初中英语语法讲与练 ——特殊疑问句(附解析)

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名称 初中英语语法讲与练 ——特殊疑问句(附解析)
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更新时间 2018-11-04 11:05:06

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初中英语语法讲与练(5)——特殊疑问句
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中考对特殊疑问句的考查主要集中在:
1. 特殊疑问句的疑问词。
2. 特殊疑问句中几组易混淆的疑问词的区别。
3. 特殊疑问句的语序。
4. 以上考点在中考中常以单项选择题、句型转换题、用特殊疑问词填空等形式出现,分值为1-2分。
/
一、知识精讲
特殊疑问句的概念:以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。
基本结构:“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?”,特殊疑问句的语序为倒装语序。
1. 特殊疑问句的疑问词
常用的疑问词有:what, who( whom), whose, which , when, where, how, why等。
① 对指物的名词或做的事情提出疑问,疑问词用what。
【例句】
—What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
—My name is Jenny. 我叫珍妮。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
—What are they doing now? 他们现在在做什么?
—They’re singing and dancing. 他们在唱歌跳舞。
/
状元典例 1
The twins are making a kite. ( 对划线部分提问)
______ _____ the twins _____?
答案:What are; doing
思路分析:浏览题干可知划线部分表示做的事情,故用what提问,其后的动词用do的相应形式。
状元典例2
Mrs. Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. ( 对划线部分提问)
_______ ______ Mrs. Turner ask her son ______ _______?
答案:What did; to buy
思路分析:划线部分表示指物的名词,意为“晚饭用的鸡蛋”,故用what提问。
② 对修饰名词的定语提出疑问,疑问词应用which,且必须和名词连用。
【例句】
Which book do you like best of all? 在所有的书中,你最喜欢哪本?
状元典例
I want to take the shirt on the right. ( 对划线部分提问)
______ _____ _____you ______to take?
答案:Which shirt do; want
思路分析:浏览题干可知划线部分作名词the shirt的定语,故用which提问,且与shirt连用。
③对指人的名词或代词提问用who,作宾语时用whom/who。
【例句】
—Who is your science teacher? 你的科学老师是谁?
—My science teacher is Mr. Wang. 我的科学老师是王老师。
—With whom do you want to go to the movie? 你想和谁去看电影?
—I want to go to the movie with my sister. 我想和我妹妹去看电影。
状元典例 1
Her math teacher is Mrs. Guo. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ ____ her math teacher?
答案:Who is
思路分析:句中的划线部分表示人,故用疑问词who提问。
状元典例2
The teacher asked me to run. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ the teacher ____ to run?
答案:Whom/ Who did; a/sk
思路分析:浏览题干可知划线部分表示人,且作动词的宾语,故用疑问词whom提问,也可用who代替。
④ 对物主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。
【例句】
—Whose book did you read? 你读的是谁的书?
—I read Xiao Ming’s book. 我读的是萧明的书。
状元典例
This is his jacket. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ _____ this?
答案:Whose jacket is
思路分析:划线部分是物主代词,故用whose提问。
⑤ 对时间提出疑问,如:in the morning, last Sunday等,疑问词用when;对具体时刻提问,疑问词应用what time,也可用when。
【例句】
—When do people usually fly kites? 人们通常什么时候放风筝?
—People usually fly kites in spring 人们通常在春天放风筝。
—What time did you take a shower last might? 你昨晚几点淋浴?
—I took a shower at 7:10. 我是7:10淋浴的。
/
状元典例
My father usually goes to work at eight o’clock. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ ______ _____ _____ father usually go to work?
答案:What time does your
思路分析:根据句中的划线部分表示八点钟可知用what time或when提问,根据设空个数可知只能用what time。
⑥ 对具体地点提出疑问,疑问词应用where。
【例句】
—Where do you live? 你住在哪儿?
—I live in Jinan. 我住在济南。
状元典例
The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ the pupils having a picnic?
答案:Where are
思路分析:句中划线部分at the foot of the hill意为“在山脚下”,表示地点,故用疑问词where提问。
⑦对表原因的从句(常见的有由because引导的从句)提问,疑问词应用why。
【例句】
—Why do you like P.E.? 你为什么喜欢体育?
—Because it’s fun. 因为它有趣。
/
状元典例
Xiao Chen didn’t go to the farm with us because he was ill. ( 对划线部分提问)
_______ _____ Xiao Chen go to the farm /with us?
答案:Why didn’t
思路分析:浏览题干可知句中划线部分表示原因,故用why提问。
⑧ 对方式、身体情况或程度等提出疑问,用疑问词how。
【例句】
— How are you, Li Mei? 李梅,你好吗?
—I’m fine, thanks. 很好,谢谢。
状元典例
I usually go to school by bike. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ you usually _____to school?
答案:How do; go
思路分析:句中的划线部分表示方式,意为“骑自行车”,故用疑问词how提问。
⑨ 对价格提问,疑问词用how much;对颜色提问,疑问词用what color;对年龄/提问,疑问词用how old。
【例句】
— How much is this sweater? 这件毛衣多少钱?
—It’s seven dollars. 七美元。
—What color is your bike? 你的自行车是什么颜色的?
—It’s green. 是绿色的。
—How old are you? 你多大了?
—I’m 15. 我十五岁了。
状元典例
I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. ( 对划线部分提问)
______ ______ did you pay for the sweater?
答案:How much
思路分析:浏览题干可知句中划线部分表示价格,故用疑问词how much 提问。
⑩ 对距离提问,疑问词用how far。
【例句】
— How far is it from your home to your school? 从你家到学校有多远?
—It’s about five kilometers. 大约5公里。
状元典例
It’s about two kilometers from here to the country. ( 对划线部分提问)
______ _____ _____ _____from here to the country?
答案:How far is it
思路分析:句中的划线部分two kilometers表示距离,故用疑问词how far 提问。
对日期、星期、天气等提问,则分别用句型What’s the date?; What day is it ?; What’s the weather like?/ How’s the weather? 。如果要表示过去的时间,就用was代替is。
【例句】
—What day is it today? 今天星期几?
—It’s Friday today. 今天星期五。
—What was the weather like yesterday? 昨天天气怎样?[来源:学科网]
—It was sunny yesterday. 昨天天气晴朗。
状元典例
It’s rainy today. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ the weather today?
答案:How’s
思路分析:浏览题干可知句中划线部分表示天气,故用句型W/hat’s the weather like ? 或How’s the weather? 来表示,根据设空处及句意可知用How’s。
2. 特殊疑问句的回答
一般疑问句可用yes或no来回答。但特殊疑问句不可用yes或no来回答,而应根据所问的内容直接作出回答。
【例句】
—How tall are you? 你多高?
—I’m1.7 meters tall. 我1.7米高。
—How is your brother? 你弟弟好吗?
—He’s fine. Thanks 他很好,谢谢。
3. 特殊疑问句的语调
在朗读特殊疑问句时用降调。
二、难点聚焦
1. 如果疑问词在句中作主语,则其后直接接动词,语序不变。
【例句】
Who is going to the park tomorrow? 明天谁要去公园?
/
状元典例
Mr. Wang teaches us English now. ( 对划线部分提问)
_____ _____ you English now?
答案:Who teaches
思路分析:句中划线部分表示人,并在句中作主语,故用疑问词who提问,且其后直接接动词。
2. 用whom提问的句子要注意:who是主格,whom是宾格,一般可以用who代替whom,但如果前面有介词,则只能用whom。
【例句】
Who/Whom are you waiting for?你正在等谁?
With whom did you work last month?上个月你和谁一起工作过?
状元典例[来源:学科网ZXXK]
My mother is speaking to my teacher. ( 对划线部分提问)
To _____ is _____ mother speaking?
答案:whom; your
思路分析:句中划线部分表示人,故用who或whom提问;题中介词to放在句首,故只可用whom作to的宾语。
3. 注意:以why not或why don’t you 提问的句子,译为“为什么不……呢?”,其后接动词原形,它们一般表示一种建议、劝告,也可表示责备的语气。
【例句】
Why not go to the zoo? 为什么不去动物园呢?
Why don’t you come a little earlier? 你为什么不早一点来呢?
4. 如为宾语从句,则其语序用陈述句语序。
【例句】
I don’t know what/ his job is. 我不知道他是做什么工作的。
状元典例
Do you think ______ ?
A. what time does he get up B. what time he does get up
C. what time he gets up D. what time does he gets up
答案:C
思路分析:浏览题干可知Do you think 后接一个宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除A,D两项;宾语从句中谓语动词是肯定的形式,就无须在动词前加do的各种形式,故排除B项。句意为“你认为他几点起床?”
5. how many, how much的区别。
how many用以提问可数名词的量,how many必须接名词的复数形式;
how much用来提问不可数名词的量,后接不可数名词。同时,how much还可用来提问某物的价格。
【例句】
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少学生?
How much milk is there in the bottle? 在瓶子里有多少牛奶?
状元典例
______ pieces of bre/ad did he eat yesterday?
A. How much B. How many C. What D. How
答案:B
思路分析:浏览题干和选项可知句意为“昨天他吃了多少片面包?”。修饰pieces应用how many;如修饰bread则用how much,故选B项。
6. how long, how often, how many times, how soon的辨析。
how long可对时间段或物体的长度进行提问,意为“多长时间或多长”。
how often可对时间的频率进行提问,意为“多久一次”。
how many times可对具体的次数进行提问,意为“多少次”。
how soon 可对“in + 一段时间”进行提问,意为“多快”,“多久以后”。
【例句】
How long do you often do morning exercises?做早操你通常做多长时间?
/
How long is your desk? 你的课桌多长?
How often do you write to your parents? 你多久给你父母写一封信?
How many times do you watch TV a week? 你一周看多少次电视?
How soon will you come back? 你过多久回来?
状元典例 1
—_____did he call you the day before yesterday?
— Twice.
A. What time B. How many times C. How much D. How long
答案:B
思路分析:根据答语可知表示“两次”,故问句为提问次数,用how many times。
状元典例2
I worked in that factory for two years. ( 对划线部分提问)
______ _____ _______ /you work in that factory?
答案:How long/ did
思路分析:浏览题干可知划线部分for two years表示一段时间/,故用how long 提问。
三、状元笔记
1. 注意特殊疑问句中疑问词的含义和用法。
疑问词
含义
询问对象
what
什么
指物的名词或做的事情
what color
什么颜色
颜色
which
哪一个
修饰名词的定语,且和名词连用
who

句子中表示人的主语或宾语
whom

句子中表示人的宾语
whose
谁的
物主代词和名词所有格
where
在哪里
位置、地点[来源:学科网]
why
为什么
原因
when/ what time
什么时候;何时
具体的时间
how
怎样;如何
方式;身体状况;程度
how long
多长;多久
时间段;物体长度
how often
多久一次
频率
how many times
多少次
次数
how soon
多快,多久以后
in+时间段
how old
多大
年龄
how far
多远
距离
2. 注意特殊疑问句的语序。
① 倒装语序。
特殊疑问词不作句子的主语时,用倒装语序,即:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
② 陈述句语序。
A. 特殊疑问词是句子主语时,用陈述句语序。
B. 在复合句中,句子语序用陈述句语序。
3. 注意几组疑问词的区别。
A. how many, how much
B. when, what time
C. who, whom
D. how long, how often, how soon, how many times
/
1. (北京)—______did you buy for your mom for Mother’s Day?
—Some flowers.
A. How B. Where C. When D. What
答案:D
思路分析:根据答语“一些花”可知设空处表示事物,故疑问词用what。
2. (福州) —_____ has your brother studied in New York?
—For two years.
A. How far B. How old C. How often D. How long
答案:D
思路分析:根据答语“两年”可知疑问词用how long,意为“多长时间”。A项意为“多远”,提问距离;B项意为“多大”,提问年龄;C项意为“多久一次”,提问频率,均与答语不符。
3. (山东滨州) — ______will you be away?
— In a couple of weeks.
A. What time B. How soon C. How often D. How long
答案:B
思路分析:答语意思是“两周后”,是“in+时间段”结构,故疑问词用how soon。句意“—你多久以后离开?—两周后”。故B项符合。
4. (北京) —_____ schoolbag is this?
—I guess it’s Lily’s.
A. What B. Who /C. Whose D. Which
答案:C
思路分析:根据答语“我猜是莉莉的”可知问句提问“谁的”,故疑问词用whose。
5. (广西梧州) —Do you know ______last night?
—Some school things.
A. what does she buy B. what she buys C. what did she buy D. what she bought
答案:D
思路分析:浏览题干可知主句Do you know后接的是从句,故语序用陈述句语序,排除A,C两项;根据last night可判断时态用一般过去时,排除B项。
6. (江苏苏州) —I wonder ____you’ll water this kind of tree.
—Once a week.
A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much
答案:A
思路分析:答语中的“一周一次”表示频率,故疑问词用how often。句意“—我想知道你多久浇一次这种树?。—/一周一次”。
7. (山西) —_____ does your pen pal study now?
—In France.
A. What B. How C. Where D. When
答案:C
思路分析:根据答语“在法国”可知设空处表示地点,故疑问词用where。
8. (甘肃) —The book is a bit hard.______ read something easier?
—All right.
A. Why not to B. Why do not C. Why not D. Why not you
答案:C
思路分析:本题考查表示建议的句型。“你为什么不做……呢?”可以用“Why not do…? 或Why don’t you do?”来表达。所以答案是C项。
特殊疑问句同步练习
(答题时间:40分钟)
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. — Excuse me. ______ is the nearest bookshop?
—Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.
A. How B. What C. Where D. Who
( )2. —______ is a ticker for the film Hacker He?
—About forty yuan.
A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often
( )3. —______ are you going?
— I’m going to the library.
A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where
( )**4. —It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it?
—Just to Shanghai.
A. How much B. How soon C. How long D. How far
( ) 5. — /______?
—It’s eight.
A. What day is it B. What’s five and three
C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number
( )6. _____ strawberries should I buy?
A. How much B. How many C. How many times D. How often
( )﹡7. —______ tea did you have?
— Two cups.
A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which
( )8. — _____shall we meet in the park?
—What about half past eight?
A. What B. When C. Where D. Which
( )**9. —______ a year does your school have sports meetings?
—Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
( )**10. — _____/_?
—The one behind the tree.
A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl
( )11. — _____ were you late for school this morning?
—Because I got up late.
A. How B. When C. Why D. What
( )**12. —______ will your father be back?
—In a week.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How wide
( )13. —_____ is Li Gang’s notebook?
—It’s on the desk.
A. Who B. When C. Where D. Why
( )**14. Do you know where ______ now?
A. Mr. Wang worked B. Mr. Wang works
C. does Mr. Wang work D. is Mr. Wang working
( )﹡15. —_____ does your sister look like?
—She has big eyes with curly hair.
A. Who B. How C/. What D. Which
Ⅱ. 根据句意,请从方框中选出合适的特殊疑问词来完成句子
what, how, when, where, whose, which, why, who
1. I have two apples, __________one do you like better?
**2. —__________ do you go to school every day ?
—On foot.
3. —___________did you go last night?
—I went to the cinema.
4. —___________do you get up so early?
— Because I want to do morning exercises ( 做早操).
5. —______can I do for you?
—I would like a pencil.
6. —______shirt is this ?
—Maybe it’s Lily’s.
7. —______did you go to bed last night?
—At about 11:00.
8. —_______do you want to buy for your mother?
— A sweater.
9. —_____ do Jim and Wendy play ball?
—They play ball in the afternoon.
10. —____ are they?
—They are my parents.
Ⅲ. 就划线部分提问
﹡1. My mother is a policewoman.
____ _____ your mother ______?
2. Mary is hungry.
_____ is hungry?
3. We are playing basketball.
_____ are you ______?
﹡4. She usually goes to work by bike every day.
_____ _____ she usually ______to work every day?
﹡5. The blue T-shirt is Bill’s.
______ _____the blue T-shirt?
6. My father will go to Kunming next week.
_______ _______ your father go to Kunming?
7. His brother is about five years old.
_______ _______ is his brother?
8. They went to the park yesterday afternoon.
______ _____they _______yesterday afternoon?
**9. Jane and her brother will finish the work in two hours.
_____ _____ _____ Jane and her brother finish the work?
﹡10. Yesterday was Sunday.
____ _____ _____ it yesterday?
答案与解析
Ⅰ.
1-5. CCDDB 6-10. BBBDC 11-15. CCCBC
思路分析:
4. 根据答语“就到过上海”可知问句询问距离,故疑问词用how far。句意“—那是一辆漂亮/的轿车。你开着它已走了多远?—就到过上海”。
7. 根据答语“两杯”可知问句询问数量;问句中tea意为“茶”,是不可数名词,故用how much提问。
9. 根据答语“一年两次”可知设空处表示频率,但是问句中有a year,说明只询问前面的次数,故用疑问词how many times来提问。
10. 根据答语“树后的那个”可知问句询问“哪个女孩”,故选C项。
12. 浏览各选项可知A项意为“多久”,对时间段提问;B项意为“多久一次”,对频率进行提问;C项意为“多快”,提问“in+时间段”;D项意为“多宽”,对宽度进行提问。根据句意可知C项符合。
14. 浏览题干可知考查由where引导的句子作从句,故语序用陈述句语序,C,D两项排除;根据时间状语now可判断不用过去式,故排除A项。
15. 根据答语“她有大眼睛,留着卷发”可知问句询问“长相”,故用what提问。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
Ⅱ.
1. which 2. How 3. Where 4. Why 5. What 6. Whose 7. When 8. What 9. When 10. Who
Ⅲ.
1. What does; do 2. Who 3. What; doing 4. How does; go 5. Whose is
6. When will 7. How old 8. Where did; go 9. How soon will 10. What day was