初中英语语法课件——名词(38PPT)

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名称 初中英语语法课件——名词(38PPT)
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更新时间 2018-11-05 09:29:32

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课件38张PPT。语 法 专 题名词指人或事物的名称的词.
名 词名词专有名词:特定的人,地点等.(首字母大写)
例:New York, Yao Ming普通名词可数名词不可数名词能够以数计算的事物的名词不能以数计算的事物的名词单数名词复数名词?例:液体,气体等。milk, water, air…例:pen, student, flowers…普通名词:指一般的人,事物等.
例:apple, pen, doctor ?

名词不可数名词— 只有单数形式,且不可加 a/an可数名词
单数名词—名词前加a/an复数名词—名词后加s/es
不可数名词复数的表示
表示方法:
数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词
常用词有:
a piece of 一张/ 块/ 则 a bottle of 一瓶
a cup of 一杯
a glass of 一玻璃杯 填空 找规律
Ps:数词>1,量词用复数,of后用原形
__ ____ __ paper(一张纸)
__ _____ __ water(一滴水)
___ _____ __ tea (两杯茶)
____ _____ __ bread (三片面包)apieceofadropoftwocupsofthreepiecesof可数名词
的复数形式flowerflowers找规律booksbook watchesboxesbusesbrushes[b?ks?z] ['b?s?z] factoriesbaby babies factoryboys boy leafwolfwolvesleavesknifeknives[wulvz] [li:vz][na?vz] 找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes 1. 一般情况词尾+ s books pencils
2. 以s, x,ch ,sh 结尾的+es
buses , boxes , watches, brushes
3. 以辅音+y结尾的,把y改成i+es
city — cities family—families
但是元音+y结尾的,直接+s
boys , keys
4. 以f,fe 结尾的把f,fe改为v ,再加es
life —lives knife — knives
5. 以 o (辅音)结尾的名词,一般加 –es
tomato → tomatoes ; hero → heroes
以 o (元音)结尾的名词,加 –s
radio —radios zoo —zoos
6. 以 th 结尾的名词加s;
mouth —mouths month —months
名词的复数(规则变化) 注意
stomachs, pianos, photos, zoos,
radios, roofs, beliefs不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womenman--mengoose--geesemouse -- micefoot --feet1.单复数相同的名词: 中国人,日本人都非常喜欢绵羊,鱼和鹿.
  Chinese Japanese people
sheep fish deer
2. 只有复数形式
trousers(裤子) ,pants, glasses (眼镜),可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化)3.单复数不同形(特殊名词的变化):
1)改变中间元音
foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese man—men woman—women mouse-mice
2)词尾加-en或-ren
child—children ox—oxen可数名词的单数变复数(不规则变化)名词单数变复数的发音规则
有的单词虽然是s 结尾,但是是不可数名词
news (新闻) physics( 物理)
maths (数学) politics (政治)

Eg.
Maths is a useful language .
复合名词的复数 (1)将主体词变为复数
passer-by passers-by(路人)
college student college students(大学生)
(2)两个词都变为复数
man-worker men-workers
woman-teacher women-teachers
单复数意思不同 paper-papers (文件) work-works (工厂,作品)
water-waters (水域)
time-times(时代)
good-goods (商品)
wood-woods(树林)sheep mouseHey! Please come to my house!sheepMr.Sheep,
How many sheep are there in your family?There are two sheep.
How many mice are there in your family? mouseThere are six mice.练 一 练看一看这些知识你都会了吗?I have two ___and ___.
A. leg , feet B. legs , foots C. legs , feet
How many ___ are there in the city ?
A. factories B. factorys C.factoris D. factory
3. You must clean your ____ every day.
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. teeths
?
C
A

B

名词所有格 定义:表示两个名词的所属关系,如:xxx的···(某某的···)所有格的构成方式1. 由名词加’s构成,通常用来表示有生命的东西
2. 由 of加名词构成,通常用来表示没有生命的东西Ⅰ. ’s所有格1.名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加 ’s,读法和名词复数发音规则一样。
如: Mary’s letter , the girl’s story ,Miss Liu’s students
2. 复数名词所有格的变化形式
(1)如果是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是在名词后加“’” 。
如:the twins’ bedroom
the students’ books
(2)如果名词的复数形式不是以-s或-es结尾,它的所有格是直接加’s。
如:a children’s book(儿童读物)
the men’s shoes 3. 如果两个人共同拥有一样物品时,只在后面一个名词后加’s。
如:Lucy and Lily’s book
4.如果一样的物品不是两个人共同拥有而是各自都有时,它的所有格是在两个名词后都加上’s。
如: Lucy’s and Lily’s booksⅡ.由of+名词构成的所有格of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:
the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:
the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词:
the struggle of the oppressedThis is ____________(Dan and Tina) mother.
几人共有一件东西,在最后一人名字后-’s.
These are _____________(Dan and Tina) mothers.
各自拥有,分别在名字后’s.Dan and Tina’sDan’s and Tina’s根据所给单词的正确形式填空:
1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)
2. I often go to work on . (foot)
3. I know one of the . (boy)
4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)
5. Please give them their . (photo)
6. Are there any in the box? (watch)
7. There are twelve in a year. (month)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthsNOUN. 名词所有格练习Translate these phase below.
中国的地图 美国的首都
桌子的四条腿 教室的两扇窗户
老师们的办公室 男人们的衣服
Linda的课本 Peter和Bill的爸爸
奶奶的眼镜
Lucy’s mother and Lily’s mother
teachers of our school
the foot of the hill ( ) 1. Please give me ______ paper.? A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2.Bill runs fast. He won the? _____ 800-metre race yesterday.
A.boys B.boys’ C.boy D.boy‘s . ( ) 3. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 4. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.? A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes
C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs
( ) 5. The ______ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into ______ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’
C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’
课时训练DBAC选择填空:CGood Bye!