Unit 1 Great scientists Using language (共41张PPT)
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Great scientists Using language (共41张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 477.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2018-11-04 20:52:36 | ||
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课件41张PPT。 What does astronomy study? Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies (such as the stars(恒星), planets, the moon, the galaxy).astronomer 天文学家 put forward a theory
a scientific research
be exposed to 遭受到； 使接触到
I have been exposed to English for some 9 years.
construct —— construction 建设
instruct ——instruction 命令；指令；教导under construction 正在建设中
They are planning to ____________ a new supermarket.
What you need to do is just following the___________.
constructinstructions按照说明；听从指示 除…之外： apart from; besides; except；except forexcept 强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系。
except for 指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正，肯定大的方面指出小的不足。
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
besides 作“除…之外”时则表示“另外附加”的含义, 相当于in addition to，as well as。
We need 3 more persons to finish the job besides us two.
apart from 使用情况多，即相当于besides,也可表示except或except for
Apart from a few faults, he is a faithful friend.
Apart from going to the park, I limit my movements to my neighbourhood.
Apart from English, we study Spanish.
=Except=Except for =Besides Copernicus' Revolutionary TheoryPre-readingWhat do you know about Copernicus?
What is his theory about?
Why is his theory revolutionary?He is the first person to put forward
the Sun-centered Theory
——Heliocentric Theory 日心说 [hi:li?u'sentrik]Nicolaus Copernicus He lived at a time when ideas about science and mathematics were controlled by the Christian Church(基督教会). People believed that the Earth stood still in the sky and the sun and planets went round it. This was because the Bible said that God had made the Earth and sent his son, Jesus Christ, to live there. astronomeroccupation:or？ As God thought the Earth was so important, the Christian scientists
(基督教科学家) thought the Earth must be the centre of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations (数学观察) to collect information. All his calculations and observations (计算和观察)proved that the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturn土星Neptune
海王星Uranus天王星Pluto冥王星the solar systemOrbit轨道Before Copernicus’ theory Copernicus’ theorySunearthearthSunthe solar system with the earth at its centre the solar system with the sun at its centre Two theories of the universeCareful readingRead the text carefully, then answer these questions.Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.(2) What was his theory about? (Para 1) All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(1) Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1)(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop(圈, 环). Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.(4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.(5) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4) He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.
. He published it as he lay dying in 1543.lie dying 临终Because Copernicus’ theory is the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity and showed this was obviously wrong. Also there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.6. Why is his theory important? (para 6)DiscussionAs a scientist, one should be brave. But
Copernicus was afraid of being attacked
by the Christian Church.So he’d hidden
his theory for nearly 30 years. What do
you think of this? I agree. I support him.
I don’t agree with him . I don’t think so.Bruno was born five years after Copernicus
died. He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory,
which was against the Church’s will.
In 1600, he was burnt to death. Agree:
1.He was cautious. If he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno.
2. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal.
3. He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first.
It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. Disagree:
1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.
2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings.
3.No matter how people oppose them, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong. If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years?
Give reasons…all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.
=resulted in
= brought about
=contributed to
All the roads lead to Rome.
Carelessness led to the car accident.
We contributed 5000 dollars to the earthquake fund.
Fresh air contributes to good health.
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
make a contribution to
make contributions to 向…捐赠有助于；促使；导致对…做贡献投稿◆ Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
=The movements of the other planets in the
sky make sense only if you put the sun there. “Only + 副词 /介词短语/状语从句”
位于句首,句子要倒装。
只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
1) Only then _____he realize the importance of English.
2) Only by shouting ______ you able to make yourself heard.
3) Only if a teacher gives permission _____a student allowed to enter the room.
4) Only when he told me ____ I know Tome had gone to Beijing.
did are isdid make sense 讲得通；有道理
1) The sentence doesn’t make any sense.
2) It makes sense to take care of your health.
3) Can you make sense of what the author said?
make sense of 理解，明白
make no sense 没有意义；无道理
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不
have a sense of … 有…感
There is no sense in doing sth.
做某事没有道理
In no sense can you do that again.would have done 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 ◆ Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
with +宾语+宾语补足语的结构
宾语the planets 和宾语补足语go around it 是主动关系，用现在分词。
with +宾语+ 介词短语
副词
形容词
He sat there with a smile on his face.
With Mr. Smith away, we’ve got more room.
He likes sleeping with windows open.
with的复合结构的常见形式(2)with +宾语+ doing (表示主动、进行)
done (表示被动、完成)
to do (表示将来)
1. He lay on the grass with his eyes_______ (look) at the sky.
2. The girl sat there still with her eyes ______(fix) on the wall.
3. The living room is clean and tidy with a dinning table already _____(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
4. With the boy ______ (lead) the way, we will find the house easily.lookingfixedlaidto lead ◆work on 从事She is working on a new novel.
= She is writing a new novel.◆enthusiastic: adj. having enthusiasm
热心的，满腔热情的 enthusiastic support
热情的支持 be enthusiastic about
对某事充满热情cautious (adj.) 小心的, 谨慎的
a cautious driver
be cautious about /of 对…谨慎
I am very cautious about/of giving my address to strangers.
caution n. 细心；谨慎
with caution= cautiously 仔细地…so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543
lie dying 临终
lie open 开着
lie empty 闲置着
The book lay open on the table.
The remaining areas lie empty. reject (vt.) 拒绝, 不接受，排斥; 抛弃
I proposed to (求婚) her, but she rejected me. refuse (vt.) refuse to do reject 后不加to do，reject 还有“抛弃，剔除”之意。
Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.
I proposed to (求婚) her, but she refused to accept me. Write a short letter asking Copernicus (not) to publish his ideas so everyone can read themWriting Persuasive writing (Please refer to P8 Learning Tip)
Now writing a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.
First you need to collect your ideas. For example:
He believes his new theory is true.
There are problems with the present theory.
He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true.
Science can’t develop unless people publish their ideas.
Time will show if his theory is true or not.Here is a plan:
Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideas.
Paragraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence.
Paragraph 2: Reason 2 and evidence.
Summing up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas.
One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory. I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Hua
a scientific research
be exposed to 遭受到； 使接触到
I have been exposed to English for some 9 years.
construct —— construction 建设
instruct ——instruction 命令；指令；教导under construction 正在建设中
They are planning to ____________ a new supermarket.
What you need to do is just following the___________.
constructinstructions按照说明；听从指示 除…之外： apart from; besides; except；except forexcept 强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示同类之间的关系。
except for 指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正，肯定大的方面指出小的不足。
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.
besides 作“除…之外”时则表示“另外附加”的含义, 相当于in addition to，as well as。
We need 3 more persons to finish the job besides us two.
apart from 使用情况多，即相当于besides,也可表示except或except for
Apart from a few faults, he is a faithful friend.
Apart from going to the park, I limit my movements to my neighbourhood.
Apart from English, we study Spanish.
=Except=Except for =Besides Copernicus' Revolutionary TheoryPre-readingWhat do you know about Copernicus?
What is his theory about?
Why is his theory revolutionary?He is the first person to put forward
the Sun-centered Theory
——Heliocentric Theory 日心说 [hi:li?u'sentrik]Nicolaus Copernicus He lived at a time when ideas about science and mathematics were controlled by the Christian Church(基督教会). People believed that the Earth stood still in the sky and the sun and planets went round it. This was because the Bible said that God had made the Earth and sent his son, Jesus Christ, to live there. astronomeroccupation:or？ As God thought the Earth was so important, the Christian scientists
(基督教科学家) thought the Earth must be the centre of the universe.
Nicolaus Copernicus was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations (数学观察) to collect information. All his calculations and observations (计算和观察)proved that the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterSaturn土星Neptune
海王星Uranus天王星Pluto冥王星the solar systemOrbit轨道Before Copernicus’ theory Copernicus’ theorySunearthearthSunthe solar system with the earth at its centre the solar system with the sun at its centre Two theories of the universeCareful readingRead the text carefully, then answer these questions.Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.(2) What was his theory about? (Para 1) All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(1) Why could he not tell about his theory? (Para 1)(3) What had the astronomers noticed in the sky? (Para 2) They had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop(圈, 环). Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.(4) When did Copernicus complete his theory? (Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.(5) How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars? When did he publish his idea? (Para 4) He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.
. He published it as he lay dying in 1543.lie dying 临终Because Copernicus’ theory is the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity and showed this was obviously wrong. Also there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.6. Why is his theory important? (para 6)DiscussionAs a scientist, one should be brave. But
Copernicus was afraid of being attacked
by the Christian Church.So he’d hidden
his theory for nearly 30 years. What do
you think of this? I agree. I support him.
I don’t agree with him . I don’t think so.Bruno was born five years after Copernicus
died. He stuck to the Sun-centered Theory,
which was against the Church’s will.
In 1600, he was burnt to death. Agree:
1.He was cautious. If he had published his ideas, he would have been killed just as Bruno.
2. Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. Every time when a new idea appears, there are always rejections. It’s normal.
3. He was just cautious not coward. He should protect himself first.
It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry. Disagree:
1.Copernicus was very coward. He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier.
2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. As a scientist, you must have the courage to publish your findings.
3.No matter how people oppose them, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong. If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years?
Give reasons…all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.
=resulted in
= brought about
=contributed to
All the roads lead to Rome.
Carelessness led to the car accident.
We contributed 5000 dollars to the earthquake fund.
Fresh air contributes to good health.
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
make a contribution to
make contributions to 向…捐赠有助于；促使；导致对…做贡献投稿◆ Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
=The movements of the other planets in the
sky make sense only if you put the sun there. “Only + 副词 /介词短语/状语从句”
位于句首,句子要倒装。
只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
1) Only then _____he realize the importance of English.
2) Only by shouting ______ you able to make yourself heard.
3) Only if a teacher gives permission _____a student allowed to enter the room.
4) Only when he told me ____ I know Tome had gone to Beijing.
did are isdid make sense 讲得通；有道理
1) The sentence doesn’t make any sense.
2) It makes sense to take care of your health.
3) Can you make sense of what the author said?
make sense of 理解，明白
make no sense 没有意义；无道理
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不
have a sense of … 有…感
There is no sense in doing sth.
做某事没有道理
In no sense can you do that again.would have done 虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 ◆ Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me.
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
with +宾语+宾语补足语的结构
宾语the planets 和宾语补足语go around it 是主动关系，用现在分词。
with +宾语+ 介词短语
副词
形容词
He sat there with a smile on his face.
With Mr. Smith away, we’ve got more room.
He likes sleeping with windows open.
with的复合结构的常见形式(2)with +宾语+ doing (表示主动、进行)
done (表示被动、完成)
to do (表示将来)
1. He lay on the grass with his eyes_______ (look) at the sky.
2. The girl sat there still with her eyes ______(fix) on the wall.
3. The living room is clean and tidy with a dinning table already _____(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
4. With the boy ______ (lead) the way, we will find the house easily.lookingfixedlaidto lead ◆work on 从事She is working on a new novel.
= She is writing a new novel.◆enthusiastic: adj. having enthusiasm
热心的，满腔热情的 enthusiastic support
热情的支持 be enthusiastic about
对某事充满热情cautious (adj.) 小心的, 谨慎的
a cautious driver
be cautious about /of 对…谨慎
I am very cautious about/of giving my address to strangers.
caution n. 细心；谨慎
with caution= cautiously 仔细地…so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543
lie dying 临终
lie open 开着
lie empty 闲置着
The book lay open on the table.
The remaining areas lie empty. reject (vt.) 拒绝, 不接受，排斥; 抛弃
I proposed to (求婚) her, but she rejected me. refuse (vt.) refuse to do reject 后不加to do，reject 还有“抛弃，剔除”之意。
Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.
I proposed to (求婚) her, but she refused to accept me. Write a short letter asking Copernicus (not) to publish his ideas so everyone can read themWriting Persuasive writing (Please refer to P8 Learning Tip)
Now writing a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.
First you need to collect your ideas. For example:
He believes his new theory is true.
There are problems with the present theory.
He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true.
Science can’t develop unless people publish their ideas.
Time will show if his theory is true or not.Here is a plan:
Beginning: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideas.
Paragraph 1: Reason 1 and evidence.
Paragraph 2: Reason 2 and evidence.
Summing up: Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas.
One possible version:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory. I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Hua