高中英语江苏卷任务型阅读专题

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


任务型阅读
一、考情揭秘
任务型阅读题在测试学生阅读理解能力的基础上，对阅读信息进行二次加工，归纳要点，筛选、整合和综合概括零散信息，以表格的形式侧重考查学生的单词拼写、词性转换、句式转换、段落归纳等综合能力。特别要求学生掌握文章大意和分析文章结构、提纲和框架。该题型有如下特点：
1．题型结构
任务型阅读由两部分组成：阅读材料和表格。它要求学生阅读所给材料，填写完成表格中空缺的信息。阅读材料为一篇500词左右的文章，在文章后设10道小题，每小题只填一词，所有题目都呈现在表格中。
2．题目类型
任务型阅读设题灵活，主要考查以下四种题型。
(1)直接信息题。这类题目考查学生基础，学生可以一边阅读一边从文章中直接找出答案。
(2)信息转换题。这类题目主要考查学生的语法与词汇知识，如同义词转换、实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)之间词性与词形转换等。
(3)信息概括题。这类题目主要考查学生的信息筛选能力和语言概括能力。
二、阅读方法
任务型阅读的读文方式有多种，下面介绍一种既能提高解题速度又能提高读文针对性的技巧，供大家在今后的解题中尝试运用。
第一步：扫读表格——把握表格结构，理清层次关系
扫读表格，分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容，同时，根据语法知识初步判断空缺位置所需词语的词性变化及形式要求。建议先看表格，这样我们就可以根据表格的内容了解文章的大意和行文结构。
1．表格的一般结构
(1)全文的标题：全文的标题一般放在第一行，理解文章的标题有助于把握全文的主旨大意，阅读时要多加关注。
(2)各段的大意：表格的左栏一般为文章各段的大意，利用表格与文章顺序的一致性有助于锁定解题的信息区间。
(3)对各段内容的详细阐述：表格的右栏一般为左栏各段大意的进一步阐述，其中的表述一般为文章各段内容的转换和概括。
2．阅读表格的关注点
(1)要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意、了解表格结构和题目的设置。
(2)另外，要关注各段的大意，理解文章的结构和层次关系，把握文章的脉络和行文线索。
第二步：略读文章——速读全文，把握大意，理清文章结构
理清表格结构之后，结合表格框架结构速读全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目一般就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。
三大题型解题技巧
题型一　直接信息题
直接信息题是基础题，要求学生能快速地在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。解题关键是根据问题查找并准确定位信息。步骤一般是先略读短文，然后迅速浏览考题或任务，借助所给图表结构抓住文章中心大意以及文章的脉络，并确定表格中某一行或某一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系，初步锁定文章中相应的句子。在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。
[例1]　(2016·江苏高考节选)Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what I've called a“social prosthetic(义肢的)system”．Such systems do not need to operate face?to?face，and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.It's already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
?The(71)________ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.
【答案】　Internet
[点拨]　第一步：根据题干中的“can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies”可以定位到第一段。
第二步：根据第一段的内容，特别是“Such systems do not need to operate face?to?face，and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可以确定“互联网正在扩大我自己的社会修复系统的范围”，就像假肢能弥补身体的缺陷一样。
第三步：确定答案。
[例2]　(2017·江苏高考卷节选)One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030.Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working?age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
·The USA will increase，from 2010—2030，its population by 20% through(79)________．This will compensate for the lack of young work force.
【答案】　immigration
[点拨]　第一步：根据题干中的by 20%，定位到最后一段。
第二步：根据这一段的第一句和第二句，特别是第一句中的via immigration，可以看出美国在2010—2030之间人口可以增长20%，是得益于移民。
第三步：确定答案。
题型二　信息转换题
转换词汇常涉及单词和短语的转换(包括词性、词形转换、同义词和反义词转换、短语转换)、句子的转换(句型转换和信息重新整理)。常见的转换方法有以下三种：
1．通过改变词形来改写句子。通常包括词性变化，动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词各种形式的变化。
2．通过改变表达方式来改写句子。即：用另一个单词或短语来代替原来的表达方式。通常是用一个词来代替一个短语，或者反过来用一个短语来解释一个词的含义。
3．通过改变句型结构来改写句子。通常是把简单句变为复合句，或者反过来把复合句变成简单句。
[例1]　(2017·江苏高考卷节选)A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply? First，China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Second，if other factors such as technology remain constant，economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
·To guarantee its economic growth，China needs to deal with the population issue properly，as its workers are getting(75)________．
【答案】　old/older
[点拨]　 第一步：根据题干中的China needs，economic growth等关键词，定位到第三段。
第二步：根据这一段中的第一句“A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China”可知，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄化。
第三步：结合题干的句子结构可以确定答案。
[例2]　(2016·江苏高考卷节选)Regarding judgment：The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example，when I'm writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.If I have a “new idea”，I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
?The Internet makes us smarter over(4)________kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the core of the matter.
【答案】　all/different/various
[点拨]　第一步：根据题干中的The Internet makes us smarter，定位到第三段。
第二步：根据文章第三段第一句“The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.”可知。matters small and large意为“大大小小的事情”，相当于all/different/various kinds of things。
第三步：确定答案。
[例3]　(2016·江苏高考卷节选)Regarding memory：Once I look up something on the Internet，I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I'm writing; I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the Internet.It's become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia，or other websites.
?On the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without(73)________them in mind.
【答案】　keeping
[点拨]　第一步：题干中的“we could quickly and easily locate the details，”与这一段中“I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so”意思相近，因此可以定位到这一段。
第二步：根据这一段中的第一句“Once I look up something on the Internet，I don't need to keep all the details for future use”可以确定关键信息词是keep。
第三步：因为题干上要填写的单词前面是介词without，所以确定答案是keep的动名词形式，即：keeping。
题型三　信息归纳题
这类题难度大、要求高、得分低，学生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。
信息归纳词的特点：概括性 针对性 逻辑性
▲归纳性词汇的针对性
______，approach and result of studies Studies are made to find out what factors affect people's motivation.
People are divided into two groups based on their personality nature.
There is a relationship between personality and performance.
根据表格的右边可以看到第二行讲的是研究的方法(approach)，第三行讲的是研究得出的结论，那么所要填写的这个单词必须能概括第一行的内容。根据“to find out”，可知应该是研究的目的。故答案是：Purposes/ Aims。
▲归纳性词汇的概括性
Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the students as a full member of the household，eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him.
________ Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a full member of the host family，eating together and sharing the living areas with him.
根据表格中的关键词“refers to”，以及原文中的“means”可知表格中的描述是对“寄宿家庭”进行定义，所以Definition能够完全概括右边的内容。故答案是：Definition。
▲归纳性词汇的逻辑性
Problem Unable to understand oneself fully
Symptoms When going upwards Feeling everything is under control Feeling being blessed with all opportunities
When going 1.______ Feeling the lack of competence
2.____to the problem Viewing oneself correctly and being realistic Having self?appreciation to gain confidence Doing oneself a favor
3.________ Controlling one's life fully and enjoying a colorful and favored life
(1)根据表格可以看到此处和上面的“When going upwards”相反的感受，所以就应该填入downwards。
(2)表格右边对应的内容是三种不能完全认识自己的解决方法，再根据介词to，可以确定答案是：solutions。solutions to the problem“解决问题的方法”。
(3)从表格的右边可以看到这样做的结果是“能够完全掌控自己的人生，过上多姿多彩的生活”，所以此空档处应该填入Conclusion。
[例1]　(2017·江苏高考卷节选)Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure，but poor diet and above all long?time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don't bend，Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.
·The earlier death of Russians may result in a shrinking population，which would damage its economic future.It would be better if it can change people's way of(77)________．
【答案】　living/life
[点拨]　第一步：题干中的“The earlier death of Russians”对应原文中“people in Russia live a shorter life”，所以首先定位到这一段。
第二步：根据第四段中对俄罗斯人的不良饮食习惯和酗酒的描述可以看出，他们的生活方式需要改变。way of living/life“生活方式”。
第三步：确定答案。
[例2]　(2017·江苏高考卷节选) In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total，25% of India's working?age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.
?Leaving aside the birth rate issue，India's economy may take off when the country achieves(78)________of educational opportunity.
【答案】　equality
[点拨]　第一步：根据题干中的“India's economy以及educational”，可以定位到这一段当中。
第二步：根据这一段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大的增长。
第三步：确定答案。

A
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。How Arts Promote Our Economy
???When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
??? The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
???Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. "If you build it they will come" is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
???A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
???No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
???Teco Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg's investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
???The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.
??? It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
Arts as an economic driver Our communities________ from arts in terms of economy.
________ of arts' promoting our economy Arts activity demands a(n) ________ effort. It involves creation, performance, and ________.
★Artists make a living through their creative work.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ________. They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ________ to and from the events.
★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential________ economic results.
★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly $300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers ________ arts industry.
Art students making a good living With these ________ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) ________ plan.
【答案】benefit；Ways；joint/collective；promotion/marketing；effect；fares；positive；outside/beyond；statistics/data/analyses；alternative
【考点】议论文，任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文论述如何用艺术促进经济。
（1）benefit 根据文章标题及第一段大意可知文章想要强调的是在经济角度艺术带来的好处，结合题目中的介词from可在用短语benefit from，故答案为benefit。
（2）ways 对2-6段的归纳总结，从各个角度论述艺术促进经济的方式。故答案为Ways。
（3）joint/collective? 概括总结。根据Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art可知“任何艺术表演都需要艺术家、专家、经纪人、音乐家、作家的共同努力，即joint effort。故答案为joint或collective。
（4）promotion/marketing 归纳总结。由第三段Another group of folks is needed……可知，除了艺术相关人员外，其它人员也会参与艺术活动，但是处理的是营销和推广方面的事情，原文中的promote和market都可以用于此处，但是需要转化为名词，故答案为promotion/marketing
（5）effect 原词重现。根据第四段A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community可知，ripple effect和题干中的gradually spreading是同一语义，故答案为effect。
（6）fares 同义转换。根据Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.可在他们会开车或乘飞机前来，结合题干中besides ticket可在除了票钱，还需要付交通费，故答案为fares。
（7）positive 对第六段的总结。文章通过列数据的方式反复强调艺术上的投资能带来经济上的好处，这里用形容词修饰economic result，所以用positive会带来积极的经济效益，故答案为positive。
（8）outside/beyond 原词。根据第六段80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry，可知用outside或beyond表示与艺术行业无关的人，故答案为outside/beyond
（9）statistics/data/analyses 归纳总结。对第六段信息进行总结，同时还需要结合本题本身的信息处理，尤其是these的用法，可知”有了以上这些数据，艺术生不需要对他们的职业担心“，故答案为statistics/data/analyses。
（10）alternative 同意转换。 根据If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B可知plan B指的是可替代计划，故答案为alternative。
【点评】本题考查对语篇知识和词汇能力的综合运用能力，难度较大。对常见核心词汇的准确使用由较高的要求。

B
(2017·南京、盐城高三一模)请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个词
Until about 18 years ago，it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life.But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones.It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don't have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment.We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.
Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development.During the first few months or years of life，an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli(听觉刺激)for the associated brain cells and connections to develop.In this way，neuronal circuitry(神经元回路)is shaped according to the environment during “sensitive periods” of brain development.This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions.What about later development of higher?level brain regions，which are
involved in decision?making，control and planning，as well as social understanding and self?awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However，we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain.This is something that should concern us.
There's a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games.But maybe all this worry is misplaced.After all，throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation.When the printing press was invented，there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people's minds，and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television.Maybe we shouldn't be worried at all. It's possible that the developing brains of today's teenagers are going to be the most adaptable,
creative，multitasking brains that have ever existed.There is evidence—from adults—that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming，social networking and so on，influence the developing adolescent brain. We don't know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive，negative or neutral.We need to find out.
Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable，and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world's teenagers do not have access to secondary school education.The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher，and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health，population growth rates，child mortality rates，HIV rates as well as for women's self?esteem and quality of life.Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial.I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world's teenagers access to education.
Worrying about the teenage brain
Introduction Different from the previous studies，a new one reveals that brain development will 1.________ even in the teenage years and beyond，which 2.________ some worries.
Various factors3.________ the teenage brain andnew worries ·Particular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to 4.________ neuronal circuitry at the early time of life.·We should be 5.________ about what influence the environment has on the developing teenage brain.
·Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young people's minds are 6.________.
·We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the 7.________ of the teenage brain.
·Education is of great 8.________ in adolescence when the brain is developing and being shaped.However，it isn't 9.________ to two fifths of the world's teenagers，girls in particular.·We are expected to be 10.________ of the effects of education on the developing brains.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，介绍了一项新的发现：人的大脑在青春期及以后会继续发育、成长。
1．continue　[信息归纳题。根据第一段第二句“But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans”可知，新的研究发现大脑的许多区域在青春期及以后会继续发育。故填continue。]
2．causes　[信息归纳题。根据第一段第三句“This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones”可知，知识的发展引起了人们的担心。关系代词which指代前面整句话的内容，表示单数概念，所以从句谓语动词用causes。]
3．affecting/influencing　[信息归纳题。根据文章第二至四段的内容及表格右栏中的内容可知，此处讲的是影响青少年大脑发育的各种因素和新的担心。此处用现在分词作定语修饰名词factors。]
4．shape　[信息转换题。根据第二段第三句“In this way，neuronal circuitry(神经元回路)is shaped according to the environment during‘sensitive periods’of brain development”可知，特别的视觉或听觉刺激是动物在生命早期形成神经元回路的必须条件。故填shape。]
5．concerned/worried/anxious　[信息转换题。根据第二段最后两句“However，we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain.This is something that should concern us”可知，我们应担心环境对青少年发育中的大脑有什么影响。be concerned/worried/anxious about意为“对……担心”。]
6．corrupted　[信息归纳题。根据第三段第四句“When the printing press was invented，there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people's minds，and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television”可知，面对新技术，人们担心青少年的大脑被损坏。故填corrupted。]
7．development　[信息转换题。根据第三段中的“We don't know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive，negative or neutral.We need to find out”可知，我们应该查明新技术对青少年大脑的发育起什么样的作用。故填development。]
8．importance/significance/benefit　[信息归纳题。根据第四段中的“Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable，and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development ...school education”可知，当大脑发育时，教育是相当重要的。介词of后接名词，故填importance/significance/benefit。]
9．accessible/available　[信息转换题。根据第四段中的“However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world's teenagers do not have access to secondary school education.The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher”可知，五分之二的青少年尤其是女孩没有机会接受教育。此处用access的形容词accessible或available。]
10．aware/conscious　[信息归纳题。根据第四段最后两句“Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial.I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world's teenagers access to education”可知，我们应该意识到教育对发育中的大脑的影响。be aware/conscious of意为“意识到……”。]
C
(2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最适当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The Science Behind Smiling
Not only does smiling reward our brain's feel—good system，it also makes us look more attractive and lowers stress levels.In stressful situations，smiling is a great way to relieve extreme levels of stress and to keep your cortisol(皮质醇)levels under control.
Naturally，happiness can result in smiling.Also，smiling can actually create happiness.Smiling tricks our brains into believing we are happy，and one way it does this is by making us think of happier memories，which improve our moods.
When the smiling muscles in our face contract，it sends a signal to the brain to encourage the reward system that further increases our levels of endorphins，or happiness hormones(荷尔蒙)．It can have the same effect on our happiness as eating chocolate or receiving a monetary prize.
Even though the exact relationship behind facial expression and mental state is largely unknown，it has been suggested that smiling reduces levels of the stress?inducing hormone cortisol.Increased levels of cortisol could potentially lead to cardiovascular disease，mental illness，and obesity，so it's worth every effort to try to decrease our cortisol levels.
Research shows that when you smile，people treat you differently.Smiling instantly makes you appear more reliable，relaxed，sincere，and attractive.A study found that people who smiled more were rated as more attractive than those who avoided eye contact and didn't smile at all.
Perhaps this is why celebrities(名人)invest in perfect smiles，often looking for porcelain veneers to give them flawlessly straight，white teeth.According to a cosmetic(化妆用的)dentistry practice in Boston，broken and stained teeth can make a person look older，while a brighter smile gives a look of health and youthfulness.Anyone you spot on television will more likely than not have a perfect to smile.This gives them a youthful shine while at the same time making them look more attractive.
Smiling is an act that many of us may have to practice in order to make a regular habit.However，it's a habit worth investing in，as smiling，happiness，and health have a scientifically proven link to one other.If you find it hard to smile，try being around people who tend to smile a lot.According to a Swedish study，it is difficult to keep a straight face when constantly faced with people who are smiling at you.
Title：The Science Behind Smiling



11．benefits/rewards/pays　[信息归纳题。根据第一段第一句话“Not only does smiling reward our brain's feel?good system，it also makes us look more attractive and lowers stress levels.”可知微笑对我们是有益的。]
12．appearance　[信息转换题。根据第一段第一句话中的“it also makes us look more attractive”可知，appearance“外貌”，符合语境。]
13．true　[信息归纳题。第二段提到，微笑也可以创造快乐，因此题目中说快乐当然产生微笑，反过来讲也是正确的。]
14．reduces/decreases/relieves　[直接信息题。根据第四段第一句话“...smiling reduces levels of the stress?inducing hormone ...”中的reduces可直接得到答案。其他两个单词是其近义词。]
15．health　[信息归纳题。第四段提到的“cardiovascular disease，” “mental illness，”“obesity”等疾病都是身体或心理上的问题，因此此处应是mental and physical health。]
16．appreciated/loved/liked/trusted/respected　[信息归纳题。由第五段可知，微笑让你被其他人以不同的方式对待，让你看起来更可靠、放松、真诚、有魅力。由此可总结出这几个答案。]
17．invest/spend　[直接信息题。根据第六段第一句“Perhaps this is why celebrities(名人)invest in perfect smiles ...”中的invest可直接得到答案。此外，spend“花费”也符合题目的要求。]
18．deserves　[信息归纳题。根据最后一段可知，微笑是需要练习的，但是又是值得投入时间去做的，因此微笑是值得(deserves)你的努力的。]
19．habit　[直接信息题。根据最后一段第一句话“Smiling is an act that many of us may have to practice in order to make a regular habit.”中的habit可直接得到答案。]
20．easy/easier　[信息归纳题。由最后一段第三句话可知，如果你觉得微笑起来很困难，那就试着和会经常微笑的人在一起。由此可知，这么做会让微笑(更)容易。]
C
(2017·苏锡常镇高三三模)请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
When It's Not Quite a Wonderful Life
A 2011 study by researchers might make you think twice about difficult holiday emotions.They followed dozens of bus drivers for two weeks，looking to see when they flashed fake versus sincere smiles at their passengers.The results showed that on days when the drivers tried to put on an act and pretend to be in a good mood，their actual moods got worse.This was especially true for women.And another research suggests that people who really want to be happy actually obtain less happiness from positive experiences，apparently because their expectations are too high.Again and again，trying to gain happiness despite no preference seems to have the opposite result.
The results of the bus driver study can be explained by researchers Oliver John and James Gross，who found that negative feelings like sadness or anger only intensify when we try to suppress(压制)them.That's because we feel bad about ourselves when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside.What's more，when we suppress emotions like sadness，we deny them the important function they serve.If we don't recognize sadness we might not take the necessary steps to improve the situation.Expressing our sadness can also get comfort and compassion from those who care about us，strengthening our bonds.
Recently，scientists have also been paying special attention to the benefits of mindfulness.When you respond mindfully to an emotional trigger(诱因)，you pause rather than react，and then you can escape getting troubled by thoughtfulness.Rather than scold yourself，you simply notice what you're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong.Studies suggest that a mindful response to a negative event reduces the amount of sadness we experience，is associated with less depression and anxiety，and may even carry physiological benefits，such as lowering our heart rates.
Unavoidably，the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows.Perhaps the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing.That was the key insight from a study published in 2014 by a team of researchers from Yale University.Their survey of more than 3，000 people found that，after experiencing a greater variety and abundance of emotions consistently linked to lower depression，people took less medication，visited doctors less frequently，spent fewer days in hospitals，practiced better dietary and exercise habits，and smoked less.
In other words，sadness，anger，and other difficult emotions are like so many other parts of the holidays，they're nothing to fear.Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences.
When It's Not Quite a Wonderful Life
Main content Detailed information
Research findings about negative feelings ?A study on bus drivers shows pretending to be in a good mood leads to an 21.________result.?Another research suggests the 22.________expectations we have，the less happiness we obtain.?Two other researchers found suppressing negative feelings only intensifies them，due to the 23.________ between outward appearance and inward feelings.?If we 24.________ the function negative feelings serve，we won't recognize them or take measures to improve the situation.?Expressing negative feelings makes us feel comforted and sympathized with，and thus betters our relationship.
A 25.____to dealing with negative feelings：a mindful response to them ?The 26.________ of mindfulness：1.When we respond mindfully to an emotional trigger，we pause rather than react.2.We simply notice what we're feeling without judging that response as right or wrong，instead of 27.________ ourselves.?The benefits of mindfulness：1.It 28.________ us from trouble.2.It reduces the amount of sadness，depression and anxiety.3.It brings in physiological benefits，such as lowering our heart rates.
A correct attitude towards negative feelings ?A study published in 2014 found experiencing various emotions results in less medication，fewer doctor 29.________， fewer days in hospitals，less smoking and better dietary and exercise habits.In other words，it does good to our overall wellbeing.?Consequently，we should not fear negative feelings.Just be sure to 30.______them with lighter experiences.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了一项关于消极情感的研究。
21．opposite/opposing　[直接信息题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“opposite”可知答案。]
22．higher　[信息转换题。根据第一段倒数第二句“And another research ... apparently because their expectations are too high”可知答案。]
23．contradiction　[信息转换题。根据第二段前两句话，尤其是第二句的“...when our outward appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside”可知答案。]
24．deny/refuse/reject　[直接信息题。根据第二段中的“What's more，when we suppress emotions like sadness，we deny them the important function they serve”可知答案。]
25．solution　[信息归纳题。根据表格右边对应的信息可知，这里指的是解决问题的办法，又根据空后的to为介词可知，应填solution。]
26．interpretation/meaning/explanation　[信息归纳题。根据第三段的内容并结合本空下面列出的两条信息可知，这里表示“mindfulness”的含义，也可以理解为对其意义的理解或解释。]
27．scolding/blaming　[信息转换题。从第三段第三句中的“Rather than scold yourself，you simply ...”可知答案。]
28．saves/frees　[信息归纳题。根据第三段的内容可知，“mindfulness”可以使人们避免很多麻烦。save/free sb.from sth.的意思是“使某人免于某事”。]
29．visits　[信息转换题。从倒数第二段中的“...visited doctors less frequently”可知答案。]
30．balance　[信息转换题。从文章最后一句“Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences”可知答案。]














































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