Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars--Reading课件 (共75张PPT)
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| 名称 | Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars--Reading课件 (共75张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2018-11-07 07:21:41 | ||
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课件75张PPT。HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHReading1. When did the “Big Bang” happen?
It happened several billion years ago.Scanning Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”?
The earth was still just a cloud of dust.
3. What made up the earth’s atmosphere after the earth exploded?
Carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. 4. How did water come into being on the earth?
As the earth cooled down after it exploded, water came into being.5. What’s the significance of the presence of water on the earth?
It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. What was important to the development of fish?
oxygen.
7. What made possible the rise of
mammals on the earth?
The disappearance of dinosaurs made the possible the rise of mammals on the earth.8. Why are mammals different from all
life forms in the past?
They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Careful reading Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 The formation (形成) of
the earth.
Para. 2 The importance of water for
life.
Para. 3 A widely accepted theory
about the formation of the
universe.
Para. 4 The arrival of humans and
their impact on the earth.
Para. 5 The development of plants
and animals on the earth. Fill in the blanks in the following form.AtomsCareful readingviolentatmospherepresenceacidsoxygenshellfishamphibiansReptilesexistedgave birth tocleverdioxide True (T) or False (F).
1. The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.
2. The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen.
3. The main difference between the earth and other planets is that there is water on the earth.
4. Life began in water and then on land.FFTT5. Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.
6. Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
7. Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming on the earth.
8. According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end. FFTFHow life began on the earth.“Big Bang”other bodies_______ starsEarth: a cloud of _____atomsdustSummary a solid _____the earth’s ___________other
_____Water: ___________ to the development of lifewater vapour nitrogen carbonextremely small _______ on the
surface of the waterglobegasesatmospherefundamentalplantsearly _________ and all sorts of fishgreen plants on landland animalsinsectsamphibians________huge animals
(dinosaurs)the rise of __________human beingsshellfishreptilesmammals 地球上生命的起源 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为在很早很早以前它就形成了。然而，一种普通为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它（地球）猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。 在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水会对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球表面上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。 好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。它们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的产生有了可能。哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。 最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却并不怎么在意。它们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。因此很多科学家相信地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 ComprehendingI Read the passage carefully and write down the main idea for each paragraph. A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe
The formation of the earth
The importance of water for life
The development of plants and animals on the earth
The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5（ ）1 Insects and amphibians appeared.
（ ）2 Dinosaurs appeared.
（ ）3 The earth became a solid ball.
（ ）4 Small plants grew on the water.
（ ）5 Reptiles appeared.
（ ）6 Plants began to grow on dry land.
（ ）7 The earth was a cloud of dust.
（ ）8 Water appeared on the earth.
（ ）9 Shellfish and other fish appeared.
（ ）10 The universe began with a “Big Bang”.
（ ）11 Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.
（ ）12 Mammals apeared.510629483712 Put the order of development of life into a time line. 12 11 3 Answer the following questions.1. Why was the earth different from other planets?
Because the water remained on the earth.
2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came?
Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. 3. Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?
Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.4. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?
The name is Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet. 5. What problem is caused by human beings?
Human beings caused global warming. 4 Read the passage again and underline all the discourse markers and sentence connectors.Discourse markers:
however, after that, next, later, finally, thus, as a result of this
Sentence connectors or conjunctions:
and, but, becauseHow life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. What other puzzles are hidden in the passage? Find them out and do some research.DiscussionThe other puzzles hidden in the passage are:How did the earth’s atmosphere develop?
Why did water stay on the earth but not on
the other planets?
How did life forms develop?Speaking What should we do for our earth?You can use the following words or phrases to help you:prevent … from … harmful
global warming carbon dioxide
in turn depend on as a result thus atmosphereWe have only one earth!!!1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。Language points【分析】
a. 此复合句的主句为What it was to become was uncertain；从句为______引导的定语从句。
b. 主句中包含一个由what引导的主语从句What it was to become。
c. until是介词，与其前带否定前缀的形容词uncertain构成not ... until句式，表示“到……才，在……之前”，引导between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago作时间状语。 ?when? 他昨天直到七点才离开学校.He didn’t leave school until seven o’clock. Not…until…直到…才…It is/was not until… that… 强调句It was not until seven o’clock that he
left school.2. The earth became so violent that it
was not clear whether the shape would
last or not.a. 此复合句的主句为The earth became so violent；从句为 _____ 引导的结果状语从句。
b. so ... that ... 如此……以致……，其中that可以省略。thatc. 结果状语从句中包含一个由whether引导的主语从句，____ 是形式主语。
?????it? 【仿写】夜里冷得我一点也睡不着。
________________________________________________At night it was so cold (that) I couldn’t sleep at all. violence n. 暴力；猛烈；强烈；狂热。如：
He strongly opposes violence and war.
他强烈反对暴力和战争。
[链接]
violent adj. 暴力的；强暴的；强烈的；鲜艳夺目的。如：
Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.
不应该允许儿童看暴力电影。
violently adv. 强烈地；激烈地；厉害地。
She was violently sick. 她病得厉害。 in time: sooner or later; eventually
e.g. I’ll see him in time.
in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late
e.g. She will be back in time to prepare dinner.3. They were in time to produce carbon, ..., which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 与 time 相关的短语:
in no time 立刻, 马上
at times 有时
at a time 每次; 依次
once upon a time 从前
on time 按时; 准时
at one time 从前
for the time being 暂时
from time to time 不时地 atmosphere意为“大气，气氛等”。【考例】
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _____. (湖北2008)
atmosphere???? ????? B. state????
C. situation???? ???? D. phenomenon 4. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
【分析】
a. 本句的结构是：主语从句（What is even more important） + 系动词（is） + 表语从句（that as the earth ... on its surface.）
b. 表语从句中含有一个由 ____ 引导的时间状语从句。as【考例1】 _____ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (北京2011)
Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【考例2】 I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything. (山东 2011)
that B. when
C. where D. why
BDcool
1) v. Please open the window to cool the room.
Don’t drink the tea before it cools a little.
2) adj. 凉爽的，冷静的，沉着的，冷漠的，冷淡的 be/get/seem/keep cool
His songs received a cool response from the public. cool downa.凉快起来，冷却b.指人的心境“平静下来，使…平静下来”I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left.
Don’t cover the TV until it cools down.
5. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.【考点】it作形式宾语，真正宾语常为不定式或从句。
【考例】We feel _____ our duty to make our country a better place. (天津2011)
A. it??? ??? B. this? ? C. that?? ????? D. one6.They multiplied and filled the oceans and
seas with oxygen, which ….multiply v. 乘,增加,繁殖蚊子在夏天繁殖得很快.Mosquitoes multiply rapidly in summer. 7. They produced young generally by laying eggs.
lay- laid – laid - laying
放, 把......放在......; 产卵
e.g. He laid his books on the desk.
注意:
lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置; 产卵
lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺; 位于
lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 The naughty boy ______ to me that the hen that ____ there just now had ____ two eggs the day before.
A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain
C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid及时练8. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth…
exist in 存在于…之中
exist on 靠…为生
exist by 靠…生存
It was impossible for them to ________such a small income.
The universe ________space. exist onexists inThe wild man __________hunting wild animal in the forest.existed by 9. …, because they gave birth to young baby animals ... 【寓词于境】仔细阅读下列句子，并试着总结give birth to的含义及用法。
1) Mrs. White gave birth to a fine healthy
baby in her late thirties.
2) Mary gave birth to a healthy baby girl.
3) It was this event that gave birth to the
peace movement. 【归纳】
give birth to后可直接跟名词，意为“_____” （句1和句2），也可意为“_____”（句3）。
【拓展】
at birth 出生时?? ????
since / from birth 自出生后? ??
date of birth 出生日期分娩产生【即学即练】
根据汉语提示，用含birth的短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Jane’s mother has just ____________ ______ (生了双胞胎).
2. It was said that the baby ___________________________ (出 生时重七磅).given birth toweighed seven pounds at birthtwins?10. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。 阅读下列句子, 注意prevent ... from的意 思和用法。
1) There was nothing to prevent her from doing so.
2) We must prevent the water from being polluted.
3) The emperor ordered his porters to prevent the speaker entering the building. [归纳] prevent ... from的意思是 ________
___________________。from后多跟动词-ing形式(句1、句2)；有时可省略from(句3)。
[拓展] 近义短语有: stop ... from 阻止……干某事; keep ... from 阻止……干某事。注意: prevent和stop后的from都可以省略, 而keep ... from中的from则不能省略，如果省略了, 其意义将发生改变。 制止、阻止、使……不做某事1) No one can prevent the plans ___ out.
A. to be carried B. from carrying
C. not to carry D. from being carried
2) They tried to prevent the plane from ___ on the runway.
A. land B. landing
C. to land D. being landed及时练11….millions of years to come will depend on
whether …
depend on sb. 依靠,相信某人
depend on sth. 取决于某物
我们都靠你来做决定了．
We’ll all _______________to make a decision.
明天是否能开校运会取决与天气．
Whether to hold the sports meeting or not will
_______________________.
depend on youdepend on the weatherI. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。
1. This ______ (理论) helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
2. The final cost could be as much as one b_____ dollars.
3. 31 people have been injured in _______ (暴力的) incidents throughout the day.theorybillionviolent课堂练习4. Across the g_____, sea level varies by hundreds of feet.
5. A(n) _____ (原子) is so small that we can not see it.
6. Smoking is h_______ to health, but some people cannot get rid of it.
7. The best way to get that _____________ (二氧化碳) into the atmosphere is to warm the entire planet.globeatomharmful carbon dioxide8. The new owners have tried to give the restaurant a more family-friendly ____________ (气氛).
9. O_____ is a kind of gas that is necessary for most animals and plants to live.
10. I was surprised by the _________ (出席) of so many people at the meeting. atmosphereOxygenpresence II. 用括号中所给单词或短语的适当形式翻译下列句子。1. 沙尘暴导致了连锁反应，最后造成火车撞毁。(lead to; chain) 2. 移动电话使得我们不论在何处都能与他人交谈。(make it possible for sb. to do sth.) The sandstorm led to a chain reaction which ended in a serious train crash. Mobile phones make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. 4. 请你告诉我怎样防止这种事情发生好吗？(prevent ... from ... )3. 新鲜空气对于身体健康必不可少。(be fundamental to ...) Would you please tell me how to prevent this kind of thing from happening?Fresh air is fundamental to good health. Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.Discovering useful words
and expressionsLearning about languageun-presence
violence
confidence
difference
patienceuncertain
unfair
unpaid
unlike
unkind-al-istcultural
global
universal
agricultural
mathematicalartist
physicist
chemist
biologist
scientistChoose the correct word to fill in each of these blanks. At the beginning, the earth had no ________.
dust B. atoms
C. water D. matter2. The development of a planet generally depends on _______ combining together.
atoms B. rocks
C. gases D. water
3. The ______ of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
harmful B. system
C. spread D. method4. Mammals _____ when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared.
prevent B. multiplied
C. depended D. existedComplete the following passage with the words and phrases below in the correct form.astronomy atom fundamental
puzzle exist prevent … from
as a result give birth to Is the moon a planet? This question is ____________ if students are to show that they understand the nature of __________. Some scientists think that the earth ___________ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon ______ before the earth was formed. fundamentalastronomygave birth toexistedThey think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earth’s gravity. __________, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _______ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. As a resultatomsWhat is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this ________ it _____ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _______, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.prevents frompuzzleIn pairs divide these adjectives into two groups: emotional words and calm words.violent patient gentle angry
rude relaxing kind shocked
excited easy-going calm crazypatient gentle
relaxing kind
easy-going calmviolent angry rude shocked excited crazy
It happened several billion years ago.Scanning Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”?
The earth was still just a cloud of dust.
3. What made up the earth’s atmosphere after the earth exploded?
Carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. 4. How did water come into being on the earth?
As the earth cooled down after it exploded, water came into being.5. What’s the significance of the presence of water on the earth?
It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. What was important to the development of fish?
oxygen.
7. What made possible the rise of
mammals on the earth?
The disappearance of dinosaurs made the possible the rise of mammals on the earth.8. Why are mammals different from all
life forms in the past?
They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Careful reading Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 The formation (形成) of
the earth.
Para. 2 The importance of water for
life.
Para. 3 A widely accepted theory
about the formation of the
universe.
Para. 4 The arrival of humans and
their impact on the earth.
Para. 5 The development of plants
and animals on the earth. Fill in the blanks in the following form.AtomsCareful readingviolentatmospherepresenceacidsoxygenshellfishamphibiansReptilesexistedgave birth tocleverdioxide True (T) or False (F).
1. The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.
2. The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen.
3. The main difference between the earth and other planets is that there is water on the earth.
4. Life began in water and then on land.FFTT5. Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.
6. Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
7. Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming on the earth.
8. According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end. FFTFHow life began on the earth.“Big Bang”other bodies_______ starsEarth: a cloud of _____atomsdustSummary a solid _____the earth’s ___________other
_____Water: ___________ to the development of lifewater vapour nitrogen carbonextremely small _______ on the
surface of the waterglobegasesatmospherefundamentalplantsearly _________ and all sorts of fishgreen plants on landland animalsinsectsamphibians________huge animals
(dinosaurs)the rise of __________human beingsshellfishreptilesmammals 地球上生命的起源 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为在很早很早以前它就形成了。然而，一种普通为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它（地球）猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。 在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水会对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球表面上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。 好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。它们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的产生有了可能。哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。 最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却并不怎么在意。它们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。因此很多科学家相信地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 ComprehendingI Read the passage carefully and write down the main idea for each paragraph. A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe
The formation of the earth
The importance of water for life
The development of plants and animals on the earth
The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5（ ）1 Insects and amphibians appeared.
（ ）2 Dinosaurs appeared.
（ ）3 The earth became a solid ball.
（ ）4 Small plants grew on the water.
（ ）5 Reptiles appeared.
（ ）6 Plants began to grow on dry land.
（ ）7 The earth was a cloud of dust.
（ ）8 Water appeared on the earth.
（ ）9 Shellfish and other fish appeared.
（ ）10 The universe began with a “Big Bang”.
（ ）11 Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.
（ ）12 Mammals apeared.510629483712 Put the order of development of life into a time line. 12 11 3 Answer the following questions.1. Why was the earth different from other planets?
Because the water remained on the earth.
2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came?
Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. 3. Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?
Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.4. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?
The name is Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet. 5. What problem is caused by human beings?
Human beings caused global warming. 4 Read the passage again and underline all the discourse markers and sentence connectors.Discourse markers:
however, after that, next, later, finally, thus, as a result of this
Sentence connectors or conjunctions:
and, but, becauseHow life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. What other puzzles are hidden in the passage? Find them out and do some research.DiscussionThe other puzzles hidden in the passage are:How did the earth’s atmosphere develop?
Why did water stay on the earth but not on
the other planets?
How did life forms develop?Speaking What should we do for our earth?You can use the following words or phrases to help you:prevent … from … harmful
global warming carbon dioxide
in turn depend on as a result thus atmosphereWe have only one earth!!!1. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。Language points【分析】
a. 此复合句的主句为What it was to become was uncertain；从句为______引导的定语从句。
b. 主句中包含一个由what引导的主语从句What it was to become。
c. until是介词，与其前带否定前缀的形容词uncertain构成not ... until句式，表示“到……才，在……之前”，引导between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago作时间状语。 ?when? 他昨天直到七点才离开学校.He didn’t leave school until seven o’clock. Not…until…直到…才…It is/was not until… that… 强调句It was not until seven o’clock that he
left school.2. The earth became so violent that it
was not clear whether the shape would
last or not.a. 此复合句的主句为The earth became so violent；从句为 _____ 引导的结果状语从句。
b. so ... that ... 如此……以致……，其中that可以省略。thatc. 结果状语从句中包含一个由whether引导的主语从句，____ 是形式主语。
?????it? 【仿写】夜里冷得我一点也睡不着。
________________________________________________At night it was so cold (that) I couldn’t sleep at all. violence n. 暴力；猛烈；强烈；狂热。如：
He strongly opposes violence and war.
他强烈反对暴力和战争。
[链接]
violent adj. 暴力的；强暴的；强烈的；鲜艳夺目的。如：
Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.
不应该允许儿童看暴力电影。
violently adv. 强烈地；激烈地；厉害地。
She was violently sick. 她病得厉害。 in time: sooner or later; eventually
e.g. I’ll see him in time.
in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late
e.g. She will be back in time to prepare dinner.3. They were in time to produce carbon, ..., which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 与 time 相关的短语:
in no time 立刻, 马上
at times 有时
at a time 每次; 依次
once upon a time 从前
on time 按时; 准时
at one time 从前
for the time being 暂时
from time to time 不时地 atmosphere意为“大气，气氛等”。【考例】
The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly _____. (湖北2008)
atmosphere???? ????? B. state????
C. situation???? ???? D. phenomenon 4. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
【分析】
a. 本句的结构是：主语从句（What is even more important） + 系动词（is） + 表语从句（that as the earth ... on its surface.）
b. 表语从句中含有一个由 ____ 引导的时间状语从句。as【考例1】 _____ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. (北京2011)
Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【考例2】 I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything. (山东 2011)
that B. when
C. where D. why
BDcool
1) v. Please open the window to cool the room.
Don’t drink the tea before it cools a little.
2) adj. 凉爽的，冷静的，沉着的，冷漠的，冷淡的 be/get/seem/keep cool
His songs received a cool response from the public. cool downa.凉快起来，冷却b.指人的心境“平静下来，使…平静下来”I tried to cool her down but she was still very angry when she left.
Don’t cover the TV until it cools down.
5. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.【考点】it作形式宾语，真正宾语常为不定式或从句。
【考例】We feel _____ our duty to make our country a better place. (天津2011)
A. it??? ??? B. this? ? C. that?? ????? D. one6.They multiplied and filled the oceans and
seas with oxygen, which ….multiply v. 乘,增加,繁殖蚊子在夏天繁殖得很快.Mosquitoes multiply rapidly in summer. 7. They produced young generally by laying eggs.
lay- laid – laid - laying
放, 把......放在......; 产卵
e.g. He laid his books on the desk.
注意:
lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置; 产卵
lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺; 位于
lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 The naughty boy ______ to me that the hen that ____ there just now had ____ two eggs the day before.
A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain
C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laid及时练8. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth…
exist in 存在于…之中
exist on 靠…为生
exist by 靠…生存
It was impossible for them to ________such a small income.
The universe ________space. exist onexists inThe wild man __________hunting wild animal in the forest.existed by 9. …, because they gave birth to young baby animals ... 【寓词于境】仔细阅读下列句子，并试着总结give birth to的含义及用法。
1) Mrs. White gave birth to a fine healthy
baby in her late thirties.
2) Mary gave birth to a healthy baby girl.
3) It was this event that gave birth to the
peace movement. 【归纳】
give birth to后可直接跟名词，意为“_____” （句1和句2），也可意为“_____”（句3）。
【拓展】
at birth 出生时?? ????
since / from birth 自出生后? ??
date of birth 出生日期分娩产生【即学即练】
根据汉语提示，用含birth的短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Jane’s mother has just ____________ ______ (生了双胞胎).
2. It was said that the baby ___________________________ (出 生时重七磅).given birth toweighed seven pounds at birthtwins?10. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。 阅读下列句子, 注意prevent ... from的意 思和用法。
1) There was nothing to prevent her from doing so.
2) We must prevent the water from being polluted.
3) The emperor ordered his porters to prevent the speaker entering the building. [归纳] prevent ... from的意思是 ________
___________________。from后多跟动词-ing形式(句1、句2)；有时可省略from(句3)。
[拓展] 近义短语有: stop ... from 阻止……干某事; keep ... from 阻止……干某事。注意: prevent和stop后的from都可以省略, 而keep ... from中的from则不能省略，如果省略了, 其意义将发生改变。 制止、阻止、使……不做某事1) No one can prevent the plans ___ out.
A. to be carried B. from carrying
C. not to carry D. from being carried
2) They tried to prevent the plane from ___ on the runway.
A. land B. landing
C. to land D. being landed及时练11….millions of years to come will depend on
whether …
depend on sb. 依靠,相信某人
depend on sth. 取决于某物
我们都靠你来做决定了．
We’ll all _______________to make a decision.
明天是否能开校运会取决与天气．
Whether to hold the sports meeting or not will
_______________________.
depend on youdepend on the weatherI. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。
1. This ______ (理论) helps to explain how animals communicate with each other.
2. The final cost could be as much as one b_____ dollars.
3. 31 people have been injured in _______ (暴力的) incidents throughout the day.theorybillionviolent课堂练习4. Across the g_____, sea level varies by hundreds of feet.
5. A(n) _____ (原子) is so small that we can not see it.
6. Smoking is h_______ to health, but some people cannot get rid of it.
7. The best way to get that _____________ (二氧化碳) into the atmosphere is to warm the entire planet.globeatomharmful carbon dioxide8. The new owners have tried to give the restaurant a more family-friendly ____________ (气氛).
9. O_____ is a kind of gas that is necessary for most animals and plants to live.
10. I was surprised by the _________ (出席) of so many people at the meeting. atmosphereOxygenpresence II. 用括号中所给单词或短语的适当形式翻译下列句子。1. 沙尘暴导致了连锁反应，最后造成火车撞毁。(lead to; chain) 2. 移动电话使得我们不论在何处都能与他人交谈。(make it possible for sb. to do sth.) The sandstorm led to a chain reaction which ended in a serious train crash. Mobile phones make it possible for us to talk to anyone from anywhere. 4. 请你告诉我怎样防止这种事情发生好吗？(prevent ... from ... )3. 新鲜空气对于身体健康必不可少。(be fundamental to ...) Would you please tell me how to prevent this kind of thing from happening?Fresh air is fundamental to good health. Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.Discovering useful words
and expressionsLearning about languageun-presence
violence
confidence
difference
patienceuncertain
unfair
unpaid
unlike
unkind-al-istcultural
global
universal
agricultural
mathematicalartist
physicist
chemist
biologist
scientistChoose the correct word to fill in each of these blanks. At the beginning, the earth had no ________.
dust B. atoms
C. water D. matter2. The development of a planet generally depends on _______ combining together.
atoms B. rocks
C. gases D. water
3. The ______ of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
harmful B. system
C. spread D. method4. Mammals _____ when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared.
prevent B. multiplied
C. depended D. existedComplete the following passage with the words and phrases below in the correct form.astronomy atom fundamental
puzzle exist prevent … from
as a result give birth to Is the moon a planet? This question is ____________ if students are to show that they understand the nature of __________. Some scientists think that the earth ___________ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon ______ before the earth was formed. fundamentalastronomygave birth toexistedThey think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earth’s gravity. __________, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _______ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. As a resultatomsWhat is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this ________ it _____ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _______, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.prevents frompuzzleIn pairs divide these adjectives into two groups: emotional words and calm words.violent patient gentle angry
rude relaxing kind shocked
excited easy-going calm crazypatient gentle
relaxing kind
easy-going calmviolent angry rude shocked excited crazy
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