Unit 1 Breaking records
单元话题导读
孙杨在中国游泳项目上取得了历史性突破，不仅获得了金牌而且打破了世界纪录。
Wherever Sun goes，he is swamped by large crowds of fans and reporters and endless flashing cameras.
After claiming two gold medals，one silver and one bronze at the London Olympic Games and setting a world record in the men's 1，500m freestyle，the 19-year-old Sun became China's latest sports star.However，his achievements have brought him not only applause and prize money，but also rumors and disputes.
The ongoing ninth University Games of China in Tianjin have provided Sun with the opportunity to compete for the first time since the London Games，as well as a chance to face both his fans and critics.
As the biggest star at the Tianjin games，which run from Sept 8-18，Sun drew the spotlight when he arrived in the city on Sunday night.Although the organizers made special arrangements for Sun's arrival，he was still exposed to the media as soon as he disembarked the plane and some hard questions were asked.
Photos on a website show his mother being rude to photographers who wanted to shoot him after a training session on Tuesday.He said nothing to reporters after training and left the venue as quickly as possible with his mother.
An entry on Sina Weibo by someone in Tianjin later on Tuesday claimed Sun threatened to withdraw from the meet due to the preliminary session being “too early” and sat in a luxury car，allegedly provided by the organizing committee，while ignoring all reporters except those from CCTV.
It was re-tweeted more than 1，000 times in short order.Sun had to clear up the incident at a media conference that afternoon.
“I am the same Sun Yang as before.I have no intention of putting on airs，” Sun said at the event，which was specially arranged by the organizers.“I only hope the public can leave some private room for me.”
两个诱思问题
1．Why is Sun swamped by large crowds of fans and reporters and endless flashing cameras?
2．What was Sun Yang's response to gold medals?
【答案】
1．Because he gained two gold medals，one silver and one bronze at the London Olympic Games and set a world record in the men's 1，500m freestyle.
2．He wanted to live as peacefully as before and hoped the public could leave private room for him.
Section Ⅰ Reading (Warming Up, Pre-reading，
Reading & Comprehending)
[语 言 基 础 自 测]
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．devotion A．quality or state of being real
2．unfit B．act of changing slightly in order to fit
into a particular job or new conditions
3．urge C．not perfectly healthy and fit
4．accomplish D．to attract or interest(sb.)greatly
5．reality E．to beg or persuade with force
6．fascinate F．to succeed in doing sth.；to achieve
7．adjustment G．deep strong love；giving of oneself to sth.
【答案】 1.G 2.C 3.E 4.F 5.A 6.D 7.B
Ⅱ.短语填空
be fascinated with；make adjustments to；be unfit for；come to；in reality；concentrate on
1．He will have to his thinking if he is to survive in office.
2． ，it may be just the opposite.
3．She tried to her work in the university.
4．Many of the housing projects human habitation.
5．And last，I Chinese culture and with these kids!
6．But first we have to an arrangement.
【答案】 1.make adjustments to 2.In reality
3.concentrate on 4.are unfit for 5.am fascinated with 6.come to
[教 材 语 篇 细 研]
Ⅰ.阅读P2课文内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Where do you think Ashrita lives?
A．New York.
B．Sweden.
C．Australia.
2．When did he first come across the Guinness Book of World Records?
A．In his forties.
B．In his thirties.
C．When he was a child.
3．Which is the physical difficulty he has experienced when standing on top of a Swiss ball?
A．He has to make fine neck adjustments.
B．He needs a great sense of balance.
C．He has to overcome dizziness.
4．Which one of Sri Chinmoy's beliefs led Ashrita to attempting records?
A．The belief that there is no limit to people's physical abilities.
B．There is only one perfect road.
C．The road is ahead of you，always ahead of you.
5．What is the motivation to keep Ashrita trying to break records?
A．His soul.
B．His confidence.
C．His devotion to Sri Chinmoy.
【答案】 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C
Ⅱ.阅读P2课文内容，完成下列表格
Personal profile
Name
1.
Occupation
2.
Main sports in which he has made 3. records
Hula hooping
4． jumping
under water
5．
Performing deep knee bends in a hot air balloon
6．
Covering a mile in the fastest time while doing gymnastically correct lunges
Somersaulting along a road for 7. miles
Standing on top of a 75 cm
8． ball
Keep a full bottle of
9. on his head while he was walking
The qualities required in these sports
Strength；Fitness；10.
【答案】 1.Ashrita Furman 2.Sportsman
3.Guinness 4.Pogo stick 5.24-hour bicycle marathon 6.Jumping jacks 7.12 8.Swiss 9.milk 10.Determination
Ⅲ.阅读P2课文内容，完成下面课文缩写
Ashrita Furman likes the 1. (challenge) of breaking Guinness records.He has broken 2. (approximate) 93 Guinness records，but these records are not made in any 3. (convention) sport.Ashrita attempts to break records in very 4. (imagine) events，such as hula hooping，pogo stick jumping and somersaulting.While these activities might seem childish，5. ________reality they require a great deal.How Ashrita came to be a sportsman is interesting.His 6. (motivate) comes through his
7. (devote) to Sri Chinmoy，his teacher.Sri Chinmoy is 8. Indian meditation teacher and he believes there is no limit to people's physical abilities.Sri Chinmoy 9. (urge) Ashrita to enter the marathon.When he won third place，he came to the understanding 10. he is able to accomplish anything.With this confidence，Ashrita keeps trying to break records.
【答案】 1.challenge 2.approximately
3.conventional 4.imaginative 5.in 6.motivation
7.devotion 8.an 9.urged 10.that
Section Ⅱ Language Points (Warming Up，Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending)
[核 心 要 点 探 究]
(教材P2)Over the last 25 years，he has broken approximately 93 Guinness records.在过去25年里，他创下了大约93项吉尼斯世界纪录。
【要点提炼】 句中的over the last 25 years表示“在过去的25年”，和现在完成时连用。
Over the last ten years，the young man has travelled all over the world.
在过去十年里，这个年轻人已经周游了世界。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：in the past...years，yet，for＋一段时间，since＋时间点或从句，so far，up till now，already，just，before，recently，lately等。
He has taught in our school for 30 years.
他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
即时应用
翻译句子
①然而截止到目前，这个系统的功效还是很好的。
②我们至今已有数年未与罗杰来往了。
【答案】 ①Yet this system has worked pretty well up till now. ②We've been out of touch with Roger for years now.
in reality 实际上；事实上
(教材P2)While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect，in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.
虽然这些活动看起来孩子气而且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但实际上，这些活动却需要强大的力量、健康的体格和坚定的决心。
The child thought he was being helpful，but in reality he was a nuisance.
那孩子认为他在帮忙，但实际上他是个令人讨厌的家伙。
to escape from reality 逃避现实
describe a scene with reality 逼真地描写情景
bring sb.back to reality 使某人面对现实
make sth.a reality 实现某事，落实
face reality 面对现实
He escaped from reality by going to the cinema every afternoon.他每天下午去看电影来逃避现实。
I know you have deep feelings for him.But we should face reality.
我知道你对他有很深的感情，但我们必须面对现实。
即时应用
完成句子
①她给人印象非常慷慨，实际上她是一个自私的女人。
She gives the impression of being generous，but she is a very selfish woman.
②他嗜酒成瘾来逃避现实。
He was addicted to wine to ．
【答案】 ①in reality ②escape from reality
adjustment n．调整；调节
(教材P2)Think about the fine neck adjustments needed to keep a full bottle of milk on your head while you are walking.
想象一下你在行走时头顶顶着满满一瓶子牛奶，那需要很好地调节你的脖子。
The company made an adjustment to my salary.
公司对我的薪金作了调整。
①make an adjustment (to) (对……)做出调整
②adjust v. 调节；改变……以适应；调整；校对
adjust sth.to sth. 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
adjust to sth./doing sth. 适应于(做)……
③adjustable adj. 可调整的
He can't adjust himself to the whirl of modern life in this big city.
他无法适应这个大都市的现代生活的忙碌。
The adjustable seat can be raised.
可调整的座位可以升高。
即时应用
完成句子
①他很快使自己适应了这个国家炎热的天气。
He the heat of the country.
②这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。
This kind of desk can the height you need.
③他们应进行调整以适应新环境。
They should the new environment.
【答案】 ①adjusted himself very quickly to ②be adjusted to ③make an adjustment to
(教材P2)While Ashrita makes standing on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball look easy，it is not.当阿什里塔站在75厘米高的健身球上时，看起来虽然很轻松，其实不然。
【句式分析】 句中的while表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。while引导让步状语从句时不和but连用。
While Hery was a Ground，he was not at all like his family.尽管Hery是Ground家族的一个成员，他与他的家人毫无相似之处。
In a word，while the prospects are bright，the road has twists and turns.
总之，虽然前途是光明的，但是道路是曲折的。
while还有以下用法：
①引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，从句的谓语动词一般是延续性的；
②用来表示对比，意为“而，却”，前后两者是并列关系；
③while作名词，表示“一小会儿”。
She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.
她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。
While Mary was writing a letter，the children were playing outside.玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
You like tennis，while I'd rather read.
你喜欢网球，然而我喜欢阅读。
即时应用
写出下面句子中while的意义
①I lived in a hostel while I was a student.
②While there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty.
③The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields.
【答案】 ①当……的时候 ②尽管 ③然而
concentration n．集中；专心
(教材P2)It takes a lot of concentration and a great sense of balance to stay on it.
待在球上需要全神贯注和很好的平衡感。
The tennis players need total concentration during play.
网球运动员在比赛中需要全神贯注。
①concentration on sth. 关注某事物
②concentrate v. 专心；集中
concentrate on 集中于；专心于
③concentrated adj. 全神贯注的；全力以赴的；决心要做的
I can't concentrate on my work when I'm tired.
我累了就无法集中精力工作。
He made a concentrated effort to improve his work.
他全力以赴地努力改进自己的工作。
即时应用
用concentrate的适当形式完成句子
①You must all your energies on the study of English.
② study will help you to retain knowledge.
③The drug may affect your powers of ．
【答案】 ①concentrate ②Concentrated ③concentration
unfit adj.不适宜的；不太健康的
(教材P2)As a child he was very unfit and was not at all interested in sports.
小时候，他很不健康，而且对运动毫无兴趣。
You're very unfit；you ought to take up running.
你身体很弱，应该练练跑步。
①be unfit for sth. 不适合某事
be unfit to do sth. 不适合做某事
②fit adj. 健康的；精力充沛的；合适的
vt. 适合；安装；使合身
vi. 适合，符合
be fit for sth. 适合某事
be fit to do sth. 适合做某事
She is unfit for such a senior position.
她不胜任这种高级职务。
He is just fit for a job as a scavenger.
他正适合当个清道夫。
[明辨异同] fit/suit
fit
多指尺寸、大小、形状的合适，引申为吻合、协调。
suit
多指款式、颜色、条件、身份、口味等的适合。
This coat fits him.这件外套他穿正合身。(指大小)
The style of the clothes suits him well.
这件衣服的款式很适合他。(指款式、颜色)
即时应用
选词填空(fit/suit)
①We all think that he is for the position.
②Does the new post your brother?
③The climate here me very well.
【答案】 ①fit ②fit ③suits
fascinate vt.使着迷，使入迷
(教材P2)However，he was fascinated by the Guinness Book of World Records.
但是他对《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》非常着迷。
The place continues to fascinate visitors，cloaked in its mystery.
这个地方笼罩在神秘气氛中，继续使游览者着迷。
①be fascinated by 被……迷住/吸引
be fascinated with 迷上……；被迷住了
②fascination n. 迷惑力；魅力
③fascinating adj. 迷人的，吸引人的
fascinated adj. 着迷的
I've always been fascinated by his ideas.
我总是对他的想法极其感兴趣。
Old churches have a certain strange fascination for me.
古老的教堂对我有一种奇怪的诱惑力。
The most fascinating insect is walking across the paper.
最吸引人的昆虫正在纸上走。
即时应用
完成句子
观众被《中国新歌声》这个迷人的节目所吸引。
The audience are by the program of the Sing！China.
【答案】 fascinated；fascinating
(教材P2)He believes that there is no limit to people's physical abilities.
他相信人的体能是没有局限的。
【要点提炼】句中的there is no limit...表示“……没有限制”。
There is no limit on the amount you may bring in.
没有限制你携带的金额。
It is no use doing sth. 做某事没有用
There is no point/sense doing sth. 做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that... ……是不容置疑的
There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事
It is no wonder that... 难怪；不足为奇
There is no possibility that... ……是不可能的
It is no use arguing with him.与他争论没用。
There is no doubt that we will be successful.
毫无疑问我们会成功的。
即时应用
完成句子
①为这事编造借口没用。
making an excuse for this.
②他无疑参与了这桩抢劫案。
about his role in the robbery.
③没有必要为这样的枝节问题发愁了。
to worry over such a side issue.
【答案】 ①It is no use ②There is no doubt
③There is no need
urge vt.催促；力劝
(教材P3)He had been urged by his spiritual leader to enter the marathon even though he had done no training.
尽管没有受过训练，他还是受到他精神领袖的敦促参加了马拉松比赛。
Many physicians urge aerobic exercise.
很多医生力主有氧运动。
I strongly urge you to give up smoking.我力劝你戒烟。
①urge sb.to do sth.＝urge sb.into doing sth.
催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that sb.(should) do sth. 强烈要求某人做某事
urge sb.on... 力劝/催促某人……
②urge n． 冲动；强烈的愿望
have an urge to do / for sth. 有做某事的强烈愿望
③urgent adj. 紧迫的；急需的
They urged on us the need for cooperation.
他们向我们强调合作的必要性。
I feel the urge to be outside when spring comes again.
当春天再次来临，我就有了到户外活动的冲动。
They've made an urgent request for international aid.
他们紧急请求国际援助。
即时应用
完成句子
①玛丽的父母力劝她重新考虑她的决定。
Mary's parents her decision.
＝ Mary's parents urged that her decision.
②这个行动方针是各方力促我们作出的。
This course of action us by all parties.
【答案】 ①urged her to reconsider；she (should) reconsider ②was urged on
(教材P3)So，when he won third place，he came to the understanding that his body was just an instrument of the spirit and that he seemed to be able to use his spirit to accomplish anything.因此当他取得第三名的时候，他就开始有了这样的认识：他的身躯不过是他精神的工具，而且他似乎能够用他的精神力量去完成任何事情。
(1)come to达到某种状态；总计；谈到；涉及
It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along.她突然意识到她从一开始就错了。
We came to an amicable agreement.
我们达成了友好的协议。
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to an end 结束
When it comes to sth. 提到某事
He came to the conclusion at one jump.
他一下子就得出这个结论。
Our gas has come to an end on the way.
在途中我们的汽油用完了。
即时应用
完成句子
①当约翰走进演讲厅时，会议几乎结束了。
The meeting almost when John entered the lecture hall.
②说到弹钢琴，我一窍不通。
When it comes to ，I know nothing.
【答案】 ①came to an end ②playing the piano
(2)accomplish vt.完成；实现
I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months.
在过去几个月里，我完成了相当多的工作。
The prediction was literally accomplished.
这个预言确实实现了。
accomplishment n． 成就；完成
accomplished adj. 精通的；熟练的
The series of paintings is quite an accomplishment.
这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。
Both my parents are accomplished musicians.
我父母亲均是有造诣的音乐家。
[明辨异同] accomplish/complete/finish
accomplish
通常接 task，aim，journey，voyage 等名词，有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意。
complete
比 accomplish 具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”，主要含义是“补足缺少的部分”。
finish
在许多情况下可与 complete 换用，但不及 complete 正式，常含有“认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美”的意思。
The role of a judge is to accomplish fairness.
法官的职责是实现公平。
Can you complete your task on time?
你们能按时完成工作吗？
When do you finish your college course?
你什么时候完成大学课程？
即时应用
选词填空(accomplish/complete/finish)
③The building will be by the end of this month.
④I have the book after hard work.
⑤The explorers the voyage in five weeks.
【答案】 ③completed ④finished ⑤accomplished
devotion n．虔诚；献身；奉献；热爱；投入
(教材P3)The motivation to keep trying to break records comes through his devotion to Sri Chinmoy.不断努力打破纪录的动机来自他对斯里琴摩思想的虔诚。
His devotion to science is well-known.
他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。
A career needs our devotion all our lives.
一项事业需要我们毕生的奉献。
①devotion to... 对……热爱/虔诚
②devote vt. 致力于；奉献于
devote...to 把……献给；把……专用于
devote oneself to 致力于，献身于；专心于
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
We should devote ourselves assiduously and faithfully to the duties of our profession.
我们应当勤奋地而且忠诚地献身于我们的职责。
[明辨异同] affection/love/attachment/devotion
affection
指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情，侧重感情的深沉。
love
比affection的语气更强，有时表示一种难以控制的激情。
attachment
通常用于书面文字中，既可指对某人某物的喜欢，又可指出于理智对某人或某物的热爱，尤指长时间的爱。
devotion
表示热心的，充满情爱的奉献；它暗指比love 更无私，通常更执着的感情。
I assured him of our affection.
我向他肯定地说我们是爱他的。
True love should last forever.真正的爱情是永恒的。
He feels a strong attachment to his family.
他十分恋家。
The devotion of the aged couple is inspiring.
老人的挚爱是催人奋进的。
即时应用
选词填空(affection/love/attachment/devotion)
①In his youth he had a serious affair.
②He had a warm for his mother.
③He has a sentimental to his birthplace.
④His to his wife and family is touching.
【答案】 ①love ②affection ③attachment ④devotion
(教材P3)Every time Ashrita tries to break a record，he reaches a point where he feels he cannot physically do any more.每次试图破纪录的时候，阿什里塔都会达到一个体力不可逾越的极点。
【句式分析】 句中的where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a point。部分修饰地点名词的定语从句还可用“介词＋关系代词”来替换关系副词where。
She is going to live in Macao，where she has some close friends.她要到澳门去定居， 在那里她有几个密友。
This is the office in which I used to work.
这就是我过去工作过的办公室。
The old temple that/which was damaged in the storm is now under repair.
在暴风雨中遭到破坏的古庙正在维修中。
即时应用
一句多译
我十年前住的房子已经被推倒了。
①
②
③
【答案】 ①The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
②The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
③The house that I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language
[核 心 要 点 探 究]
(教材P5)However severe the journey is，as long as I am with nature，I don't care.
不管旅途有多么艰辛，只要我能感受大自然，我都不在乎。
【要点提炼】 句中的however severe the journey is是让步状语从句，从句的语序为：however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋句子的其他成分。
We shall never succeed，however much we try.
无论我们多么的努力，都不可能成功。
However cold it is，she always goes swimming.
无论天多冷，她总是去游泳。
①no matter＋疑问词(what，where，when，whose等)只能引导让步状语从句，相当于“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句。
②“疑问词＋ever”也可以引导名词性从句。
Whichever day you come(＝No matter which day you come)，I'll be pleased to see you.
无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。
Whenever you come(＝No matter when you come)，you are welcome.
你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。
Whatever I said couldn't get him interested in the subject.
不论我说什么都不能让他对这门学科感兴趣。
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翻译句子
①无论他多么努力工作，却总是入不敷出。
②谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。
【答案】 ①However/No matter how hard he works，he finds it difficult to make ends meet.
②Give this book to whoever likes it.
doom vt.注定；判决 n．厄运；毁灭
(教材P6)Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
不能从历史中吸取经验的人注定要重复历史。
The project was doomed to failure from the start.
这项工程从一开始就注定要失败。
All mortals are doomed to die.
所有人都注定要死。
①be doomed to... 注定……(后接名词或不定式)
②go to one's doom 走向死亡
fall to one's doom 坠入死亡/灭亡
meet one's doom 死亡；灭亡
send sb.to his doom 将某人处死
The dictator met his doom after ten years of rule.
独裁者统治了十年终于完蛋了。
He's sent you and your dead knights to meet their doom，Darion.
他是把你和你的死亡骑士们引向灭亡，达里安！
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①这桩婚姻从一开始就注定要破裂。
The marriage from the start.
②当时法国人民强烈要求处死路易十六。
The French people then strongly demanded Louis XⅥ ．
③我注定要给范妮·格洛弗让路。
I make way for Fanny Glover.
【答案】 ①was doomed ②should be sent to his doom ③am doomed to
[语 法 专 项 突 破]
[精要点拨]
主语
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的-ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。
一、名词或名词短语作主语
Some young people can't settle down to their own business.有些年轻人不能专心于自己的工作。
Weather in our coastal city is nice and cool in summer.
我们海滨城市夏天的天气很凉爽。
二、代词作主语
This is all I want.Nothing else.
这就是我想要的。没别的。
Who teaches you folk music？谁教你们民族音乐？
She has already left China for Chile.
她已经离开中国去智利了。
三、数词作主语
Three is enough for each of us.
三个对于我们来说足够了。
Four and five makes nine.
四加五等于九。
四、名词化形容词和名词化分词作主语
The sick and the old need our help.
病人和老人需要我们的帮助。
The wounded should be sent to hospital at once.
伤员应立即送往医院。
五、动词不定式或不定式短语作主语
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
要把一门外语学好不容易。
To play football is very interesting.
踢足球很有趣。
六、动词-ing形式及其短语作主语
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Learning new words is very useful to me.
学习生词对我很有用。
七、从句作主语
主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词what引导。
1．that引导的主语从句
(1) 这是应用最广泛的主语从句，但是真正用于句首的很少，显得头重脚轻。
That he is still alive is a wonder.
他还活着，真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain.
我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
That he should have ignored the working class was natural.他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence.
她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
(2) 为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
It's unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.
竟有这么多人失业这是不公平的。
It's amazing that she should have said nothing about it.
她竟未谈及此事令人惊讶。
It's unthinkable that they should deny my request.
他们竟然拒绝我的请求，这是不可思议的。
2．whether引导的主语从句
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem.
他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
3．连接代词引导的主语从句
Whoever says that is a liar.
说那话的人都是骗子。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
4．连接副词引导的主语从句
When we arrive doesn't matter.
我们什么时候到没有关系。
How it was done was a mystery.
这是怎样做的是一个谜。
Where I spend my summer holiday is no business of yours.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
5．关系代词what引导的主语从句
What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。
What he says is not important.
他说的话并不重要。
What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
为这条河增色的是水里的荷花。
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．如果他不喜欢的话，没有人能40年来做好某件事。
something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
2．山村里的每个人都很友好，无论你住在这儿时间长短都没关系。
Everyone in the village is very friendly；it doesn't matter for a short or a long time.
3．如果我们不保护自然环境，我们将注定因此而受惩罚。
If we can't take care of our natural environment，we'll for it.
4．一个人游泳是很危险的。
is very dangerous.
5．我们什么时候进行英语测试还没定。
has not been decided.
【答案】 1.Nobody can be good at 2.whether you have lived there 3.be doomed to get punishment
4．Swimming alone 5.When we are going to have an English test
Ⅱ.在空格中填入一个适当的词或用所给词的适当形式填空
1． (play) football in the street is dangerous.
2．It would be nice (see) him again.
3．The (disable) should not be looked down upon.
4． was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that.
5． he will be sent abroad or not has not been decided so far.
6． a book sells well depends on various factors.
7．I don't think three days (be) enough for such a trip.
8．His (express) told me that he got angry then.
【答案】 1.Playing 2.to see 3.disabled 4.It
5.Whether 6.Whether/That 7.is 8.expression
Section Ⅳ Using Language
[教 材 语 篇 细 研]
Ⅰ.阅读P7－8课文内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Jonas Jacobsson has won medals，all in rifle shooting events.
A．17 gold，2 silver and 9 bronze.
B．17 gold，9 silver and 2 bronze.
C．9 gold，17 silver and 2 bronze.
2．How many gold medals has Fu Mingxia won?
A．3. B．4. C．5.
3．When did Strel first enter the Guinness record?
A．In 1978. B．In 2000. C．In 2004.
【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.B
Ⅱ.阅读P7－8课文内容，判断正误(T/F)
1．Jacobsson also is interested in promoting sports and a healthy active lifestyle among children. ( )
2．Michellie Jones once won two world champions. ( )
3．Fu Mingxia was born in 1976. ( )
【答案】 1.T 2.T 3.F
[核 心 要 点 探 究]
bid n．出价；投标；努力；企图；试图
(教材P6)．..about their school's bid to break a Guinness record.……关于他们学校试图打破吉尼斯世界纪录的尝试。
At the auction，the highest bid for the picture was 200，000 pounds.
这幅图在拍卖会上的最高出价是20万英镑。
①make a bid of 出价……
make a bid for 出价买……；争取……
②bid vt.& vi. 出价；投标；吩咐，命令
bid sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
bid some money for sth. 出价买某物
bid for 投标竞争……
He made a bid of 50 pounds for a painting.
他为一幅画出价50英镑。
He made a strong bid for the championship.
他尽了最大的努力试图夺取冠军。
Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall.
有几家公司投标，争取建造新音乐厅的合同。
即时应用
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①好几个城市争取2020奥运会主办权，东京最终获胜。
Several cities the sponsorship of the 2020 Olympic Games and Tokyo succeeded in the end.
②她为一把维多利亚时代的椅子出价100英镑。
She a Victorian chair.
【答案】 ①made the bid for ②bid 100 pounds for
therefore adv.因此；所以
(教材P8)．..and therefore did not compete in the 2004 Olympics in Athens.
……因此没能参加2004年雅典奥运会。
He was the only candidate；therefore，he was elected.
他是唯一的候选人，因此，他当选了。
①therefore的意思是“因此，为此，所以”，是副词，引导结果、结局或结论。
②therefore不能连接两个句子，因此当therefore前没有and等连词时，前面须用分号。 如有and时，and前可用逗号或不用标点符号。
③副词therefore用于句首时后面无需加逗号，若位于句中，前后都加逗号。
He was busy；therefore he could not come.
他很忙，所以不能来。
He was very tired and therefore he didn't give the market report.
他非常疲倦，所以没能作市场报告。
There is still much to discuss.We shall，therefore，return to this item at our next meeting.
要讨论的问题还有很多。所以，我们将在下次会议上再讨论这项议题。
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完成句子
①他学习不努力，因此他没通过英语考试。
He didn't study hard； ．
②我们没有足够的钱，因此我们不能买新房子。
We don't have enough money， to buy the new house.
【答案】 ①therefore he failed the English test ②and therefore we can't afford
(教材P8)At the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games，she took the gold medal in the women's 10-metre platform，becoming the youngest Olympic diving champion of all time.在1992年的巴塞罗那奥运会上，她夺得女子10米跳台的金牌，成为有史以来最年轻的奥运会跳水运动员。
【要点提炼】 句中的becoming the youngest Olympic diving champion of all time是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
父母去世了，(结果)他成为孤儿。
It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
当动词不定式单独作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前面加only ，译为“(结果)却……”，“只(只是……)”，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。
After two days we finally arrived at the small village，only to be told that the old man had passed away.
两天之后我们终于到了这个小村，(使我们失望的是)村民们告诉我们那个老人去世了。
Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket，to make him a millionaire overnight.
昨天一个街头乞丐无意买了一张彩票，结果使他一夜间成了一个百万富翁。
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①到1820年纽约的人口增长到大约125 000人，结果使它成为美国最大的城市。
By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125，000， ．
②汤姆到达车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
Tom got to the station， ．
【答案】 ①making it the largest city in the USA
②only to find the train had gone
(教材P8)This made her the first woman in Olympic diving history to win three gold medals.这使她成为奥运跳水史上第一位连续获得三枚金牌的女子。
【要点提炼】 句中的make her the first woman属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
She made herself the centre of the class.
她使自己成为班里的中心。
常见的make＋复合宾语：
①make＋宾语＋形容词这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事(变得)……”。
②make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式这一结构表示的意思是“使某人做某事”。若变为被动语态，补语要用带to的动词不定式。
③make＋宾语＋过去分词这一结构表示的意思是“使某人/某事被……”。
④make＋宾语＋介词短语表示“使某人处于某种状态”。
在make＋复合宾语中，宾语太长时，用it来代替作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。
The recovery of Yao Ming made the fans happy.
姚明的康复令球迷高兴。
The boy made a face just to make others laugh.
那个男孩做了个鬼脸，只是想逗别人笑。
The chemistry teacher had a special way to make his students interested in chemistry.
化学老师有一种特殊的方法使学生对化学感兴趣。
You are free to use the things in the room.Make yourself at home please.
房里的东西你可随便用。请不要受拘束，随便一些。
The hard situation here made it necessary to make some changes.
现在困难的局面有必要作一些变化了。
即时应用
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①在旧社会，农民被迫不分白天黑夜地干活。
In the old society，the farmers day and night.
②他们不懂本地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。
They didn't know the native language，so they couldn't ．
③我们已知的事物有时候会使我们更难理解新观念。
The things we know can sometimes make to understand new ideas.
【答案】 ①were made to work ②make themselves understood ③it more difficult for us
have a passion for 热爱；酷爱
(教材P8)He has a passion for swimming the world's great rivers.
他酷爱到世界大河中去游泳。
I have a passion for American literature.
我酷爱美国文学。
①passion n． 热爱；激情
fly into a passion 勃然大怒，大发雷霆
②with passion 激动地
passionate adj. 热诚的；狂热的
He flew into a passion and tore at my hair.
他勃然大怒，要扯我的头发。
Your passionate support for our career is greatly appreciated.十分感谢你对我们事业的热情支持。
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翻译句子
①我喜欢赛马。
②他听到那消息便大发雷霆。
【答案】 ①I have a passion for horse racing.
②He flew into a passion when he heard the news.
entire adj.整个的；全部的；完全的；完整的
(教材P8)In 2000，he was the first person ever to swim the entire length of the Danube River in Europe—a distance of 3，004 kilometres in 58 days.在2000年，他是第一个游完欧洲多瑙河全程的人——58天游了3004公里。
I am in entire agreement with you.我完全同意你。
The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease.
所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。
entirely adv. 完全地；全部地
entirety n. 整体；全体；全部
The mountain was entirely covered in snow.
那座山完全被雪覆盖着。
[明辨异同] entire/complete/total/whole
entire
语气较强。不仅指完整无缺，而且强调整体不可分割。表示“整个的、全部的”或与whole换用。
complete
指组成整体的各个部分都不缺少。用于抽象含义时，表示包括一切，毫无例外，可与entire互换。
total
指数量或程度上的全部，含有强烈的计算意味，强调精确。用于抽象意义时，可与complete互换。
whole
与entire意义基本相同，指某一物体完整无缺，但比entire更常用，更口语化。
She has a complete set of those stamps.
那样的邮票她有一套。
I was in entire/complete ignorance of what had happened.我完全不知道发生了些什么事。
He gave me the whole box of chocolates.
他把一整盒巧克力都给了我。
His total debts are $500.
他的全部债务有500美元。
即时应用
选词填空(complete/whole/entire/total)
①What is the cost of the new furniture?
②The book is on how to appreciate poetry.
③They own a house with furniture.
④It took us an week to finish the work.
【答案】 ①total ②whole ③complete ④entire
attain vt.达到；获得；实现
(教材P8)For this，he attained his first entry in the Guinness Book of World Records.
为此，他第一次进入了《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。
We can attain whatever goal we set in our mind.
我们设定了什么目标，就能实现什么目标。
More women are attaining positions of power.
越来越多的女性获得要职。
①attain the end/goal 达到目的
attain one's hope/object 实现愿望/达到目的
②attainable adj. 可以达到的；可达成的
③attainment n. 达到；成就；造诣
the attainment of... 达到……目的
This target should be attainable.
这个目标应该能实现。
He was far from the attainment of this object.
他远未达到自己的目标。
即时应用
完成句子
①她想尽一切办法来达到目的。
She pulls every string to ．
②得到财富并没有为他带来快乐。
did not make him happy.
【答案】 ①attain the end/goal ②The attainment of wealth
appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激
(教材P10)Group words that come from the same root，eg appreciate，appreciation，appreciative.来自于同一词根的一组词，例如：appreciate，appreciation，appreciative。
I really appreciate his complete absorption in his work.
我很欣赏他对工作的极度专注。
I've decided to learn photography in order that I may better appreciate the beauty of nature.
我决定学摄影以便能更好地欣赏自然的美。
①appreciate (doing) sth. 欣赏/感激(做)某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。
②appreciation n. 欣赏，鉴别，感激
in appreciation of 因赏识……，因感激……
I'd appreciate your attending my grandma's birthday party.＝I'd appreciate it if you attend my grandma's birthday party.你能来参加我奶奶的生日聚会我很荣幸。
【提示】 在英语中，appreciate，like，hate以及enjoy等表示“喜欢、憎恶”的动词后面往往加it再加从句，it代指后面的从句。
I like it when she smiles.我很喜欢她微笑的样子。
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完成句子
①如果你教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。
I'd appreciate to teach me how to use the computer.
②我很高兴在这儿遇到你。
I'd appreciate here.
【答案】 ①it if you would like ②meeting you
[写 作 技 能 提 升]
如何描写人物
[写作指导]
人物介绍属于记叙文(narration)的写作范畴，写作时要围绕人物组织材料。人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语基础写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，包括所给的全部信息点，不能遗漏或随意添加。
人物介绍类写作的基本步骤：
(1)出生日期以及出生地。这是人物写作的基本信息，应该详细而且要具体。
(2)家庭背景。也就是人物的家庭状况或者是人物的早年家庭生活的基本情况。
(3)教育背景。人物受教育的基本过程，以及取得的成就。
(4)生平大事。这也是人物写作的提升，也就是做出的贡献或者取得的成就。
(5)人物评价。人物评价是对所描述人物进行评价，评价必须客观公正；可以是作者自己的评价，也可以是社会人士的评价。
人物写作应该注意以下几点：
(1)合理安排顺序；正确选择角度
顺序是指以怎样的顺序描写人物、刻画人物性格。对人物描写的范围可以是描写人的外貌、性格、举止以及思想感情等；一般可采用从外表到内心活动的描述，把描写的重点放在与其他人物不同之处。对于事迹的描述要注意时间的顺序，不能紊乱让人理不清头绪。应该合理通顺。
角度是指用第一人称还是第三人称来描写人物；用第一人称时主要是本人的经历或耳闻目睹之事；用第三人称时则主要是他人的经历。写作中一般写他人经历的文章较多。
(2)重点突出；恰当选材
一个人物的特点及事迹非常多，就要求我们要抓住其显著的、与众不同的方面，着重描写最富有感染力的情节。
(3)合理点评；适当总结
在描述人物时，对所描述的人物进行简单的评论后，然后适当总结，突出文章的叙述内容。
(4)锤炼语言；把握时态
在人物描写中，语言要简短精炼、生动感人。另外，时态的使用要视实际情况而定。
[佳作构建]
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1．年龄；
2．性别；
3．爱好(旅游、运动、宠物等)。
注意：1.词数100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
Best regards.
Li Hua
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
首先开门见山提出写信的目的，然后描述笔友的要求以及交笔友的好处。注意文章的时态。
Ⅰ.词汇
1．好意；帮忙
2．分享
3．经历
4．有相同的兴趣
5．对……感兴趣
【答案】 1.favor 2.share 3.experience 4.have the same interest 5.be interested in
Ⅱ.句式
1．我写信询问你是否能帮我一个忙。
I'm writing to ask whether you are able to ．
2．如果那样，我将和他一起分享旅行的经历。
，I will share with him the experiences in travelling.
3．我们可以提高自己，发展友谊。
We can improve ourselves and ．
4．如果他对中国感兴趣，我可以告诉他所有我知道的有关中国的事情。
I can tell him everything if he is interested in the country.
【答案】 1.do me a favor 2.If so 3.develop our friendship 4.that I know about China
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I'm writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I always dream to make a pen friend in your country.I hope my pen friend is a boy out of his teens.I expect my pen friend has the similar interests to mine－travelling，playing football，collecting stamps and keeping a pet.If so，I will share with him the experiences in travelling，the skills of playing football，the ways of collecting stamps and keeping a pet.By doing so，we can improve ourselves and develop our friendship.At the same time，my English will be improved and I can tell him everything that I know about China if he is interested in China.
Best regards．
Li Hua
单元复习课
主要单词
根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词及派生词
1． adj.近似的；大概的
2． n．笑；笑声
3． adj.强硬的；困难的 adv.顽强地
4． vt.使着迷；入迷
5． vt.完成；实现
6． n．热爱；投入
7． vt.& vi.出价；投标 n．出价；投标
8． adv.因此；所以
9． vt.达到；获得
10． vt.鉴赏；感激
11． adj.真正的；真实的→ n．真实；事实→ adv.实际上，事实上
12． vt.调整；调节→ n．调整；调节→ adj.可调整的
13． adj.不适宜的；不太健康的→ adj.合适的；健康的
14． vt.催促；力劝→ adj.紧急的；紧迫的→ n．紧急的事
15． adj.全部的；完整的→ adv.全部地；完整地
【答案】 1.approximate 2.laughter 3.tough
4.fascinate 5.accomplish 6.devotion 7.bid
8.therefore 9.attain 10.appreciate
11.real；reality；really 12.adjust；adjustment；adjustable 13.unfit；fit
14.urge；urgent；urgency 15.entire；entirely
核心短语
Ⅰ.短语英汉互译
1． 事实上；实际上
2． 集中于
3． 迷上
4． 达到；谈到；涉及
5． catch up with
6． be doomed to
7． have a passion for
8． urge sb.to do sth.
【答案】 1.in reality 2.concentrate on 3.be fascinated by 4.come to 5.赶上 6.注定 7.热爱；酷爱 8.催促某人做某事
Ⅱ.用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．The plan failure.
2．You should the road when you're driving.
3．We'll do our best to the advanced world levels.
4．We thought he was serious but he was joking.
5．I am quite his adventure in Africa.
6．They the parliament approve plans for their reform programme.
7．I blue dresses.
8．It is certain that he will the discussion.
【答案】 1.was doomed to 2.concentrate on
3.catch up with 4.in reality 5.fascinated by
6.urged；to 7.have a passion for 8.come to
必备句式
Ⅰ.补全下列教材原句
1． these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect，in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.
2．He believes that to people's physical abilities.
3． ，he has broken approximately 93 Guinness records.
4． ，as long as I am with nature，I don't care.
5．This in Olympic diving history to win three gold medals.
【答案】 1.While 2.there is no limit 3.Over the last 25 years 4.However severe the journey is
5.made her the first woman
Ⅱ.用上述结构完成下列句子
1．尽管数以千计的小公司失败了，但很多还是成功的。
，many succeeded.
2．文章的长短并没有限制。
on the size of the article.
3．过去二十多年来，苹果栽培方式发生了变化。
Over the past twenty years methods of apple cultivation ．
4．哪怕是再大的困难我们也能克服。
，we can overcome them.
5．把国家建设得更美好是我们对社会应尽的责任。
We owe it to society to ．
【答案】 1.While thousands of small companies failed 2.There is no limit 3.have changed
4．However great the difficulties may be 5.make our country a better place
