Unit 2 Great People
Lesson 7: What Is the Meaning of Life?
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
meaning, dialogue, successful, survey, neighbour
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Those are all really important questions and very difficult to answer.
2) I’m not sure how to answer them.
3) My dad always says that we should be good to others.
4) Let’s write these questions down.
Language Points:
1. meaning
【用法】作可数名词，意为“意思”，是动词mean的动名词形式起形容词作用。
【举例】Can you tell me the meaning of this new word? 你能告诉我这个生词的意思吗？
2. Those are all really important questions and very difficult to answer. 那些都是很重要的问题并且很难回答。
【用法】?句式“be + 形容词 + 不定式”意为“很……做某事……”。
【举例】This kind of work is easy to complete. 这种工作很容易完成。
3. I’m not sure how to answer them. 我不能肯定如何回答它们。
【用法】不定式可以与疑问词?who, what, which, when, how, where 等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语等。
【举例】①Where to buy this kind of computer is a problem. 到哪里去买这种计算机是一个问题。（作主语）②I really don’t know what to do. 我的确不知道该怎么办了。（作宾语）③The question is how to get there. 问题是怎么到那里去。（作表语）④Can you tell me which one to choose? 你能告诉我该选择哪一个吗？（作宾语补足语）
4. My dad always says that we should be good to others. 我父亲总说我们应该对别人好一些。
【用法】句式be good to somebody 意为“对某人态度友好”。类似句式还有：be polite to, be friendly to, to kind to, be nice to, be rude to等。
【举例】His classmates are all friendly to him. 他的同学们对他很友好。
Lesson 8: A Universe of Thought
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
universe, Albert Einstein, lifetime, solve, theory, relativity, Switzerland, pioneer, Nobel, Princeton, nuclear, weapon, conclusion, false
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1）Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity.
2）For one of those articles, he received the Nobel Prize in 1921.
3）The important thing is not to stop questioning.
4）Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.
Language Points:
1. solve
【用法】作及物动词，意为“解答、解决”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】I don’t think I can solve these problems. 我想我不能解决这些问题。
2. Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦为他的相对来说最为出名。
【用法】句式be famous for 意为“因……而著名、出名”，后加表示物的名词、代词作介词for的宾语。
【举例】Hangzhou is famous for tea and silk. 杭州因茶和丝绸而出名。
【拓展】句式be famous as意为“作为……而著名、出名”；后加表示人的名词、代词作介词as的宾语。
【举例】Yang Liping is famous as a dancer. 杨丽萍作为舞蹈演员而出名。
3. The important thing is not to stop questioning. 最重要的事情是不要放弃提问。
【用法】这句话中的not to stop questioning 是动名词的否定形式，它由否定副词 not 加上动名词构成。在这句话中，动名词用在系词后作表语。
【举例】①He is worried about not going to the concert. 他担心的是不能参加音乐会。②To us students, the first task is studying hard. 对我们学生来说，第一个任务就是努力学习。
Lesson 9: China’s Most Famous “Farmer”
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
universe, Albert Einstein, lifetime, solve, theory, relativity, Switzerland, pioneer, Nobel, Princeton, nuclear, weapon, conclusion, false
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1）Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity.
2）For one of those articles, he received the Nobel Prize in 1921.
3）The important thing is not to stop questioning.
4）Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.
Language Points:
1. produce
【用法】作及物动词，意为“出产、生产”，是后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】Our factory produces radios and televisions. 我们工厂生产收音机和电视机。
【拓展】product是produce 的名词形式，意为“产品”。
【举例】This kind of product sells well. Is that so? 这种产品很畅销。是这样吗？
2. In the dream, he grew a new type of rice that was as big as a peanut. 在梦中，他种了一种想花生一样大的水稻。
【用法】句式as…as…表示程度相同，第一个as是副词，后加形容词或副词的原级。
【举例】①Jim is as honest as Billy. 吉姆和比利一样诚实。②She works as carefully as her sister. 她和她姐姐工作一样认真。
【拓展】句式not as (so) …as 表示一方不如另一方。
【举例】①The weather in Beijing is not as (so) hot as that in Wuhan. 北京的天气不如武汉的天气热。②I don’t run as (so) fast as you. 我不如你跑得快。
3. Since then, he has spent much of his time researching and developing new varieties. 从那时起，他花费很多时间研究和开发新品种。
【用法】表示“花费”，可用于两个句式中：spend…on…和spend…(in) doing…。
【举例】①Each person spent about 100 yuan on food every month. 在伙食上每人每月花100元左右。 ②He doesn’t spend all his time (in) working. 他没有把全部精力用在工作上。
【拓展】不能说spend money in buying something，要说spend money on something 或spend money to buy something。不能说?spend time to do something，而要说spend time in doing something。在主动语态中，spend…(in) doing…中的介词in可以省略，在被动语态中则不能省略。
【举例】Three hours was spent in doing the work. 做这项工作花了三个小时的时间。
Lesson 10: Touch the World I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
planetary, Helen Keller, writer, educator, blind, deaf, illness, ability, Anne Sullivan, progress, community, greatly
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Helen Keller, the well-known writer and educator, died yesterday at the age of 88.
2) Before her illness, Helen was a bright and happy girl.
3) Anne was filled with pride.
4) She also learned to write and even speak.
Language Points:
1. blind
【用法】作形容词，意为“失明的、瞎的、盲目的”，在句中作表语或定语。另，the blind表示“盲人”，是集体名词。
【举例】①Her uncle is blind in both eyes. 她叔叔双目失明。②This is a very blind decision. 这是一个很盲目的决定。
2. progress
【用法】作不可数名词，意为“进步、进展”，短语make progress表示“取得进步”。
【举例】Danny has made great progress recently. 丹尼近来取得了很大的进步。
【用法】作不及物动词，意为“发展、前进”。
【举例】The soldiers will progress on. 战士们要继续前进。
3. Helen Keller, the well-known writer and educator, died yesterday at the age of 88. 海伦·凯勒，著名的作家和教育家，昨天去世了，享年88岁。
【用法】句中的at the age of 意为“在……岁时”，后加基数词的单数形式，用来表示年龄，可以与“when + 主语 + be + 年龄”替换。
【举例】He began to learn the accordion at the age of four. = He began to learn the accordion when he was four years old.他四岁时开始学手风琴。
【拓展】类似的短语还有“in one’s + 基数词复数形式”，意思是“在……多岁时”。
【举例】Mr. Wang went to America in his thirties. 王先生在他30多岁时去了美国。
4. Before her illness, Helen was a bright and happy girl. 在得病之前，海伦是个聪明快乐的孩子。
【用法】before her illness是介词短语，意为“在生病之前”，在句中作状语。我们可以用时间状语从句Before she was ill替换它。这种介词短语作状语的句式可用从句进行替换。
【举例】①She didn’t come to school because of illness. = She didn’t come to school because she was ill. 由于疾病，她没来上学。②Nothing can live without air or water. = Nothing can live if there is no air or water. 没有空气和水什么都不能生存。
【举例】It is too late. Please stop playing games. 时间很晚了。请不要玩游戏了。
Lesson 11: To China, with Love I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
Norman Bethune, graduate, Toronto, remain, anti, decision, aid, worst, condition, operate, government, medical
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) With a lot of hard work, he found new ways to help people with T.B.—a disease that damages the lungs.
2) Norman Bethune is well known for helping the Chinese people in the Anti-Japanese War.
3) He once operated for sixty-nine hours straight without stopping.
4) To remember him, the government set up Bethune Medical School and the Bethune International Hospital in Shijiazhuang.
Language Points:
1. With a lot of hard work, he found new ways to help people with T.B.—a disease that damages the lungs. 经过很多艰苦的工作，他找到了帮助人们治疗伤害人肺部的肺结核的方法。
【用法】句中的to help people with T.B.—a disease that damages the lungs是动词不定式短语用在名词way后作定语。不定式有时起形容词作用修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
【举例】①Is there anyone to look after these children? 有人照看这些孩子吗？②Are there many places to see in Washington? 在华盛顿有许多可看的地方吗？
【拓展】如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面应加上介词或副词。
【举例】①They have a lot of things to talk about. 他们有很多事情要谈。②Are there many places to see in Washington? 在华盛顿有许多可看的地方吗？There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
2. He once operated for sixty-nine hours straight without stopping. 他曾经没有停下来而连续作了69个小时的手术。
【用法】句中的without stopping 是介词短语作状语，修饰前面的动词operate。介词without后加名词、代词、动名词构成介词短语作状语后可作状语，意为“没有……”。
【举例】She went to school without having breakfast. 她没吃早饭就去上学了。
3. To remember him, the government set up Bethune Medical School and the Bethune International Hospital in Shijiazhuang. 为了记住他，政府在石家庄建了白求恩医学院和白求恩国际医院。
【用法】句中的to remember him是动词不定式短语用在句首作状语，表示目的。不定式作状语还可直接用在动词后。
【举例】①Emma came to see me yesterday morning. 埃玛昨天上午来看我了。②To learn English well, she went to in England. 为了学好英语，她去了英国。
Lesson 12: Guess My Hero! I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
crossword, puzzle, based, whom, anybody, chemistry
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I thought about it as I walked to and from school.
2) It would be somebody who I like very much.
3) I said that this person was the same age as them.
4) I told them that you made it for me.
Language Points:
1. I thought about it as I walked to and from school. 当我上学和放学时我都在考虑它。
【用法when, while, as 都可引导时间状语从句。这几个词都可以表示“当……时候”，当它们引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性的，三个词可以互换。其中when的用法最广，既可以表示比从句早或晚的动作，也可以表示与从句同时进行的动作，可以指时间点，也可以指时间段；并且它可以与短暂性动词连用。as 表示与主句同时进行的动作，指时间点时可以与when互换。while 只指时间段，引导延续性动作；如表示与主句动作同时进行时，可与when, as 互换。
【举例】①When (As, While) he talked on, he got more and more excited.他越谈越激动。 （这句话中的主句和从句动词动作同时进行，表示时间段）②He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 他赶紧回家，一边走一边往后看。 （主句和从句动作平行，表示时间段）③While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were reading. 孩子在玩玩具，他的父母在看书。(表示时间段，主句和从句都是同时进行的表示延续的动作)
2. I told them that you made it for me. 我告诉他们这是你给我做的。
【用法】某些及物动词后面可以加两个宾语，一个表示人，叫间接宾语；一个表示物，叫直接宾语，它们和在一起称作双宾语。双宾语在句子的位置有两种：
主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
主语 + 及物动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词 to 或 for + 间接宾语
如果把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前就应该加介词to或for。这里加to 或for与动词有关，能够加to的动词有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise, refuse, sell, take, teach, call, wish等。能够加for的动词有：make, buy, do, get, play, order, sing, dance, cook, pay, build, fill, find, prepare, save, win等。
【举例】①He will make me a new kite. = He will make a new kite for me. 他要给我做一个新风筝。②Grandpa often tells us stories. = Grandpa often tells stories to us. 爷爷经常给我们讲故事。
Unit 1 Stay Healthy
Lesson 1: What’s Wrong, Danny?
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
stomach, regret, fever, pale, Sara, examination, pain, X-ray
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Danny wakes up his parents.
2) I regret eating so many donuts now.
3) Need we go there right now?
4) She takes them to a small examination room.
5) Danny needs to stay in the hospital today.
Language Points:
1. regret
【用法】作及物动词，意为“对……感到后悔”，后加名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
【举例】①Tony has been regretting that matter. 托尼对那件事情一直感到很后悔。②I regret making such a foolish decision. 我后悔做出这么愚蠢的决定。
【用法】作不可数名词，意为“遗憾、惋惜”。
【举例】His great regret is not seeing his father for the last time. 他最大的遗憾是没有能最后一次见他父亲一面。
2. Danny wakes up his parents. 丹尼把他的父母叫醒了。
【用法】短语wake up意为“叫醒”，这是“动词+副词”短语。这类短语用名词作宾语时，名词可在副词前，也可用在副词后；如用代词作宾语时，代词则必须用在副词前。故这句话中的wake up his parents 还可说为wake his parents up。
【举例】Mum, will you please wake me up at five tomorrow morning? 妈妈，你能在明天早晨五点钟叫醒我吗？
【拓展】wake up也可不带宾语，意为“醒来”。
【举例】That baby suddenly woke up and cried. 那个婴儿突然醒了，然后哭了起来。
3. She takes them to a small examination room. 她带他们去了一个小检查室。
【用法】句式take somebody to…意为“带某人去某地”，介词to后加表示地点的名词或代词。
【举例】My father took me to the zoo last Sunday. 上个星期日我父亲带我去了动物园。
4. Danny needs to stay in the hospital today.
【用法】句中的need作实义动词用，意为“需要”，后面可加名词、代词、不定式、动名词作宾语。
【举例】①They are certain to need help. 他们一定需要帮助。②You don’t need to buy a new computer. 你不必买新计算机。③This machine needs repairing. 这台机器需要维修了。
【拓展】作情态动词用，意为“需要、必须”，后加动词原形，并且多用于否定句和疑问句中。
【举例】She needn’t wait for them. 她不必等他们了。
Lesson 2: A Visit to the Dentist
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
dentist, refuse, toothache, rotten, fortunately, headset, aching, German, wolf
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1）I’m really afraid of going to the dentist.
2）I had no choice but to go with her.
3）She saw right away that I was scared and told me not to worry.
4）Before I knew it, my aching tooth was fixed.
Language Points:
1. refuse
【用法】作不及物动词，意为“拒绝、回绝”，后面的动词可用不定式形式。
【举例】①We invited him to our party, but he refused. 我邀请他参加我们的聚会，但他拒绝了。②She refused to travel with us. 她拒绝和我们一起去旅行。
【用法】作及物动词，意为“拒绝给予”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】The United States has refused him a visa. 美国拒绝给他发放签证。
2. I’m really afraid of going to the dentist. 我真的害怕去看牙医。
【用法】句式be afraid of 意为“害怕……”，后加名词、代词、动名词作介词of的宾语。
【举例】①My little sister is afraid of cats. 我的小妹妹怕猫。②Tony is afraid of coming out at night. 托尼害怕在晚上出来。
【拓展】句式be afraid to do …意为“害怕做某事”；另，be afraid 后还可加宾语从句，意为“恐怕……”。
【举例】①Danny is afraid to stay at home alone. 丹尼害怕独自呆在家里。②We are afraid that we can’t finish all the work today. 我们恐怕今天不能完成所有的工作。
3. I had no choice but to go with her. 我没有别的选择只有和她一起去了。
【用法】句式have no choice but to do…表示“别无选择只能做……”，注意but后的动词要用不定式形式。
【举例】They had no other choice but to work hard. 他们没有别的选择只有努力工作。
Lesson 3: Good Food, Good Health
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
grain, corn, vitamin, mineral, fiber, protein, bean, Asian, soy, calcium, bone, yogurt, contain, balanced, diet
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1. They help you grow and stay healthy.
2. They’re made with lots of fresh vegetables.
3. Do we need to balance our diet?
Language Points:
1. corn
【用法】作可数名词，意为“玉米”，复数形式是corns。
【举例】They planted a lot of corns on their farm. 他们在农场上种了很多玉米。
2. Breakfast cereal is also made of different grains. 早餐麦片也是由不同的谷物制成的。
【用法】句中的短语be made of…意思是“由……制成”，通过成品可以看出原材料。
【举例】These tables are all made of wood. 这些桌子都是木头做的。
【拓展】类似的短语还有：
be made from… “由……制成”，通过成品不能看出原材料。
be made in… “在某地制造”。
be made by somebody “由某人制造”。
be made into… “把……制成”，指把原料制成成品。
【举例】①This kind of paper is made from grass. 这种纸是用草制成的。②That bicycle is made in Tianjin.那辆自行车是天津制造的。③This kite was made by Li Ming.这个风筝是李明做的。④Grapes can be made into wine.葡萄能酿成酒。
2. Calcium makes your bones and teeth strong. 钙能使你的骨骼和牙齿坚固。
【用法】句中的形容词strong用在your bones and teeth后作宾语补足语。动词make后面可以加名词、代词、不带to的不定式、形容词、过去分词等词语构成的复合结构。
【举例】①We made Bill our monitor. 我们选比尔当班长。 ②The boss makes the workers work long hours every day. 老板迫使工人们每天工作很长时间。③What makes you so happy? 什么事情让你这么高兴？④This made her so frightened. 这件事使他很害怕。
Lesson 4: Don’t Smoke, Please! I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
smoke, harmful, disease, lung, breathe, harm, cigarette, whenever, risk, somebody
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) In many countries, smoking in public places is now against the law.
2) Never touch cigarettes.
3) If your family members smoke, encourage them to stop smoking.
4) Once you get into the habit of smoking, it’s not easy to give it up.
Language Points:
1. risk
【用法】作可数名词，意为“危险、冒险”。
【举例】Despite such accidents, even more people are taking the risk. 尽管事故频发，但很多人仍然在冒险。
【用法】作及物动词，意为“冒……的危险”，后面的动词要用动名词形式。
【举例】They risked losing lives to save that children. 他们冒着生命危险挽救那个孩子。
2. In many countries, smoking in public places is now against the law. 在很多国家，在公共场所吸烟现在是违法的。
【用法】这句话中的smoking in public places 是动名词短语作主语， 此时谓语动词要用单数形式。
【举例】Playing with children is very interesting. 和孩子们在一起玩很有趣。
【用法】介词短语 against the law意为“违背法律”，在句中作表语或定语。
【举例】We can’t do anything against the law. 我们不能做任何违法的事情。
3. If your family members smoke, encourage them to stop smoking. 如果你的家人吸烟，鼓励他们戒烟。
【用法】句式encourage somebody to do something 意为“鼓励某人做某事”，这里用不定式作宾语补足语。
【举例】The teachers always encourage us to study hard. 老师总是鼓励我们努力学习。
【用法】句式 stop doing something 意为“停止做某事”，类似句式stop to do something 则表示“停下来去做某事”。
【举例】It is too late. Please stop playing games. 时间很晚了。请不要玩游戏了。
4. Once you get into the habit of smoking, it’s not easy to give it up. 一旦你养成吸烟的习惯，就不容易戒掉了。
【用法】句式get into the habit of doing…意为“养成或形成……习惯”，介词of后加动名词作宾语。
【举例】His uncle has got into the habit of drinking wine. 他叔叔养成了喝酒的习惯。
Lesson 5: Jane’s Lucky Life I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
damage, unable, dare, wheelchair, control, telephone, hers, cheer, kick, disabled, pity
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) She can answer it just by saying “hello”.
2) She likes to watch her eleven-year-old son play soccer.
3) If you only focus on your problems, you’ll have a life full of them.
4) People who don’t know how lucky they are.
Language Points:
1 control
【用法】作不可数名词，意为“控制、管理、支配”。
【举例】All the things are back in control. 所有的事情都已在控制之中。
【用法】作及物动词，意为“控制、管理、支配”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】The young manager controls a large company. 一位年轻的经理管理一家大公司。
2. She can answer it just by saying “hello”. 她只能通过说“hello”回答它。
【用法】介词by加动名词表示通过某种方式做某事，在句中作状语。
【举例】She learns English by reading and speaking. 她通过读和说学英语。
3. She likes to watch her eleven-year-old son play soccer. 她喜欢看她11岁的儿子踢足球。
【用法】句式watch somebody do something 意为“看某人做了某事”，所指动作已经完成。类似句式watch somebody doing something意为“看某人正做某事”，所指动作正在进行。
【举例】I watched her dancing under the tree with her friends. 我看她正在树下和她的朋友们跳舞呢。
4. If you only focus on your problems, you’ll have a life full of them. 如果你只是注意你的问题，你就会过一个充满问题的生活。
【用法】句式focus on意为“注意……，致力于，关注……”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】We should focus on something important. 我们应该关注一些重要的事情。
Lesson 6: Stay Away from the Hospital I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
appendicitis, appendix, sleepy, mention
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I slept all day after my appendix was taken out.
2) She told me to drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
3) Fortunately, you and Wang Mei are both getting much better now.
4) I think we should try hard to form good habits so that we can stay healthy and stay away from the hospital!
Language Points:
1. sleepy
【用法】作形容词，意为“困倦的、瞌睡的、安静的、冷清的”，在句中作定语或表语。
【举例】①Why are you so sleepy, Danny? 丹尼，你为什么这么困倦呢？②This is a sleepy village, isn’t it? 这是一个寂静的小村庄，是吗？
2. She told me to drink plenty of water and have a good rest. 她告诉我多喝水并且要好好休息。
【用法】这句话用不定式作宾语补足语，句式tell somebody to do something 意为“告诉某人做某事”；如果表示“告诉某人不要做某事”则用句式tell somebody not to do something。除动词tell外，ask, want, order等也有这种用法。
【举例】①She asked me to help her with her English. 她请我帮她学英语。②The officer ordered the soldiers to lie down. 军官命令士兵们卧倒。③Our teacher wants us to come to school on time. 我们老师要我们按时到校。
3. Fortunately, you and Wang Mei are both getting much better now. 幸运的是，你和王梅现在都好多了。
【用法】比较级前可以用much, even, still, far, a bit, a little, a lot 等词加以修饰。
【举例】①This unit is much easier than that one. 这个单元比那个单元容易得多。②I’m a little taller than she. 我的个子比她的个子稍高一点。③This book is far more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣得多。
Unit 3 Safety
Lesson 13: Be Careful, Danny!
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
careful, safety, hang, ceiling, serious, ambulance, necessary
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I think I’m tall enough.
2) I tried to catch you, but you landed on top of me.
3) I don’t think my arm is broken.
4) Tell her we are taking Brian to the hospital.
Language Points:
1. careful
【用法】作形容词，意为“小心的、仔细的”，在句中作定语或表语。它的副词形式是carefully。
【举例】①Li Hong is a careful girl. She does everything carefully. 李红是个认真的女孩。她做任何事情都很认真。②Please be careful when you cross the street. 当您横过街道时要当心。
2. I tried to catch you, but you landed on top of me. 我尽力要抓住你，但你落在了我头上。
【用法】?句式try to do something 意为“尽力做某事”；类似句式try doing something 则表示“尝试做某事”。
【举例】①I’ll try to do everything well. 我将尽力做好每件事情。②Li Ming is trying to skate on the real ice. 李明正在尝试着在真正的冰上滑冰呢。
3. I don’t think my arm is broken. 我认为我的胳膊没有折。
【用法】在动词think, believe, expect, guess等后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词如果是否定形式，这一否定形式往往转移到主句中，也就是主句成了否定形式，而从句成了肯定形式，但实际上还是否定的从句。
【举例】We don’t believe they can keep up with us. 我相信他们是不会赶上我们的。
Lesson 14: Accidents Happen
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
accident, town, Alberta, James, reporter, roll, Andrews, fault, icy, ugly, shoulder, wound, recover, expect
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) “We were in a hurry,” James told the reporter.
2）I wanted to stop her from running after the ball, but she didn’t hear me.
3）He stopped traffic on the road until the ambulance came.
4) Doctors can expect to return to school in about a week.
Language Points:
1. wound
【用法】作可数名词，意为“伤口、伤害”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】Your wound is slightly infected. 你的伤口有点儿感染了。
【用法】wounded 表示“受伤的”，the wounded 表示“伤员”，是集体名词。
【举例】The doctor is trying to save the wounded soldiers. 医生正在抢救受伤的战士。
2. “We were in a hurry,” James told the reporter.
【用法】in a hurry意为“匆忙、着急”，可用在系词后作表语，也可用在动词后作状语。
【举例】①Why are you in a hurry, Li Ming? 你为什么这么着急，李明？②Danny went to school in a hurry just now. 刚才丹尼匆匆忙忙地上学去了。
3. I wanted to stop her from running after the ball, but she didn’t hear me. 我想要阻止她不要在球后面跑了，但她不听我的。
【用法】句式stop…from doing…意为“阻止……做某事”，其中的stop可用keep, prevent加以替换。
【举例】The heavy rain stopped us from having sports meeting. 大雨阻止了我们举行运动会。
Lesson 15: My Helmet Saved My Life!
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
helmet, wham, blood, knee, bleed, sharp, stick, scary, goodness, stranger, careless
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) “There is something wrong with me,” I thought.
2) I felt so terrible that I lay down again.
3) It was pretty scary to look at.
4) She knew I was careless and not always wear my helmet.
Language Points:
1. blood
【用法】作不可数名词，意为“血、血液、血统”。
【举例】There is 83% of water in the blood. 血液中83%的成分是水。
2. stick
【用法】作可数名词，意为“棍棒、枝条”。
【举例】You can tie the young tree to the stick. 你可以把小树绑在木棍上。
【用法】作及物动词， 意为“粘贴、穿入、坚持”，后加名词、代词、不定式作宾语。
【举例】①Mr. Zhang stuck a map on the wall. 张先生在墙上粘了一张地图。②They stick to learn another language. 他们坚持学习另一门语言。
3. “There is something wrong with me,” I thought. “我有些麻烦”，我想。
【用法】由some, any ,no, every 加上thing, body, one可以构成表示人或物的不定代词。比如something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything等。以这类代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；并且形容词修饰这类不定代词时应该放在这些不定代词之后。
【举例】①Everything is OK. Let’s begin our meeting.一切都准备好了。咱们开会吧。②Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新消息吗？
Lesson 16: How Safe Is Your Home? I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
prevent, themselves, slip, baking, soda, salt, knife, poison, heat, burn, bathtub
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Many people hurt themselves by falling off chairs.
2) Don’t use water to put out kitchen fires.
3) Never use electricity in the shower or bathtub.
4) It’s easy to slip and fall on a wet floor.
Language Points:
1. heat
【用法】作不可数名词，意为“热、热度”。
【举例】The sun gives us light and heat. 太阳给了我们光和热。
【用法】作及物动词，意为“使……温暖、加热”。
【举例】Danny heated the water just now and it is hot now. 丹尼刚才把水加热了，现在水热了。
2. Many people hurt themselves by falling off chairs. 很多人由于从椅子上落下来而伤到自己。
【用法】句式by 加动名词或动名词短语，意为“通过……、由于……”，在句中作状语，表示原因或方式。
【举例】Lisa learns English by listening and speaking. 丽萨通过听和说学英语。
3. It’s easy to slip and fall on a wet floor. 在潮湿的地板上很容易滑倒和摔跤。
【用法】不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面。这句话中的主语是to slip and fall on a wet floor, it是形式主语，is是系词，easy是表语。
【举例】①To hear your voice is so nice. = It is nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。② To learn English well is very important. = It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。
【举例】It is too late. Please stop playing games. 时间很晚了。请不要玩游戏了。
Lesson 17: Staying Safe in an Earthquake I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
earthquake, calm, object, system, survival
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) What should you do it this happens to you?
2) You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects.
3) Keep an eye out of things that can fall on you.
4) Staying calm is not easy, but it can save your life.
Language Points:
1. What should you do it this happens to you? 如果这发生在你身上你应该怎么办？
【用法】句式happen to somebody (something) 表示“某人 （物）出……事或发生情况。
【举例】Many things have happened to us these years. 这些年我们这里发生了很多事情。
【拓展】happen表示“发生、偶然发生”时不能用于被动语态中。表示“碰巧、恰巧”，后面加不定式。
【举例】①The accident happened at four o’clock.事故是四点钟发生的。②You happened to be out when I came to see you. 我来看你的时候，你正好出去了。
2. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. 你需要在你身边弄一些坚固的东西这样才能保护您不受跌落下来的物体的伤害。
【用法】句中的need作实义动词用，意思是“需要”，后面可以加名词、代词、不定式作宾语。后加动名词时，动名词和主语之间有动宾关系。
【举例】①They are certain to need help. 他们一定需要帮助。②You don’t need to buy a new computer. 你不必买新计算机。③This machine needs repairing. 这台机器需要维修了。
【拓展】need作情态动词用，意思是“需要、必须”，后加动词原形，并且多用于否定句和疑问句中。
【举例】①She needn’t wait for them. 她不必等他们了。②Need they do the same thing again? 他们需要把同样的事情再做一遍吗？
【拓展】need作名词用，意思是“需要”，可用于句式in need of中。
【举例】Our school is in great need of English teachers. 我们学校需要英语老师。
Lesson 18: Never Catch a Dinosaur I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
rule, branch, training
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I will never try to catch the falling dinosaur.
2) You advised him to use a ladder, but he didn’t listen.
3) I told her I would be careful.
4) She watched me climb higher and higher.
Language Points:
1.. I will never try to catch the falling dinosaur. 我不会尽力接住一个正在落下来的恐龙了。
【用法】句中的falling 是现在分词作定语，意思是“正落下的”，修饰后面的名词dinosaur。过去分词也有这种用法。
【举例】①Don’t wake up the sleeping boy. 不要叫醒那个熟睡的孩子。②The broken computer hasn’t been fixed yet. 那台坏电脑还没修好呢。
【拓展】现在分词或过去分词短语作定语时则应该放在它们所修饰的名词之后。
【举例】①Do you know the girl singing in the room? 你认识正在房间里唱歌的那个女孩吗？②The table covered with paper is red. 用纸盖着的桌子是红色的。
2. I told her I would be careful. 我告诉她我会小心的。
【用法】这是带有宾语从句的复合句，主句为一般过去时，从句用的是过去将来时would be careful，在这里表示过去将要做某事。
【举例】①The children said they wouldn’t play football in the street. 孩子们说不会在街上踢足球了。②He told me he would not go with us if it rained.他告诉我如果天下雨的话，他就不和我一起去了。
Unit 4 Stories and Poems
Lesson 19: A Story or a Poem?
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
compare, limit, format, rhyme, power, effort, fat, aloud, although
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I haven’t decided which one to write yet.
2) Compared with poems, stories usually have longer passages.
3) If you think about it, it can take a long time to come up with the right words.
4) I described something I love.
Language Points:
1.. I haven’t decided which one to write yet. 我还没有决定该写哪一个。
【用法】?句中的which one to write是“疑问词 + 不定式”结构用在动词decide后作宾语。不定式可以与疑问词?who, what, which, when, how, where 等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语等。
【举例】①Where to buy this kind of computer is a problem. 到哪里去买这种计算机是一个问题。（作主语）②I really don’t know what to do. 我的确不知道该怎么办了。（作宾语）③The question is how to get there. 问题是怎么到那里去。（作表语）④Can you tell me which one to choose?你能告诉我该选择哪一个吗？（作宾语补足语）
2. If you think about it, it can take a long time to come up with the right words. 如果你考虑一下，找到合适的单词就要花费很长时间。
【用法】这句话中的if you think about it是条件状语从句，表示前提，短语think about意为“考虑”；it can take a long time to come up with the right words是主句，其中的it是形式主语，动词take表示“花费”，真正的主语是后面的不定式to come up with the right words，短语come up with意为“想出”。
【举例】We don’t believe they can keep up with us. 我相信他们是不会赶上我们的。
3. I described something I love. 我描写了一些我喜欢的东西。
【用法】句中的I love是定语从句，用在不定代词something 之后作定语，前面省略了关系代词that。
【举例】She cooked something (that) we liked to eat. 她做了一些我们喜欢吃的东西。
Lesson 20: Say It in Five
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
line, text, poet, single, screen, stretch, liquid, state, noun, adjective, verb, express
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Each line has a set number of words.
2）Let’s look at another two poems as examples.
3）Describe your topic in two words.
4) Choose three words that describe what your topic does.
Language Points:
1. Each line has a set number of words. 每行有固定数目的单词。
【用法】a number of的意为 “一些”，与some或several同义，后面往往加名词复数。以a number of短语作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数形式。句中的set是过去分词起形容词作用，意为“固定的、规定的”，修饰后面的名词number。
【举例】①There are a set number of workers in each workshop. 每个车间都有固定数量的工人。②A number of tourists have come back already. 一些游客已经回来了。
【拓展】the number of的意为“……的数目”，后加名词复数。以the number of短语作主语时，谓语动词往往使用单数形式。
2. Describe your topic in two words. 用两个单词描写你的主题。
【用法】介词in 在这里表示方式，后加名词、代词、动名词，多用在动词后作状语。
【举例】Can you say these words in another way? 你能用另一种方法说出这些单词吗？
Lesson 21: The Fable of the Woodcutter
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
fable, woodcutter, axe, spirit, dive, admit, fetch, silver, policy
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) She listened to the woodcutter and felt sorry for him.
2) The man looked at the gold axe, knowing it wasn’t his.
3) The spirit went down a third time and returned with the woodcutter’s old axe.
4) The spirit was so happy with the woodcutter’s honesty that she gave him the other two axes as presents.
Language Points:
1. spirit
【用法】作可数名词，意为“精灵”，复数形式是spirits。
【举例】They all call her the little spirit. 他们都把她叫做小精灵。
【用法】作不可数名词，意为“精神”。
【举例】We should learn this spirit in our work. 我们应该在工作中学习这种精神。
2. She listened to the woodcutter and felt sorry for him. 她听了伐木人的话，对他感到很抱歉。
【用法】句式feel sorry for意为“对……感到抱歉、遗憾、后悔”，后加名词、代词、动名词作介词for的宾语。
【举例】①She felt really sorry for that matter. 她对那件事情感到很后悔。②We felt sorry for what we had done. 我们对我们所做的事情感到抱歉。
3. The man looked at the gold axe, knowing it wasn’t his. 那个人看了看这把金斧子，他知道这不是他的。
【用法】句中的knowing it wasn’t his是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状况。
【举例】Mr. Zhang walked into the classroom, holding two books in his hand. 张先生手里拿着两本书走进了教室。
Lesson 22: The Giant (I) I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
giant, loud, frightened, lie, awake, musician
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Its trees were filled with singing birds.
2) One day as the children were playing, a giant appeared.
3) The green grass was covered with snow.
4) He thought it must be the king’s musicians passing by.
Language Points:
1. lie
【用法】作不及物动词，意为“躺、平放、位于、撒谎”，注意，作“撒谎”讲时，过去式、过去分词是lied, lied，作其他含义讲时，过去式、过去分词是lay, lain；它的现在分词都是lying。
【举例】①Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。②She lied to us again. Did you think so? 她对我们又撒谎了。你这样认为吗？
【用法】作可数名词，意为“谎言”，短语tell a lie意为“撒谎”。
【举例】Why did he tell lies this time? 这一次他为什么要撒谎？
2. Its trees were filled with singing birds. 树上都是鸟儿在歌唱。
【用法】句中的be filled with 意为“充满”，其中的filled 是动词fill的过去分词起形容词作用，用在系词be后作表语，介词with 加上名词或代词后作状语。在意义上与be full of 同义。
【举例】The basket is filled with fresh flowers. 篮子里装满了鲜花。
3. He thought it must be the king’s musicians passing by. 他想这一定是国王的乐师在这里经过。
【用法】情态动词must 加上动词原形表示肯定推测的含义。
【举例】He wasn’t in the classroom. He must play on the playground. 他没在教室里。他一定在操场上玩呢。
【拓展】情态动词can’t加上动词原形表示否定推测的含义。
【举例】She can’t be in Washington because I saw her here just now. 她不可能去华盛顿了，因为刚才我在这里还见到了她。
Lesson 23: The Giant (II) I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
softly, scene, selfish, knock, spread, neck, wicked
giant, loud, frightened, lie, awake, musician
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) The giant made a decision and went out to his garden.
2) But one little boy did not run because he did not see this giant coming.
3) At once the tree broke out in blossoms.
4) Along with them came the spring.
Language Points:
1. But one little boy did not run because he did not see this giant coming. 但有个小男孩没有跑因为他没有看到巨人走过来。
【用法】句式see somebody doing something 表示“看到某人正做某事”，所指动作正在进行；而句式see somebody do something 表示 “看到某人做了某事”，所指动词已经完成。类似这种用法的动词还有hear, feel, notice, watch 等。
【举例】①I saw him come and go upstairs. 我看到他回来到楼上去了。②We heard her singing an English song when we walked past her room. 当我们路过她的房间的时候听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。
2. Along with them came the spring. 春天和他们一起来了。
【用法】这是一个倒装句式，伴随状语along with them放在句首起强调作用，然后是谓语动词，最后是主语。
【举例】Away with me went upstairs. 和我一起到楼上去了。
【应用】根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词。
Lesson 24: Writing a Poem I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
fairy tale, character, plot, humorous, stair
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) We learned to write stories and poems this week.
2) I like reading stories, but I think they are very hard to write.
3) Jenny thinks stories are easier to write than poems, but I don’t think so.
4) But it was too hard to write than poem!
Language Points:
课时目标
1. We learned to write stories and poems this week. 这个星期我们学习些故事和诗歌了。
【用法】在下列动词后往往加不定式作宾语：want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, try, agree, know, learn, promise, refuse, decide等。
【举例】①She refused to leave with us. 她拒绝和我们一起走。②My parents promised to buy a computer for me. 我的父母答应给我买一台计算机。
2. I like reading stories, but I think they are very hard to write. 我喜欢读故事，但我认为它们很难写。
【用法】系词be 加上形容词后再加不定式表示“很……做某事”，其中的不定式作状语。
【举例】English is easy to learn. Do you think so? 英语容易学。你认为这样吗？
Unit 5 Look into Science
Lesson 25: Let’s Do an Experiment!
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
experiment, jar, upside, pour, correct, scientific, method, raincoat, force, pressure, conclude
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I cover the top with a piece of cardboard and hold it there.
2) I am so sure of my theory that Brian can do the experiment over your head and I know you won’t get wet.
3) The force of the air keeps the water in the jar.
4) It is strong enough to hold the water.
Language Points:
1. I cover the top with a piece of cardboard and hold it there. 我用纸板把上面盖住然后托住它。
【用法】?句式 cover…with…意为“用……覆盖……”，类似句式be covered with 表示“被……覆盖”，这是一个系表结构。
【举例】①My mother covered the table with cloth. 我妈妈用布把桌子盖住了。②The bed is covered with paper. 床上盖满了纸。
2. I am so sure of my theory that Brian can do the experiment over your head and I know you won’t get wet. 我对布莱恩在你头上做实验的理论很有把握，并且你不会湿的。
【用法】这句话中的句式be sure of意为“对……有把握”；that Brian can do the experiment over your head是定语从句，修饰前面的名词theory。
【举例】①Are you sure of this matter? 你对这件事情有把握吗？②This is the book that I borrowed from the library. 这是我从图书馆借的书。
3. It is strong enough to hold the water. 它力量很大足以把水托住。
【用法】句中的enough to do…意为“足以……做某事”，这里的enough起副词作用，用在形容词或副词后作状语。
【举例】Allan is old enough to go to work. 艾伦到上班年龄了。
Lesson 26: Keep the Candle Burning
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
holder, shallow, lighter, match, examine, oxygen
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Let the candle burn for two or three minutes.
2）When the candle stops burning, it has used up all the oxygen in the air.
3）How far does it rise?
4) Because about one fifth of the air is made up of oxygen, the water rises and fills about one fifth of the jar.
Language Points:
词汇详解
1. When the candle stops burning, it has used up all the oxygen in the air. 当蜡烛停止燃烧时，它就用完了空气中所有的氧气了。
【用法】use up意思是“用完、用光”，这是“动词 + 副词”短语。这类短语用名词作宾语时，名词可用在副词前，也可用在副词后；用代词作宾语时，代词则必须用在副词前。
【举例】I gave Li Ming a lot of pencils, but he has used them up already. 我给了李明很多铅笔，但他已经把它们都用完了。
2. Because about one fifth of the air is made up of oxygen, the water rises and fills about one fifth of the jar. 因为组成空气的成分大约五分之一是氧气，所以水会上升并且填充瓶子的大约五分之一。
【用法】短语be made up of意为“由……组成”，后加名词或代词作介词宾语。
【举例】This grade is made up of ten classes. 这个年级是由十个班组成的。
【用法】句中的one-fifth意思是“五分之一”，这是一个分数。分数的表达一般遵循以下规则：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于一时，分母要用复数形式；并且其中的连字符号有时可以不要。
【举例】one-fourth 四分之一 three fifths 五分之三
Lesson 27: Planet Danny
I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
telescope, solar, unless, double, mystery
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Try looking through the other end.
2) Maybe Brian and I can join you after supper.
3) Scientists use huge telescopes when they look for planets.
4) Well, it’s worth a try, even if I don’t find a planet.
Language Points:
1. double
【用法】作可数名词，意为“两倍、双倍”，复数形式是doubles。
【举例】Homework is double at weekend. 在周末作业是双倍的。
【用法】作形容词， 意为“双倍的、两倍的、两用的”，在句中作定语或表语。
【举例】①I think you will get double harvest. 我想你们会有双倍的收成。②We’d like a double room. 我们想要一个双人间。
2. Maybe Brian and I can join you after supper. 晚饭后或许布莱恩和我会加入到你这里。
【用法】动词join在这里表示“加入”，如果表示“加入到某人的某种活动中”可用句式join somebody in …。
【举例】Lisa, can you join us in the game? 丽萨，你能和我们一起做游戏吗？
3. Well, it’s worth a try, even if I don’t find a planet. 好的，这值得一试，即使我没有发现行星。
【用法】even if意思是“即使、纵然”，引导让步状语从句，表示某种条件。
【举例】He will come on time even if it rains. 即使下雨,他还是会准时来的。
【拓展】在口语中，even if往往用在句首。
【举例】Even if he is poor, he always looks happy. 即使他很穷，但看上去他总是很快乐。
Lesson 28: The Study of Living Things I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
Chip Taylor, biology, butterfly, migrate, fantastic, completely, grandchild, female, milkweed, chemical, puzzling
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) Fantastic facts about the butterfly have been drawing Dr. Taylor’s attention.
2) Here, as many as 230 million butterflies spend the winter.
3) But in Mexico, people cut down the trees that the butterflies need to rest on because they want more land for farming.
4) This is both puzzling and interesting for many scientists.
Language Points:
1. fantastic
【用法】作形容词，意为“奇异的、极好的、了不起的”，在句中作定语或表语。
【举例】①I think this is a fantastic invention. 我想这是一个了不起的发明。②These flowers are so fantastic. They have many different colours. 这种花太奇异了。它们有很多不同的颜色。
2. chemical
【用法】作可数名词，意为“化学物质、化学制品”，复数形式是chemicals。
【举例】There are no chemicals in this kind of food. 这种食品中没有化学物质。
【用法】作形容词，意为“化学的、化学作用的”，在句中作表语或定语。
【举例】We can find chemical additives in many foods. 我们在很多食品中发现了化学添加剂。
3. Fantastic facts about the butterfly have been drawing Dr. Taylor’s attention. 这些有关蝴蝶的奇异的事实引起了泰勒先生的注意。
【用法】句中的have been drawing 是现在完成进行时，它由“助动词 have (has) + been + 现在分词”构成，当主语是第三人称单数时用助动词has，其他情况用助动词have。现在完成进行时主要表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作是否延续下去，要根据上下文而定。
它往往与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如：all the time, this month, all day, these few days, for a year, since a week ago等。
【举例】①She has been playing basketball after school this week. 这个星期她放学后一直打篮球。②Tony has been drawing in his bedroom all the afternoon. 托尼在卧室画了一下午。
4. This is both puzzling and interesting for many scientists. 对很多科学家来说这既令人费解又很有趣。
【用法】连词both…and…的意思是“……和……都，既……也……”，它可以连接句中句子成分相同的词语，如果用它连接主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
【举例】①She likes both sports and music. 她既喜欢运动，又喜欢音乐。②Both Li Ping and her mother take exercise every morning. 李萍和她妈妈每天早晨都进行锻炼。
Lesson 29: DNA—The Story of You I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
DNA, blueprint, general, complex, twin, copy, repeat, pattern, identify, related, grandson, granddaughter, instruction
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) In general, a blueprint is a drawing that shows how to put a house together with many different parts.
2) But building a living thing is far more complex than building a house.
3) Except for some twins, every living thing has its own unique DNA.
4) From your DNA, scientists can identify not only you, but also people who are related to you.
5) Your DNA has billions of instructions that explain why you are the way you are.
Language Points:
1. copy
【用法】作可数名词，意为“复制品、一本、一册”，复数形式是copies。
【举例】①This is just a copy. Have you found it? 这只是一个复制品。你发现了吗？② I borrowed two copies of magazines from the library. 我从图书馆借了辆本杂志。
【用法】作及物动词，意为“复制、抄写”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】Have you finished copying the words? 你抄写完单词了吗？
【应用】根据括号中所给汉语用适当词语填空。
We don’t need any ____________（复制品）. Write them by hand.
答案：copies。表示“复制品”用名词copy，且这里是复数形式。
2. repeat
【用法】作及物动词，意为“重复、重述”， 后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】What about repeat the text for another time? 再重复一遍课文怎么样？
【拓展】在口语中，当没听清对方的话或没看清对方的动作要求对法重复时，为了表示客套，要用Pardon？或 Beg your pardon? 或I beg your pardon?
【举例】Pardon? I didn’t hear your words clearly. 请重复一遍好吗？我没听清你的话。
【应用】根据括号中所给汉语用适当词语填空。
The teacher ___________（重复）the sentences and I knew its meaning at last.
答案：repeated。表示“重复”用动词repeat，且这里是一般过去时。
语句详解
1. But building a living thing is far more complex than building a house. 但是构建一个有生命的东西比建一座房子复杂得多。
【用法】比较级前可以用much, even, still, far, a bit, a little, a lot 等词加以修饰。
【举例】①This unit is much easier than that one. 这个单元比那个单元容易得多。②This book is far more interesting than that one.这本书比那本书有趣得多。
答案：a little taller。此处用副词a little作状语，修饰后面的比较级taller。
2. Except for some twins, every living thing has its own unique DNA. 除了一些双胞胎外，所有有生命的东西都在自己独特的DNA。
【用法】except for用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定。它不表示同类事物之间的关系，其意思是“除了……以外、除去为了……、如果不是”。
【举例】①Smith is a good man, except for his bad temper. 史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人。②Mother wouldn’t give him any money except for books and stationery. 除了买书和文具外，妈妈不给他任何钱。③Except for you, I would pass the exam. 如果不是你，我就会通过考试。
3. From your DNA, scientists can identify not only you, but also people who are related to you. 根据你的DNA, 科学家不仅能辨别出你，而且能辨别出与你有关系的人。
【用法】not only…but also…是等立连词，意思是“不但……而且……”，它可以连接句中句子成分相同的部分，如果用它连接主语时，谓语动词应该以but also后面的主语为准。
【举例】①She can sing not only Chinese songs but also English songs. 她不仅会唱中文歌曲，还会唱英文歌曲。②Not only I but also she has finished the work. 不仅我完成了工作，她也完成了工作。
【用法】短语be related to意为“与……有关系”，后加名词或代词作介词to的宾语。
【举例】I think Danny is related to this matter. 我想丹尼与这件事情有关。
Lesson 30: Science Affects Us I. Learning aims:
Master the new words:
affect, suggest, mobile phone, discovery, amazing
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) First, get a jar full of water and a piece of cardboard.
2) The higher air pressure outside the jar holds the cardboard in place.
3) The experiment you did sounds interesting.
4) Scientific discoveries are making our lives better and better.
Language Points:
词汇详解
1. suggest
【用法】作及物动词，意为“建议、暗示”，后加名词、代词、动名词作宾语；也可用在句式suggest somebody to do something 这一句式中，表示“建议某人做某事”。
【举例】①They suggested building a new school. 他们建议建一所新学校。②I suggest you to do like me. 我建议你想我一样这么做。③His report suggested the huge loss. 他的报告暗示了巨大的损失。
【拓展】suggestion 是它的名词形式，意为“建议”，作可数名词，复数形式是suggestions。
【举例】They gave some useful suggestions at the meeting. 在会议上他们给我们提出了一些有用的建议。
【应用】用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。
Nobody _____________（建议）repairing the machine by ourselves, so we had to have it repaired.
答案：suggested。表示“建议”用动词suggest，且这里是一般过去时。
2. discovery
【用法】作可数名词，意为“发现、发觉”，复数形式是discoveries。
【举例】This is an important discovery. We should pay more attention to it. 这是一个重要的发现。我们必须注意它。
【拓展】discover是及物动词，意为“发现”，后加名词、代词或宾语从句。
【举例】We have discovered their secrets. 我们已经发现了他们的秘密。
【应用】用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。
Have you noticed those ____________ (discover)? They are helpful to us.
答案：discoveries。表示“发现”用名词discovery，且这里用复数形式。
语句详解
1. First, get a jar full of water and a piece of cardboard. 首先，取满满一罐子水和一张硬纸片。
【用法】句中的短语full of water用在名词jar之后作定语，不定式、介词短语、副词和定语从句都可用在名词后作定语。
【举例】①I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多要做的工作。（不定式在名词后作定语）②The eraser on the desk is Mary’s. 书桌上的橡皮是玛丽的。（介词短语在名词后作定语）③Did you meet John on your way home? 你在回家的路上遇见约翰了吗？（副词在名词后作定语）④This is the pen that I’m looking for. 这就是我正在找的笔。（定语从句在名词后作定语）
【
2. Scientific discoveries are making our lives better and better. 一些科学发现使我们的生活变得越来越美好。
【用法】“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越”。
【举例】①My sister is growing taller and taller. 我妹妹长得越来越高。②Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越美了。
Unit 6 Movies and Theatre
Lesson 31: Movie or Play?
I.Learning aims:
The words: involve, script, director, direct, costume, background, task
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) direct
2) involve
3) 不定式的被动语态
1. direct
【用法】作及物动词，意为“指导、导演”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】Do you know who will direct this new movie? 你知道谁将会导演这部新电影？
【用法】作形容词，意为“直接的、率直的”，可作定语或表语。
【举例】Danny, we need you direct answer. 丹尼，我们需要你直接的回答。
2. Most of you have seen movies or plays in a theatre, but have you ever been involved in making a movie or a play? 你们大多在影院看过电影或戏剧，但你们参与过制作电影或戏剧吗？
【用法】?involve是及物动词，意为“参与、专心于”，而句式involve in doing something 则表示“参与做某事”，如果表示“参与某事”用involve in something 即可。
【举例】Did you involve in making this new plan? 你参与制定这项新计划了吗？
3. A good script needs to be written. 一个好剧本需要被写出来。
【用法】句中的to be written是不定式的被动结构，need 加上不定式的被动结构表示“需要被做”，此时还可用need 加动名词加以替换。
【举例】Your classroom needs to be cleaned. = Your classroom needs cleaning. 你们的教室需要打扫了。
Lesson 32: Moving Pictures
I.Learning aims:
Master the new words:
effect, France, couple, titanic, action, prefer, fiction, comedy, popcorn
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) They have just finished doing some research.
2）I just found out the very first movies were made in France and Germany.
3）Comedies make people laugh and feel happy.
4) Watching a great movie while eating popcorn is a wonderful thing.
详解:
1. They have just finished doing some research. 他们刚完成了研究。
【用法】下列动词和动词短语后面往往加动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, mind, keep, prevent, practice, suggest, give up, feel like, succeed in, think of, be used to, be tired of, be proud of, take pride in, be interested in, be worth, be afraid of, can’t help等等
【举例】①She enjoys playing the piano. 她喜欢拉小提琴。②We are proud of being Chinese. 我们为做为中国人而感到自豪。
2. Comedies make people laugh and feel happy. 喜剧使人发笑并且感觉快乐。
【用法】make后面可以加名词、代词、不带to的不定式、形容词、过去分词等词语构成的复合结构。
【举例】①We made Bill our monitor. 我们选比尔当班长。②The boss makes the workers work long hours every day. 老板迫使工人们每天工作很长时间。
Lesson 33: The Fisherman and the Goldfish (I)
I.Learning aims:
Master the new words:
goldfish, wife, net, whatever, God, grey, marry, ours
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) My wife and I lead a poor life.
2) I will give you whatever you want.
3) It asked me to let it go.
4) Why didn’t you ask it for a new house?
详解:
1. whatever
【用法】作连词，意为“不论什么”，此时它引导的从句可用在主句前，也可用在主句后。
【举例】We’ll stay with you whatever happens to you. = Whatever happens to you, we’ll stay with you. 无论你发生什么事，我们都和你在一起。
2. My wife and I lead a poor life. 我和我妻子过着贫困的生活。
【用法】句式lead a …life 意为“过着……生活”，根据不同情况可以在名词life 前可加不同的形容词。
【举例】Lisa is leading a happy life now. 丽萨正过着幸福的生活。
3. Why didn’t you ask it for a new house? 你为什么不向它要座新房子？
【用法】句式?ask…for…意为“向……索要或寻求”，而ask for表示“要、请求”。两个句式中介词for后都要加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】You can ask Li Ming for help. 你可以向李明寻求帮助。
Lesson 34: The Fisherman and the Goldfish (II)
I.Learning aims:
Master the new words:
coast, handbag, among, servant, guard, queen, serve, mad, crash
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) The fisherman is standing on the coast, looking out towards the sea.
2) The lights go off.
3) I am sorry, but could you make my wife Queen of the Sea?
4) She also wants all the fish to serve her.
详解
1. serve
【用法】作及物动词，意为“为……服务、招待”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】①I don’t want to serve such a man. 我不想为这样的人服务。②She served us with Chinese food. 她用中餐招待了我们。
【用法】作不及物动词，意为“任职、供职”，单独使用。
【举例】My brother serves in a big company. 我哥哥在一家大公司任职。
2. The fisherman is standing on the coast, looking out towards the sea. 渔夫站在海边，看着前面的大海。
【用法】句中的looking out towards the sea? 是现在分词短语作状语，用在动词后表示伴随状况。
【举例】Mr. Zhou walked into the room, carrying a basket on his shoulder. 周先生肩上扛着一个篮子走进了房间。
3. She also wants all the fish to serve her. 她还想让所有的鱼都为她效劳。
【用法】句中的to serve her是动词不定式用在宾语all the fish后作宾语补足语。动词want, ask, tell, order, invite等都可加不定式作宾语补足语。
【举例】①She asked me to help her with her English. 她请我帮她学英语。②Bill told Li Ping to give his best wishes to everybody. 比尔告诉李萍由衷地祝福每个人。
Lesson 35: Theatres Are Fun! I.Learning aims:
Master the new words:
handsome, playwright, tragedy, teahouse, actress
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) I can’t wait to see them.
2) Some research was done in order to make the play.
3) I guess Teahouse is a play, not a place.
4) People can enjoy tea and plays at the same time.
详解
1. I can’t wait to see them. 我迫不及待地要见到他们。
【用法】句式can’t wait to do…意为“迫不及待做某事”；类似句式还有can’t help doing…，意为“情不自禁做某事”。要注意这两个句式中动词的不同形式。
【举例】The children couldn’t wait to run out of the room. 孩子们迫不及待地从房间里跑了出来。
2. Some research was done in order to make the play. 为了演好这部戏做了一下研究。
【用法】当强调不定式所表示的目的时，可用in order to或so as to，这时，in order to 可用于句首，也可用于句中；so as to则只用于句中。
【举例】In order to master English we must work hard at it.= We must work hard at English in order to master it. = We must work hard at English so as to master it. 为了掌握英语，我们必须努力学习它。
Lesson 36: Making Plays Is Fun I.Learning aims:
Master the new words:
focus, actress, impossible, talent, own, experience
II. Learning important and difficult points:
1) It can take hundreds of people to make a movie or put on a play.
2) We seldom think about the people who work behind the scenes.
3) Without their hard work, we would never get to know so many great stories and stars.
4) My group wrote a play called The Fisherman and the Goldfish.
详解
1. focus
【用法】作不及物动词，意为“关注”，带宾语时与介词on连用，然后再加名词或代词。
【举例】He always focuses on the life of the poor. 他总是关注贫困人口的生活。
【用法】作及物动词，意为“集中注意、注视”，后加名词或代词作宾语。
【举例】 They focused that problem all the time. 他们总是注意着那个问题。
2. Without their hard work, we would never get to know so many great stories and stars. 没有他们的艰苦工作，我们绝不会看到这么多伟大的故事和明星。
【用法】句中的介词短语without their hard work表示条件，意为“没有……”，可用条件状语从句替换，在这里它可以替换为：If there isn’t their hard work。
【举例】We can’t finish the work without your help. = We can’t finish the work if you don’t help us. 没有你们的帮助我们不能完成工作。
答案：without air。介词without 加上名词或代词构成短语，表示“没有……”。。
3. My group wrote a play called The Fisherman and the Goldfish. 我们小组写了一部叫《渔夫和金鱼》的戏剧。
【用法】 句中的called是动词call的过去分词，加上后面的名词构成短语，用在名词play之后作定语，意为“被叫做……”，与named和with the name 同义。
【举例】This is the boy called Li Ming. 这就是叫李明的男孩。
