第二十二讲 定语从句(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
状语从句是高考试题中出现比较多的内容，无论在单项选择、完型填空还是阅读理解等项目中都占有较大比例。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重从状语从句是历年高考中出现比较频繁的考查内容，无论在单项选择、完型填空还是阅读理解等项目中都占有较大比例。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重对状语的从句语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题；避免有争议的怪题。教师需要把状语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。
因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
The Adverbial Clause（状语从句）
状语从句在复合句中起副词的作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词和形容词，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、让步、比较等。状语从句一般放在主句后，也可放在句首。
I. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句常由从属连词 when, while, as, until, as soon as等引导。
1. I don't know when the decision was made.
我不知道什么时候作出的这个决定。
2. I sat on the settee to unwrap the package while he stood by.
我坐在长椅上打开包裹时他就站在旁边
3. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
4. I waited a long time until a script came along that I thought was genuinely funny.
我等了很长时间，直到出现了一个我认为真正逗趣的剧本。
5. The complaints system swings into action as soon as a claim is made.
一有人投诉，投诉机构马上开始运作。
6. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
我一到上海就会给你写信的。
II. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句由从属连词where, wherever引导。
1. Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
2. Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are.
有些人能够随遇而安。
3. Here's my card. You know where to find me
这是我的名片。你知道哪里能找到我。
4. You will see exactly where you are slipping up.
你会确切地知道自己哪里出了错。
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句由从属连词 because, as, since 等引导。
1. They actually moved down from upstairs because the rent's that expensive.
他们确实从楼上搬到了楼下，因为房租太贵了。
2. Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty, you can't build it on the area.
因为这一带自然风光旖旎，所以你不能把它建在这里。
3. Susan must have come back home, since her coat is not in the wardrobe.
苏珊肯定回过家，因为她挂在衣橱里的外套不见了。
4. He puts the ice cream into the fridge immediately, as it melts easily.
他马上把冰激凌放进冰箱，因为它很容易化掉。
IV. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句由从属连词 if, unless, so/as long as 等引导。如果主句用一般将来时，if从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow，we’ll have a picnic together.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。
2. You won’t get better unless you take the medicine.
除非你吃药，否则你不会康复。
3. I will pay for you as long as you help me do the housework.
只要你帮我做家务，我就替你付款。
V. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句由从属连词 as, as if, as though等引导。
1. Why not do as your father told you?
为什么不按照你爸爸说的那样去做？
2. Jack looks as though he were in good health.
杰克看上去好像很健康。
3. Anne shrugged, as if she didn't know
安妮耸了耸肩，好像她并不知晓。
4. It sounds as if they might have made a dreadful mistake
听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。
VI. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句常由so that (以便)；in order that (为了)； that (为了,以便) 等引导。其中in order that引导的目的状语从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后；而其它连词引导的目的状语从句一般放在主句后面。
1. Please speak clearly, so that we may understand you.
请说清楚点，以便我们能听清楚你说的话。
2. In order that she could follow the TV lessons, she has bought the book.
为了能跟上电视课程,她买了这本书。
3. We set out early that we might arrive on time.
我们很早就出发了,以便能准时到达。
VII. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由that（结果，以致）；so that（结果，以致）；so … that（如此……以致）；such … that（如此……以致）等引导。
1. I have a bad pain in my wound that I need some painkillers。
我的伤口痛得厉害，我需要止痛剂。
2. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
她病了，所以没有出席会议。
3. He was so excited that he could not say a word.
他是如此的激动以至于他一个字都说不出来。
4. She is such a patient nurse that every patient likes her.
她是一位耐心的护士,患者都喜欢她。
VIII. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句常由although (though)（虽然）；even if (though)（即使）；no matter who (when, what, how, where)；however ( whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever)等引导。
1. Though (Although) he is a child, he knows a lot.
他虽然是一个孩子，但他懂得很多东西。
2. I’ll visit him, even though (if) I can stay here only a few minutes.
即使我只能在这呆上一会儿，我也要去看他。
3. Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished
不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。
4. You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before
无论之前取得何等辉煌的成就，都应该不断努力进取。
5. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
6. Whatever troubles arise, we'll have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos.
无论出现什么样的麻烦，我们都会在貌似混乱的情形中保持平和的心态。
IX. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由more … than（比……更……）；as … as（与……一样）；not so (as) … as（与……不一样）等引导。
1. Her spoken English is better than anyone else’s in the class.
她的英语口语比班里哪一个都好。
2. He only smokes cigarette as expensive as he can afford.
他只抽他买得起的那种香烟。
3. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.
情形不如你说的那样糟。
I. 时间状语从句容易混淆之处
1．when所引导的状语从句中，谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词，其动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生，也可以在主句的动作之前或之后发生。但是当一个动作先发生另一个动作后发生时一般用when引导，不用as或while引导。
When I arrived at the station, the train had left.
当我到达车站时火车已经离开了。
He got engaged to Lucy when travelling last autumn.
去年秋天旅行时，他与露西订了婚。
It was raining when we arrived.
我们到的时候正在下雨。
2. 当要强调主句的动作与从句中的动作在某一段时间内同时发生时常用while。当在某事发生之际或发生的过程中，另一事又发生。while所引导的状语从句中，谓语应为延续性动词，而不用瞬时动词，强调其动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间一般较长；有时也可指主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。
While you are watching, try to write down the key points.
你在看的同时记下要点。
3．当主、从句都是延续性的动作时，表示“一边……一边”，“在……时候”，“随着……时”一般用as来引导。指从句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生或同时进行，一般持续时间不长，其谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。
As the heart beats, it pumps blood to all parts of the body.
心脏跳动时把血液输送到全身各部分。
4. not… until：“直到……才”，until常和not搭配。
He didn’t finish doing his homework until his mother came back.
直到妈妈回来他才写完作业。
II. 在时间和条件从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
在含有真实条件句作状语从句和时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句是将来时（包括一般将来时、将来完成时、过去将来时），从句通常用现在时（包括一般现在时、现在完成时）表示将来。
We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨我们就要出去郊游。
She will write to you as soon as she gets to Jinan.
她一到济南就给你写信。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the device.
如果装置出故障，就把开关关掉。
【温馨提示】需要注意的是：从句是一般现在时表示将来时，主句一定是一般将来时。但是如果主句是过去式时，If引导的条件句不能用现在时态表示将来要发生的动作；if从句要用虚拟条件句（虚拟语气）。即：if引导的条件状语从句可以分为两类：
1. 真实条件句：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。如上面的三个例句。
2. 虚拟条件句：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句有下面几种情况：表示与现在事实相反的假设；表示与过去事实相反的假设；表示与将来事实相反的假设。其句子结构分别是：
1）从句是：if +主语+动词的过去式（be 用were）+ ……
主句是：主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形+ ……
2）从句是：if +主语+ had +过去完成式动词 + ……
主句是：主语+ would（should，could，might）+ have +过去完成式动词 + ……
3）从句是：if +主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形 + ……
主句是：主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形+ ……
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
如果你成功了，一切都会好起来的。
If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
III. 原因状语从句引导词because, as, since辨析
1. because：because表示因果关系语气最强，一般后面是听话者所不知道的原因， 通常用来回答由why引导的疑问句。另外，由because引导的分句在句首时，须用逗号与主句隔开，在句末时则不用隔开。
Because the traffic is so busy, she failed to arrive at the station on time.
因为路上交通太拥挤，她没能准时赶到车站。
He came back late because there was something wrong with his car.
他回来晚了，因为汽车出了故障。
The kidneys play an important role in the balance of fluid and electrolyte because about 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the plasma, with the remaining 1% excreted as urine.
肾脏在维持机体的体液和电解质平衡方面作用重大，是因为肾小球的过滤液约99%被重新吸收到血液中，只有1%作为尿液排出体外。
2. as：所表示的原因一般是听话者已经知道的，它不能用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。如果所述理由是明显的或者已知的，用as比because更合适。
As Lily was very weak, she could not stand the operation.
莉莉因为身体很弱，承受不了手术。
As it's raining, you'd better stay at home.
既然在下雨，你最好呆在家里。
He puts the ice cream into the fridge immediately, as it melts easily.
他马上把冰激凌放进冰箱，因为它很容易化掉。
3. for：属于并列连词，由它引导的分句表示补充说明性的理由，通常只能置于句末，且必须用逗号与前面的分句隔开。
He must have passed this way, for here are his footprints.
他肯定是从这条路走过去的，这里有他的脚印。
He has to work hard, for he wants to support his family.
因为要养家糊口，他必须努力工作。
4. since：当原因是已知的客观事实或被当作推断的理由时用，一般是听话者已经知道的。语气略强于as。
Since he is absent, let's begin now.
既然他不在，我们现在就开始吧。
Susan must have come back home, since her coat is not in the wardrobe.
苏珊肯定回过家，因为她挂在衣橱里的外套不见了。
The first menarche may come early or late since it can be affected by the hereditary, body quality (diathesis), conditions of nutrition and climate.
初潮有可能来得早，也有可能来得晚，因为它要受遗传、身体素质、营养状况、气候环境等因素影响。
IV. 让步状语从句的连词
no matter who= whoever；no matter when= whenever；no matter what= whatever；no matter how=however；no matter where= wherever。
1. No matter what you say, I’ll never change my mind.
=Whatever you say, I’ll never change my mind.
无论你说什么，我都不会改变我的主意。
2. Wherever you go, I will go with you.
=No matter where you go, I will go with you.
无论你去哪里，我都要与你一同去。
3. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
=No matter when we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们
V. so … that与 such … that的用法区别
so 修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为：“so + adj. / adv. + that 从句”；such修饰名词，常用句型为：“such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句”（有三种情况）。
在so…that结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。
1. such…that的句型结构可分三种情况：
1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.
他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。
2) such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that从句
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
3) such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
2. so … that的句型结构：so + adj. / adv. + that 从句
1) This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.
这本书很有趣，人人都想看看。
2) He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我没赶上他。
3) I was so busy here (that) I had no time to write a letter.
我在这里很忙，没时间写信。
【温馨提示】如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.
街上有那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。
知识点一 时间状语从句
例1：Mozart started writing music _________ he was four years old.
A. as B. until C. when D. while
【答案】C
【解析】句意：莫扎特在四岁的时候就开始创作音乐。when强调特定的时间，意思为：在……的时候；as一般为：正当……的时候，常常是说话双方都知道的原因；while一般表示的是在……期间，或者是与主句的动作同时发生的；until显然与句子不相符，而且until通常与not搭配。故答案为C。
变式训练1：
1）If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. Because B. though C. until D. since
2）Pat killed time by watching TV _________ he is waiting for her.
A. once B. if C. after D. while
知识点二 原因状语从句引导词
例2：They actually moved down from upstairs _________ the rent is so expensive.
A. though B. as C. since D. because
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们确实从楼上搬到了楼下，因为房租太贵了。纵观全句，之所以搬到楼下就是因为房租贵，对搬到楼下的原因进行回答，用because最为贴切。如果所述理由是明显的或者已知的，则用as；当所述原因是已知的客观事实或被当作推断的理由时用since，其语气略强于as。在表示表示因果关系中，because语气最强。故选择D。
变式训练2：
1）She is forever on a diet, ________ she often says that she puts on weight easily
A. since B. as C. because D. for
2）__________ they fears about home security, more people are arranging for someone to stay in their home when they're away
A. For B. As C. Though D. Although
知识点三 so … that与 such … that的用法区别
例3：They are __________ interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.
A. such a B. so C. such D. so a
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这些书如此有趣以至于我们全都喜欢阅读。在有so与such的状语从句中注意：so修饰形容词或副词；其结构为“so + 形容词或者副词+ that 从句”。such修饰名词，其结构为：“such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句”（句子中空白所要修饰的是名词复数形式books，所以用such，不加不定冠词看。故答案为B。
变式训练3：
1）3. The camera is __________ expensive __________ I can't afford it.
A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that
2）To my surprise, he could get over _________ difficult problems that he succeeded at last.
A. so much B. such many C. so many D. such few
知识点四 真是条件句与虚拟条件句的基本结构
例4：She will play the piano only if she ________
A. pays B. is paid C. paid D. will pay
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏钢琴。在真实条件句中，首先，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时；再者，she是被付报酬者。即付报酬的承受着，要用被动语态。故选择答案B。
变式训练4：
1）If he ________, please let me know.
A. came back B. comes back C. will come back D. Would come back
2）If there ________ no air or water，there ________ no living things on the earth.
A. is；will be B. was；will be C. was；would be D. were；would be
知识点五 让步状语从句
例5：______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】句意：虽然鸟儿们用它们的羽毛来飞翔，但它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。主句、从句结构完整，不缺主干成分，结合句意，此为状语从句。根据逻辑关系，此处句意应为转折，可用让步状语从句表语意的转折，故用although。Once一旦；If如果；二者都引导条件状语从句。Because因为；引导原因状语从句。故答案为C。
变式训练5：
1）_________ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
2）Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _________ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. There is ________ food in the refrigerator that we don’t need to buy anything.
A. such a B. such much C. so much D. so many
2. 1. He was________ excited ________ he couldn't get sleep.
A. so；/ B. such；that C. such；/ D. so；that
3. This is_________ funny story that we all enjoy listening to it.
A. so a B. so C. such a D. such
4. It was ________ bad weather that he had to stay at home.
A. such B. so C. such a D. so a
5. _________ finds a cure for cancer will render a great service to mankind.
A. What B. Whoever C. Whose D. Whatever
6. ________ you are, you will be welcomed.
A. Why B. No matter what C. Wherever D. Who
7. I will try it, _________I am likely to fail.
A. if B. though C. so D. since
8. She takes good care of the baby ________ he were her own child.
A. as if B. as C. when D. until
9. You should love your mother ________ your life is given by your mother.
A. since B. if C. when D. as long as
10. I was doing the washing ________ my brother was watching TV.
A. because B. if C. while D. since
11. ___________ it’s not easy to cure her chronic heart failure, we’ll try our best.
A. In order that B. Even though C. As. D. So
12. The teacher spoke English slowly ________ we might understand her.
A. as B. as soon as C. because D. so that
13. The children watered the trees _________ the trees would grow well.
A. such as B.so as C. in order that D. such that
14. You may use the dictionary ________ you can return it in time.
A. as long as B. when C. until D. as though
15. She bought a digital camera online _________ she would save a lot of time.
A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D. such as
16. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _________ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
17. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
18. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_________ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D.so that
19. The little boy saved every coin __________ he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
20. When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _________excited _________ they cried out.
A. so, that B. such that C. now that D. even though
二、句型训练（Use correct English words to fill in the blanks according to the Chinese in brackets）
1. He puts the ice cream into the fridge immediately, ______ it melts easily. (因为).
2. Susan must have come back home, _______ her coat is not in the wardrobe. (因为).
3. If I were a bird，I ______ fly in the air. (就能够).
4. He will cook dinner for you, if I __________ early. (回家)
5. I tell you this, I will __________ that day has come. (直到……才……休息)
6. We have extended the time limit for claims ________ July 30. (直到……为止)
7. _______ he little boy walks in, they sing a happy birthday song. （一……，就……)
8. If she _______ to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter.（be动词）
9. We will not get there on time ________ we start early. (除非……)
10. _______ she had failed in her experiment many times, she didn’t lose her heart. (虽然)
三、Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. She is such a good teacher that all the students respect her.
2. The workers did so well that he was pleased with them.
3. I tell you this, I will not rest until that day has come.
4. You can use these methods as soon as a new request is created.
5. You can have my cottage whenever you like
6. Whoever passes here would stop to admire the scenery.
7. She gave the injection so gently and fast that he felt nothing.
8. If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.
9. If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.
10. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would go skating.
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 我想知道她住哪。
2. 他还是个小男孩的时候我就认识他了。
3. 谁猜中这个谜语就能得奖。
4. 如果我早回家就为你做晚饭。
5. 有志者事竟成（哪里有决心，哪里就有通向成功之路）。
6. 如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫、戴领带。(事实：我并不是你)
7. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小或可能）
8.直到父亲回来小明才离开家。
9. 格林先生自从三年前来到中国后，他就在这所学校任教。
10. 布朗先生在来这里之前，曾在银行工作过一年。
第二十二讲 定语从句(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
状语从句是高考试题中出现比较多的内容，无论在单项选择、完型填空还是阅读理解等项目中都占有较大比例。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重从状语从句是历年高考中出现比较频繁的考查内容，无论在单项选择、完型填空还是阅读理解等项目中都占有较大比例。教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，首先要注重对状语的从句语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题；避免有争议的怪题。教师需要把状语从句部分的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。
因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
The Adverbial Clause（状语从句）
状语从句在复合句中起副词的作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词和形容词，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、让步、比较等。状语从句一般放在主句后，也可放在句首。
I. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句常由从属连词 when, while, as, until, as soon as等引导。
1. I don't know when the decision was made.
我不知道什么时候作出的这个决定。
2. I sat on the settee to unwrap the package while he stood by.
我坐在长椅上打开包裹时他就站在旁边
3. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
4. I waited a long time until a script came along that I thought was genuinely funny.
我等了很长时间，直到出现了一个我认为真正逗趣的剧本。
5. The complaints system swings into action as soon as a claim is made.
一有人投诉，投诉机构马上开始运作。
6. I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
我一到上海就会给你写信的。
II. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句由从属连词where, wherever引导。
1. Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
2. Some people enjoy themselves wherever they are.
有些人能够随遇而安。
3. Here's my card. You know where to find me
这是我的名片。你知道哪里能找到我。
4. You will see exactly where you are slipping up.
你会确切地知道自己哪里出了错。
III. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句由从属连词 because, as, since 等引导。
1. They actually moved down from upstairs because the rent's that expensive.
他们确实从楼上搬到了楼下，因为房租太贵了。
2. Because it is an area of outstanding natural beauty, you can't build it on the area.
因为这一带自然风光旖旎，所以你不能把它建在这里。
3. Susan must have come back home, since her coat is not in the wardrobe.
苏珊肯定回过家，因为她挂在衣橱里的外套不见了。
4. He puts the ice cream into the fridge immediately, as it melts easily.
他马上把冰激凌放进冰箱，因为它很容易化掉。
IV. 条件状语从句
条件状语从句由从属连词 if, unless, so/as long as 等引导。如果主句用一般将来时，if从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow，we’ll have a picnic together.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。
2. You won’t get better unless you take the medicine.
除非你吃药，否则你不会康复。
3. I will pay for you as long as you help me do the housework.
只要你帮我做家务，我就替你付款。
V. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句由从属连词 as, as if, as though等引导。
1. Why not do as your father told you?
为什么不按照你爸爸说的那样去做？
2. Jack looks as though he were in good health.
杰克看上去好像很健康。
3. Anne shrugged, as if she didn't know
安妮耸了耸肩，好像她并不知晓。
4. It sounds as if they might have made a dreadful mistake
听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。
VI. 目的状语从句
目的状语从句常由so that (以便)；in order that (为了)； that (为了,以便) 等引导。其中in order that引导的目的状语从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后；而其它连词引导的目的状语从句一般放在主句后面。
1. Please speak clearly, so that we may understand you.
请说清楚点，以便我们能听清楚你说的话。
2. In order that she could follow the TV lessons, she has bought the book.
为了能跟上电视课程,她买了这本书。
3. We set out early that we might arrive on time.
我们很早就出发了,以便能准时到达。
VII. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由that（结果，以致）；so that（结果，以致）；so … that（如此……以致）；such … that（如此……以致）等引导。
1. I have a bad pain in my wound that I need some painkillers。
我的伤口痛得厉害，我需要止痛剂。
2. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
她病了，所以没有出席会议。
3. He was so excited that he could not say a word.
他是如此的激动以至于他一个字都说不出来。
4. She is such a patient nurse that every patient likes her.
她是一位耐心的护士,患者都喜欢她。
VIII. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句常由although (though)（虽然）；even if (though)（即使）；no matter who (when, what, how, where)；however ( whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever)等引导。
1. Though (Although) he is a child, he knows a lot.
他虽然是一个孩子，但他懂得很多东西。
2. I’ll visit him, even though (if) I can stay here only a few minutes.
即使我只能在这呆上一会儿，我也要去看他。
3. Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished
不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。
4. You should always strive to achieve more, however well you have done before
无论之前取得何等辉煌的成就，都应该不断努力进取。
5. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们。
6. Whatever troubles arise, we'll have peace of mind amidst seeming chaos.
无论出现什么样的麻烦，我们都会在貌似混乱的情形中保持平和的心态。
IX. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由more … than（比……更……）；as … as（与……一样）；not so (as) … as（与……不一样）等引导。
1. Her spoken English is better than anyone else’s in the class.
她的英语口语比班里哪一个都好。
2. He only smokes cigarette as expensive as he can afford.
他只抽他买得起的那种香烟。
3. The situation is not so bad as you suggest.
情形不如你说的那样糟。
I. 时间状语从句容易混淆之处
1．when所引导的状语从句中，谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词，其动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生，也可以在主句的动作之前或之后发生。但是当一个动作先发生另一个动作后发生时一般用when引导，不用as或while引导。
When I arrived at the station, the train had left.
当我到达车站时火车已经离开了。
He got engaged to Lucy when travelling last autumn.
去年秋天旅行时，他与露西订了婚。
It was raining when we arrived.
我们到的时候正在下雨。
2. 当要强调主句的动作与从句中的动作在某一段时间内同时发生时常用while。当在某事发生之际或发生的过程中，另一事又发生。while所引导的状语从句中，谓语应为延续性动词，而不用瞬时动词，强调其动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间一般较长；有时也可指主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。
While you are watching, try to write down the key points.
你在看的同时记下要点。
3．当主、从句都是延续性的动作时，表示“一边……一边”，“在……时候”，“随着……时”一般用as来引导。指从句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生或同时进行，一般持续时间不长，其谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬时动词。
As the heart beats, it pumps blood to all parts of the body.
心脏跳动时把血液输送到全身各部分。
4. not… until：“直到……才”，until常和not搭配。
He didn’t finish doing his homework until his mother came back.
直到妈妈回来他才写完作业。
II. 在时间和条件从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
在含有真实条件句作状语从句和时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句是将来时（包括一般将来时、将来完成时、过去将来时），从句通常用现在时（包括一般现在时、现在完成时）表示将来。
We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
如果明天不下雨我们就要出去郊游。
She will write to you as soon as she gets to Jinan.
她一到济南就给你写信。
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the device.
如果装置出故障，就把开关关掉。
【温馨提示】需要注意的是：从句是一般现在时表示将来时，主句一定是一般将来时。但是如果主句是过去式时，If引导的条件句不能用现在时态表示将来要发生的动作；if从句要用虚拟条件句（虚拟语气）。即：if引导的条件状语从句可以分为两类：
1. 真实条件句：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。如上面的三个例句。
2. 虚拟条件句：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句有下面几种情况：表示与现在事实相反的假设；表示与过去事实相反的假设；表示与将来事实相反的假设。其句子结构分别是：
1）从句是：if +主语+动词的过去式（be 用were）+ ……
主句是：主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形+ ……
2）从句是：if +主语+ had +过去完成式动词 + ……
主句是：主语+ would（should，could，might）+ have +过去完成式动词 + ……
3）从句是：if +主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形 + ……
主句是：主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形+ ……
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
如果你成功了，一切都会好起来的。
If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.
如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）
III. 原因状语从句引导词because, as, since辨析
1. because：because表示因果关系语气最强，一般后面是听话者所不知道的原因， 通常用来回答由why引导的疑问句。另外，由because引导的分句在句首时，须用逗号与主句隔开，在句末时则不用隔开。
Because the traffic is so busy, she failed to arrive at the station on time.
因为路上交通太拥挤，她没能准时赶到车站。
He came back late because there was something wrong with his car.
他回来晚了，因为汽车出了故障。
The kidneys play an important role in the balance of fluid and electrolyte because about 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed into the plasma, with the remaining 1% excreted as urine.
肾脏在维持机体的体液和电解质平衡方面作用重大，是因为肾小球的过滤液约99%被重新吸收到血液中，只有1%作为尿液排出体外。
2. as：所表示的原因一般是听话者已经知道的，它不能用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。如果所述理由是明显的或者已知的，用as比because更合适。
As Lily was very weak, she could not stand the operation.
莉莉因为身体很弱，承受不了手术。
As it's raining, you'd better stay at home.
既然在下雨，你最好呆在家里。
He puts the ice cream into the fridge immediately, as it melts easily.
他马上把冰激凌放进冰箱，因为它很容易化掉。
3. for：属于并列连词，由它引导的分句表示补充说明性的理由，通常只能置于句末，且必须用逗号与前面的分句隔开。
He must have passed this way, for here are his footprints.
他肯定是从这条路走过去的，这里有他的脚印。
He has to work hard, for he wants to support his family.
因为要养家糊口，他必须努力工作。
4. since：当原因是已知的客观事实或被当作推断的理由时用，一般是听话者已经知道的。语气略强于as。
Since he is absent, let's begin now.
既然他不在，我们现在就开始吧。
Susan must have come back home, since her coat is not in the wardrobe.
苏珊肯定回过家，因为她挂在衣橱里的外套不见了。
The first menarche may come early or late since it can be affected by the hereditary, body quality (diathesis), conditions of nutrition and climate.
初潮有可能来得早，也有可能来得晚，因为它要受遗传、身体素质、营养状况、气候环境等因素影响。
IV. 让步状语从句的连词
no matter who= whoever；no matter when= whenever；no matter what= whatever；no matter how=however；no matter where= wherever。
1. No matter what you say, I’ll never change my mind.
=Whatever you say, I’ll never change my mind.
无论你说什么，我都不会改变我的主意。
2. Wherever you go, I will go with you.
=No matter where you go, I will go with you.
无论你去哪里，我都要与你一同去。
3. Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
=No matter when we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难时，他们总来帮助我们
V. so … that与 such … that的用法区别
so 修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为：“so + adj. / adv. + that 从句”；such修饰名词，常用句型为：“such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句”（有三种情况）。
在so…that结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。
1. such…that的句型结构可分三种情况：
1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.
他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。
2) such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that从句
They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.
这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。
3) such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句
He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
2. so … that的句型结构：so + adj. / adv. + that 从句
1) This book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.
这本书很有趣，人人都想看看。
2) He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我没赶上他。
3) I was so busy here (that) I had no time to write a letter.
我在这里很忙，没时间写信。
【温馨提示】如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一块，紫一块的。
He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.
他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building.
街上有那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。
知识点一 时间状语从句
例1：Mozart started writing music _________ he was four years old.
A. as B. until C. when D. while
【答案】C
【解析】句意：莫扎特在四岁的时候就开始创作音乐。when强调特定的时间，意思为：在……的时候；as一般为：正当……的时候，常常是说话双方都知道的原因；while一般表示的是在……期间，或者是与主句的动作同时发生的；until显然与句子不相符，而且until通常与not搭配。故答案为C。
变式训练1：
1）If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. Because B. though C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解析】句意：如果你不能理解一些事情，你可以调查、研究、和别人聊聊，直到你弄明白为止。主句、从句结构完整，不缺主干成分，为状语从句。根据逻辑关系，此处应为时间状语从句。because因为，引导原因状语从句；though由于，引导原因状语从句；since虽然也引导时间状语从句，但其意思为自从。until指直到……为止，而且通常与not搭配；故答案为C。
2）Pat killed time by watching TV _________ he is waiting for her.
A. once B. if C. after D. while
【答案】D
【解析】句意：帕特在等她时边看电视边打发时间。once一旦；if如果；二者引导条件从句。从句意分析主句与从句的动作是时间上的先后或者同时进行，所以派出答案A和B。after表示在……之后，不符合句意，答案D while所表示的是主句与从句的动作同时发生的；指在某事发生之际或发生的过程中，另一事又发生，也可指主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。故选择答案D。
知识点二 原因状语从句引导词
例2：They actually moved down from upstairs _________ the rent is so expensive.
A. though B. as C. since D. because
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们确实从楼上搬到了楼下，因为房租太贵了。纵观全句，之所以搬到楼下就是因为房租贵，对搬到楼下的原因进行回答，用because最为贴切。如果所述理由是明显的或者已知的，则用as；当所述原因是已知的客观事实或被当作推断的理由时用since，其语气略强于as。在表示表示因果关系中，because语气最强。故选择D。
变式训练2：
1）She is forever on a diet, ________ she often says that she puts on weight easily
A. since B. as C. because D. for
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她永远都在减肥，因为她总说她很容易长胖。当所述原因是已知的客观事实或被当作推断的理由时用since，从该句前半部分分析得知她永远都在减肥，因为她认为自己很容易发胖，以此为推断的理由，所以总是在减肥。故答案为A。
2）__________ they fears about home security, more people are arranging for someone to stay in their home when they're away
A. For B. As C. Though D. Although
【答案】B
【解析】句意：因为他们担心住宅安全，多数人在出门的时候会在家中留人。答案C和D都是引出让步状语从句的连词，不符合该句，因为该句子的前半部分是后半部分的原因，是因果关系，所以排除。一般由for引导的分句表示补充说明性的理由，通常只能置于句子的后半部分，不放在句首。故答案为B。
知识点三 so … that与 such … that的用法区别
例3：They are __________ interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.
A. such a B. so C. such D. so a
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这些书如此有趣以至于我们全都喜欢阅读。在有so与such的状语从句中注意：so修饰形容词或副词；其结构为“so + 形容词或者副词+ that 从句”。such修饰名词，其结构为：“such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句”（句子中空白所要修饰的是名词复数形式books，所以用such，不加不定冠词看。故答案为B。
变式训练3：
1）3. The camera is __________ expensive __________ I can't afford it.
A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这相机太贵了，我买不起。该句子中所修饰的形容词，所以用“so + 形容词或者副词+ that 从句” 的句型结构。故答案为A。
2）To my surprise, he could get over _________ difficult problems that he succeeded at last.
A. so much B. such many C. so many D. such few
【答案】C
【解析】句意：令我吃惊的是他能克服许多困难，终于成功了。在这个句子里，空格处虽然修饰的是名词problems，但是在其前面有many或者few修饰；根据该结构规则：如果such后边的名词前有many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so，所以排除答案B和D。答案A中的much是修饰不可数名词的；只有答案C符合，故选择答案C。
知识点四 真是条件句与虚拟条件句的基本结构
例4：She will play the piano only if she ________
A. pays B. is paid C. paid D. will pay
【答案】B
【解析】句意：只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏钢琴。在真实条件句中，首先，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时；再者，she是被付报酬者。即付报酬的承受着，要用被动语态。故选择答案B。
变式训练4：
1）If he ________, please let me know.
A. came back B. comes back C. will come back D. Would come back
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果他回来了，请通知我。在一般条件句中，在真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。故选择答案B。
故选择B。
2）If there ________ no air or water，there ________ no living things on the earth.
A. is；will be B. was；will be C. was；would be D. were；would be
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（而事实上，地球上既有空气，也有水。）这个句子是与实施相反的假设，要用虚拟条件句的结构。虚拟条件句的结构的基本结构有三种形式：① 从句是if +主语+动词的过去式（be 用were）；主句是主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形。② 从句是if +主语+ had +过去完成式动词；主句是主语+ would（should，could，might）+ have +过去完成式动词。③ 从句是：if +主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形；主句是主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形。故选择D。
知识点五 让步状语从句
例5：______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解析】句意：虽然鸟儿们用它们的羽毛来飞翔，但它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。主句、从句结构完整，不缺主干成分，结合句意，此为状语从句。根据逻辑关系，此处句意应为转折，可用让步状语从句表语意的转折，故用although。Once一旦；If如果；二者都引导条件状语从句。Because因为；引导原因状语从句。故答案为C。
变式训练5：
1）_________ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem
【答案】C
【解析】句意：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战。However表示让步的顺序是：however+形容词+主语+谓语。however做连接副词时相当于no matter how，后面接形容词或副词。意为：无论；不管。however引导让步状语从句，顺序为：however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。故选择C。
2）Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _________ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们中的许多人对给他人劝告充耳不闻，尽管他们知道这些劝告是有价值的。as if仿佛；now that既然；even though尽管；so that以便。根据句意，该句子是转折、让步状语从句，答案even though（尽管）符合句意。故选择答案C。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. There is ________ food in the refrigerator that we don’t need to buy anything.
A. such a B. such much C. so much D. so many
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：冰箱里有这么多食物，我们不需要买任何东西。food指食物、食品的时候是不可数名词；当强调食物的种类时是可数名词；此句中指食物，所以是不可数名词，故排除D。在有so与such的状语从句中注意：so修饰形容词或副词；其结构为so + 形容词或者副词+ that 从句。such修饰名词，其结构为：such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句；但是需要注意的是：如果such后边的名词前由many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so；所以又排除答案A、B。故选择C。
2. 1. He was________ excited ________ he couldn't get sleep.
A. so；/ B. such；that C. such；/ D. so；that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他激动得睡不着觉。在有so与such的状语从句中注意：so修饰形容词或副词；其结构为so + 形容词或者副词+ that 从句；excited为形容词，排除答案B和C；答案A结构不完整。故选择D。
3. This is_________ funny story that we all enjoy listening to it.
A. so a B. so C. such a D. such
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个故事真滑稽，我们都喜欢听。根据so修饰形容词或副词；其结构为so + 形容词或者副词+ that 从句。such修饰名词，其结构为：such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句；排除答案A和B，因为funny虽然是形容词，但它修饰的是名词 story，也就是说，空格处修饰的是名词，而不是形容词；再看所修饰的名词是否单复数或者不可数名词确定，story是单数可数名词，所以排除D；故选择C。
4. It was ________ bad weather that he had to stay at home.
A. such B. so C. such a D. so a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：天气如此恶劣，他不得不呆在家里。根据such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that 从句结构，weather是不可数名词，并且有bad修饰，名词前面用such，排除答案B和D，不可数名词前不用冠词，故选择A。
5. _________ finds a cure for cancer will render a great service to mankind.
A. What B. Whoever C. Whose D. Whatever
【答案】B
【解析】句意：谁要是能够找到治疗癌症的方法，那将是功德无量（为人类做了个大好事）。该句子缺少的是从句中的主语，根据句意，只要是能找到治疗方法的人，而不是某物或者事物，所以先排除答案A和D。Whose表示所属关系（谁的），Whoever表示不论是谁，故选择答案B。
6. ________ you are, you will be welcomed.
A. Why B. No matter what C. Wherever D. Who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：无论你在哪里，你都会受到欢迎。从句子的上下文可以推断出只要是有你的地方，你就会受到欢迎，也就是无论你出现在哪里，都会受到欢迎的；空格处强调的是地点，是让步状语从句。因此排除A、B和D。选择Wherever；故选择答案C。
7. I will try it, _________I am likely to fail.
A. if B. though C. so D. since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管我很可能失败，但我还是要试试看。主句部分是我要试试，从句部分是很可能失败，无论主句还是从句的句子结构都完整，从前后的意思可以推断出是转折关系。though为表示转折关系的连词。故选择B。
8. She takes good care of the baby ________ he were her own child.
A. as if B. as C. when D. until
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她把婴儿照顾得很好，就好像是她自己的孩子一样。as if仿佛，好像，虚拟语气，事实上不是。as作为连词有不同的用法，如：像，像……一样；由于；当……时；尽管等。主句的意思是把孩子照顾得好，从句可以从两个方面考虑：一是为什么照顾得好，二是照顾的方式；因此从句应该是原因或者方式。答案C和D引导时间状语从句，不符合该句。从句如果是表示原因，从句中的系动词不符合；所以从句是表示方式的状语从句，用的是虚拟语气，系动词用were。故选择A。
9. You should love your mother ________ your life is given by your mother.
A. since B. if C. when D. as long as
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你应该爱你的母亲，因为你的生命是你母亲赋予的。since由于，因为；if如果，引导条件状语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；as long as只要……就，引导条件状语从句。主句的意思是主语该怎样做，从句解释为何要如此的原因，所以since符合该句。故选择答案A。
10. I was doing the washing ________ my brother was watching TV.
A. because B. if C. while D. since
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当我正在洗衣服时，我弟弟在看电视。答案A引导原因状语从句；答案B引导条件从句，均可排除；答案D可以引导表示原因的从句，也可以引导表示时间的从句（自从……时候开始），不符合该句子。该句子主句与从句的两个动作是同时进行的，只有while符合。故选择答案C。
11. ___________ it’s not easy to cure her chronic heart failure, we’ll try our best.
A. In order that B. Even though C. As. D. So
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管治疗慢性心力衰竭并不容易，但我们会尽最大努力。主句和从句主句中的句子结构完整，主句要尽力试一试，从句强调了不容易，所以是让步状语从句。In order that引导目的状语从句；As表示因为；So表示结果。Even though意思是即使，表示让步。故选择答案B。
12. The teacher spoke English slowly ________ we might understand her.
A. as B. as soon as C. because D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这位老师英语得很慢，以便我们能听懂。老师讲英语慢的目的是让我们能听懂。因此，空格处要填引导目的状语从句的连词。as和because显然都不是，as soon as表示一……就……；so that表示以便于……，引导目的状语从句；故选择答案D。
13. The children watered the trees _________ the trees would grow well.
A. such as B.so as C. in order that D. such that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：孩子们给树浇水，以便树木长得好。浇水的目的是让树长得好，所以空格处要填的是引导目的状语从句的连词。in order that=so that，表示为了……，以便于……；故选择C。
14. You may use the dictionary ________ you can return it in time.
A. as long as B. when C. until D. as though
【答案】A
【解析】句意：只要你能及时归还，你就可以使用这本词典。从主句得知，可以使用，条件是你要按时归还，答案A是引导条件状语从句的连词，as long as的意思是：只要……，就……。其它三个连词分别引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句；不符合本句。故选择答案A。
15. She bought a digital camera online _________ she would save a lot of time.
A.so that B.as soon as C.no matter D. such as
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她在网上买了一台数码相机，以便于能节省很多时间。她在网上买的结果是节省了很多时间，所以用引导结果状语从句的连词，排除B（引导时间状语从句的连词）和C（引导让步状语从句的连词）。so that意思是：以便，结果，以致；such as意思是：例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的。故选择答案A。
16. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _________ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：南希去年在悉尼拜访朋友时玩得很开心。when引导时间状语从句。本题干扰性最强的是A项，so...that引导结果状语从句，但根据语境，这里并没有因果关系的含义。故选择答案C。
17. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：凯西在儿子出生时就辞去了工作，以便于她能够待在家里抚养孩子。题中的连词短语now that既然；as if似乎，好像；only if只要……；so that以至于，结果是；根据句意可知本句中的so that引导的是一个目的状语从句，从句中常常会有其他动词can等。故选择D。
18. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，_________ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D.so that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们中的许多人不听他的建议，尽管他们知道那很有价值。as if好像；now that既然；even though尽管；so that结果是。分析全句，可以看出：主句与从句的句子结构均完整，主句的意思是：不听建议，从句的意思是：知道有价值；前后有转折关系；故选择答案C。
19. The little boy saved every coin __________ he could buy his mother a present on Mother's day.
A. now that B. as if C. only if D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个小男孩把每一枚硬币都存起来，这样他就可以在母亲节给妈妈买一件礼物了。纵观全句，小男孩存钱的目的是为了给妈妈买礼物，所以从句应该是由是表示目的的连词引导。now that既然；as if似乎，好像；only if只要……；so that以至于，结果是；而且so that引导的从句中常常会有can，could等。故选择答案D。
20. When the football fans saw Beckham, they got _________excited _________ they cried out.
A. so, that B. such that C. now that D. even though
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当球迷看到贝克汉姆时，他们激动得哭了起来。答案C和D的两个词之间不可以分开，所以排除。根据so … that与 such … that的用法区别，答案A和B的结构分别是：so 修饰形容词或副词：so + adj. / adv. + that……；such修饰名词：such + (a / an / )+adj. + n. + that……。故选择答案A。
二、句型训练（Use correct English words to fill in the blanks according to the Chinese in brackets）
1. He puts the ice cream into the fridge immediately, ______ it melts easily. (因为).
【答案】 as
【解析】 as所表示的原因一般是听话者已经知道的，它不能用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。如果所述理由是明显的或者已知的，用as。（他马上把冰激凌放进冰箱，因为它很容易化掉。）
2. Susan must have come back home, _______ her coat is not in the wardrobe. (因为).
【答案】 since
【解析】当原因是已知的客观事实或被当作推断的理由时用since，一般是听话者已经知道的。语气略强于as。（苏珊肯定回过家，因为她挂在衣橱里的外套不见了。）
3. If I were a bird，I ______ fly in the air. (就能够).
【答案】would be able to
【解析】这是一个条件句，但是If I were a bird这个假设不可能实现，所以是虚拟的，用虚拟条件句的用法。表示与现在事实相反的假设结构：从句是if +主语+动词的过去式（be 用were）+……；主句是主语+ would（should，could，might）)+ 动词原形+……。（如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。）
4. He will cook dinner for you, if I __________ early. (回家)
【答案】comes home
【解析】 这个句子就是真实条件句，因为假设的情况发生性可能很大，一般能够实现。在含有真实条件句作状语从句和时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句是将来时（包括一般将来时、将来完成时、过去将来时），从句通常用现在时（包括一般现在时、现在完成时）表示将来。（如果他早回家，他就会为你做晚饭。）
5. I tell you this, I will __________ that day has come. (直到……才……休息)
【答案】 not rest until
【解析】 这个句子是时间状语从句的从属连词，表示：直到……才……。（我可以肯定地说，不到那天我不会休息/直到那天，我才会休息。）
6. We have extended the time limit for claims ________ July 30. (直到……为止)
【答案】until
【解析】在含有until引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词（如：work，live，stay，study，play，wait等），那么主句常常用肯定式，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。这时until可译作：直到……为止。（我们已经把索赔期限延长到了7月30日）
7. _______ he little boy walks in, they sing a happy birthday song. （一……，就……)
【答案】 As soon as
【解析】 as soon as表示一……，就……；其中的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来时。（当这个小男孩儿一走进来，他们就唱起了生日快乐的歌。）
8. If she _______ to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter.（be动词）
【答案】were
【解析】 用这是一个虚拟条件句，来的可能性很小，不可能来。虚拟条件句中，be动词要用were。（如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。）
9. We will not get there on time ________ we start early. (除非……)
【答案】unless
【解析】unless引导条件状语从句，它所引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。（除非我们早点出发，否则我们不能准时到达那里。）
10. _______ she had failed in her experiment many times, she didn’t lose her heart. (虽然)
【答案】Although
【解析】although引导表示转折的让步状语从句。常用来表示尽管某件事情难做，但还是能努力去做。（虽然她多次试验失败，但她并没有失去信心。）
三、Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. She is such a good teacher that all the students respect her.
她是如此好的一位老师，学生们都很尊敬她。
2. The workers did so well that he was pleased with them.
工人们干得很好，他对他们很满意。
3. I tell you this, I will not rest until that day has come.
我可以肯定地说，不到那天我不会休息。
4. You can use these methods as soon as a new request is created.
一旦创建新的请求后，便可以使用这些方法。
5. You can have my cottage whenever you like
只要你愿意，随时都可以去我的乡间小屋住。
6. Whoever passes here would stop to admire the scenery.
但凡过路的人，都要停下一览这儿的风光。
7. She gave the injection so gently and fast that he felt nothing.
她打针很轻很快，他一点也不感到痛。
8. If I had any money with me，I could lend you some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）
9. If he studied harder，he might pass the exam.
如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）
10. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday，we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小或不可能）
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 我想知道她住哪。
I wonder where she lives.
2. 他还是个小男孩的时候我就认识他了。
I knew him when he was a little boy.
3. 谁猜中这个谜语就能得奖。
Whoever solves the riddle will get a prize.
4. 如果我早回家就为你做晚饭。
I’ll cook dinner for you, if I come home early.
5. 有志者事竟成（哪里有决心，哪里就有通向成功之路）。
Wherever there is a will, there is a way.
6. 如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫、戴领带。(事实：我并不是你)
If I were you， I'd wear a shirt and tie.
7. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小或可能）
If she were to be here next Monday，I would tell her about the matter.
8.直到父亲回来小明才离开家。
Xiao?Ming?didn’t?leave?home?until?his?father?came?back.?
9. 格林先生自从三年前来到中国后，他就在这所学校任教。
Mr?Green?has?taught?in?that?school?since?he?came?to?China?three?years?ago.?
10. 布朗先生在来这里之前，曾在银行工作过一年。
Mr.?Brown?had?worked?in?a?bank?for?a?year?before?he?came?here.?
