环境。
6
Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen，and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.然后王平把电脑荧屏上的开关闪了一下，于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术般地从地板下面升了起来。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.
墙上有一个开电灯的开关。
He switched the conversation from one subject to another.
他转变话题。
?归纳拓展
switch around(使)经常更换工作；使变换位置
switch from (to)变换；转移
switch to转(换)到
switch off切断(电流)；不收听(某一广播)；不关注
switch on 接上(电流)；收听；(使)兴致勃勃
?完成句子
(1)Please switch_off(关掉)your mobile phone.
(2)I used to cook on electricity，but I’ve switched_to_gas(换成天然气了)．
(3)Don’t switch_the_TV_on(开电视)．
7
Have a class discussion and decide whether you think the writer has an optimistic or a pessimistic view of the future.全班同学讨论一下，判断作者对未来是持有乐观还是悲观的态度。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The graduates are optimistic about their future.
这些大学毕业生对未来抱有乐观态度。
The sixties were，in general，an optimistic decade.
总的说来，60年代是个乐观的年代。
?归纳拓展
be optimistic about对……抱乐观态度
optimism n．乐观，乐观主义
optimist n．乐观者，乐观主义者
pessimism n．悲观主义
pessimist n．悲观主义者
pessimistic adj.悲观的
?佳句背诵
(1)She said she was optimistic about the future of the company.
她说她对公司的未来感到乐观。
(2)I remain optimistic that a peaceful settlement of the dispute can be achieved.
我对争端能得到和平解决这一点仍抱乐观态度。
8 uncertain adj.不确定的；不能断定的；心中无数的
So I was very nervous and uncertain at first.因此，我一开始就感到神经过敏和心神不定。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
We are uncertain about how to deal with this matter.
我们不知如何处理这事。
I am used to the uncertain weather in Britain.
我适应了英国变化莫测的天气。
?归纳拓展
It is uncertain whether/why/how etc.不清楚……
remain uncertain仍不得而知
be uncertain about/of对……心中无数；不能断定
uncertainly adv.不清楚地；不确定地
uncertainty n．不知道；不确定
?佳句背诵
(1)The economic outlook was beginning to look uncertain.
经济前景开始变得不甚明朗。
(2)I left the meeting feeling anxious，and was uncertain about what to do next.
我满心焦虑地离开了会场，不知道下一步该怎么办。
9
I still cannot believe that I’m taking_up the prize that I won last year.我现在仍然不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
If I didn’t take up the challenge，it would mean I failed.
如果我不接受挑战，那就意味着我输了。
When did you take to mountain climbing?
你什么时候喜欢上登山运动的？
?归纳拓展
take off脱下；起飞；成功
take on雇用；呈现；接受
take out (带某人)出去
take over接管；接手；接任
take to喜欢上……，对……产生好感
take back收回
take down拆除；记下
?完成句子
(1)She_took_up_engineering(干起了工程设计)at the age of 22.
(2)The band’s new album takes_up_where_their_last_one_left_off(是接上一集的乐曲录制的)．

I felt better in_no_time.我立刻感到舒服些了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
On hearing the noise，he got up in no time to see what had happened.
一听见噪音他就起床去看一下发生了什么。
He made a call in no time.
他立即拨打了电话。
?归纳拓展
at any time在任何时候
at a time逐一；每次
at one time曾经，一度
at times有时
at that time在那时
at the same time同时； 不过，然而
at all times一直
from time to time不时的
in time及时；迟早
?完成句子
(1)He is slightly mad；at_the_same_time(不过，然而) he is one of the kindest men that I know.
(2)Don’t be so disappointed.If you spare no efforts to study，you will succeed in_time(迟早)．

However，I lost_sight_of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.当我们到达一个看上去像个大市场的地方时，由于太多的气垫车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不到王平了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I saw her for a moment but then lost sight of her in the crowd.
我看了她一会儿，然后她就消失在人群了。
He lost his sight in an accident.
他在一起事故中丧失了视力。
?归纳拓展
sight n．视力；视觉；前景；风景，指“名胜”时常用复数形式，常与the连用。“看……名胜”常用see the sights或do the sights.
at first sight乍一看
at the sight of看到
in sight＝within sight在视野内
in the sight of以……的观点看，以……的眼光看
out of sight在看不见的地方，在视野外
in one’s sight某人看得到
catch/get/have sight of看到
lose one’s sight失明
lose sight of看不到
come into sight进入视野内，映入眼帘
go out of sight从视野中消失，变得看不见
?完成句子
(1)She saw her boyfriend off at the railway station，she waved until the train was out_of_sight(看风景名胜)of Taibei.
(2)Many people come to see_the_sights/do_the_sights(看风景名胜)．
(3)They fell in love with each other at_first_sight(一见钟情)．

He was swept_up into the center of them.他被卷入到这群车队中去了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I’m going to sweep up.我要去打扫卫生。
Would you sweep up the broken glass?
你把这些碎玻璃清扫干净行吗？
?归纳拓展
sweep aside用力把……推到一边；对……置之不理
sweep away扫走；刮走；冲走
sweep down冲下
sweep off扫去；大量清除
sweep over扫过；席卷
?佳句背诵
(1)He swept aside all her objections.
他全然不顾她的反对意见。
(2)Many people died when floods swept their homes away.
许多人在洪水冲毁他们的家园时丧生。
(3)A wave of tiredness swept over her.
她突然感到一阵倦意。
1 The air seemed thin,as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。
?用法点拨
as though＝as if仿佛，好像，引导表语从句，此时从句常用虚拟语气，也可引导方式状语从句，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气(也可用陈述语气)。
He behaves as if he owned the place.
他的所作所为好像他是这个地方的主人。
He talks as though he knew where she was.
他说话的样子好像知道她在哪里似的。
?翻译句子
(1)He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
(2)They talked as if they had known for many years.
他们谈起来就像已经认识了好多年了。
(3)It looks as if it’s going to rain.
天看上去好像要下雨了。
2
?用法点拨
hit by a lack of air为过去分词作原因状语，相当于because引导的从句。
Deeply moved by what he said，the children began to cry.
由于被他所说的话深深感动，孩子们都哭了起来。
?完成句子
(1)Born_in_a_poor_family(由于生于贫困家庭)，he couldn’t afford to go to school.
(2)Much_interested_in_the_job(由于对这项工作很感兴趣)，he agreed to give it a try.
(3)Tired_of_travelling(由于厌倦了旅行)，he bought a house in the country and settled down.
第一印象
太空邮件：liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceSation.com15/11/3008(地球时间)
亲爱的爸爸妈妈：
我现在仍然不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。我得不断提醒自己，我真的已经进入到公元3008年了。因为担心这次旅行，头几天我心里总是不踏实，结果我得了时间滞后症。这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你脑子里似乎会不断闪现以前的时光。因此，我一开始就感到神经过敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细心体贴，给了我几粒绿色药片，倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做“未来之旅”，以其技术高超而闻名。他们把我装在一个时间舱里，平安地把我送入了未来。
我仍旧记得我们被太空服务员一起叫到时间舱，爬上去进入一个小门。座位是很舒适的，喝了点镇静剂以后，我们的眼睛就闭上了，感到昏昏欲睡似的。时间舱在轻轻左右摇晃，我们放松地躺在那里做梦。几分钟以后，旅程结束，我们就到了。我仍然在地球上，但是进到了未来的一千年。我们会看到什么呢？
一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。正当我想努力调整适应新环境时，王平出现了。他告诉我，“把这个面罩戴上。它会使你感觉好得多。”他把面罩递给
我，敦促我马上走进附近的一个小房间，叫我休息。我立刻就感到舒服些了。没过多久，我就再次站立起来，跟着他去领取了一台由电脑驱动的汽垫车。这些汽垫车是在地面上方飘浮着的。只要在座椅上用力打弯或压下(操纵杆)，你就可以迅速地移动。王平系紧了我的安全带，教我怎样使用它。不久，我就可以飞得跟王平一样快了。可是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。他被卷入到这群车队中去了。就在这个时候我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回，这样我就再次看到了似乎是2008年的那个地区。我这才懂得我被送到了未来，但却仍然在自己的家乡。就在这个时候，我又见到了王平，于是又跟在他后面飞去。
到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大房间。墙是绿色的，地板是棕色的，灯光很柔和。突然墙壁移动了——原来是树形成的！后来我才发现，就是这些树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。然后王平在电脑荧屏上闪了一下开关，于是一个桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。“怎么不坐下来吃些东西呢”他说道，“你第一次作这样的时间旅行，可能会感到有些困难。你可以好好休息一下。今天没有任何出行计划。明天你还要准备参观几个地方。”说完这些，他把食物摆在桌子上，又从地板下取出一张床来。他离开后，我简单吃了饭，洗了个热水澡。实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。
以后再谈吧！
你的儿子
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They are pressing us to make a quick decision.
2．Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings.
3．He is a man who is optimistic about life.So we can say he can live a long life.
4．The birds flew away in all directions.
5．Previous(在……之前)to leaving for France，he studied a lot about the country.
6．Travellers are reminded(提醒)that they must come back before dark.
7．The experience left a lasting impression (印象)on me.
8．She is constantly(不断地)changing her mind.
Ⅱ.短语填空
sweep up,take up,lack for,as a result (of),out of sight,remind...of,slide into,make a good impression on?
1．You’ll not lack_for money.
2．He was late for school this morning as_a_result_of the snow.
3．Leave any valuables in your car out_of_sight.
4．The story you’ve just told reminded_me_of an experience I once had.
5．They’ve sped_up production of the new car.
6．The coping of these documents took_up the whole morning.
7．The child slid_into the classroom while the teacher wasn’t noticing.
8．As a newcomer，you must make_a_good_impression on everyone.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．We didn’t leave the station until we couldn’t see the train.
We didn’t leave the station until we lost sight of the train.
2．Because I took no notice of my daughter，she got very angry.
I took no notice of my daughter，so that she got very angry.
3．Worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.
Because I was worried about the journey，I was unsettled for the first few days.
4．His mother thought he lacked confidence.
His mother thought he was lacking in confidence.
5．The enemies fled in all directions.
The enemies fled in every direction.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Have you considered taking_up_his_offer_of_a_job(接受他提供的工作)?
2．It seemed as_though_the_day_would_never_end(白天永远也过不完)．
3．He was soon swept_up_into_the_floods(卷入洪水中)．
4．I_have_the_impression(我印象)that he doesn’t smoke.
5．Money_was_lacking(缺少资金)for the plan.
6．She was brought up by her mother in_comfortable_surroundings(在舒适的环境中)．
Ⅴ.单项填空
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．We must not________the good traditions passed down from generation to generation.
A catch sight of B．lose the sight of
C．lose sight of D．catch the sight of
答案　C
解析　lose sight of忘记，忽略；看不见；catch sight of突然看见……。
2．I’ve applied for the job but I’m not very________about my chance of getting it.
A．optimistic B．optimism
C．optimistically D．optimist
答案　A
解析　be optimistic about...对……是乐观的。
3．If you want to slow down，you must________harder on the brakes.
A．take B．press C．sweep D．carry
答案　B
解析　句意为：如果你想减速，就必须使劲踩闸。press挤，压；按。
4．—Your ceiling requires________.
—Yes，I’ll have some workers________it.
A．mending；to mend B．mending；mend
C．to mend；mend D．to be mended；to mend
答案　B
解析　sth.need/want/require doing...需要……；have sb. do sth.让某人做某事。
5．After one year’s construction，our school________a new look.
A．took on B．took over
C．took off D．took in
答案　A
解析　take on呈现；take over接手，接替；take off脱去(衣服)；(飞机)起飞；take in包含，包括；接纳，收留。
6．This hotel________me________the one where we lived last year.
A．reminds；to B．remembers；of
C．reminds；of D．remembers；to
答案　C
解析　remind sb. of sth.让某人想起……。
7．—Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
—Yes！They have better players，so I________them to win.
A．hope B．prefer C．expect D．want
答案　C
解析　expect sb. to do sth.预测/预料某人干某事。
8．The extra work________most of his spare time.
A．takes up B．makes up
C．saves up D．puts up
答案　A
解析　take up占据(时间、空间等)。
9．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it________.
A．breaks B．has broken
C．were broken D．had been broken
答案　C
解析　句意为：当铅笔的一部分放进水杯里时，它看上去好像断了。as if后面的句子用虚拟语气，故选C项。
10．The tower clock was________eleven when I was walking towards home.
A．hitting B．beating C．striking D．knowing
答案　C
解析　strike(时钟)敲响，报时。
Ⅵ.完形填空
We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago.I decided to__1__ a car because we had sold the one we had in England before__2__ home.Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was __3__. I had tried out a model like it before，but as I was not yet__4__ driving in this city，my wife did not want me to collect it __5__ so we went together to __6__ it.We paid for the car and __7__ the papers.They told us that there was __8__ petrol(汽油) to take us to a garage，where we could fill up.The__9__ garage to the office was about 100 yards away and we got there __10__.But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing __11__me. I got out of __12__ as fast as I could by backing into the garage__13__ and the man behind __14__ me.
“It’s such a problem to __15__ to drive on the right side，isn’t it？” my wife said.“Yes，if only I had had a few lessons for __16__.” I replied.“You had better go__17__ on the way home，”my wife said.“You’d be sorry if you had__18__ on the first day，wouldn’t you？” While we were talking，the man behind got out of his car and said in good English，“Would you mind telling me __19__ you are thinking of leaving？__20__ are you going to sit in your car all day？”
1．A. borrow B．drive C．buy D．choose
答案　C
解析　因为“我们”的车已卖掉，且下文中提到sales office，因此“我们”决定在西班牙买辆车。
2．A. leaving B．making C．returning D．getting
答案　A
解析　因第一句提到“我们”到达西班牙，因此此处应是指“我们”离开家之前。
3．A. right B．ready C．fixed D．sold
答案　B
解析　因下文中说“我们”已试了一辆此类的车了，所以此处应是指销售部已给“我们”准备好了车，让“我们”去提车。
4．A. sure of B．satisfied with
C．interested in D．used to
答案　D
解析　be sure of对……确信，有把握；be satisfied with
对……感到满意；be interested in对……感兴趣；be used to doing习惯于……。根据上下文可知，作者刚到这座城市，还不习惯于在此地开车。
5．A. on my own B．right away
C．in a hurry D．on the way
答案　A
解析　on my own独自，单独；right away立刻，马上；in a hurry急急忙忙；on the way在路上。根据下文“我们”一起去提车，所以此处为妻子不让“我”自己去。
6．A. receive B．bring C．order D．fetch
答案　D
解析　receive收到；bring拿来；order订购；fetch去取来。根据句意知D项正确。
7．A. accepted B．wrote C．signed D．copied
答案　C
解析　accept接受；write写；sign签；copy抄。此处表示签文件。
8．A. little B．enough C．much D．no
答案　B
解析　此处为enough to do句型，车里有足够的油，可以使“我们”到达某个加油站。
9．A .best B．nearest
C．quickest D．cleanest
答案　B
解析　距离销售部最近的加油站是100码。
10．A.lately B．directly C．safely D．slowly
答案　C
解析　根据下文可知，在这100码的距离中，“我们”没出问题。
11．A. after B．with C．around D．towards
答案　D
解析　很多车朝着“我们”开来。
12．A. their way B．the garage
C．their sight D．the car
答案　A
解析　因为“我们”与他们在一条路上相向而开，所以“我”赶快给他们让出路来。
13．A . at last B．once more
C．as usual D．as well
答案　B
解析　“我”又一次倒回到加油站。at last最后；once more又一次，再一次；as usual像平常一样；as well也，和。
14．A caught B．cheered
C．shouted at D．chatted with
答案　C
解析　根据上下文的意思，“我”又倒回了加油站，挡住了后面的车，因此后面车上的人对“我”大喊大叫。
15．A. prepare B．continue
C choose D．remember
答案　D
解析　prepare准备；continue继续；choose选择；remember记住。句意为：问题是要记住靠右边驾驶。
16．A. discussion B．adventure
C．experiment D．practice
答案　D
解析　要是“我”早练习上几次就好了。
17．A carefully B．smoothly
C．quickly D．differently
答案　A
解析　根据下文“如果第一天就发生事故的话，你会很遗憾的”，因此此处应为小心开车。
18．A. an error B．a problem
C．an accident D．a headache
答案　C
解析　error小差错；problem问题；accident事故；headache头痛，根据句意知C项正确。
19．A.when B．why C．how D．what
答案　A
解析　后面的人等得不耐烦了，因此他问“我”什么时候走。
20．A.For B．Or C．But D．So
答案　B
解析　此处为并列的两个疑问句。
Unit 4　Making the news
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1
You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you，...你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你，……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Everyone is eager for success.
每个人都渴望成功。
She is in her eagerness to adopt the doggie.
她急于要收养那条狗。
?归纳拓展
be eager for/about sth.渴求某事物
be eager to do sth.渴望做……
eagerly adv.渴望地；殷切地
eagerness n．渴望
with great eagerness殷切地
?完成句子
(1)He is eager to_pass_the_College_Entrance_Exam(金榜题名)．
(2)He is_very_eager(热衷于)in acting.
2
Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后才有可能获得你想知道的信息。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She acquired a knowledge of French by careful study.
她通过认真学习而学会了法语。
Mr.Brown acquired a fortune in the oil business.
布朗先生在石油业上发了财。
?归纳拓展
acquired adj.后天的；(通过学习、经历等)获得的；已成习惯的
acquirement n．获得；学到；学到的东西
?佳句背诵
(1)She has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.
她最近养成了一些不良的习惯。
(2)The little boy acquired a large English vocabulary.
那个小孩学会了大量英语词汇。
3
...，so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.因此如果你对摄影感兴趣，在以后的时间里你可以把精力集中在它上面。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I was sleeping badly and finding it hard to concentrate.
我没睡好，因此我很难集中注意力。
Luke wants to concentrate on his film career.
卢克想全力以赴投身电影事业。
?归纳拓展
concentrate (sth.) on sth./doing sth.专心致志于某事/做某事
concentrate one’s attention/efforts on sth.集中精力/全力以赴干某事
concentrated adj.集中的；浓缩的
concentrated fire集中火力
concentrated food浓缩食品
concentration n．集中；专心
?完成句子
(1)You should concentrate_your_efforts(集中精力)on passing these exams.
(2)She lost concentration(不留神)for a moment and slipped.
4
You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you，...你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你，……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
We all assisted in planting trees on the hill in March.
三月我们都在山上帮助植树。
Can you assit me to work out the problem?
你能帮助我解答这个问题吗？
?归纳拓展
assist sb. to do sth.促进，有助于……
assistant n．助手，助理
assistance n．帮助，援助
assistor n．帮助者；加力器
?佳句背诵
(1)The plan assists young people to find work.
该计划为年轻人找工作提供帮助。
(2)Her job is to assist the head chef.
她的工作是为主厨打下手。
5
Not only am I interested in photography，but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还修过摄影来提高我的技巧呢。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The data should be updated once a week.
这些数据应该每星期更新一次。
The latest edition has been completely revised and updated.
最新的版本已作了彻底的修订与更新。
?归纳拓展
update sb.on sth.向……提供最新消息
update n．最新报道；最新消息；(计算机程序的)更新软件
an update on关于……的最新消息
?完成句子
(1)Dr.Cooper can_update_us_on_the_latest_developments(能为我们提供有关最新发展的信息)．
(2)We’ll give you an_update(最新消息)on the hostage situation.
6
The word “gifted” is usually used to describe a journalist.单词“gifted”通常被用来描述记者。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He is gifted at singing.他有唱歌的天赋。
She is a gifted child.她是个有天赋的孩子。
?归纳拓展
be gifted in/at在……方面有天赋
gift n．天赋；才华
have a gift for对……有天赋
?佳句背诵
(1)She gets her gift for languages from her mother.
她从母亲那里继承了语言天赋。
(2)Tom has a gift for music.
汤姆有音乐天赋。
7
They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.他们必须通过调查研究，来告诉自己被遗漏的那部分情况。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I informed him (about) where to go.
我告诉了他我要去的地方。
Did you inform them of the progress of the work?
你把工作进程告诉他们了吗？
We’ll keep you informed.
我们将随时向你报告情况。
?归纳拓展
inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事
inform sb. that...通知某人……
be fully informed被全面告知
information n．消息；情报
?完成句子
(1)You should keep your parents informed_of_your_study_and_life(随时知道你的生活和学习情况)．
(2)She is always well_informed(消息灵通)about this kind of thing.
8
That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it.那就是说，在人们还没有说出全部真相之前，你就要能够判断出，并力求发现真理。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.
我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。
How do you assess your students?
你如何评估学生们？
?归纳拓展
assessment n．确定，评定；评价；看法
assessable adj.可估价的；可征收的
assess sth.at...估计某物……
?佳句背诵
(1)The income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.
这个地方的学校教师的收入估计为900美元。
(2)I’d assess your chances as extremely low.
我估计你的机会很小。
9
Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick？你们有没有过这样的情况，别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
My teacher often accuses me of carelessness.
老师时常指责我粗心。
He was accused of robbing the bank.
他被控告抢劫银行。
?归纳拓展
ask sb. of...问某人……
inform sb. of...通知某人……
cure sb. of...给某人治好……病
rob sb. of...抢了某人……
warn sb. of...警告某人提防……
?完成句子
(1)Once，a neighbour accused_me_of(指责我)playing my radio too loudly.
(2)She accused the boy of_stealing_her_purse(偷了她的钱包)．

A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so_as_to let the other team win.一个足球运动员被指挥受贿，故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He worked like crazy in order to/so as to finish his work on time.
为了按时交工，他拼命工作。
He went abroad so as to/in order to look for better chances.
他出国去寻找更好的机会。
?归纳拓展
so as to do sth.在句中作目的状语，常译为“为了”，可以和in order to换用；但in order to可以放在句首，so as to则只能放在句中。他们的否定形式是in order/so as not to do sth.。
?翻译句子
(1)他今天早上起得很早以便赶上早班车。
He_got_up_early_this_morning_so_as_to_catch_the_early_bus.
(2)我来的目的是看看你。
I_came_in_order/so_as_to_see_you.

We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story.我们说，一个好的记者必须有对新闻非常敏感的“嗅觉”。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She has a good nose for an exciting story.
她对精彩故事有敏感的嗅觉。
He has a nose for good news stories.
他善于发现好的新闻素材。
?归纳拓展
lead sb.by the nose完全控制某人，牵着某人的鼻子走
follow one’s nose笔直走；凭本能行事
nose to nose面对面地
turn one’s nose at...对……嗤之以鼻；瞧不起
under one’s nose当着某人的面；就在某人面前(却看不见)
?完成句子
(1)As a writer，she has always had_a_nose_for_good_feeling(捕捉到灵感)．
(2)We should think by ourselves and not_be_led_by_the_nose_by_others(不要让别人牵着鼻子走)．

What should I keep_in_mind？我应该牢记什么呢？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The teachers asked us to keep these sentences in mind.
老师要我们把这些句子记在心里。
Thanks，I’ll bear that in mind.
谢谢，我会记住那件事。
?归纳拓展
bear sth.in mind＝keep sth.in mind
have sth.in mind记得，想到
bring/call sb./sth. to mind使某人想起某人/某物
keep one’s mind on专心于……
?佳句背诵
(1)Bear in mind that young children will put anything in their mouths.
切记，幼童会把任何东西放进他们的嘴里。
(2)I can’t keep my mind on work when it’s so sunny outside.
外面阳光如此明媚，我没法专心工作。
1 His discussion with his new boss,Hu Xin(HX),was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。
?用法点拨
They are to visit the teacher together tomorrow.
他们明天将一起看望老师。
What are we to do next?
我们下一步应该怎么做？
?归纳拓展
be to do
(1)表示将来、主要按计划、命令将要做的事或一种事先的安排。也是将来时的一种表达法。
(2)表示必须或应该，在意义上等于must，should或ought to。
(3)表示可能性。
(4)表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。
(5)表示目的或愿望。在这种结构中，其主语通常是表希望、打算、意愿、目的之类的名词，如hope，wish，aim，goal，purpose，plan，desire等。
(6)were to do用于if从句中，表示对未来的假设。
?佳句背诵
(1)His theory was to change the view on the universe.
他的理论势必要改变人类对宇宙的看法。
(2)Our aim is to catch up with the world’s advanced level at the end of this century.
我们的目的是要在本世纪末赶上世界先进水平。
2 Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?你们有没有过这样的情况，别人控告你的记者，说他（她）们的报道完全失实？
?用法点拨
where引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词case，case意为“情形，状况”。
This is the case where this kind of problem appears easily.
这就是这种问题容易出现的场合。
Today，we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
今天我们将讨论一系列的英语初学者不能恰当使用这门语言的情形。
?归纳拓展
先行词是case，situation，point，position，stage时，其后的定语从句用where或in which。
?翻译句子
(1)Can you tell me a situation where these phrases can be used?
你能告诉我能够用上这些短语的场合吗？
(2)After graduation she reached a point in her career where she need to decide what to do.
毕业后，她的事业达到了一种境地：她需要决定做什么。
我的第一项工作任务
“难以忘怀，”新闻记者说
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。
胡：欢迎你，非常高兴你来参加我们的工作，你来这首先就是当助理记者。有什么问题吗？
周：我可以马上去采访吗？
胡：(笑)真是勇气可嘉！不过恐怕这不太合乎常规，还是等到你比较有经验以后吧。我们先要派你给有经验的记者作助理。以后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访并提交自己的新闻稿。
周：太好了！我需要随身带些什么？我已经带了笔记本和照相机。
胡：不需要照相机！你们将带上一名专业摄影师去拍照。你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。
周：谢谢你。对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。
胡：那很好哇。
周：我出去采访时还需要记住些什么事呢？
胡：你需要有好奇心。你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后才有可能获得你需要知道的信息。我们说，一个好的记者必须有对新闻非常敏锐的“嗅觉”。那就是说，在人们没有说出全部真相时，你必须能够判断出，并努力发现真理。记者必须通过调查研究，来使自己了解到被遗漏的那部分情况。
周：我应该注意些什么呢？
胡：下面是我的行为准则：不要延误任务规定的期限，不可对人粗鲁，不可自己说得太多，务必认真倾听被采访人回答问题。
周：为什么听人家讲话这样重要呢？
胡：你得听清楚事实的细节。同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
周：在我记笔记的同时，怎么能仔细倾听对方的答话呢？
胡：这就是我们职业的诀窍了。如果被采访人允许，你可以使用录音机，录下全部事实。如果有人提出质疑，这也有用，你就有证据来支持自己的报道了。
周：我明白了！你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他们的报道失实？
胡：有的。不过这是很久以前的事了。事情是这样的：一位足球运动员被指控受贿，故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。我们去采访了他。他否认收了钱，但我们对此表示怀疑。于是，我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访，而当我们看到他们在一起时，我们就从足球运动员的体态语上猜到他没有说真话。我们写了一篇文章，暗示足球队员有罪。这事有些为难，因为如果我们错了，他就可以向我们索要赔偿。他竭力阻止我们发表这篇文章，但后来证实我们是正确的。
周：哇！那才是真正的独家新闻哩！我期盼着即将到来的首次任务。说不定我也会搞到独家新闻呢！
胡：也许你会的，谁知道呢。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They will be here soon.Meanwhile let’s have coffee.
2．It’s three years since he left home.He is eager to get back to his hometown.
3．He has made a big fortune because he knows all the tricks of the trade.
4．He is supposed to be here in about an hour.
5．There were many gifted poets in the Tang Dynasty(唐朝)．
6．I managed to acquire(获得)two tickets for the concert.
7．These workers will receive technical(技术)training before they take the job.
8．He said it deliberately(故意地)to get me angry.
Ⅱ.短语填空
accuse of,be supposed to,concentrate on,so as to,look forward to,depend on,in case of,make sure?
1．My grandfather had been looking_forward_to leaving the hospital for a holiday by the seaside.
2．The doctor advised me to do more exercise so_as_to lose weight.
3．Everything depends_on whether we have enough money.
4．Make_sure all the lights are turned off before leaving the lab.
5．He is_supposed_to have finished his homework now.
6．She has_concentrated_on her studies for a long time since her mother left.
7．The wall was built along the river in_case_of floods.
8．Word came that the manager had_been_accused_of bribing the president.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．You needn’t go to the theatre as soon as you finish your supper tomorrow evening.
There is no need for you to go to the theatre as soon as you finish your supper tomorrow evening.
2．The worker hurried through his work in order to go home to watch the football match.
The worker hurried through his work so as to go home to watch the football match.
3．It is proved that the theory you stick to is wrong.
The theory you stick to proves wrong.
4．I learned the reason why the Smiths wanted so much to have Charles sentenced to death.
I learned why the Smiths were so eager that Charles should be sentenced to death.
5．How do you like buying a new dictionary for your daughter?
What about buying a new dictionary for your daughter?
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．You can depend_on_him(依靠他)to help you with English.
2．We must concentrate_our_efforts_on(致力于)improving education.
3．Yao Ming is a professional_player(专业运动员)．
4．He stole the famous painting，so he is_guilty(有罪的)．
5．She broke_the_window_deliberately(故意打破了窗户)，which made me angry.
6．Mother went shopping.Meanwhile_I_cleaned_the_house(与此同时我打扫房子)．
Ⅴ.单项填空
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．Many reporters hurried to________the accident after the famous actor’s death.
A．write B．see
C．discover D．cover
答案　D
解析　cover (v.)对……进行新闻采访，报道。
2．People in developed countries are supposed________more healthy food before than what they have today.
A．to be had B．to have
C．had D．to have had
答案　D
解析　be supposed to have done sth.本应该……。句意为：发达国家的人们从前本应该拥有比他们现在多的健康食品。
3．He kept silent over the matter________lose his job.
A．so as to not B．in order not
C．so as not to D．in order to not
答案　C
解析　目的状语的否定式应该是in order/so as not to do sth.。
4．If you want to start your own car business，you should ask his advice.He knows all________.
A．things of cars B．car businessmen
C car sellers D．the tricks of the trade
答案　D
解析　tricks of the trade经商的窍门(秘诀)。
5．—Do you believe what they reported in yesterday’s newspaper?
—No.I think they________.
A．told the public the truth
B．got the wrong end of the stick
C．made few mistakes in their report
D．should not report the truth
答案　B
解析　句意为：——你相信昨天报纸上报道的东西吗？
——不。我认为他们混淆了事实。get the wrong end of the stick混淆事实，完全误解。
6．Jim went to answer the phone.________Peter started to prepare lunch.
A．But B．Meanwhile C．However D．That
答案　B
解析　句意为：吉姆去接电话，与此同时彼得开始做午饭。meanwhile与此同时。
7．They took along with an umbrella，just________.
A．for fun B．by mistake
C．in case D．with care
答案　C
解析　句意为：他们随身带着伞只是为了以防万一。in case以防万一。
8．The police may accuse you________a crime or wrong doings.
A．for B．with C．by D．of
答案　D
解析　accuse sb. of sth.因……指责或控告某人。
9．This book is rather difficult，because it is designed for________.
A colleagues B．professionals
C．amateurs D．editors
答案　B
解析　professional专业人员，专家。
10．Why not phone your parents？They must be________about you.
A．eager B．guilty
C．anxious D．missing
答案　C
解析　be anxious about担心，忧虑。
Ⅵ.完形填空
As a physician who travels quite a lot，I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board？”announcement.I’ve been __1__only once—for a woman who had merely fainted.But the __2__made me quite curious about how __3__this kind of thing happens.I wondered what I would do if __4__with a real mid-air medical emergency—without access__5__a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.So__6__the New England Journal of Medicine last week__7__a study about in-flight medical events，I__8__it with interest.
The study estimated that there are a(n)__9__of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U．S.flights every day.Most of them are not __10__；fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints.__11__13% of them—roughly four a day—are serious enough to__12__a pilot to change course.The most common of the serious emergencies__13__heart trouble，strokes，and difficult breathing.
Let’s face it：plane rides are __14__.For starters，cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly__15__they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level.Most people can tolerare these pressures pretty __16__，but passengers with heart disease__17__experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.__18__common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(血栓)—the so-called economy class syndrome(综合症)．__19__happens，don’t panic.Things are getting better on the in-flight emergency front.Thanks to more recent legislation(立法)，flights with at__20__one attendant are starting to install emergency medical equipment to treat heart attacks.
1．A called B．informed
C．addressed D．surveyed
答案　A
解析　考查动词。call呼唤；召唤。句意为：我只有一次被请求提供援助——为一位晕过去的女士。
2．A. accident B．incident
C condition D．disaster
答案　A
解析　考查名词。accident [C]可以表示车、船、飞机失事等大型事故，也可表示其他非人为的意外受伤，或意外的产物。incident [C]多表示非同寻常的，重大的事件，或暴力事件。disaster [C&U]指暴雨，洪水等自然灾害或其他造成重大财产损失或人员伤亡的灾难性事故。女乘客晕机这件事，显然应为比较平常的accident。
3．A. soon B．many C．long D．often
答案　D
解析　考查副词。how soon多快；how long多长；how many多少；how often多大概率；多频繁。根据作者下文的描述不难发现，他是想了解这种事情发生的概率。
4．A .met B．identified
C．treated D．provided
答案　A
解析　考查动词。本题中if met with a real mid-air medical emergency...是if I were met with a real mid-air medical emergency的省略。be met with表示“遭遇；遇到”。treat sb. with sth.表示“用某物应付或用某药治疗某人”；identify sb. with sth.表示“认为某人与某事联系紧密”；provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”。句意为：如果我在飞机上遇到真正需要医疗救助的紧急情况，我将怎么办。
5．A. for B．by C．to D．through
答案　C
解析　考查介词。access在这里表示“接近；使用；获得”为不可数名词，常与介词to搭配。without access to表示“无法接触到；无法使用”。
6．A. before B．when
C．since D．while
答案　B
解析　考查副词。when，while都表示“当……的时候”，但when既可表示一段时间，又可以表示一个时间点；而while则只用于表示一段时间。句意为：当上周《新英格兰医学杂志》发布一份关于空中医疗事件的研究报告时，……。显然，此处的时间是一个时间点，B项为正确答案。
7．A collected B．discovered
C conducted D．published
答案　D
解析　考查动词。a study about in-flight medical events是关于空中医疗事件的研究报告，应与publish vt.搭配，即“发布研究报告 ”。collect vt.搜集，采集；discover vt.发现；conduct vt. & vi.引导，带领；管理，指挥。
8．A consulted B．read
C consumed D．considered
答案　B
解析　考查动词。I read it with interest表示“我怀着兴趣读完了它。”consult vt.&vi.与某人商量，向某人请教，参考；consume vt. 消耗，花尽，消费；consider vt.考虑，把……看作，认为。
9．A. amount B．sum
C．average D．number
答案　C
解析　考查名词。an average of...……的平均数。本句意为：这份研究报告估计在美国飞机上平均每天有30起医疗事件。an (large，small) amount of (大，少)量的，用于修饰不可数名词；a (large，small) sum of(大，小)数目的，多用于修饰钱；a number of一些，修饰可数名词。比较以上选项的意义，不难看出C项为最佳答案。
10．A. significant B．common
C．heavy D．serious
答案　D
解析　考查形容词。根据下文的“13% of them—roughly four a day—are serious”知，大部分都是not serious。
11．A. For B．But C．And D．So
答案　B
解析　考查连词。根据上下文的逻辑关系不难看出，此处应为转折。
12．A. require B．engage
C．inspire D．command
答案　A
解析　考查动词。require vt.需要，(法律)要求；engage vt.从事；占用；订婚；inspire vt.激发，激励，使产生灵感；command vt.指挥，命令。本句中动作的逻辑主语是“严重的医疗事件”，因此不可能command a pilot to change course(命令飞行员改变航线)，engage与inspire意思不符，故A项为正确选项。
13．A. include B．imply
C confine D．contain
答案　A
解析　考查动词。句意为：最严重的紧急情况包括心脏病，中风，呼吸困难。只有A项符合题意。imply vt.暗示；必然包含；confine vt.限制，使局限；contain vt.包含，容纳。本题中contain具有较强的干扰性，事实上contain通常表示某物中包含某种成分，通常是与其他成分融为一体，难以分割。include指包括相当独立的部分。本题中所指的几种疾病就是紧急情况的一部分，而且各疾病也是相对独立的，所以用include。
14．A .enjoyable B．favorable
C．peaceful D．stressful
答案　D
解析　考查形容词。根据文章可知，在飞机上可能会出现很多医疗事件，人们可能会感到头晕，甚至突发心脏病，所以飞机旅游应当是stressful(令人紧张的，有压力的)。enjoyable快乐的，有乐趣的；favorable讨人喜爱的，顺利的；peaceful平静的，和平的。
15．A.who B．which C．what D．that
答案　C
解析　考查疑问代词。what they would be为what引导的名词性从句，在句中作at的宾语，同时what在从句中作表语。本句意为：飞机起飞时，机舱设定的压力约相当于海拔5 000～8 000英尺的压力。
16．A. mentally B．easily
C．neatly D．naturally
答案　B
解析　考查副词。根据常识及文中but后的内容可知，一般人能够轻松地承受，故B项为正确答案。mentally精神上地，智力上地；neatly整洁地；干净地；naturally天生地，天然地。
17．A. ought to B．used to
C．may D．need
答案　C
解析　考查情态动词。may在本句中表示可能性。ought to应当；used to过去常常；need需要。
18．A. Any B．Other
C．One D．Another
答案　D
解析　考查代词。上文已提到了一个问题，即有心脏病的人可能会因为血液中的氧气减少而感到胸闷。此处又提到了另一个常见的问题，所以用another。
19．A. Whatever B．Whenever
C．Whichever D．Wherever
答案　A
解析　考查代词。whatever在此处相当于no matter what引导让步状语从句。本句意为：不管发生什么，都不要恐慌。此处happen需要一个主语，而几个选项中，只有A项whatever可以作其主语。
20．A. most B．least C．worst D．best
答案　B
解析　考查形容词。at least至少；at most至多；at worst最坏(的可能)；at best充其量，最好。结合本句不难看出，此处应用least。本句意为：由于最近更多的立法，至少有一名护理人员的航班开始安装急救医疗设备来治疗心脏病。
　Unit 5　First aid
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
First_aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的病人给予的临时救助。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
They aided the poor country with money.
他们用钱帮助那些贫困村。
He aided me in business.
他在事业上帮助我。
?归纳拓展
aid sb.帮助某人
aid sb. in sth.在某方面帮助某人
aid sb. with sth.以某物帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事
in aid of支持；为……筹借
?完成句子
(1)We should be able to read English articles without_the_aid_of_a_dictionary(不借助词典的帮助)．
(2)When he got hurt，we immediately gave_him_first_aid(对他实施急救)．
2
Often the illness or injury is not serious，...通常这种病或受伤并不严重，……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He injured his knee playing hockey.
他打曲棍球时膝盖受了伤。
What you said was an injury to her fame.
你说的话损害了她的名声。
?归纳拓展
injure v．受伤，损害
injured adj.受伤的
injurer n．伤害者，施害者
?翻译句子
(1)Nine people died and fifty-four were injured in the accident.
在这次事故中，9人死亡，54人受伤。
(2)All the passengers in the vehicle escaped injury.
这辆车上的乘客均未受伤。
3
bleeding在流血(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.
从前医生常常给病人放血。
If you cut your finger，it will bleed.
如果你割破手指，它会流血。
?归纳拓展
bleed for 为……流血；为……深感悲痛
bleed to death流血过多而死
blood n．血液
demand blood for blood要求以血还血
be of the same blood是同一家族的
?完成句子
(1)Our hearts bleed_for(为……悲伤)the homeless people during this cold winter.
(2)He lay on the floor bleeding_profusely(鲜血直流)．
4
You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease，poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.你有三层皮肤充当屏障，使你免遭疾病、毒药和有害光线的侵害。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
This kind of mushroom contains a deadly poison.
这种蘑菇含剧毒。
He was suspected of poisoning his wife.
他被怀疑毒死了自己的妻子。
?归纳拓展
poison n．可作可数名词和不可数名词，意为“毒药；毒害”，其比喻意义为“毒害，弊害”。
poisonous adj.有毒的
?完成句子
(1)He tried to kill himself by_taking_poison(服毒)．
(2)Envy of his friend’s success poisoned_his_mind(使他产生邪念)．
5
Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes，or severe petrol fires.例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
It’s so hot today，and the electric fan isn’t working.
今天天很热，况且电扇也不能用。
The electricity was cut off for several days.
电源被切断了好几天。
?归纳拓展
electricity n．电流，电荷；电
electrical adj.电力的，电动的，与电力有关的
electrician 电工；电气技师；电学家
electrify vt.使通电，使充电，使电气化
electronic adj.电子的
?完成句子
(1)There are some electrical_books(有关电的书)on the desk.
(2)His father works as an electrician(电工)in the factory.
6
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan，stove or iron for a moment.例子包括轻微的晒伤，或者由于短暂的接触热锅、电炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The patient has a mild fever.那个病人有些轻微的发烧。
He has a mild nature.他的性格温和。
?归纳拓展
mild adj.(烟、酒等)味淡的；温和的，温柔的，文雅的
a mild winter不太冷的冬天
a mild drug平和的药物
a mild man性情温和的男人
a mild cigar淡味的雪茄
mildly adv.柔和地，和善地；谨慎地
mildness n．温和，温暖
?佳句背诵
(1)The cheese is very mild.
这种奶酪味道清淡。
(2)The sentence was mild.
刑判得很轻。
7
You can get burned by a_variety_of things：...你可能被各种各样的东西烧伤：……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
We all need variety in our diet.
我们都需要饮食多样化。
An apple is a variety of fruit.
苹果是一种水果。
?归纳拓展
a variety of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数
the variety of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数
various adj.各种各样的，不同的，种种的
variously adv.各种各样地，不同地
vary v．改变；使多样化
varied adj.多变化的；各种各样的，不同的
?翻译句子
(1)他们的爱好五花八门。
Their_hobbies_are_many_and_various.
(2)物价随季节而变动。
Prices_vary_with_the_seasons.
8
Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin.萨姆把水疱弄破把从冰箱里弄出来的冰水倒在上面。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Tears were pouring down her face.
泪水哗哗地沿着她的脸颊流淌下来。
Sit down and I’ll pour you a drink.
坐下来，我去给你倒杯饮料。
?归纳拓展
pour sth. into...把……倒进……
pour cold water on sth.给(某事)泼冷水
pour down倾盆而下
pour out倒出；倾诉，倾吐
?完成句子
(1)Her parents poured_cold_water_on_her_plan(对她的这个计划泼冷水)．
(2)She began pouring_out_her_fears_about_the_future(倾吐她对未来的恐惧)．
9
For second degree burns，...，squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over_and_over_again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.对于二度烧伤，……，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He read the poem over and over again till he could recite it.
他一遍又一遍地朗读那首诗，直到他会背为止。
I’ve point it out to you over and over again.
我已经一遍又一遍地给你指出了。
?归纳拓展
(all) over again再次；重新
over and over一再地，反复地
again and again反复地；再三
once again再次
time and again多次；一再地
time after time多次；不断地
?完成句子
(1)I’ve warned him over_and_over_again(一再，再三)not to do that.
(2)Read it once_again(再次)．

Hold the bandage in_place with tape.用胶布把绷带固定好。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I like to have everything in place.
我喜欢东西都摆得井井有条。
I hope you left all the books in the library in place.
我希望你把图书馆的书都放在适当的地方。
?归纳拓展
a place in the sun好的境遇
from place to place从一处到另一处，处处
give place to...让位于……
in place of代替
out of place不适合，不恰当
places of interest名胜
?完成句子
(1)He has a good habit of keeping_all_the_things_in_place(使东西井井有条)．
(2)He felt very out_of_place(格格不入)among them.

...，squeezing them out and placing them on...拧出水后再放在……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
You should squeeze out some time to visit your old friend.
你应该挤出点时间去拜访你的老朋友。
The boss squeezed out the last drop of blood of the worker.
老板榨干了工人身上的最后一滴血。
?归纳拓展
squeeze...out of压出，挤出；榨取
squeeze sth. out of sb.强迫(某人)说出
?完成句子
(1)The child tried his best to squeeze_the_juice_out_of_an_apple(榨出苹果汁)．
(2)We tried our best to squeeze_the_truth_out_of_him(强迫他说出真相)．

First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls_ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予的临时救助。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The moment he returned to the city，he fell ill.
他一回到这个城市就生病了。
Shortly before Christmas she fell ill.
圣诞节前不久她生病了。
?归纳拓展
fall在这里是系动词，在短语中意为“变得，变成”
fall asleep入睡
fall silent沉默
?翻译句子
(1)读着书的时候他睡着了。
When_reading_a_book，he_fell_asleep.
(2)他们突然沉默了。
They_suddenly_fell_silent.
1So as you can imagine,if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.因此，你可以想像到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
?用法点拨
can be very serious意为“有时候会很严重”。在can be＋adj.结构中can意为“有时候会……，可能会……”。
Going on a trip to a faraway destination can be expensive and difficult.
到遥远的目的地旅行有时候会花很多钱而且会有困难。
The climate of East China can be pretty hot in winter.
华东地区冬天的气候有时候会相当热。
?佳句背诵
(1)Experienced travellers may prefer to make their own arrangements，but the advice of a travel agent can be helpful.
有经验的旅行者可能更喜欢自己做出安排，但旅行社的建议有时候是有帮助的。
(2)Even minor head injury can be serious.
头部既使受轻伤也可能很严重。
2It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。
?用法点拨
在这类结构中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
It’s hard to get along with him.和他相处很难。
It’s a pleasure to chat with you.
跟你在一起聊天是件高兴的事。
?归纳拓展
常用类似结构的还有：
It is/seems/feels＋adj.＋to do sth.
It’s＋n.＋to do sth.
It＋动词短语＋to do sth.
?佳句背诵
(1)It seems impossible to cure the disease at present.
目前治愈这种疾病好像不可能。
(2)It’s an honor to be invited to speak here.
应邀在这儿讲话是件荣幸的事。
(3)It makes great sense to plant trees on the hill.
在山上种树是件有意义的事。
烧伤的急救
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象的到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。
烧伤的原因：
你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射(由于靠近高温或大火等)，阳光、电和化学物品。
烧伤的种类：
烧伤有三类：根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这类烧伤属于严重性的，需数星期才能痊愈。例如，严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烫伤。
三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。
烧伤的特性：
一度烧伤：干燥、发红、微肿
微痛
受压时变白
二度烧伤：粗糙、发红、肿胀
起水泡
三度烧伤：表层渗液
极其疼痛
黑、白和焦炭色相间
肿胀，可看到皮下组织
若损坏了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，
或者在创面四周有痛感
急救处理：
1．除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉(必要时可用剪刀帮助)。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2．马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。(凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼痛，还可以减轻肿胀程度)。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。
3．对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉干净的温布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4．轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
5．用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定，千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6．如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7．如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The driver of the car received serious injuries(伤害，受伤)to the legs and arms.
2．My finger is bleeding(流血，出血)．
3．I think good beginning is essential(必要的)to our plans.
4．Are all the children being poisoned(中毒)by lead in the atmosphere?
5．The heart and the brain are the most important organs.
6．The child has only a mild fever and doesn’t need to see a doctor.
7．After squeezing the water out of the shirt，she hung it in the sun.
8．Cough is an obvious symptom of cold.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in place,over and over again,fall ill,squeeze out,give first aid,stick to,take off,depend on
1．You’d better put things back in_place.Otherwise，it will be difficult to find out.
2．Every one of us should learn some basic knowledge of give_first_aid，in case of emergencies.
3．He didn’t come to school yesterday，because he fell_ill.
4．The mother was squeezing the juice out of a lemon(柠檬) to feed her baby.
5．After the doctor rubbed his leg over_and_over_again，he felt it less painful.
6．He got burnt so badly that his clothes stuck_to his skin.
7．Take_off your clothes if the burns don’t stick to your skin.
8．Whether we can go out depends_on the weather.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．He sang the song again and again.
He sang the song over and over again.
2．Please put the books in the right place where they should be.
Please put the books in place.
3．I’ll come to see you if it is possible.
I’ll come to see you if possible.
4．My mother doesn’t allow me to go out.
My mother prevents me from going out.
5．Putting this sentence into English is not easy.
It’s not easy to put this sentence into English.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Our teacher told us to say the word in English over_and_over_again(反复)．
2．Unless_he_makes_an_apology(除非他道歉)，I’ll refuse to come.
3．We must protect our children from(保护……免于)diseases.
4．Though he was easy to_be_infected_by_SARS(感染上非典病毒)at the hospital，he went on working.
5．Thanks_to_your_aid(多亏了你的帮助)，I managed to run the company.
6．You know that visitors are_not_allowed_to_touch_the_exhibits(不能触摸展品)．
Ⅴ.单项填空
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The girl is badly injured.You’d better________first aid to her before taking her to hospital.
A．make B．do C．take D．afford
答案　B
解析　句意为：这个女孩受伤很重，你最好送她去医院前对她实施急救。do/give/offer first aid to sb.对……实施急救。
2．I tried to________her down but she was still very angry when she left.
A．heat B．hot C cool D．cold
答案　C
解析　句意为：我试图让她冷静下来，但是她离开时仍然非常生气。cool/sb. down使某人冷静下来，其它词没有这层意思，故选C项。
3．You didn’t have to take the medicine，but your head may________less if you do so.
A．hurt B．be hurt C．injure D．be injured
答案　A
解析　句意为：你不必吃药，但是如果你吃的话，你的头痛可能减轻。hurt感到疼痛，而injure是“受伤”的意思。
4．Be careful when you cross the very busy street.If not，you may________run over by a car.
A．have B．get C．become D．turn
答案　B
解析　句意为：你过马路时当心，否则的话可能会被车辗过。get＋过去分词可以表示“遭遇，遭受(意想不到的事情)”，故选B项。
5．John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his Eyes
________________________________________________________________________.
A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening
答案　A
解析　句意为：约翰太困了，几乎都睁不开眼了。keep one’s eyes open睁着眼，故选A项。
6．________in the traffic accident________taken to hospital.
A．An injuries；was B．The injured；was
C．The injuring；were D．The injured；have been
答案　D
解析　句意为：交通事故中的伤者已经被送往医院了。the＋adj.构成一类人，谓语动词用复数，故选D项。
7．He smelt something________when he went into the kitchen.
A．burning B．burnt C．to burn D．burn
答案　A
解析　句意为；当他走进厨房时闻到有东西烧焦了。smell something burning闻到……烧焦了。
8．She________last week and I________her ever since.
A．fell ill；looked after
B．fell ill；have been looking after
C．fell ill；looked after
D．have fallen ill；have been looking after
答案　B
解析　本题考查时态，第一个空由于有last week，故用fell ill；第二个空ever since自那以来，经常和完成时态连用，故选B项。
9．As we all know，the________blanket is a great help in cold weather.
A．electric B．electrical C．electronic D．electricity
答案　A
解析　electric用电的，电动的；electric blanket电热毯；electrical表示与电力的生产与使用有关的，如an electrical fault电力故障，an electrical engineer电力工程师；electronic电子的，电子器件的，故选A项。
10．We’d better go and get some firewood________it gets dark.
A．after B．when C．until D．before
答案　D
解析　句意为：天黑之前，我们最好去弄些柴火。before在……之前。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Lang Lang is a world-class young pianist who grew up in Shenyang.He went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight.“You need__1__，”his father said.“But if you don’t work hard，no fortune will come.”
What made him sad was__2__his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him.“You have no talent(天赋)．You will never be a pianist.”__3__a nine-year-old boy，Lang Lang was badly__4__.He decided that he didn’t want to be a __5__any more.For the next two weeks，he didn’t touch the piano.__6__，his father didn’t push，but waited.
Luckily，the day came when his teacher asked him to__7__some holiday songs.He didn’t want to，but as he placed his fingers on the piano keys，he__8__that he could show others that he had talent__9__.That day he told his father __10__he had been waiting to hear—that he wanted to study with a new teacher.__11__that point on，everything turned around.
He started__12__competitions(比赛)．In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition，when it was__13__that Lang Lang had won，he was too__14__to hold back his tears.Soon__15__was clear that he couldn’t stay in China forever—he had to play on the world’s big__16__ .In 1997 Lang Lang __17__again，this time to Philadelphia，U.S..There he spent two years practising，and by 1999 he had worked hard enough for fortune to take over.After his__18__performance at Chicago’s Ravinia Festival，gigs(特邀演出)in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started__19__ in.Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots (发现) him，and lets him__20__.
1．A. exercise B．fortune
C．knowledge D．wealth
答案　B
解析　由下句：“如果你不努力，运气就不会到来。”可知父亲说的是Lang Lang需要“运气”。
2．A. whether B．why
C．when D．that
答案　D
解析　that引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，又是指确定的内容。
3．A. Like B．With
C．To D．As
答案　D
解析　as在此用作介词，意为“作为”。
4．A. hurt B．weakened
C．ruined D．frightened
答案　A
解析　老师的话让Lang Lang受到了极大的伤害。hurt指“感情上的伤害”。
5．A. singer B．pianist
C conductor D．player
答案　B
解析　句意为“他决定再也不想成为一名钢琴家了。”
6．A. Hopefully B．Patiently
C．Wisely D．Painfully
答案　C
解析　由“父亲没有催迫他，而是等待”，可知这位父亲的做法是明智的。wisely明智地，英明地。
7．A. play B．sing
C．write D．study
答案　A
解析　由后文的“but as he placed his fingers on the piano keys，”可知8空所在的句子的意思是：“幸运的是，老师让Lang Lang弹奏一些假日歌曲的一天来了。”
8．A. seemed B．admitted C．noticed D．realized
答案　D
解析　当他把手指放在琴键上时才意识到(realized)他能向别人展示他有这种天赋。
9．A .in all B．above all C．after all D．at all
答案　C
解析　in all总共；above all首要的是；after all毕竟；终归；at all全然；根本。由句意知选C。
10．A. that B．what C．which D．when
答案　B
解析　what引导宾语从句，在句中作hear的宾语，指“听到的内容”。
11．A .From B．At C．Since D．After
答案　A
解析　from...on从……起，为固定表达。
12．A. receiving B．accepting C．winning D．beating
答案　C
解析　上文提到“一切发生了转折”，这里自然是指“开始赢得比赛”。
13．A. told B．mentioned C．announced D．recognized
答案　C
解析　此空所在的句子意为“……，当宣布Lang Lang获胜时，……”。It was announced that..据宣布……。
14．A. excited B．encouraged C．shocked D．satisfied
答案　A
解析　在国际比赛上获奖，那自然是excited激动的，兴奋的。
15．A. this B．it C．that D．what
答案　B
解析　it在句中充当形式主语。
16．A concerts B．tours C competitions D．stages
答案　D
解析　on the world’s big stages在世界大舞台上。competition应与介词in连用。
17．A. started B．left C．moved D．performed
答案　C
解析　move to...搬到，移到，此处指去美国费城演出。
18．A. successful B．cheerful C．respectful D．meaningful
答案　A
解析　只有演出“成功(successful)”才有后面的特邀演出。
19．A. pulling B．breaking C．falling D．pouring
答案　D
解析　特邀在Lincoln Center和Carnegie Hall的演出开始不断涌来。pour涌进。
20．A. brighten B．shine
C．admire D．develop
答案　B
解析　是Lang Lang的努力使得运气找上门来，让他发出耀眼的光芒。shine意为“表现突出，耀眼”。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Unit 1　Art
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.艺术受一个民族的风俗和信仰的影响．(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Her friend’s kindness has restored her faith in human nature.
她朋友的善意使她恢复了对人性的信心。
Do you have any faith in what he says?
你相信他的话吗？
?归纳拓展
have faith in...相信……，信赖……
lose faith in...对……失去信心
faithful adj. 忠诚的，忠心的
faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地
?完成句子
(1)得知你对我如此信赖，我很高兴。
I’m delighted to know you have_such_faith_in me.
(2)我再也不相信那个家伙了。
I have_lost_faith_in that fellow.
2
Consequently，this text will describe only the most important ones，starting from the sixth century AD.因此，本文只谈从公元6世纪以来少数最重要的艺术风格。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
consequently在句子中作状语修饰整个句子。
I have never been to China.Consequently，I know very little about it.
我从未到过中国，所以，我对中国了解甚少。
They’ve increased the number of staff and consequently the service is better.
他们增加了职员，因此服务更好了。
?归纳拓展
consequence n．结果，后果
as a consequence of...＝as a result of...因为……
consequent adj.随之发生的；由此引起的
?翻译句子
(1)银行拒绝给该公司更多的贷款；结果，公司倒闭了。
The_bank_refused_to_give_the_company_more_loans.Consequently，it_went_bankrupt.
(2)那天下雨，结果篮球赛被取消了。
It_rained_that_day，and_consequently_the_basketball_game_was_called_off.
3
During the Middle Ages，the_main_aim_of painters was to represent religious themes.在中世纪，画家的主要目的是体现宗教主题。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
(1)[U]瞄准，对准；[C]目标，目的；企图
The main aim of the course is to improve students’writng skill.
这门课的主要目的是提高学生的写作技能。
The hunter took aim at the lion.猎人瞄准了狮子。
(2)v. 瞄准，对准；打算，企图
He aimed his gun at the enemy.
他把枪瞄准敌人
The project aims to provide an outlet for children’s creativity.
该项目试图为孩子们的创造性提供一个表现场所。
?归纳拓展
achieve one’s aim达到目的
take aim at...向……瞄准
without aim漫无目的地
with the aim of...以……为目标，意在……
aim to do sth.打算做……
be aimed at (doing)sth.(计划或想法)旨在……；目的在于……
?完成句子
(1)射手瞄准红色的目标开火并将其击中。
The shooter aimed_at_the_red_aim and fired and hit it.
(2)这本书的对象是幼童。
The book is_aimed_at very young children.
(3)做一件事之前，你应该有明确的目标。
You should have_a_clear_aim before doing a thing.
4
A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols，which created a feeling of respect and love for God.这一时期具有代表性的画充满着宗教色彩，体现了对上帝敬重和爱戴的情感。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The view is fairly typical of people of his generation.
这种观点在他这代人中相当普遍。
He’s followed a fairly typical career in teaching.
他一直从事相当有代表性的教师职业。
?归纳拓展
fairly typical相当典型的；相当有代表性的
be typical of sb./sth.在……中有代表性
typically adv.通常，一般；典型地，有代表性地；不出所料地
typify v．是……的典型
?完成句子
(1)这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。
This picture is fairly_typical_of his early works.
(2)不出所料，伊莱恩迟到了半个小时
Typically，Elaine was half an hour late.
(3)他们有典型的英国生活方式。
They have a typically English lifestyle.
5
But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.很显然，在13世纪时一些观点在发生变化，像乔托·迪·邦多纳这样的画家们开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Her lack of interest in the job was becoming increasingly evident.
她对工作缺乏兴趣，这变得越来越明显。
It is evident that there will be some job losses.
很显然，将会有一些人失业。
?归纳拓展
evidently adv.
evidence n. [U]证据；迹象
It is (quite)evident that...(很)显然……
?翻译句子
(1)显然已经出了差错。
It’s_evident_that_a_mistake_has_been_made.
(2)有一些迹象表明经济正在改善。
There_is_some_evidence_that_the_economy_is_improving.
6
People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.人们开始淡化宗教主题，并且采纳更人性化的人生态度。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
(1)采用，采纳，采取
He decided to adopt a more radical approach to the problem.
他决定采取更激进的方法来解决这个问题。
When questioned，he adopted a very aggressive attitude.
他在被盘问时采取了一副气势汹汹的态度。
(2)收养，领养
Having no children of their own，they decided to adopt an orphan.
由于没有自己的孩子，他们决定收养一个孤儿。
He was 18 when he found out he had been adopted.
他18岁时发现自己是被领养的。
?归纳拓展
adoption [C/U]收养，领养；[U]采用，采纳
adoptive adj.收养的，有收养关系的
adopted adj.被收养的
?佳句背诵
(1)我们将鼓励更广泛地采用这种策略来控制污染。
We will encourage a wider adoption of this strategy for pollution control.
(2)她选择在日本安家。
She has adopted Japan as her home.
(3)这个被收养的孩子对他的养父母很尊重。
The adopted boy shows great respect for his adoptive parents.
7
Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings，so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses.富人们想拥有他们自己的画，以便能装饰他们华丽的宫殿和豪宅。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
They were all found guilty of illegally possessing firearms.
他们全部被判犯有非法持枪罪。
All these drugs possess sedative properties.
所有这些药都有镇静作用。
What on earth possessed you to do such a thing?
究竟是什么驱使你做了这样的事？
?归纳拓展
possession (n. [C]常用复数)所有物，财产；[U]拥有，占有
be in possession of...拥有某物，掌握某物
in one’s possession 为某人所拥有
take possession of...接手；开始拥有……
have possession of...拥有(指买来或从别处拿出来)
?完成句子
(1)凯特是个具有非凡才智的女人。
Kate is a woman who possesses a rare intelligence.
(2)我掌握了一些在我看来你会感兴趣的消息。
I am_in_possession_of some information that I think will interest you.
8
On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt_to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，...一方面，一些现代艺术作品是抽象的；也就是说，画家并不想把物体画得像我们亲眼所见的那样，……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
(1)v.试图，企图，尝试
I attempted to speak，but was told to be quiet.
我试图发言，但是被告诫保持安静。
The prisoner attempted an escape，but failed.
囚犯企图逃跑，但失败了。
(2)n. [C，U]企图，试图，尝试
I passed the driving test at the first attempt.
我考驾驶执照时一次就通过了。
His father made a successful attempt to swim across the English Channel.
他父亲横渡英吉利海峡的努力成功了。
?归纳拓展
attempt 试图做某事
make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事
give up an attempt放弃尝试
attempted adj.未遂的
attempted murder谋杀未遂
?完成句子
(1)这本书试图阐述这场战争的起源。
The book attempts_to_explain the origins of the war.
(2)政府没做任何努力来避免危机。
The government has_made_no_attempt to avert the crisis.
9
Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future？谁又能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格呢？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
They are predicting heavy rain for tomorrow.
他们预报明天会下大雨。
Industry leaders predict that another 8,000 jobs could be lost by the end of the year.
工业领袖们预测，到年底还会有8 000人失业。
?归纳拓展
predict 预报……；预测……
prediction n．预言，预计
predictor n．预报性的事物；预言者
predictable adj.可预料的；可预测的
?翻译句子
(1)经济学家预言通贷膨胀率将会上升。
The_economists_predicted_an_increase_in_the_rate_of_inflation.
(2)很难预料这次地震会有什么长期影响。
It’s_difficult_to_predict_what_the_long-term_effect_of_the_earthquake_will_be.

By_coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.油画也很巧合地在这一时期得到了发展，使绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
By coincidence，I met the person we’d been discussing the next day.
巧合的是，我在第二天就遇见了我们一直在谈论的那个人。
It was rather a coincidence that she appeared at that exact moment.
她正好在那个时候出现真是巧合。
?归纳拓展
coincidence n. [C/U](令人吃惊的)巧合；巧事
a strange/remarkable coincidence奇怪的/不寻常的巧合
no coincidence 并非巧合
coincidental adj.巧合的，碰巧的
?完成句子
(1)很巧，他的任教合同到期与他第一本书的出版几乎是在同一时间。
By_coincidence，his teaching contract finished at about the same time his first book was published.
(2)巧得出奇，我们正好坐同一列火车。
By_a_strange_coincidence，we happened to be travelling on the same train.

In the late 19th century，Europe changed a_great_deal，from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.19世纪晚期，欧洲变化很大，从一个以农业为主的社会转变为一个以工业为主的社会。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
a great deal 副词短语，修饰动词，形容词或副词
My experience as an exchange student in Japan taught me a great deal.
在日本做交换生的经历使我学到了很多东西。
The sun is a great deal nearer to us than other stars.
太阳比其他恒星离我们近得多。
?归纳拓展
a great deal of...许多，大量，修饰不可数名词。
A great deal of their work is unpaid.
他们的很多工作都是没报酬的。
“许多”的表示法：
(1)many a/an...；a great/good many; quite a few；a (good/large)number of；scores of；many...其后接可数名词；
(2)a good/great deal of；a large amount of；amounts of；a little；much...其后接不可数名词；
(3)a lot of；lots of；plenty of；a large quantity of...其后既可接可数名词，又可接不可数名词。
?翻译句子
(1)已经作了大量的研究。
A_great_deal_of_research_has_been_done_already.
(2)她在这个项目上花了大量的时间。
She_spent_a_good_deal_of_time_on_the_project.

Among the painters who broke_away_from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The criminal broke away from the two policemen who were holding him.
罪犯从抓着他的两个警察手中逃跑了。
Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the Union.
林肯说南方从联邦脱离出去是不对的。
?归纳拓展
break down分解；垮掉；打破
break into闯入；打断(话题)
break out(战争等)爆发
break through突围，突破
break up分解；驱散(人群)
?完成句子
(1)你必须改掉这样一些坏习惯。
You must break_away_form such bad habits.
(2)有一个省脱离了旧政府而另组新政府。
A province has_broken_away to form a new state.

Naturally，these changes also led_to new painting styles. 自然地，这些变化也导致了绘画风格的变化。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He led us to his home.他把我们带到他家。
The path leads to the village.这条小路通往那个村庄。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
What led you to that conclusion?
是什么使你得出那个结论的？
Laziness led to his failure.懒惰导致了他的失败。
?归纳拓展
lead sb. to sth. 引导某人……
lead a/an...life 过……的生活
lead sb. to sp. 领某人到某地
lead sb. to do sth. 引导某人去做某事
?完成句子
(1)这条街可以通往花园。
This street will lead you to the garden.
(2)是什么使你相信我不感兴趣？
What led you to__believe I was not interested?
1
?用法点拨
would rather 意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带 to 的动词不定式。
Would you rather work on a farm?
你宁愿在农场工作吗？
—Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
——难道你不愿待在这儿吗？
—No，I would not.I’d rather go there.
——是的，我不愿意。我宁愿去那儿。
?归纳拓展
由于 would rather 表选择，因而后可接 than，还可以表示主观的愿望。
would rather do...than... 宁愿做……而不愿做……
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
我宁愿在农场而不是在工厂工作。
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this matter to anyone.
我宁愿你没有对任何人谈起此事。
?完成句子
(1)我多希望这不是你干的。
I would rather you had_not_done_it.
(2)我宁愿失去很多樱桃树，也不愿你向我撒一次谎。
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should_tell me a lie.
2 Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists who lived and worked in Paris.在这些脱离传统绘画风格的画家中就有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派艺术家们
?用法点拨
(1)此句是一个倒装句，正常语序应为“The impressionists who lived and worked in Paris were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.”此句为表语部分提前而引起的倒装，下面就表语提前的倒装讲解如下：
作表语的(现在分词短语/过去分词短语/形容词＋系动词＋主语)结构，须用倒装。
Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.一个腼腆的长着两只大眼睛的女孩坐在屋子的后面。
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.
妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。
Such would be our life in the future.
我们未来的生活就是这样的。
(2)who broke away from the traditional style of painting 作 painters 的定语，为定语从句；who lived and worked in Paris 作 impressionists 的定语，也为定语从句。
(3)among prep. 在……中间，在……(三者以上)之间；……之一
I didn’t find her among the crowd.
我没在人群中找到她。
Among them，he studies the hardest.
在他们中间他学习最努力。
among，between
(1)前者一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词；后者一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词。
(2)between 有时也可用于三者，主要用于：两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时；涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时；表示“由于……合作的结果”时；在 divide，share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后。
(3)指多者当中的每两者之间时，也用 between。
Don’t eat anything between meals.
正餐之间不要吃零食。
We have breakfast between seven and half past seven.
我们在7∶00和7∶30之间吃早餐。
The Yalu River flows between China and Korea.
鸭绿江介于中朝两国之间。
Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
注意　between ourselves＝between you and me 意为“仅仅你我知道的秘密”。among ourselves 意为“在我们之间，私下”；among themselves 意为“在他们之间；互相”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?翻译句子
(1)出席会议的是刘老易混辨异师，他教我们英语。
Present_at_the_meeting_was_Mr._Liu，who_taught_us_English.
(2)安微位于河南、山东、江苏、浙江、湖北之间。
Anhui_lies_between_Henan，Shandong，Jiangsu，Zhejiang_and_Hubei.
3 There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists,many of these paining styles might not exist有许多现代艺术风格，但要是没有印象派画家，其中的许多绘画风格就不会存在了。
?用法点拨
句中有without引出的含蓄条件虚拟句。在虚拟条件句中有时假设的条件并不是通过条件表达出来，而是隐含在某些介词短语或上下文中。
(1)用介词短语代替条件句来表示隐含条件，这些介词常用without，but for等。
Without air，there would be no living things.
如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
But for your help，I couldn’t have done it.
要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
(2)上下文中使用一些连词，如or，otherwise，but，however等表示隐含条件。
I would have finished the work，but I have been ill.
我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。
I would have come to your birthday party last night，but I was too busy.
昨天晚上我本来想参加你的生日聚会的，但我太忙了。
?完成句子
(1)没有空气来吸收太阳的一些热量，那么晚上地球上会非常冷的。
Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night would_be_freezing_cold.
(2)我看，老师一定认为约翰值得教，否则她不会在他身上浪费时间的。
The teacher must have thought John was worth teaching or she wouldn’t_have_wasted time on him，I suppose.
西方绘画艺术简史
艺术是受人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的。西方的艺术风格经历了多次变革。由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述。因此，本文只谈及从公元6世纪以来最主要的几种艺术风格。
中世纪(公元5世纪到15世纪)
在中世纪，画家的主要任务是把宗教的主题表现出来。一个传统的艺术家无意于如实地展现自然和人物。那个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的特征，体现出了对上帝的爱戴与敬重。但是，很显然到了13世纪时，观念发生变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。
文艺复兴时期(15世纪到16世纪)
在文艺复兴时期，新的思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的思想和价值观。人们开始较少关注宗教主题而采取一种更人性化的生活态度。同时画家们回到了罗马、希腊的古典艺术理念上。他们力争如实地画出人物和自然。富人们想拥有自己的艺术品并用来装饰自己的高级宫殿和豪宅，他们出价聘请著名艺术家来为自己画像，画自己的房屋和其他财物，以及他们的活动和成就。
在此期间，最重要的发现之一就是如何用透视法来画出事物。这一手法是1428年由马萨其奥第一次使用的。当人们第一次看到他的画时，还以为是透过墙上的小洞来观看真实的场景，并对此深信不疑。如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。巧合的是这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。没有新的颜料和新的(绘画)手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。
印象派时期(19世纪后期到20世纪初期)
19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。许多人从农村迁入到新城市。有着许多新发明，还有许多社会变革。这些变革也自然而然地促成了新的绘画风格。在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在法国巴黎的印象派画家。
印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。他们急切地想把一天中不同时间投射到物体上的光线和阴影呈现出来。然而由于自然光的变化很快，印象派画家们必须很快地作画，因此，他们的画就不像以前那些画家们的画那样细致了。起初，许多人都不喜欢这种画法，甚至还怒不可遏。他们说这些画家作画时漫不经心、粗枝大叶，而他们的作品更是荒谬可笑。
现代艺术(20世纪至今)
在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在着争议的，但是如今已被人们接受而成为现在我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。这是因为印象派鼓励画家用一种崭新的视角看待他们的环境。如今，现代艺术风格有好几十种，然而如果没有印象派，那么这许多不同的风格就不可能存在。一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像是照片。这些风格如此不同。
谁能预言将来会有什么样的绘画艺术风格？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．To be honest，I prefer his sculptures(雕塑)to his paintings.
2．We may often talk of beautiful things，but beauty itself is abstract(抽象的)．
3．We talked until the early hours，and consequently(结果)I overslept .
4．The teacher has lost faith in the naughty boy.
5．He thought what the child painted was ridiculous.
6．He made an attempt(企图)to escape from being punished.
7．The topic of argument is controversial.
8．Sometimes earthquakes can’t be predicted(预测)．
9．Modern education should adopt advanced teaching techniques.
10．Their aim is to buy a villa of their own in 2 years.
Ⅱ.短语填空
lead to;break away from;look like;scores of;in one’s possession;concentrate on;a great deal;aim at
1．My remarks were not aimed_at you.
2．He is a_great_deal better now.Don’t worry about him.
3．Their research has concentrated_on a drug which can prevent the bird flu.
4．When she wore that dress，Jane looked_like a princess.
5．The pickpocket broke_away_from the policeman who had been holding him.
6．Your explanation has led me to a clear understanding.
7．Dangerous drugs were found in_her_possession；therefore，she was arrested.
8．I’ve seen the film scores_of_ times.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．The girl likes chocolate a great deal of.去掉of
2．He studied hard，aim at passing the exam.将aim改aiming
3．The old man prefers more to live alone.去掉more
4．I wish professor Smith has told me about that.将has改为had
5．Not only are you interested in the book，but also do I like it very much.去掉do
6．She went to the bookstore and bought score of books.将score改为scores
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．房间里那么黑，我什么也看不到。
It was so dark in the room that I couldn’t see anything.
2．他企图越狱。
He made_an_attempt to escape from prison.
3．他说得多做得少。
He talks a_great_deal but does little.
4．我尽力让他们相信我是清白的。
I tried to convince_them_of my innocence.
5．他已被看作是这个俱乐部的一员。
He has_been_accepted_as a member of this club.
6．如果没有电，一些工作就不能做。
Without_electricity ，some work can’t be done.
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．Only by ________ your attention ________ what you are learning，can you learn it well.
A．concentrate；on B．pay；on
C．concentrating; on D．paying；on
答案　C
解析　句意为：只有集中精力于你所学的东西，你才能把它学好。concentrate sth.on...为固定词组，意为“集中精力于……；专心致志于……”； by为介词，其后只能用动名词，而不能用动词原形，排除A项；pay one’s attention to...，故排除B、D两项。
2．At the very beginning，Einstein’s Theory of Relativity was so ________ that few scientists could understand it.
A．absorbed B．abstract
C．absolute D．interesting
答案　B
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。abstract抽象的；absolute绝对的；absorbed精神集中的。根据题意，只有B项符合。
3．On the one hand，they’d love to have kids，but ________ they don’t want to give up freedom.
A．when B．to other hand
C．on another hand D．on the other hand
答案　D
解析　on (the)one hand...，on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……。
4．________work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A．Many B．A great many
C．A great deal of D．A large number of
答案　C
解析　由句中主语work为不可数名词这一特性可以排除A、B、D三个选项，因为many，a great many，a large number of只可以修饰可数名词，只有a great deal of可以修饰不可数名词。
5．—Does the young man standing there ________ the company?
—No.The company is ________ his father.
A．have possession of；in the possession of
B．in possession of；in the possession of
C．take possession of；in possession of
D．have possession of；in possession of
答案　A
解析　have/take possession of...拥有……；in possession of介词短语，以人作主语；in the possession of...介词短语，以物作主语，故选A项。
6．We can’t accurately ________ what will happen next.
A．debate B．speak
C．analyse D．predict
答案　D
解析　考查动词词义辨析。debate争论，辩论；analyse分析；predict预言。
7．Du Li faced heavy pressure in the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.________，she missed the first champion.
A．Consequently B．Unfortunately
C．Especially D．Absolutely
答案　A
解析　句意为：杜丽在2008年北京奥运会上压力太大；结果，她没拿到第一场比赛的冠军。
8．________ to meet you here!
A．What a coincidence B．What a chance
C．What coincidental D．What an accident
答案　A
解析　What a coincidence...真巧……；巧极了……。
9．AIDS is spreading all over the world at shocking speed.Where its dark ________ appears，we see pain，tears and death.
A．shape B．shadow
C．ambition D．feeling
答案　B
解析　shadow阴影；shape形状；ambition雄心；feeling感情。根据句意“在艾滋病阴影出现的地方，我们看到的是痛苦、眼泪和死亡”可知B项正确。
10．Yang Liwei，China’s first spaceman，prepared carefully for going to space so that he could be sure of success at his first ________.
A．experiment B．fight
C．attempt D．try
答案　C
解析　at one’s first attempt某人第一次尝试。
Ⅵ.完形填空
There were two warring tribes in the Andes，one that lived in the lowlands and the other high in the mountains.The mountain people invaded(侵略)the lowlanders one day，and __1__ part of their robbing，they took away a __2__ of one of the lowlander families and took the baby __3__ up into the mountains.
The lowlanders didn’t know how to climb the mountain.They didn’t know the __4__ that the mountain people used，and they didn’t know where to find the mountain people or how to __5__ them in the steep surroundings.__6__，they sent out their best party of fighting men to climb the mountain and __7__ the baby home.
The men __8__one method of climbing and then another.After several days of __9__，however，they had __10__ only several hundred feet.Feeling __11__and helpless，the lowlander men decided that the __12__ could not be achieved.With no means left，they __13__ to return to their village below.
On their way home，they saw the baby’s mother __14__ toward them.They realized that she was __15__ the mountain that they hadn’t __16__ how to climb.And then they saw that she had the baby strapped(捆)to her __17__ .How could that be?
One man __18__ her and said，“We couldn’t climb this mountain. How did you do this when we，the __19__ and most able men in the village，couldn’t do __20__ ？”
She shrugged her shoulders and said，“It wasn’t your baby.”
1．A.to B．for C．on D．as
答案　D
解析　一天，山上的人侵略了住在低处的人，作为抢劫的一部分，他们……
2．A.goat B．man C．baby D．woman
答案　C
解析　结合后面的took the baby可以看出，山上的人劫走了一个孩子。
3．A.back B．in C．away D．under
答案　A
解析　动词短语take sb./sth. back表示“把人或物带回到……”。此处指山上的人把孩子带回到山上。
4．A.sense B．way C．wonder D．manner
答案　B
解析　由前句内容可知，住在低处的人们不知道山上的人是如何爬上山的。
5．A.grab B．contact C．kill D．track
答案　D
解析　根据后面的“in the steep surroundings”可知，在这陡峭的环境中，他们不知道怎么追踪山上的人。
6．A.Even so B．In case
C．On the contrary D．Therefore
答案　A
解析　低处的人不知道如何找到山上的人，即使这样，他们还是派出了最好的一队人员。
7．A.take B．force C．move D．bring
答案　D
解析　上山把孩子带回来。bring sb. home把某人带回家。
8．A.learned B．accessed C．tried D．provided
答案　C
解析　由句中的“one method...and then another”可知，他们尝试了各种方法。
9．A.protection B．effort C．difficulty D．energy
答案　B
解析　由“only several hundred feet”可知，这是几天来努力的结果。
10A.examined B．compared
C．proved D．climbed
答案　D
解析　由句中的“several hundred feet”可知，他们爬了几百英尺高。
11．A.senseless B．worthless
C．hopeless D．fearless
答案　C
解析　用了几天的时间才爬了几百英尺，因此他们都失去希望了。
12．A.goal B．achievement
C．idea D．exploration
答案　A
解析　由前文中的helpless可以看出，他们认为目标不能实现了。
13．A.managed B．adventured
C．wanted D．prepared
答案　D
解析　由于没有办法爬上山，他们准备返回山下的村子。
14．A.smiling B．walking
C．viewing D．crying
答案　B
解析　在回家的路上，他们看到孩子的妈妈朝他们走了过来。
15．A.heading toward B．coming down
C．looking up D．passing by
答案　B
解析　由下文中“How did you do this”可知，孩子的母亲是从山上下来的。
16．A.figured out B．looked out
C．turned out D．brought out
答案　A
解析　人们搞不懂孩子的妈妈是如何爬上山的。figure out表示“弄清楚，弄明白”。
17．A.arm B．back C．hand D．head
答案　B
解析　根据常识可以判断，她把孩子捆在背上背着走。
18．A.welcomed B．greeted
C．followed D．received
答案　B
解析　由后面的内容可以看出，人群中有人向她打招呼。
19．A.tallest B．oldest C．shortest D．strongest
答案　D
解析　由句中的“and most able men”可知，这些人应该是最强壮的。
20．A.it B．them C．her D．that
答案　A
解析　此处用do it代替climb the mountain。根据前面的“How did you do this”可以判断，此处不用that。
Unit 2　Poems
Period One　Warming Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
Others try to convey certain emotions.其他的试图来表达某种感情。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
(1)vt.传达或表达(感情、观点、思想等)
Words can’t convey my sorrow.
语言不能表达我的悲哀。
The song conveys how deeply he loved his country.
这首歌表达出他对祖国是多么地热爱。
(2)vt.运送，传送，输送
Your luggage will be conveyed by helicopter from the airport to your hotel.
你的行李将用直升机由机场运到旅馆。
The survivors from Sichuan Earthquake have been conveyed to safe places.
四川地震中的幸存者已经被送到安全的地方。
?归纳拓展
convey one’s feelings表达感情
convey news/information to sb.把消息/信息传达给某人
convey meanings传达意思
convey sth.to sb.向某人表达/传达……
convey sth./sb.from...to...把……从……送到……
convey表示将人或信息等从甲地带到乙地时，其后不能用副词back。
If you convey this suggestion back to your manager, we shall obtain a solution to our problem.(×)
If you convey this suggestion to your manager, we shall obtain a solution to our problem.(√)
如果你把这个建议向你们经理转达，我们的问题就会得到解决。
?完成句子
(1)请代我向她表达最美好的祝愿。
Please convey my best wishes to her.
(2)管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。
Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.
2
List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.清单诗的诗句长短灵活且短语可重复，这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
These sentences all have the same grammatical pattern.
这些句子的语法模式都相同。
She wore a dress with a pattern of roses on it.
她穿着有玫瑰图案的连衣裙。
Over the next months their work pattern changed.
在以后的几个月中，他们的工作方式改变了。
?归纳拓展
changing patterns of behaviour/work/weather行为/工作/天气的变化模式
an irregular sleeping pattern不规律的睡眠模式
follow a (similar) pattern同出一辙
set the pattern for...为……树立榜样
?翻译句子
(1)这些凶杀案似乎同出一辙。
The_murders_all_seem_to_follow_a_similar_pattern.
(2)该课程的成功为新雇员的培训树立了榜样。
The_success_of_the_course_set_the_pattern_for_the_training_of_new_employees.
3
Teasing，shouting，laughing(爱)取笑，吆喝，大笑(回归课本)
?用法点拨
You must not tease your little sister.
你不应该取笑你的小妹妹。
Don’t tease that cock. It may turn on you.
别逗那只公鸡，它会扑咬你的。
The teacher helped them tease out the meaning of the poem.
老师帮助他们弄清楚那首诗的含义。
?归纳拓展
tease sth. out探讨，梳理清楚
tease sb. for sth.缠着某人强求……
tease sb. to do sth.强求某人做……
She is always teasing her mother
她总是缠着母亲要钱。
?翻译句子
(1)别不高兴，我只是在逗你玩。
Don’t_get_upset_—_I_was_only_teasing.
(2)过去别人总拿我的名字开玩笑。
I_used_to_get_teased_about_my_name.
4
Week in, week out Endless周而复始，永无止境(回归课本)
?用法点拨
A video game will provide endless hours of fun.
电子游戏将带来无穷的乐趣。
I’m tired of his endless chatting.
我讨厌他喋喋不休的闲聊。
?归纳拓展
endlessly adv.无休止地，无穷地
ending n．结局，结尾
end vi.结束，中止；vt.使终止，使结束；n.末尾；结束
end up最终……
end with...以……作为结束
?翻译句子
(1)有无数种可能性。
The_possibilities_were_endless.
(2)男人们没完没了地谈论着当地的房产价格。
The_men_talked_endlessly_about_local_property_prices.
5
A fallen blossom一只落花
Is coming back to the branch.要回到枝头。
Look，a butterfly！看，却是只蝴蝶！(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Look at the naughty boy, he is hanging from the branch.
看那调皮的孩子，他正吊在树枝上。
The Min River is a branch of the Changjiang River.
岷江是长江的一条支流。
The bank has branches in all parts of the country.
该银行在全国各地都有分行。
?归纳拓展
branch v．分叉；分道；拓展新领域
I decided to branch out on my own.我决定自己开业。
?翻译句子
(1)政府所有部门都必须削减开支。
All_branches_of_government_must_cut_costs.
(2)公司现在已经开展了保险销售的新业务。
The company has now branched out into selling insurance.
6
Never looking back，不回头
Transformed into stone.化为石。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
她过去十分腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后她完全变了。
A complete change of climate transformed the area from a desert into farmland.
气候的彻底改变使该地区由沙漠变为农田。
?归纳拓展
transformation n.
transform sth./sb. into...把……变成……
?完成句子
(1)这个国家只用了20年就成为了一个先进的工业强国。
In only 20 years the country has_been_transformed_into an advanced industrial power.
(2)这家公司已从家庭企业变成一家拥有5 000名工人的大企业。
The company has_been_transformed_from a family business into one with 5,000 workers.
7
A lot of Tang poetry has_been_translated into English.许多唐诗已被翻译成英文。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Can you help me to translate the poem into English?
你能帮我把这首诗翻译成英语吗？
Translating an article is no easier at all than creating a new one.
翻译一篇文章丝毫不比写一篇新的更容易。
Can you translate your meaning into gestures?
你能用手势把你的意思表达出来吗？
?归纳拓展
translation n．[C，U]翻译，译文
translator n．[C]翻译，译者
translate...into...把……译成……
有“把……译成……”之意的短语还有：
put...into...；turn...into...；change...into...
其被动式为be translated/put/turned/changed into...
Can you translate/put/turn/change this passage into English？你能把这篇文章译成英语吗？
This novel has been translated/put/turned/changed into English.这篇小说已被译成英文了。
?完成句子
(1)该我们把思想变成行动的时候了。
It’s time to translate our ideas into action.
(2)我希望所有的努力都会变成利润。
I hope all the hard work will_translate_into profits.
8
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.有如此多诗的形式可选择，学生可能最终想写他们自己的诗了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He worked very hard and eventually made himself ill.
他工作非常卖力，最后病倒了。
Eventually he was tired of trying so hard.
他最终厌倦了这种艰苦的尝试。
eventually，at last
eventually指的是“作为结果而终于发生”。
at last通常表示“在久久等待以后终于发生”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)如果人口按现在的速度增加，最后地球上剩下的资源将不够维持人类生命。
If the population goes on increasing at the present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left on earth to sustain human life.
(2)经过漫长而严酷的冬天，春天终于来临。
At_last the spring came after a long severe winter.
9
We would have won if we hadn’t_taken_it_easy,_if we hadn’t run out of energy.如果我们没有放松、如果我们没有耗尽精力，我们就会赢了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Just take it easy and tell us exactly what happened.
别紧张，确切地告诉我们究竟发生了什么事。
If we hadn’t taken it easy, we would have passed the exam.
如果我们没有放松的话，我们就通过考试了。
take things/it easy，take one’s time
(1)take things/it easy意为“放松，不要紧张”。指心理上“别紧张”，相当于“Don’t be nervous.”。
(2)take one’s time意为“不慌不忙，从容不迫”或“拖拉，慢吞吞”。指时间上不用慌张，因为“There’s enough time left.”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)医生劝我放松一下，工作不要过于劳累。
The doctor told me to take_things/it_easy and stop working so hard.
(2)不用急着赶回来——慢慢来吧。
There’s no need to rush back—just take_your_time.

...if we hadn’t run_out_of energy.……如果我们没有耗尽精力。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
We have run out of coal and have to burn wood.
煤用完了，我们只好烧木头。
When they ran out of their oxygen, they had no chance of surviving.
当他们用完了氧气，就没有可能生存下去。
run out，give out
run out表示“用完；用光；耗尽”时，是不及物动词短语。
Our gas is running out ＝ We are running out of gas.
give out可以表示人的力气“用完”或人“精疲力尽”，还可以表示“发出；分发；宣布”等。
Her legs gave out and she collapsed.她腿一软就倒了下去。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?归纳拓展
run across偶然碰见
run after追赶，追求
run around到处跑
run away逃跑；跑开
run into使……撞在……上；(非正式)偶然遇见
run off逃跑；离弃
run over(开车)压过，碾过；反复练习
?完成句子
(1)我们的补给很快耗尽了。
Our supplies soon ran_out/gave_out.
(2)车内的汽油快用完了，我得趁它还没用完，赶快找到加油站。
My car’s running_out_of petrol. I must find a gas station before it runs_out.

Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made_up_of five lines.另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是五行诗，由五行组成。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Five men and two women made up the medical team to be sent to Iraq.
五男两女组成这个要派往伊拉克的医疗队。
60% of the student number is made up of girls.
女生占学生人数的60%
?归纳拓展
(1)make up
①创作
The teacher asked us to make up a poem about Christmas.
老师要求我们创作一首有关圣诞节的诗。
②化妆
Most women make up every day now.
现在多数女性每天都要化妆。
③弥补
John must make up the lessons he missed.
约翰得把他落下的功课补上。
④补上，凑数
We still need 5 dollars to make up the money.
我们还差5美元凑齐那笔钱。
⑤编造
I told the children a story, making it up as I went along.
我给孩子们讲了个故事，边编边讲。
(2)be made by...由(某人)制造
be made in...由(某地方)制造
be made of...由……制成(能看出原料)
be made into...制成……
be made from...由……制成(看不出原料)
?完成句子
(1)我们班由65名学生组成，其中包括35个男生和30个女生。
Our class is_made_up_of 65 students, including 35 boys and 30 girls.
(2)手表虽小，但却是由几十个更小的部分组成的。
Small as a watch is, it is_made_up_of tens of smaller parts.

Did you know that English speakers also enjoy other forms of Asian poetry—Tang poems from China in_particular？你知道吗？说英语的人也酷爱其他的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The whole meal was good but the wine was excellent in particular.
整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更是好极了。
It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular.这场音乐会不错，我特别喜欢最后一首歌。
?归纳拓展
in particular ＝ particularly
in particular常用在anyone/anything/anywhere/no one/ nothing/nowhere等不定代词的后面。
?翻译句子
(1)你是否特别想跟某个人说话？
Was there anyone in particular that you wanted to talk to?
(2)——晚饭你有什么特别想吃的菜吗？
——没有，什么都行。
—_Is_there_anything_in_particular_you’d_like_for_supper?
—_No,_nothing_in_particular.
1
?用法点拨
Have you found out the reason why he left school?
你弄清他为什么辍学了吗？
The reason why so many people rushed to California was that another gold mine was found there.
这么多人涌向加利福尼亚是因为那儿又找到了一个金矿。
Many people rushed to California.That’s because another gold mine was found there.
许多人涌向加利福尼亚，那是因为那儿又找到了一个金矿。
Another gold mine was found.That’s why so many people rushed there.
加利福尼亚又找到了一个金矿，那就是这么多人涌向那儿的原因。
?归纳拓展
(1)the reason why... 干……的理由，后接句子；the reason for... 和它同义，后接名词或动名词。
(2)句型 that’s why... 和 that’s because... 的区别在于前者引出“结果”，而后者接“原因”。
用 that’s why，that’s because 的适当形式填空
(1)Hitler hated Jews.That’s_why Einstein left Europe for America.
(2)I failed in the exam.That’s_because I suffered from a serious headache then.
2
?用法点拨
though strange 是让步状语从句的省略，补充完整是 though they were strange，though 是从属连词，当从句的主语与主句的主语相一致，并且从句的谓语动词是 be 时，常常省略从句主语和 be。
Though tired，she still kept on running.
尽管很疲劳，但她继续跑。
Though not large，the room was well lit.
这个房间虽然不大，但是采光很好。
though，although
在用作从属连词表示让步意义时，它们的语义是相同的，只是 although 语气更强一些，而 though 更普遍些。它们的区别在于：
(1)though 能用来构成特殊语序的让步状语从句，而 although 不能；
Rich though he is，he is not happy.
虽然他很富有，但是他并不幸福。
(2)though 可用作并列连词，表示 and，but，yet，however 等含义，而 although 不能；
He is looking fit，though.
但是，他看上去很健康。
(3)though 可用作副词，放在句末，而 although 没有这个用法；
(4)though 可以用 even 修饰，构成 even though (即使，尽管，虽然)，而 although 不能用 even 修饰。
She wore a fur coat，even though it was a very hot day.
虽然天气很热，但她却穿着一件皮大衣。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)尽管又冷又饿，我们没一个愿意放弃的。
Though_cold and hungry,_none of us would give up.
(2)那道数学题很难，然而我还是把它算了出来。
The maths problem is very difficult. I worked it out, though.
简体英文诗
人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。诗人用许多不同格式的诗来表达自己的情感。本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。
孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。像右边的这首童谣(A)至今仍然是常见的。童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多重复。童谣不一定有什么意义，甚至(有的)看来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
(A)
小宝宝，别说话，
爸爸给你买个小嘲鸟。
小嘲鸟，不会唱，
爸爸给你买个钻石戒。
钻石戒，变成铜，
爸爸给你买个小镜子。
小镜子，打破了，
爸爸给你买个小山羊。
小山羊，跑掉了。
爸爸今天再去给你买一只。
像(B)和(C)这样的列举事物的清单诗是诗歌中最简单的一种。清单诗可长可短，可以重复一些短语，较为灵活，形成固定句型和诗的节奏。有些清单诗有韵脚(如B)，但有一些没有(如C)。
(B)
我看到鱼塘在燃烧
我看到鱼塘在燃烧，
我看到两只麻雀在赛跑，
我看到房子向地主哈腰。
我看到两匹马儿绣花包。
我看到人高一丈八，
我看到姑娘像只猫，
我看到茅屋在天郊。
我看到小猫戴花帽。
我看到汽球用铝做，
我看到有人在一旁瞄，
我看到棺材把死人抛。
虽奇怪，但也把实情报。
(C)
我们的第一场球赛
我们本来会得冠……
如果我死死盯住球，
如果杰克踢进了那个球，
如果我们头晚不熬夜，
如果我们还有几分钟，
如果我们没有放松警惕，
如果我们训练得更严格，
如果我们没有精疲力竭，
如果本把球传给了乔，
我们本来是会得冠……
如果有大批球迷助威，
如果我们能干得更好！
另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫做五行诗。用五行诗，学生可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面。请看下一页上端的D和E两个例子。
(D)
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
(E)
夏天
困乏，咸涩
干涸，枯萎，恐怖
周而复始
永无止境
俳句诗(Haiku)是一种日本诗，由17个音节组成。它不属英诗的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗也是很流行的。它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，它可以用最少的词语呈现出一幅清晰的画面，表达出一种特殊的感情。下面两首徘句诗(右边的F和G)就是从日文翻译出来的。
(F)
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是个蝴蝶！
(作者：Moritake)
(G)
雪儿融化了，
整个村庄充满着
欢乐的儿童。
(作者：Issa)
你知道吗？说英语的人也喜欢其他类型的亚洲诗，尤其是中国的唐诗，许多唐诗已经被翻译成英文了。下面这首唐诗(H)就是从中文翻译过来的。
(H)
望夫石
王健
望夫处，江悠悠。
化为石，不回头。
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。写诗比你想象的要容
易，绝对值得一试。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting room.
2．We have turned this school into a nursery(托儿所)．
3．Romantic novels tend to follow a set pattern(模式)．
4．I think the English article which was translated into Chinese by him is second to none.
5．Don’t be upset about it any more; you see，endless chances are awaiting you ahead.
6．True friends should share happiness as well as sorrow.
7．He climbed up the tree and hid himself among the branches.
8．We didn’t know how they conveyed(运送)these stones over 380 miles without modern machines.
Ⅱ.短语填空
take it easy；run out of；make up of；in particular；translate into；make sense；make a list；on fire
1.No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn’t make_sense.
2．I am running_out_of money. I have to return home and fetch some.
3．It is known to us all that the United States is_made_up_of fifty states.
4．I like watching foreign films, Indian ones in_particular.
5．That famous novel is said to have been_translated_into many languages.
6．Take_it_easy,_and you will feel well after a week’s rest.
7．Look, the theatre is on_fire! Let’s go and help.
8．I’d better make_a_list,_or I will forget who I’ve invited.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．Though he is young, he knows how to deal with such difficult situations.
Young as he is , he knows how to manage such difficult situations.
2．Probably he will come to attend the meeting tomorrow.
He is likely to come to attend the meeting tomorrow.
3．People in ancient times wrote poetry for a variety of reasons.
There are various reasons why people in ancient times wrote poetry.
4．Every day, the farmers work hard on their land, hoping to get a good harvest.
Day after day,_the farmers work hard on their land, hoping to get a good harvest.
5．There is nothing serious. Don’t be nervous.
There is nothing serious. Just take it easy.
6．You can’t trust the trains to run on time.
You can’t depend on the trains to run on time.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．My sister is reading a_poem_written_by(由……写的一首诗)Shakespeare.
2．It’s difficult to find a rhymed_word(压韵的词)for this poem.
3．We expressed_our_sorrow(表示悲痛)at the death in Sichuan Earthquake.
4．Are you going anywhere in_particular(特别地)?
5．He looks_forward_to(盼望着)spending Christmas in England.
6．Society is_made_up_of(由……组成)people with widely different abilities.
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．________ into many languages，Harry Potter is popular with children and adults as well all over the world.
A．Being translated B．Having translated
C．To be translated D．Having been translated
答案　D
解析　Harry Potter与translate之间是被动关系，且“翻译”这件事发生在谓动动词be popular之前，故选D项。句意为：《哈里·波特》这部书现在很受全世界成人及小孩儿的欢迎，已被译成了很多的语言版本。
2．— Excuse me, will you change this one-hundred dollar note for me?
— Sorry, my changes ________.
A．are running of B．are lack of
C．are running out of D．ran out
答案　D
解析　由语境知，此处表示“我的零钱花光了”，主语是my changes，故排除A、C两项，选D项。
3．The committee ________ five famous scientists put forward a valuable plan at the end of the conference.
A．was made up of B．was made from
C．made from D．made up of
答案　D
解析　made up of five famous scientists作the committee的定语。
4．These behavior ________ are typical of this age group.
A．designs B．patterns C．models D．samples
答案　B
解析　pattern图案，花样；模式。design设计，构思，尤指整体构成；model模型；sample样品；标本。句意为：就这个年龄层而言，这些行为模式很典型。
5．To the ________ of the family, the house was completely destroyed by the earthquake.
A．sad B．sorrow C．regret D．pity
答案　B
解析　此处表示“令全家人伤心的是……”，B项符合题意，C、D两项意为“遗憾”，与题意不符。
6．As we all know, a good farmer can ________ a deserted place into a rich field.
A．translate B．build C．tease D．transform
答案　D
解析　transform...into...把……变成……。
7．Economics is a ________ of science while English is one of the ________ of languages.
A．branch, branch B．branches，branch
C．branches，branch D．branch，branches
答案　D
解析　a＋单数名词，而one of＋复数名词；branch的复数形式为branches。
8．Cotton can be made ________ cloth and many other things.
A．from B．out of C．of D．into
答案　D
解析　be made into...被制成……；be made of由……制成；be made out of...由……改制成。根据题意，应选D项。
9．— I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything ________ there?
— No，but thank you all the same.
A．to be taken B．taken
C．taking D．to take
答案　A
解析　从上下文来看，应表示“你有什么东西要被带到那里去吗？”动作发生在将来，要用动词不定式，而且take与you之间是被动关系，故A项正确。
10．— I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
— ________. I’m not in a hurry.
A．Take it easy B．Take your time
C．That’s all right D．Do as you please
答案　B
解析　从下文答语“I’m not in a hurry”来看，B项符合语境。take it easy意为“放松点；别紧张”，与语境不符。
11．It is no ________ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.
A．use B．help C．time D．way
答案　A
解析　It’s no use/good doing sth是固定句式，表示“做……没用处/好处”。
12．—There’s coffee and tea; you can have ________.
—Thanks.
A．either B．each C．one D．it
答案　A
解析　either指两者之中任一个；each指三者或三者以上中的每一个。由句意“有咖啡和茶，你可以喝其一”，可知A项正确。
13．Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard.
A．learn B．to learn C．learned D．learning
答案　B
解析　make sb. do sth.在被动语态中，动词不定式中省略的to应该补出。
14．Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A．invited B．inviting
C．being invited D．having invited
答案　A
解析　有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语动词中含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的一部分省掉，而用分词形式。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词，此处主语you与invite之间是被动关系，故选A项。
15．The manager has got a good business ________ so the company is doing well.
A．idea B．sense C．thought D．thinking
答案　B
解析　sense辨别力；判断力，如：a sense of direction方向感。句意为：这位经理有很强的经商意识，因此公司经营良好。
Ⅵ.完形填空
I met him first on a summer day in 1989. I __1__ into his ugly small shop to have my shoes repaired. It wasn’t much of a job, so I __2__ while he did it. He greeted me with a __3__ smile, “You are __4__ in this place, aren’t you？”
I said I was. I had __5__ into this street only a week before.
“This is a fine place，” he said. I __6__ there with my shoes off, __7__ around as he got ready to make repairs. He looked __8__ at the leather. It was worn through because I had __9__ to have the repair job done. I grew __10__ impatient, for I was eager to meet a friend, and I had to get there without delay. “Please hurry.” I begged.
He looked at me __11__ his glasses, “We won’t be long. I must do a good job. You see, I have a tradition to live up to.”
A tradition? In this ugly small shop that wasn’t any _12__ from so many other shops on the streets of New York.
He must have felt my __13__ for he smiled as he __14__. “Yes, my father is a good shoemaker.” He always told me, “Son, do the best job on every shoe that __15__ the shop, and be proud of your own work. Do that always, and you’ll have both happiness and money enough to live on.”
As he __16__ me the finished shoes, he said，“These will last a long time.” I left __17__， my friend would be waiting for me __18__.
That evening I __19__ the shop. There he was.When he saw me, he waved and smiled. This was the beginning of our __20__ that came to mean more and more to me as time passed.
1．A.looked B．rushed C．slipped D．broke
答案　B
解析　rush into意为“冲进去”，B项符合题意。
2.A.left B．waited C．watched D．helped
答案　B
解析　wait意为“等待”，B项符合题意。
3．A.sweet B．light C．cold D．forced
答案　A
解析　从下文可以看出这是一位非常热情的鞋匠，所以他给我一个甜甜的微笑，A项符合题意。
4．A.fresh B．young C．familiar D．new
答案　D
解析　鞋匠问我是否是新来的，第二段有提示。
5．A.came B．lived C．moved D．entered
答案　C
解析　move表示“搬家”的意思。
6．A.stood B．lay C．sat D．talked
答案　C
解析　修鞋自然要坐着等候。
7．A.thinking B．moving C．turning D．looking
答案　D
解析　鞋匠修鞋时，我四处看看。look around意为“四处看”。
8．A.surprisingly B．sadly
C．painfully D．angrily
答案　B
解析　鞋匠出于职业习惯很爱护皮子，所以看我把鞋穿成那样，很伤心。
9．A.failed B．managed C．wanted D．intended
答案　A
解析　我之所以把鞋穿成那样，是因为我没有及时去修理，A项符合题意。
10．A.more B．less C．greatly D．a little
答案　D
解析　a little意为“一点儿”，符合题意。
11．A.under B．over C．in D．with
答案　B
解析　over his glasses是指从眼镜框上边看对方。
12．A.different B．special C．particular D．unusual
答案　A
解析　这家小鞋店并没有与别的鞋店不同之处。
13．A.doubt B．surprise
C．disappointment D．astonishment
答案　B
解析　他一定感觉到了我的惊讶。
14．A.said B．agreed C．continued D．answered
答案　C
解析　他一边继续接着上边的话说，一边微笑。
15．A.flies into B．brings to
C．comes into D．introduces to
答案　C
解析　come into意为“进来”，C项符合题意。
16．A.showed B．handed C．brought D．took
答案　B
解析　修好鞋之后递给我。
17．A.quietly B．slowly C．in time D．in a hurry
答案　D
解析　与上文呼应，我着急地离开了。
18．A.coldly B．happily
C．anxiously D．angrily
答案　C
解析　等的人不来应该是很着急的心情。
19．A.entered B．passed C．visited D．saw
答案　B
解析　那天晚上我又经过那家鞋店，下一句话说“he waved and smiled”。
20．A.experience B．love
C．friendship D．story
答案　C
解析　这是我们友谊的开始。
Unit 3　A healthy life
Period One　Warming-Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
Drug abuse滥用毒品(回归课本)
?用法点拨
We must prevent the abuse of privileges.
我们必须防止滥用特权。
Government officials shouldn’t abuse their power.
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
Stop abusing that dog！不要折磨那条狗了！
He is always abusing people.他总爱骂人。
?归纳拓展
abusive adj.施虐的
abuse of对……的虐待/伤害；滥用……
abuse of power/privilege滥用权力/特权
open to abuse可能被滥用的
?翻译句子
(1)对孩子的暴力虐待和疏于照管太常见了。
Physical_abuse_and_neglect_of_children_is_too_common.
(2)他们被控滥用权力，人为地抬高物价。
They_were_accused_of_abusing_their_power_to_keep_prices_artificially_high.
2
?用法点拨
(1)n.压力；重音
Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness.心理压力常常是形成慢性病的一个因素。
In the word “mother” the stress is on the first syllable.
在“mother”一词里，重音在第一个音节上。
(2)v.使紧张；重读
He stressed the importance of a good education.
他强调了接受良好教育的重要性。
You stress the first syllable in “happiness”．
“happiness”一词重读第一个音节。
?归纳拓展
stressful adj.压力大的
stressed adj.有压力的
time of stress危难之际，非常时期
lay/place/put stress on...把重点放在……上
under the stress of...为……所迫
a stressful job/situation/lifestyle繁重的工作/艰难的处境/紧张的生活方式
?完成句子
(1)汤姆自从母亲病倒后，一直忧心忡忡。
Tom has been under_a_lot_of_stress since his mother’s illness.
(2)大部分学校都重视外语教育。
Most schools lay/put/place_stress on foreign language education.
3
Do you think smoking should_be_banned？你认为抽烟该被禁止吗？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
(1)v.禁止；取缔
The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
He was banned from (attending) the meeting.
不准他出席该会议。
(2)n.禁令；谴责
Many smokers also support the ban on smoking in public places.许多吸烟者也支持在公共场合禁止吸烟。
?归纳拓展
ban sth.禁止某事
ban sb. from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事
a ban on...关于……的禁令
ban，forbid
ban与forbid都有“禁止”之意，ban指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，表明对被禁止事物不赞成或谴责的态度。forbid指官方、上级或长辈加以禁止或客观条件不允许。
Fishing in this lake is banned.此湖禁止捕鱼。
His father forbade the marriage.他的父亲不允许这门婚事。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)这本书被各学校图书馆所禁。
The book was_banned from school libraries.
(2)将出台完全禁烟令。
There will be a total ban_on smoking.
4
You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became_addicted_to cigarettes.你知道，年轻时，我也吸烟并且对香烟非常有瘾。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Many students are addicted to computer games.
许多学生迷恋计算机游戏。
It doesn’t take long to become addicted to these drugs.
服用这些毒品不用很长时间就会上瘾。
?归纳拓展
addict n．沉湎于不良嗜好的人(尤指吸毒者，对……入迷的人)
addiction n．沉湎，成瘾
addictive adj.使人上瘾的
Coffee is addictive in a mild way.
咖啡能稍微使人上瘾。
They are rock music addicts.
他们是摇滚乐迷。
He is now fighting his addiction to alcohol.
他现在正努力戒酒。
?完成句子
(1)他承认他吸食可卡因上瘾了。
He admitted he was_addicted_to cocaine.
(2)这些安眠药不会使人上瘾。
These sleeping pills are_not_addictive.
5
As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地开始做它。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Breathing is an automatic fun_ction of the body.
呼吸是身体的一种无意识的功能。
This is an automatic control system.
这是一个自动控制系统。
?归纳拓展
automatically adv.(尤指出于习惯)不假思索地、机械地；自然地；必然地；自动地
He made that movement automatically.
他无意识地做了那个动作。
?翻译句子
(1)“当然，”我不假思索地回答。
“Of_course，”I_replied_automatically.
(2)乱丢垃圾的必然后果是要罚500美元。
Littering_results_in_an_automatic_fine_of_500_dollars.
6
I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒(烟)就很难。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I’ve decided to quit smoking.我已决心戒烟。
He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。
?归纳拓展
quit office离职
quit school退学
quit doing sth.停止做……
?完成句子
(1)叫他别再笑我了。
Tell him to quit_laughing at me.
(2)他将辞去英格兰队主教练的职务。
He is quitting as manager of the England team.
7
When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Scientists are studying the chemical’s effect on the environment.
科学家正在研究该化学物质对环境的影响。
Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.
生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。
?归纳拓展
cause and effect因果
have an/some/little/no effect on对……有/有一些/几乎没有/没有影响
come/go into effect开始实施；开始生效
in effect事实上，实际上；有效的
take effect生效，奏效
of no effect无效的，无用的
?完成句子
(1)实际上，我们的工资将提高2%。
In_effect，our wages will increase by 2%.
(2)北美自由贸易协定对大多数美国人的日常生活几乎没有什么影响。
The NAFTA agreement has had_little_effect_on the daily life of most Americans.
8
If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.如果你因意志薄弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
You should be ashamed of failing to finish the task.
你应因没完成任务而感到惭愧。
I’m ashamed to have behaved so badly at your party.
我很惭愧在你的宴会上举止如此恶劣。
?归纳拓展
be ashamed of sb./sth.对……感到羞耻(惭愧)
be ashamed to do sth.耻于做……，因难为情而不愿做……
be ashamed＋that. . .对……感到惭愧
feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧
ashamed，shameful，shameless
ashamed指某人因某事而感到羞耻、惭愧、害臊等；通常作表语。
shameful意为“可耻的；丢脸的”，可作表语，也可作定语，主语或中心词是使人感到丢脸的人或事。
shameless意为“无耻的，不知羞耻的，不要脸的”，既可作表语，也可作定语，用于形容人或事物本身“恬不知耻，无耻”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?翻译句子
(1)考试作弊是可耻的。
It’s_shameful_to_cheat_in_the_exam.
(2)很久未曾写信，我甚为惭愧。
I_feel_ashamed_that_I_haven’t_written_for_so_long.
9
I think my long and active life must be due_to the healthy life I live.我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
(1)由于；归功于
What one thinks and feels is due to tradition，habit and education.
一个人的想法和感觉来自传统、习俗和(他所受的)教育。
My success is due to your help.
我的成功归功于你的帮助。
(2)预定应到的；约定的；到期的，后面可接时间、地点状语或不定式短语。
He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.
他预定明天在会上发言。
?归纳拓展
表示“原因，由于”的其他短语：
because of由于
thanks to多亏，归功于
on account of由于……
because＋从句 由于，因为
owing to由于……
Owing to the president’s ill health，the visit to Canada is to be put off.因健康原因，总统推迟访问加拿大。
Thanks to a good teacher，he passed the examination.
多亏了一位好老师，他考试及格了。
He was sent to a nursing home on account of age.
他因年迈而被送进福利院。
?完成句子
(1)那起事故是由于你驾驶不小心。
The accident is due_to your careless driving.
(2)这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果。
The team’s success was largely due_to her efforts.

This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed_to having nicotine in it.这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
You’ll soon get accustomed to the climate here.
你不久就会习惯这儿的气候。
Gradually she grew accustomed to looking after patients.
她慢慢地习惯了照顾病人。
?归纳拓展
be/become/get/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事，相当于be used to (doing) sth.
accustom vt.使习惯于……
accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事
She found it difficult to accustom herself to doing this kind of work.她发现很难使自己习惯于做这种工作。
?完成句子
(1)他很快适应了这种新的生活方式。
He quickly became/got_accustomed_to the new way of life.
(2)她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的习惯。
She found it necessary to accustom her child to_getting up early.

Decide_on a day to quit.选择一个日子来戒烟。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Have you decided on going to America for further education?
你已决定到美国去深造了吗？
Don’t decide on important matters too quickly.
不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。
?归纳拓展
decide (not) to do sth.决定(不)做……
decide＋疑问词＋to do sth.
decide＋that-clause
decide＋sth.决定……
decide for...作出对……有利的决定
be determined to do sth.下定决心做……
?翻译句子
(1)是市场而不是销售者决定商品的价格。
It’s_not_the_seller_but_the_market_that_decides_the_price_of_goods.
(2)已经决定会议在今天举行。
It has been decided that the meeting should be held today.

Every time you feel_like_smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.每次当你想吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是个不吸烟的人了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I feel like going to Europe for a visit next summer vacation.
我好想明年暑假去欧洲旅游。
If you feel like it，how about taking a walk with me after supper?
如果你高兴的话，晚饭后陪我去散步好吗？
?归纳拓展
feel like还有“摸上去像……；感觉像是……”之意。
The table felt like plastic，not wood.
桌子摸上去像是塑料的，不像是木头的。
The clock said it was only eight o’clock but it felt like midnight.时钟显示的时间只有8点钟，但感觉像是午夜。
feel like，would like
would like与feel like意思很相近，但用法却不同。feel like后面常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，构成feel like(doing) sth.结构；而would like一般接名词、动词不定式，构成would like (to do) sth.或would like sb. to do sth.的句式。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)我想要一杯咖啡。
I feel_(would)_like a cup of coffee.
(2)我回到英国时感觉非常陌生。
When I came back to England，I felt_like a stranger.
1It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.在我这个年纪，依然很健康，能一下午骑车二十公里，这是令人吃惊的。
?用法点拨
It is not easy to finish the work in two days.
两天内完成这项工作不是很容易。
It is surprising that she should say so.
她竟然这么说，真令人惊讶。
It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.
你有必要参加会议。
?归纳拓展
It is＋形容词＋that 从句，真正的主语是 that 从句。常见的用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构还有：
It is a fact /a shame/a pity/no wonder...＋that-clause...
It is said/reported/decided/suggested...＋that-clause...
It seems/happened/doesn’t matter/has turned out...＋that-clause...
?翻译句子
(1)真遗憾你没有读过这本书。
It_is_a_pity_that_you_didn’t_read_the_book.
(2)据说他是个好老师。
It_is_said_that_he_is_a_good_teacher.
2 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,remind yourself that you are a non?smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，告诫自己是个非吸烟者。
?用法点拨
Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.
每次我遇到麻烦，他总是帮我解决。
Every/Each time I called on him，he was busy with his work.每次我去看他，他总是在忙着工作。
The first time I climbed onto the wall，I felt a little nervous.
我第一次爬上墙时，感到有点紧张。
Next time you come，you’ll see him.
你下次来时就会看到他。
?归纳拓展
名词词组作连词引导时间状语从句。最常用的有几种情况：every/each/any time；the＋序数词＋time，(the) next time；the moment/instant/minute，etc.(一……就……)；the＋day/week/month/year，etc.。
?完成句子
(1)下次来时务必带上你的儿子。
Next_time_you_come，do remember to bring your son here.
(2)她最后一次看到 James时，他躺在床上。
The_last_time_she_saw James，he was lying in bed.
爷爷的忠告
亲爱的詹姆士：
今天这儿的天气很好。现在我正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下呢。我刚刚才回来，骑自行车跑了很长一段路，一直到了古城堡。感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
这就是我写信给你的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在很难把它戒掉。相信我吧，我知道，吸烟容易戒烟难。你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。
这儿我想顺便问你一个问题，你知道上瘾有三个方面的原因吗？首先，你会在身体上对尼古丁有瘾，它是香烟里几百种化学物质之一。这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁，一旦你的体内没有这种麻醉剂了，你就会有断瘾症状，我记得曾感到烦燥、甚至痛苦。其次你也可能因为习惯的原因而上瘾。你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你就会自动地做它。最后，你可以心理上瘾。我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就以为抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒烟就很难。但是我终于还是戒掉了。
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。例如，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道吸烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻或在某些方面不正常。我更不知道，我自己吸烟还会损害那些不吸烟人的健康。然而我的的确确知道，我的女朋友觉得我的烟味很难闻。她说我的呼吸、我的衣服都有味道，而且我的手指头都变黄了。她说在我把烟戒掉之前她是不会同我一起外出的。我也发现我跑步很快就气喘，也不像以前那样爱好运动了。而当我因为不健康而被校足球队除名之后，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。
我把我从网上找到的一些忠告寄给你，也许对你戒烟和坚定决心会有所帮助。我的确希望你把烟戒掉，因为我希望你能像我这样活得健康长寿。 爱你的爷爷！
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．John changed from a friendly and cheerful young boy into a confused adolescent(青少年)．
2．The door opened automatically(自动地) as we approached.
3．Mary spends all her spare time in reading and we all say that she is addicted to reading.
4．I’m a northerner，so I am not accustomed(适应) to the kind of food that southerners often eat.
5．She was ashamed of her obesity so she decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.
6．Because the final exam is coming，most students are under a lot of stress(压力)．
7．I wish you’d all quit(停止) complaining.
8．The new law will come into effect from next month.
Ⅱ.短语填空
due to;addicted to;ashamed of;accustomed to;decide on;over and over again;feel like;reach for
1．Do you feel_like shopping with me?
2．I was ashamed_of having lied to my teacher.
3．The game was put off due_to the rain.
4．I read the report over_and_over_again，till I almost knew it by heart.
5．My parents have decided_on buying the red shoes for my birthday.
6．He has been accustomed_to the life in the mountains from his earliest boyhood.
7．He is seriously addicted_to these drugs.
8．He turned round and reached_for the phone.
Ⅲ.用恰当的介、副词填空
1．What’s the problem with the method?
2．He has been accustomed to managing the store.
3．He eventually gave up his idea due to the bad weather.
4．I really feel like staying at home today.
5．In spite of her wounded leg，she succeeded in covering the distance.
6．With a lot of work to do，he had to work all day.
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．He has the habit of staying up late and getting up late.
He is accustomed/used_to staying up late and getting up late.
2．He is so strong that he can lift a heavy stone.
He is strong enough to lift such a heavy stone.
3．His son is so interested in playing computer games that he spends all his free time playing them.
His son is addicted to computer games.
4．What she said made him change his mind.
She managed to persuade him.
5．The heavy rain couldn’t stop them from going out.
In spite of the heavy rain，they still went out.
6．My younger sister failed in the entrance exam because of her carelessness.
My younger sister failed in the entrance exam due to her carelessness.
Ⅴ.单项填空
1．He was ________ of having asked such a silly question.
A．ashamed B．shame C．sorry D．regret
答案　A
解析　be ashamed of...因……而羞愧。
2．Dr. Smith quitted ________ to have dinner.
A．researching B．researched
C．to research D．to researched
答案　A
解析　quit后跟doing形式作宾语。
3．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessary ________ and effect.
A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause
答案　D
解析　cause and effect为固定短语，意为“因果关系”。句意为：根据最新研究，过量饮用咖啡与心脏病之间没有必然的因果关系。
4．The English teacher laid particular ________ the need of reading aloud.
A．stress on B．importance
C．stress to D．attention
答案　A
解析　句意为：老师特别强调了大声朗读的重要性。lay stress on强调。
5．The heating system here has an ________ temperature control.
A．automobile B．autumn C．automatic D．aural
答案　C
解析　考查词义辨析。automobile汽车；automatic自动的；aural听觉的。句意为：这里的加热系统可以自动调节温度。根据题意，知C项正确。
6．He fell ill and ________ died.
A．constantly B．eventually C．especially D．essentially
答案　B
解析　副词词义辨析。constantly经常地；eventually最终；especially尤其；essentially根本上。B项符合题意。
7．A ________ hospital has just been set up here.
A．mental B．metal C．mortal D．moral
答案　A
解析　句意为：这儿刚建了一家精神医院。
8．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ________ it.
A．in favour of B．in memory of
C．in honour of D．in search of
答案　A
解析　句意为：我姐姐反对我的建议而我哥哥赞同。in favour of支持，赞同；in memory of为纪念……；in honour of为纪念……，为了向……表示敬意；in search of寻找……。
9．I feel like ________ to the cinema tonight and I would like you ________ me company.
A．going；to keep B．going；keeping
C．to go；to keep D．to go；keeping
答案　A
解析　feel like (doing) sth.想要(干)……；would like sb. to do sth.想要让某人做……。
10．If your race car isn’t insured，you may ________ losing everything when it hits something solid.
A．delay B．deny C．avoid D．risk
答案　D
解析　句意为：如果你的赛车没有被投保，碰上硬东西时，你就可能冒失去一切的风险。delay耽搁；deny否定；avoid避免；risk冒风险。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Recent studies show that only one out of three people have strong and healthy self-confidence.That __1__ two out of every three people simply don’t know the __2__ they already have to be successful when it’s __3__ there in their hands！__4__ if you want others to believe in you，you have to believe in yourself first.Remember：“No one can make you feel inferior unless you __5__ them”．A successful businessman says，“You can’t push anyone up a ladder __6__ he knows he can climb himself.”
Many of us have an image __7__，the image we have of ourselves.__8__ one guy puts it：“You can’t win a horse race if you think you look __9__ on a horse.” To succeed，the first person you have to __10__ is yourself！So stop believing your own lies about yourself.Just __11__ your mind and you’ll change your life.
One of the most harmful weapons that can kill your success in life are the two little words：“__12__”You know that people used to __13__ that if human beings traveled faster than 30 miles an hour it would __14__ our circulation of blood and kill us.Thank goodness a few people didn’t believe that __15__ thinking，or we wouldn’t be riding in cars，buses，and flying in airplanes today.You’ll never know until you __16__.
Roger Bannister was the first human being to run a mile in less than 4 minutes.But __17__ he did it，most people in the world didn’t think it was even __18__.Yet only weeks after Bannister did it，suddenly __19__ all over the world began running a mile in less than 4 minutes！If we believe something can be done，we’ll __20__ do it.
1．A.means B．reflects C．reads D．explains
答案　A
解析　mean意味着，意思是；reflect反映；read读；explain解释。结合原文，第二句是对第一句的解释，A项最符合逻辑。
2．A.chance B．strength C．ability D．reason
答案　C
解析　ability能力。结合整句话来看，ability用在此处最适合。
3．A.immediately B．properly
C．accurately D．right
答案　D
解析　句意为：这就意味着有三分之二的人虽然已经拥有了获得成功的能力，但他们却不知道。right恰好；immediately立即；properly适当的；accurately确切地。
4．A.Because B．But C．What D．While
答案　B
解析　结合上下文，此处应表转折。
5．A.let B．challenge C．admit D．make
答案　A
解析　句意为：没有人能使你感到自卑。除非你给了别人这个权力。
6．A.if B．except C．until D．unless
答案　D
解析　句意为：你不能推任何人上梯子，除非他自己觉得能爬上去。
7．A.quiz B．question C．problem D．mystery
答案　C
解析　problem问题；quiz测验；question疑问；mystery秘密。句意为：我们很多人有形象问题，就是对自我形象的认识。
8．A.When B．As C．While D．Since
答案　B
解析　as正如。
9．A.curious B．good-looking
C．serious D．funny
答案　D
解析　funny滑稽可笑的；curious好奇的；good-looking相貌好看的；serious严肃的。句意为：正如有人说：“如果你觉得自己骑马的样子滑稽可笑，你就不可能赢得赛马。”
10．A.beat B．knock C．strike D．defend
答案　A
解析　beat战胜，打败；knock敲击；strike打击；defend保护。句意为：要想成功，你要战胜的第一个人就是你自己。
11．A.settle B．bend C．change D．fix
答案　C
解析　句意为：你不要再欺骗自己了，改变你的思维就会改变你的生活。
12．A.I failed. B．Not me.
C．Can I? D．I can’t.
答案　D
解析　文章的中心就是要相信自己能行(I can)。句意为：生活中断送成功最致命的武器之一就是几个字：“我不能。”
13．A.imagine B．think C．suspect D．doubt
答案　B
解析　人们过去曾以为……。
14．A.start B．help C．stop D．quit
答案　C
解析　句意为：人们曾经以为步行速度超过每小时30英里，人就会因血液循环停止而死亡。
15．A.silly B．empty C．reasonable D．terrible
答案　A
解析　句意为：幸好一些人不信这个愚蠢的说法，否则，今天我们就不可能坐汽车、公共汽车和飞机了。
16．A.judge B．realize C．understand D．try
答案　D
解析　try尝试，努力；judge判断。句意为：不试，你就永远不会知道。
17．A.after B．before C．since D．because
答案　B
解析　结合整句话，应是表示在他达到此速度“之前”。
18．A.likely B．unbelievable
C．possible D．impossible
答案　C
解析　句意为：但在他达到此速度之前，当时世界上的大多数人都认为这是不可能的。
19．A.workers B．runners
C．competitors D．players
答案　B
解析　句意为：可就在本尼斯特破了纪录之后的几个星期内，突然间，不用4分钟就跑完1英里的人世界上到处都是。
20．A.simply B．seldom C．always D．usually
答案　D
解析　usually通常；simply仅仅；seldom很少；always总是。句意为：如果我们相信自己能做到，往往我们就能做到。
　Unit 4　Global warming
Period One　Warming-Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
Make a list of the things that consume energy in your home，school，or any other places you can think of.列举一些在家里、学校里或者其他你能想到的地方消耗能量的东西。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The car consumes a lot of fuel.这辆汽车很费燃料。
She consumed the big cake.她把那块大蛋糕吃光了。
?归纳拓展
consumer n．消费者
consumption n．消费(量)，消耗(量)
time-consuming adj.耗费时间的
consumer goods(家用)消费品
consuming adj.使人全神贯注的；强烈的
?翻译句子
(1)新的灯泡耗电量更小。
The_new_light_bulbs_consume_less_electricity.
(2)足球让许多孩子都非常着迷
Football_is_a_consuming_passion_for_lots_of_kids.
2
So how has this come about and does it matter?
那么这是如何产生的，有什么要紧吗？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
 whether he is satisfied.
他满意与否对我关系不大(不重要)。
?归纳拓展
matter可用作名词，意为“物质，物品；要紧，重要性；问题，毛病(与with连用)”。
organic (inorganic) matter有机(无机)物
Any kind of matter has three states.
任何物质都有三种状态。
It makes no matter to us whether he will come.
他来不来对我们无关紧要。
a matter of ……的事情/问题
as a matter of fact＝in fact事实上
no matter whether (if)不管是否
?翻译句子
(1)他问我出了什么事。
He_asked_me_what_was_the_matter.
(2)他问我那是什么东西(物质)
He_asked_me_what_the_matter_was.
3
All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy.所有的科学家都支持地球温度升高是由于燃烧像煤、天然气和石油等化石燃料来制造能量而引起的这种观点。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Chris subscribes to an environmental action group.
克里斯定期捐款给一个环保行动组织。
We don’t subscribe to the view that we have failed.
我们不同意我们已经失败了的观点。
What newspaper do you subscribe to?
你订阅哪份报纸？
?归纳拓展
subscribe to...订阅(报纸或杂志)；同意，赞同……；向……捐款
subscribe for...认购(股票)
subscription n.
?完成句子
(1)我们订阅所有主要的医学杂志。
We subscribe_to all the main medical journals.
(2)你同意这个建议吗？
Do you subscribe_to the proposal?
4
This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere，like carbon dioxide...即当大气中微量气体像二氧化碳……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
A million dollars is a large amount of money to me.
100万美元对我来说是一笔巨款。
No amount of discussion will help.
再多的讨论也没有帮助。
?归纳拓展
＋不可数名词，大量/少量的……
the amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
a large amount of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
large amounts of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用复数
?完成句子
(1)账单上金额总计多少？
What is the_amount of the bill?
(2)一定的压力可以是好事。
A_certain_amount of stress can be a good thing.
5
The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.
就食物而言，他讲究量不讲究质。
Quantities of food and tents were sent to Wenchuan from Shandong.
大量的食品和帐篷被从山东运到汶川。
?归纳拓展
in quantity大量
quantities of＋＋复数谓语动词 许多的，大量的
a quantity of＋ 许多的，大量的
?完成句子
(1)房间里有许多老鼠。
There are quantities_of rats in the room.
(2)那家印刷公司成批买纸。
The printing office buys paper in_quantity.
6
It means that more heat energy tends_to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味着更多的热能会被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
She tends to get angry too easily.她很容易生气。
Mom was usually busy tending (to) my younger sisters.
妈妈通常要忙于照顾我的妹妹们。
?归纳拓展
tend to do sth.往往……；趋向于……
tend (to) sb./sth.照顾……；看护……
tend towards有……倾向
tendency n.
tendentious adj.
?翻译句子
(1)健身房6点钟左右往往很忙。
The_gym_tends_to_get_very_busy_at_about_six_o’clock.
(2)一队军医在照看伤员。
A_team_of_army_doctors_were_tending_the_wounded.
7
In fact，Hambley states，“More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing...”实际上，汉姆布雷说：“更多的二氧化碳是一件好事……”(回归课本)
?用法点拨
state v．陈述，说明，阐明，往往是“详细陈述”之意，是正式用词，其名词形式为statement(陈述)。
He didn’t state whether the information was true.
他没有说明信息是否属实。
“Jemma is going back with me，”George stated firmly.
“杰玛会和我一起回去，”乔治坚决地说。
?归纳拓展
state a fact/opinion陈述事实/观点
state the obvious陈述显而易见的事
state n．状态，状况，情形；政府；州，邦
The child’s poor state of health makes his parents anxious.
孩子健康欠佳使得父母很焦虑。
If elected，they want to cut back the powers of the state.
如果当选，他们要削减政府的权力。
?完成句子
(1)图书馆里一切井然有序。
Everything in the library is in a_state_of_order.
(2)候选人在一系列的会议上陈述了他们的情况。
The candidates stated their case at a series of meetings.
8range n．种类，范围；一系列；变化的幅度；界限；射程
“...it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.”“……，还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人们的生活。”(回归课本)
?用法点拨
This store sells a wide range/wide ranges of TV sets.
这家商店出售各种型号的电视机。
The price of the house is well beyond our range.
房子的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围。
?归纳拓展
in/within range (of sth.)(……的)范围之内
out of range (of sth.)(……的)范围之外
range还可以用作动词，表示“(在一定范围内)变化、变动；排列，整理；涉及”。
Costs range from 50 to several hundred pounds.
花费在50英镑到九百英镑之间。
They asked questions ranging over the whole subject of science.
他们所提的问题广泛涉及整个自然科学领域。
Boxes of books were ranged against the wall.
成箱的书靠墙排列着。
?完成句子
(1)这些汽车的价格在5万美元和12万美元之间。
The prices of the cars range_from 50,000 dollars to 120,000 dollars.
(2)请将货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里。
Please range the goods neatly in the shop window.
9
So how has this come_about and does it matter？那么这是如何发生的，是否要紧？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The driver wouldn’t tell me how the accident came about.
司机就是不告诉我事故是怎么发生的。
The situation should never have come about.
这种情况本来不应该发生的。
?归纳拓展
come across偶遇；穿越
come back回来；重新流行
come down降下；减低；传下来；崩塌
come in进来；到达
come out出来；开花；出版；结果是……
come up上来；被提出讨论；发芽(无被动式)
come up with追上，赶上，不落后
come to结果达到；总数达到；苏醒
come along进展，进行

?完成句子
(1)你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
Can you tell me how the accident came_about?
(2)我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。
I’ll never understand how_it_came_about that you made such a mistake.
10
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted_in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还认为是由于越来越多的燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The fire resulted in eleven people being killed and the destruction of the factory.
火灾造成了十一人死亡，工厂被烧毁。
The fresh policy results in economic development.
那项新政策促进经济发展。
?归纳拓展
result是不及物动词，与in连用，表示“引起某种结果”，句子的主语是原因，in的宾语是结果。
result from “由于……而造成的后果”，后接导致某事的原因
result in后接某事的结果
as a result为固定词组，意为“结果，因此”，在句中作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和句子隔开
as a result of...作为……的结果
without result毫无结果地
?完成句子
(1)他们的争端导致了战争。
Their dispute resulted_in war.
(2)成功源于努力工作。
Success results_from hard work.
11
On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are_opposed_to this view，...另一方面，有一些人反对这种观点，像汉姆布雷，……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
I am opposed to the new plan.我反对这项新计划。
They were firmly opposed to helping the bad boy.
他们坚决反对帮助这个坏男孩。
?归纳拓展
be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)……
as opposed to与……不同；而不是
opposing adj.对立的；截然相反的
oppose vt.反对；抵制
?翻译句子
(1)他强烈反对这场战争。
He_was_bitterly_opposed_to_the_war.
(2)一些居民反对以马丁·路德·金的名字命名这所高中。
Some_residents_were_opposed_to_naming_the_high_school_after_Martin_Luther_King.
12
Greenhouse gases continue to build_up in the atmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Traffic is building up车辆在增多。
This built up my hope after the interview.
面试过后增加了我的希望。
?归纳拓展
build up one’s health增进健康
build up a good reputation树立良好的声誉
build up the business扩大企业
build up a picture of...构思……；设想……
build bridges沟通
?完成句子
(1)她白手起家，生意逐渐兴隆。
She built the business up from nothing.
(2)体育运动能增强我们的体质。
Sports and games can build_up_our_bodies.
1
?用法点拨
There is no doubt that you will succeed if you try your best.
毫无疑问如果你尽最大努力你一定会成功。
There is no doubt that Americans are deep in love with the computer.毫无疑问，美国人已深深爱上了电脑。
I have no doubt that we shall be able to do something for you.
毫无疑问，我们能为你做点事。
?归纳拓展
在 There is/I have no doubt 后常可跟 that 引导的从句；在肯定句中，doubt 后面有时可跟 whether 引导的从句。There is no/some room for doubt... 没有怀疑余地/有可疑处……
常用结构：
There is no knowing/telling...没法知道/说……
There is no need...没有必要……
There is no question...……是没有问题的
There is no reason...没有理由……
There is no possibility that没有可能……
It is no/small wonder that /No wonder that... 难怪……
It is a wonder that...真奇怪/真是令人惊奇……
?句型转换
(1)It is certain that he will come back at once.
There is no doubt that he will be back in no time.
I have no doubt that he will be back immediately.
I have no doubt of his coming back before long.
There is no room for doubt that he will be back soon.
(2)He doesn’t need to stay in Paris any more.
There is no need for him to remain in Paris any more.
2“We can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect,...”“我们预报气候不够准确以至于不能知道要发生的事……”?
?用法点拨
She doesn’t sing well enough to be a singer.
她唱得不够好以至于不能成为歌唱家。
I don’t know him well enough to tell what he wants.
我对他不太了解以至于无法说出他要什么。
?
归纳拓展
not...enough to do sth.要译成“不够……以至于不能……”；enough表示它前面的形容词、副词的程度，不定式表示由此产生的结果或行动，enough后面不能接that从句。
so...as to...(表示结果)如此……以致……
so...that...(引起结果从句，口语中可省略that)如此……以致……
such...as to...这样……以致……
such...that...(可省略that)如此……以致……
so that(引起目的从句，常与may，can，will连用；从句在后，从句前无逗号)为了，以便；(也可引起结果从句，从句前可用逗号隔开)因此
?句型转换
(1)She is so young that she can’t go to school.
She is not old enough to go to school.
She is so young as not to go to school.
She is such a young girl that she can’t go to school.
(2)Are you so naive as to imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?
Are you naive enough_to imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?
Are you so naive that you will imagine this is not taking place elsewhere?
全球在变暖——这会带来什么影响吗？
在20世纪期间，地球温度大约上升了华氏1度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响呢？“关爱地球”组织的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖(见表一，略)，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为‘温室效应’的自然现象。这种现象发生在大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸汽等)吸收太阳的热量，使地球变暖的时候。如果没有这种‘温室效应’，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要这些气体。当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。”
我们知道，在过去100～150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957～1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从315/1 000 000上升到370/1 000 000。(见表二，略)
所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到1～1.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。
然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为气温升高5度的趋势可能是一场大灾难，她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疫病和物种的绝灭。在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它使植物成长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大
呢？

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Our country is making efforts to switch from coal to a cleaner fuel.
2．This store sells a wide range(种类) of TV sets.
3．If you compare British football with American football，you’ll find many differences.
4．A child who can remember 3,000 English words at the age of 3 would be called an unusual phenomenon(现象)．
5．The food was enough in quantity(数量)，but not very good in quality.
6．Though he is less than one year old，he is strong enough to walk steadily.
7．In consequence of a terrible earthquake the whole city was destroyed.
8．Do you know when this word came into existence(存在)?
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.The flood has resulted_in many thousands of deaths in that area.
2．How did this terrible traffic accident come_about?
3．Every year our school subscribes_to many magazines and newspapers for teachers and students.
4．Please put up your hands if you are_opposed_to the final decision.
5．In the last few months the price of goods is going_up.
6．I can’t finish the work within three days even_if I work day and night.
7．If you keep_on studying English hard，you will get high marks in the exam.
8．They were building_up their military strength for a drive against the city.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives.
It_is energy that we depend on to do many things in our daily lives.
2．A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants.
A greenhouse made of glass is used for growing plants.
3．It is certain that our teacher will get over his illness in a month.
There is no doubt that our teacher will get over his illness in a month.
4．The air inside the greenhouse is warm because the glass traps the heat from the sun.
The air inside the greenhouse is warm because of the glass trapping the heat from the sun.
5．It was so dark that he could hardly see the faces of his companions.
It was not light enough for him to see the faces of his companions.
6．Not only his friends but also Mr. White was invited to the party.
Mr. White as well as his friends was invited to the party.
Ⅳ.用恰当的介、副词填空
1．What other things do we use energy for?
2．A greenhouse is made of glass and is used for growing plants，especially during cold weather.
3．Any damage resulting from carelessness must be paid for.
4．Can you explain to me how it came about?
5．Their pressure on the enemy is building up.
6．Don’t keep on asking silly questions.
Ⅴ.单项填空
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．How does it________that you didn’t report the theft until two days after it occurred?
A．come across B．come about
C．came into D．come along
答案　B
解析　come about“发生”，相当于happen。How does /did it come about that...？是一固定句式，意为“……怎么发生的？”。
2．—Wait until we get a satisfactory reply，will you?
— ________.The idea sounds great to me.
A．I don’t think so B．It’s up to you
C．It couldn’t be any worse D．I couldn’t agree more
答案　D
解析　考查交际用语。从上下文可知对上文的提议很是赞同，D项I couldn’t agree more“我再同意不过了”，是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。A、B、C三选项均不符合题意。
3．The teacher glanced________that student who was busy drawing a picture.
A．about B．to C．at D．by
答案　C
解析　glance at为一固定搭配，意为“匆匆看一眼，瞥一眼”。
4．With no rain for three months and food supplies________out，the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
A．run B．running C．to run D．to be run
答案　B
解析　run out“用光，耗尽”，为一不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，故排除掉D项；由于题干为with的复合结构，排除A项；run out用进行时态表将来，所以选择B项running这一现在分词形式。
5．—Were all the three people in the car injured in the accident?
—No，________only the two passengers who got hurt.
A．it was B．there is C．it were D．there was
答案　A
解析　考查强调句型这一知识点。
6．________other good students，the teacher thinks，Hank is a more satisfying student.
A．Comparing with B．Comparing to
C．Compared with D．To compare with
答案　C
解析　考查动词短语compare with/to的非谓语动词形式的用法，常用其过去分词形式放在句首作状语。
7．—I’m not at all satisfied with the shoes I bought in your shop yesterday.
—________
A．What’s the matter?
B．Certainly.
C．You can’t change another pair.
D．How can you say that?
答案　A
解析　考查交际用语。根据上下文可知，只能选择A项，意为“什么事？”“怎么了？”，其他选项不符合语境。
8．Du Li’s failure in her first shooting match________her nerves.
A．resulted in B．resulted from
C．is resulted in D．as a result
答案　B
解析　result in“导致”“致使”；result from“起因于”“由……导致”；as a result“结果”。根据句意“杜丽在第一次射击比赛中的失败是由于她的紧张”知应选B。
9．I have no doubt________we shall be able to do something for you.
A．that B．if C．whether D．why
答案　A
解析　have no doubt that...“……没有疑问”；在否定句中，引导词用that。
10．Exercise________our muscles，so does thinking to our minds.
A．builds B．build C．builds up D．build up
答案　C
解析　build up“增进健康”“锻炼体质”；build“建造”“建设”；exercise作“运动，体格锻炼”讲时为不可数名词。根据句意“运动锻炼我们的肌肉，同样地，思考锻炼我们的头脑”可知，选项C正确。
11．His interests________from sports to music.
A．range B．extend C．go D．change
答案　A
解析　range“(在……范围内)变化”。根据句意“从运动到音乐；他的兴趣广泛”可知，A项正确。
12．He’s got himself into a dangerous situation________he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A．where B．which C．while D．why
答案　A
解析　定语从句的先行词为situation，stage, activity，point等时，引导词常用where。
Ⅵ.完形填空
Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa.__1__ I last met this man eight years ago，I have not forgotten his __2__ qualities.First of all，I respected his __3__ to teaching.Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered，students crowded into his classroom.His followers liked the fact that he __4__ what he taught.Furthermore，he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an __5__ way，introducing such aids(辅助) to __6__ as oil paintings，music，and guest lectures.Once he __7__ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.__8__，I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them __9__ the telephone.Drinking coffee in the cafe，he would easily make friends with students.Sometimes he would __10__ a student to a game of chess(国际象棋)．__11__，he would join student groups to discuss a variety of __12__：agriculture，diving and mathematics.Many young people visited him in his office for __13__ on their studies；others came to his home for social evening.Finally，I was __14__ by his lively sense of humor(幽默)．He believed that no lesson is a success __15__，during it，the students and the professor __16__ at least one loud __17__.Through his sense of humor，he made learning more __18__ and more lasting.If it is __19__ that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry，__20__ my friend is indeed a wise man.
1．A.Although B．When C．Even if D．Now that
答案　A
解析　因为是让步关系，故选A。
2．A.basic B．special C．common D．particular
答案　D
解析　时光已过8年仍然记忆犹新，则此教授必有“与众不同”之处。particular常表示“特定的”之意，所以选D。
3．A.attention B．introduction
C．relation D．devotion
答案　D
解析　固定短语devote (devotion) to。
4．A.insisted on B．talked about
C．believed in D．agreed with
答案　C
解析　他对自己的课深信不疑才能讲得头头是道。其他几个意义不合适。
5．A.imaginative B．ordinary
C．opposite D．open
答案　A
解析　有时用工具，甚至有时要在课堂上唱歌，这种讲课方式不能不说是有想象力的，所以用imaginative。
6．A.listening B．understanding
C．information D．discovery
答案　B
解析　用各种办法的目的当然是为了理解understanding。
7．A.also B．nearly C．even D．only
答案　C
解析　even甚至。
8．A.Later B．Secondly
C．However D．Therefore
答案　B
解析　与前面的first of all相对应，表示“其次”。
9．A.with B．by C．from D．on
答案　D
解析　on the phone/telephone“在通话中”，为固定词组。
10．A.invite B．lead C．prefer D．show
答案　A
解析　根据常识，一般情况下是请别人下棋，故用invite。
11．A.As a matter of fact B．Later on
C．Other times D．In general
答案　C
解析　与sometimes前后照应。
12．A.questions B．subjects C．matters D．contents
答案　B
解析　agriculture，diving and mathematics都是谈论的话题，故选B。
13．A.support B．explanation
C．experience D．advice
答案　D
解析　很多年轻人向他请教，所以用advice。
14．A.disturbed B．moved C．attracted D．defeated
答案　C
解析　根据上下文，幽默给作者留下了最深的印象，所以选C。
15．A.for B．until C．since D．unless
答案　D
解析　unless除非，符合句意。
16．A.hear B．suggest C．share D．demand
答案　C
解析　教授认为：双方都发出会心的笑才能说明课是成功的，所以选C。
17．A.laugh B．cry C．shout D．question
答案　A
解析　根据引题的解释可知。
18．A.helpful B．enjoyable C．practical D．useful
答案　B
解析　他的幽默风格能使他的课有意思，所以应是B。
19．A.natural B．normal C．hopeful D．true
答案　D
解析　这句话的意思是：如果“生活能使智者笑、愚者泣”这种说法是正确的，那么我的朋友就是一位智者。
20．A.so B．for C．then D．yet
答案　C 解析　参考上面的解释。
Unit 5　The power of nature
Period One　Warming-Up，Pre-reading and Reading
1
It shows a volcano erupting.它显示的是火山喷发的情形。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
An active volcano may erupt at any time.活火山会随时喷发。
Violence erupted on the street after the football match.
足球赛后大街上突然发生了暴乱。
?归纳拓展
erupt into laughter/anger/tears，etc.突然大笑/大怒/大哭起来等
eruption n.
erupt，explode，burst
erupt“喷出；爆发”，强调突然发生，也可用作比喻意义。
explode“爆炸；爆发”，指混合物点燃后空气突然膨胀而释放出大量的热能，同时发出巨响。用作比喻时表示一种感情的突然释放或表示对事物的破坏，消灭。
burst“爆炸；爆发”，强调在强大的压力作用下突然释放出能量。也可用作比喻意义，指人感情的宣泄。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)当萨莉把这件事用动作表演出来的时候，房间里突然爆发出一片笑声。
The room erupted_into_laughter as Sally acted out the incident.
(2)这种游戏就是让孩子们把气球坐爆。
It’s a game in which children try to burst balloons by sitting on them.
2
Sometimes working outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using scientific equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists，I am never bored.有时在户外工作，有时在办公室，有时工作中要用科学设备，有时要会见当地百姓和游客，但我从未感到厌烦。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
摄影室的装备很昂贵。
We are in great need of medical equipment.
我们非常需要医疗设备。
?归纳拓展
equip v．装备，配备
a piece of equipment一件设备
camping/lifting /safety equipment露营装备/起重设备/安全装置
equip sb./sth.with sth.给某人/某物配备或装备某物
equip sb./sth.for...为某人/某物装备……
well/fully equipped设施齐全的；装备好的
badly/poorly equipped装备差的
?完成句子
(1)没有足够的钱为他们配备最新的电脑系统。
There is not enough money to equip them with the latest computer systems.
(2)计算机是你将要买的最重要的一件设备。
A computer is the most important piece_of_equipment you will buy.
3
I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.二十年前我被任命为一名火山学家，在夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The company appointed him chief financial officer.
该公司任命他为财务总监。
Lisa Lore was appointed as our headmaster.
莉萨·洛尔被任命为我们的校长。
We must appoint a day to meet again.
我们要约定好下次会面的日期。
?归纳拓展
appoint sb.任命某人
appoint sb.as/to be任命某人担任……
appoint sb.to do sth.指定某人做某事
appointment n．任命；约会
keep/break one’s appointment守约/失约
make/fix an appointment with与……约会
?佳句背诵
(1)我们需要任命一名新的校秘书。
We need to appoint a new school secretary.
(2)他在约定的时间到达埃拉的办公室。
He arrived at Ella’s office at the appointed time.
(3)我想跟医生预约一下时间。
I’d like to make an appointment with the doctor.
4
Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流出，流速是多少。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The school has been open for only six months，so it’s hard to evaluate its success.
该学校开办了仅6个月，所以难以评估它的成就。
You should evaluate your chances of success before making a decision.作出决定前，你应该估计成功的机会。
?归纳拓展
evaluation n．评价；评估
evaluate water quality评价水质
evaluate one’s ability估计某人的能力
evaluation method/factor评价方法/因素
evaluate，estimate，value
evaluate很少用来表示“估算，估计”某物的市场价值，而是用来表示“评价”。
estimate表示“估算”，只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。
The police estimated the crowd at 30,000.
警方估计聚集的人有3万。
value表示“估计”某物的价值，价格．
The property was valued at over 5 million dollars.
这处房地产估价为500多万美元。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?翻译句子
(1)我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价。
We_need_to_evaluate_how_well_the_policy_is_working.
(2)现在评价实验的结果还为时过早。
It’s_too_early_to_evaluate_the_result_of_the_experiment.
5
It was an absolutely fantastic sight.真是绝妙的奇景。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
He’s an absolutely brilliant pianist.
他是一位绝对出色的钢琴家。
You can trust her absolutely.
你可以完全信任她。
?归纳拓展
absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；没有比较级，不被表示程度的副词，如very修饰，但可用nearly等修饰。
absolute zero绝对零度
absolute majority绝对多数，超过半数
absolute trust完全信任
absolute proof确切证据
?完成句子
(1)——你同意我的意见吗？—Do you agree with me?
——完全同意。—Absolutely.
(2)美不能用任何绝对的标准来衡量。
Beauty can’t be measured by any absolute_standard.
6
We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Mitchell wore a suit and tie to the Christmas party.
米切尔穿着套装，打着领带去参加圣诞聚会。
Does this skirt suit me?
这条裙子我穿着好看吗？
He tried to suit his performance to the audience.
他尽力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。
?归纳拓展
suitable adj.适宜的，适合的，恰当的
be suitable for/to sth./sb.适于某物/某人
be suitable to do sth.适合做……
fit，suit，match
fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合适。
suit指衣服等颜色、款式、花样等适合。
match意为“使相称，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色调、性质等方面的搭配。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)该表演不太适合少儿观看。
The show is not suitable_for young children.
(2)人民大会堂和历史博物馆衬托得天安门极其宏伟。
The People’s Great Hall and the Historical Museum match the Tian’anmen beautifully.
7
...，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.……，我仍然惊羡于它们的美丽以及它们潜在的破坏性。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
The disease is a potential killer.
该疾病是潜在的杀手。
Our common goal is to maximize our potential for economic growth.
我们共同的目标就是最大程度地发挥经济增长的潜力。
?归纳拓展
potentially adv.
realize/reach one’s (full) potential(充分)发挥/体现潜能
potential energy势能
?完成句子
(1)作为作曲家，她还没有把她的潜能发挥出来。
As a composer，she still hasn’t_realized her potential.
(2)这起冲突是一个潜在的严重问题。
The conflict is a potentially_serious situation.
8
What does the writer find impressive about volcanoes even after studying them for many years？在研究火山许多年以后，关于火山作者觉得给人印象深刻的是什么？(回归课本)
?用法点拨
His collection of paintings is most impressive.
他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止。
Their achievement is pretty impressive.
他们的成就非常令人钦佩。
?归纳拓展
impress v．给人印象
impression n．印象
impress sb.with sth.以……给人深刻印象
impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事物
be impressed by/at/with...对……印象深刻
What impressed sb.most was...给某人印象最深的是……
?翻译句子
(1)父亲要我铭记努力工作的意义。
Father_impressed_on_me_the_value_of_hard_work.
(2)这本书给我们印象最深的是它生动的语言。
What_impressed_us_most_about_the_book_was_its_vivid_language.
9
Unfortunately，we can not move their homes out_of_the_way，...遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路，……(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Would you move your car out of my way?
你能把你的车开到一边吗？
The citizens moved out of the way to let the soldiers pass.
市民们让出一条路让战士们过去。
?归纳拓展
by the way顺便说；附带说
by way of经由；以求某事
no way没门；别想
on one’s way to...在去……的路上/途中
in the way挡路；妨碍
in a/one way在一定程度上
?完成句子
(1)不要费心开车来接我了，确实不顺路。
Don’t bother picking me up.It’s really out__of_your_way.
(2)他们取道一座有城墙的古城走过山区。
They travelled through the mountains by_way_of an ancient walled city.
10
...，and many houses have been covered with lava or burned_to_the_ground.……，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者被焚烧殆尽。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Their houses were burnt to the ground during the war.
他们的房子在战争中被烧毁了。
The tower，which was completed only a month ago，was burnt to the ground last night.
一个月前完工的那座塔昨天晚上被烧毁了。
?归纳拓展
burn away(被)烧掉；(被)烧去
burn down烧毁；(火势)减弱
burn off烧除；烧掉；消耗(能量或脂肪)
burn out(火)熄灭；烧掉
get burnt烧伤
burning adj.燃烧的；着火的
?完成句子
(1)托尔托纳城被焚为平地。
The city of Tortona was_burnt_to_the_ground.
(2)根据早期的报告，许多人被烧死在床上。
According to early reports，many people were_burnt_to_death in their beds.
11
Having experienced quite_a_few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didn’t take much notice.因为我在夏威夷已经经历过多次地震，(所以)我就没太在意。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
Quite a few books have been sent to the mountainous areas.
大量的书籍已经被运往山区。
The letter arrived quite a few days ago.
这封信是好几天前到的。
?归纳拓展
a good few相当多的；好多
as few as少至，仅有
a few more另外的几个
every few...每隔几……
no fewer than...不少于，至少
?
翻译句子
(1)每隔几天清理一下笼子。
Clean_the_cage_every_few_days.
(2)我拒绝了相当多的好工作机会。
I’ve_turned_down_a_good_few/quite_a_few_offers.
12
...，but we slowly made_our_way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.……，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。(回归课本)
?用法点拨
We managed to make our way through the excited crowd.
我们奋力从热闹的人群中挤了出来。
I am glad that he makes his way in his career.
我很高兴他在事业上有所进步。
?归纳拓展
make one’s way后常与介词to/through/towards等一起连用。
make way让路，让出地方
lose one’s way迷路
feel one’s way摸索着前行
push one’s way挤过
wind one’s way蜿蜒前进
?佳句背诵
(1)我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。
We made our way down the hill towards the town.
(2)这位科学家在他的研究领域开始有所建树。
The scientist began to make his way in his field.
1 I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
?用法点拨
be about to do...when...……正要发生，突然……
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
我正准备离开，突然电话响了。
I was about to go out when he phoned me this morning.
今天早上我正准备外出，就在这时他打电话给我。
?归纳拓展
be about to do sth.“正要/即将做某事”，不与具体表示时间的状语连用，它可与when构成固定句式。when在此为连词，意为“这时”。
be about to do sth.，be to do sth.，be going to do sth.
be about to do sth.表示眼前要做的事，即刻要做的事。
be to do sth.表示按照安排或命令将要发生或即将做某事，一般来说，这些要发生的动作均受人们的意志控制或支配。
be going to do sth.表示将来，即表示现在的意图将来去实现或表示预见。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?完成句子
(1)我明天去买东西。
I’m going to go shopping tomorrow.
(2)我们即刻动身。
We are_about to leave.
2 ...,but this being my first experience,I stayed at the top and watched them.……，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察它们。
?用法点拨
此处this being...是独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构在句法上独立于句子主体之外，跟主句没有任何句法联系，但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境；独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语；独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。
(2)独立主格结构可分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词(主格)，起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词下的状态、状况或动作。
The plan having been made，what is to be done now is how to carry it out.
计划已经制订了。现在要做的就是如何去执行。
The meeting was over，we all went home.
会议结束了，我们都回了家。
?佳句背诵
(1)他建议去野餐，由玛丽提供食物。
He suggested going for a picnic，Mary to provide the food.
(2)没有公共汽车了，我们不得不走回家。
There being no buses，we had to walk home.
一份具有刺激性的工作
我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。我跑的地方是稀罕奇特的地方，和我一道工作的人来自世界各地。(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士。但是我从来不感到工作烦人。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不在乎，因为危险能激励我，使我感到有活力。然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁——这是世界上最大的自然威力之一。
作为一名火山学家，我被派到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作。我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火山熔岩将往何处流去，流速是多少。我们的工作拯救了许多人的生命，因为熔岩要流经之地，老百姓都可以得到离开家园的通知。遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流过的地方，因此，许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。
当滚烫的岩石从火山喷发出来并撞回地面时，它所造成的损失比想象的要小些，这是因为在岩石下落的基拉韦厄火山顶附近无人居住。而顺着山坡下流的火山熔岩所造成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而火山喷发本身的确是很壮观的，我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我抵达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地干了一整天，很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床铺在摇晃，接着我听到一阵奇怪的声音，就好像一列火车在我的窗外行驶一样。因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震，所以对这种声音我并不在意。我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我赶紧跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能远远地看见基拉韦厄火山。在山的一边有火山喷发，红色发烫的岩浆像喷泉一样，朝天上喷射达几百米高。真是绝妙的奇景！
就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我有幸作了一次近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家驱车上山，到最靠近这次火山喷口的地方才下车。早先从观测站出发时就带了一些特别的安全服，于是我们穿上安全服再走近火山口。我们三个人看上去像宇航员一样，我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
如今，我和当初从事这项工作时一样满怀热情。虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Many potential(可能的)customers are waiting for a fall in price before buying.
2．These volcanoes(火山)haven’t erupted for centuries.
3．Please fill in the questionnaire(问卷，调查表)．
4．It’s impossible to evaluate(估计)the results without knowing more about the research.
5．She’s been appointed(任命，委派)to work in the new library.
6．I do actually(实际上，事实上)think that things have improved.
7．Judging from what you did，you are an absolute(完全的)fool.
8．This year people in the south have experienced more hurricanes(飓风)than ever.
Ⅱ.短语填空

1．Compared_with most women，she was indeed very fortunate.
2．You are taking_a_risk in trusting him.
3．Many buildings were burnt_to_the_ground in the big fire.
4．With these words，the speaker made_his_way towards the exit of the hall.
5．He made quite_a_few American friends when he was in New York.
6．Tom was_appointed_as their headmaster.
7．His new novel is not suitable_for young children.
8．The students moved out_of_the_way to let the old teacher pass.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation?
Have you made up your mind where to go for your summer vacation?
2．It’s getting dark.We should go back to the hotel soon.
It’s getting dark.We should make_our way to the hotel soon.
3．Many villages were completely destroyed by the fire during the war.
Many villages were burnt to the ground during the war.
4．He always wears sunglasses because sunshine is bad for his eyes.
He always wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from sunshine.
5．Because it is Sunday today，I stay at home.
It being Sunday today，I stay at home.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．We saw mountains in_the_distance(远处)．
2．However_weak(无论多么弱)we are，we are not completely powerless.
3．I was fast_asleep(熟睡)when suddenly my bed began shaking.
4．That day I was lucky enough to have a_much_closer_look_at(更加近距离地看)the volcano.
5．I was_about_to_go_out(正要出门)when it began to rain.
6．It was an absolutely_fantastic_sight(绝妙的景象)．
Ⅴ.单项填空
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．The explorers were told to ________ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.
A．associate B．equip C．treat D．feed
答案　B
解析　equip sb.with...“用……武装某人；给某人配备……”。
2．________by the________news that he had developed cancer，he didn’t know what to do.
A．Shocked；alarming B．Shocking；alarmed
C．Shocked；alarmed D．Shocking；alarming
答案　A
解析　be shocked by...“被……所震惊”；alarming“吓人的，令人忧心的”；an alarming increase in the number of burglaries“窃案惊人的增多”；而alarmed常作表语，表示“担心，害怕”，根据题意，应选A。
3．No dish________all tastes.
A．matches B．suits C．fits D．adapt to
答案　B
解析　句意为：众口难调。A项match指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称；B项suit指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”；C项fit指“大小合适”；D项adapt to指“适应……”，故B项正确。
4．—What happened to the houses that used to be here?
—They________two years ago.
A．had been caught fire
B．were on fire
C．were burned to the ground
D．had been burnt up
答案　C
解析　burn sth.to the ground“把……烧成平地”。由句中two years ago可以判断应用一般过去时，但be on fire“着火”，表状态，故选C。
5．—Who is to take the place of professor Smith?
—Our manager has decided to________a new professor named Johnson.
A．make B．appoint
C．use D．appear
答案　B
解析　由上下文可知应是“我们经理已经决定任命一个名叫Johnson的新教授”。B项符合题意。appoint sb.to be sth./as sth.“任命某人做某工作或任某职位”。
6．—Where are you going?
—I will________my way home now.
A．go B．make
C．be D．look
答案　B
解析　make one’s way to/towards“前往……”。
7．________of this new treatment can’t take place until all the data has been collected.
A．Evaluate B．To evaluate
C．To evaluating D．Evaluation
答案　D
解析　句意为：直到所有的数据都收集齐了，才能评价这一新的治疗方法。所填词语在句中作主语，只有D项形式正确。
8．This should________be seen as a defeat！In my opinion，it’s a success.
A．in a way B．in one way
C．in no way D．on the way
答案　C
解析　从下文“it’s a success”来看，应是“这不应被看作失败”。应选择具有否定意义的选项。C项in no way“决不，一点也不”，符合题意。A项in a way，B项in one way都是“在一定程度上”之意；D项on the way“在路上；即将到来”。
9．The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for Expo 2010 is strongly impressed________my memory.
A．to B．over C．by D．on
答案　D
解析　impress sth.on/upon sb.“使某人铭记某事物”。
10．The________on his face told me that he was angry.
A．impression B．sight
C．appearance D．expression
答案　D
解析　A项impression“印象，感想”；C项appearance“外貌；出现”；D项expression“表情”。
Ⅵ.完形填空
When I was a little boy，my mother used to embroider(刺绣)．I would sit at her knee and__1__from the floor and ask what she was doing.She told me that she was embroidering.
I told her that it looked like a mess from__2__I was.As from the underside I__3__her work within the round hoop(箍)that she held in her hand，I__4__that it sure looked messy from where I sat.
She would__5__at me，look down and gently say，“My son，you go about your__6__for a while，and when I__7__my embroidering，I will put you on my__8__and let you see it from my side.”
I would wonder why she was__9__some dark threads along with the bright ones and why they seemed so messy from my viewing position.A few minutes__10__and I heard Mother’s__11__，“Son，come and sit on my knee.”
This time I was very surprised and__12__to see a beautiful flower and a sunrise.I could hardly__13__it，because from underneath it looked so__14__.
Then Mother would say to me，“My son，from underneath it did look messy，__15__you did not realize that there was a plan on the__16__.It was the__17__I was following.Now look at it from my side and you will see what I was doing.”
__18__when I remembered what Mother said，I understood how__19__it was for one to have a life plan.__20__your life plan strictly，and you will have a bright future.
1．A.look for B．look up
C．look out D．look into
答案　B
解析　小时候我常常坐在妈妈的膝盖旁，抬头看，并问她在做什么。from the floor表明作者坐在地板上。
2．A.where B．what C．which D．when
答案　A
解析　我告诉她，从我所在的地方看，她绣的东西显得乱七八糟。
3．A.discovered B．caught C．found D．watched
答案　D
解析　我从下面看，她是在拿着的圆箍里刺绣。
4．A.cried B．mourned
C．complained D．concluded
答案　C
解析　我对她抱怨说，从我坐的地方看它的确显得乱七八糟。
5．A.smile B．laugh C．glare D．aim
答案　A
解析　她总是对我微笑，低下头，对我温和地说：“孩子，你去玩一会儿。”根据gently可知，妈妈对我态度很好。
6．A.lesson B．problem C．work D．play
答案　D
解析　参见上题解析。
7．A.stop B．start C．finish D．prepare
答案　C
解析　根据上下文可知，妈妈让我等她绣完后再看。
8．A.knee B．shoulder C．foot D．stomach
答案　A
解析　我将让你坐在我的膝盖上，从我这边看。根据下段中的“come and sit on my knee”可知答案。
9．A.producing B．using
C．making D．leaving
答案　B
解析　我想知道她为什么总是把一些黑线与色彩明亮的线配合着用。
10．A.passed B．lost C．ended D．ran
答案　A
解析　几分钟过去了，我听到了妈妈的声音。
11．A.sound B．voice C．noise D．word
答案　B
解析　参见上题解析。
12．A.worried B．frightened
C．excited D．disappointed
答案　C
解析　根据后面的“a beautiful flower”可知，我既惊讶又兴奋。
13．A.believe B．see C．imagine D．guess
答案　A
解析　根据后半句内容可知，我几乎不能相信这是真的。
14．A.beautiful B．messy C．small D．tidy
答案　B
解析　根据前文可知，从我的角度看，妈妈绣的花显得乱七八糟。
15．A.so B．but C．or D．although
答案　B
解析　从下面看，它的确显得乱七八糟，但是你没有意识到有一个事先画好的设计图在上面。前后为转折关系。
16．A.cover B．map C．top D．head
答案　C
解析　参见上题解析。
17．A.secret B．sign C．mark D．design
答案　D
解析　它就是我所遵循的设计图。
18．A.Once B．Until then
C．Later on D．In the future
答案　C
解析　根据下文可知，这是以后发生的事了，故用later on，表示“后来，随后”。
19．A.clever B．important
C．happy D．lucky
答案　B
解析　我明白一个人有一个人生计划是多么重要。
20．A.Remember B．Study
C．Grasp D．Follow
答案　D
解析　严格遵循你的人生计划，你就会有一个美好的未来。