2019高考英语语法填空解题技巧及训练
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| 名称 | 2019高考英语语法填空解题技巧及训练 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2018-11-09 21:31:15 | ||
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语法填空解题技巧及训练
语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点。它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。具体考点和命题特点如下：
1．每一个空格的设至都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。
【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.
【解析】因allow 与they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed;由 had 和left
可知be 是过去式；主语是复数they, be 的过去式应是were, 答案就是were allowed. 此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。
【例2】The ___ why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me.
【解析】因为why引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason.此题看起来是考查填入适当的名词。但实际上是考查定语从句
2.考虑语境。
既然采用短文形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文以较强的语境特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了，考生要想填出正确答案，至少要理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。
【例3】Several changes have brought wild animals to the ____.Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970’s pollution control efforts.
【解析】：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句确定填cities。本题若只根据设空格本身，而不阅读并理解下文。是无法填出正确答案的。
3.考点分散。
基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，十个空格有可能涉及十个或十个以上的语法点。至少也得有7个语法点。因此，重复考查某项语法的可能性较小，填词相同的空格几乎没有可能。
4.适当提示。涉及到动词的时态，语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变换的空格，要紧扣上下文的信息提示。
【例4】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,____(reach) a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
【解析】reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。
【例5】It would be _____(believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!
【解析】因为在系动词be后作表语。要用believe的形容词形式believable，由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以臵信”可知，要加前缀变为反义词。故答案是unbelievable。
5.考题一般涉及到的语法项目：
1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语； 2）冠词的用法：有时要填的词是名词，但往往考的是冠词的用法；
3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词； 4）派生词的用法。
5）动词的适当形式（包括谓语动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的用法等）； 6）情态动词的用法；
7）定语从句。名词性从句、状语从句的引导词等。
8）代词的用法：人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。
特别提醒：
1）适当注意倒装句中的助动词和强调谓动词的助动词的用法； 2）名词的数和所有格有可能在给词填空中考察；
3）要填写的词位于句首要注意大写； 4）考生需要具备句子结构分析的能力:
首先，应熟练掌握简单句的五大基本句型；其次，要充分了解词类及语法功能；再次，要会分析并列句，主从复合句等；要懂得两个简单句间不用分号或句号，就必须用连词，否则句子结构不完整。
二、语法填空题解题思路和做题技巧。
通过对命题思路和考点的分析。考生对此题要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了明确的认识。接下来要弄清楚的是“如何做题”和确保考试得分的问题了。
下面就谈一谈这方面的事。
（一）解题思路。
做语法填空题时，可以用一种由大及小的思路去（其根据是此题的特点---语境与语法相结合）思考答案。也就是说，可以从“篇章，句子，词汇”三个层面去思考。
1.通读全文，了解大意，弄清文脉。
考生不要读一句就填一个答案，首先要把括号有提示的空格视为已知条件，通读全文，了解文段内容及要点。
2.结合语境，试填空格，先易后难。
基本了解文章大意后，就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构与空格、边读边填，遇到一时想出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。
语法填空答题技巧
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：
一、纯空格试题的解题技巧
纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。
首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：
技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。
例1：I can’t send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __1__ gets there almost in a second.
技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。
例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help___2___ rice crop grow up quickly
技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。
例3：…who should have the honour of receiving me ___3___ a guest in their house.
技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。
例4…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列
连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。
例5：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ___5 _died in 1926.
例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, ___6___he felt very happy
技巧6:由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。
判断方法：去掉it is … that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。
(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.
例7：…and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精).
例8：… as ___8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists..
2 例9：Dating sites also makes___9__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。
例10：__10___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(4) so / such …that…句型 例11：This made the goat so jealous ___11___ it began plotting against the donkey
(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。
例12：Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___12____ how much he pays.
二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。
技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
例13：When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you.
例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14__(close) my book and walked away
例15：In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.
例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often
16 (result) the contrary to our intention.（2008年广东高考语法填空）
例17：Now, Valentine’sDay is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.
技巧8若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：
(1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。
例18：…but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
例19：19 _(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。
例20：_20_(complete) the project as planed, we’ll have to work two more hours a day
(3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。
例2：He saw the stone, __21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”
例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests. 3
技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。
例23：There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.
例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes
例25：These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work.
三、词类转换题的解题技巧
这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。
技巧10:作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。
例26：The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject.
技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
例28：As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that… 例29：29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.
技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生
词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。
例30：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use).
例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office.
技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.
例33：The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.
例34：…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 (high)
以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。
4 语法填空练习
Last Friday Miss Wang gave us a lesson on the history of English. I learned much from it. She said __1__ English was not the language of English until the 5th century when the Germans came. I never expected English has many French words just __2__ a Frenchman William became the king
of England __3__ 1066. What’s more, we really couldn’t believe our ears when Miss Wang told __4__ that English has become an international language __5__ (part) because its grammar is easy! Miss Wang said that other language in Europe have __6__ (difficult) grammar than English. The lesson of that day was so strange __7__ interesting. Well, I think it is foolish __8__ us to learn a very difficult language, isn’t it? Once I didn’t like English, but after this lesson, I find I am interested in it. Miss Wang __9__ (promise) that she would tell us more about English the next week. I cannot wait __10__ (have) the coming lesson.
达标训练
第二节 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My aunt Betty is a typist who has always wanted to go on a time travel holiday．Last year she 61 (decide)to design her own time tour．She wanted to take a space capsule to AD 3050．The representative from 62 time travel company gave her the impression that the space capsule was easy 63 (handle)．He told her about its efficiency and safety. This increased her 64 (motivate)to take the DIY(Do It Yourself)time tour．However，her trip was not the instant success she had expected．When she pressed the switch to begin the journey there was a flash 65 the capsule’s engine died．No matter how hard she tried，Aunt Betty was unable to restart the engine，which made her 66 (terrify)．It seemed that the capsule was far from being efficient and 67 (rely)．She wondered whether some parts of the capsule had been manufactured from second-hand materials． 68 (obvious)it was quite unsafe for her to travel in，so instead of 69 (visit)settlements far in the future，Aunt Betty had to go to Hainan 70 her holiday!
<2>
Christmas is no fun when you're poor. Twenty years ago I was a young, 61 （struggle）, substitute（替补） teacher whose calls into work had been few．Money was tight, bills were due 62 my wife and I couldn't even afford to get Christmas gifts for each other．The only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found 63 （sell）at half price in the supermarket．I opened the door and brought in the gifts I 64 （hide） in our old car's trunk．Then I handed 65 to my son and daughter．I watched with a sad smile as they did their best to tear off the wrapping paper．As they pulled out their toys, though, I noticed their faces lit up and 66 jumped up and down．My daughter 67 （happy） hugged her toy and then hugged her Mom and me as well．I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys 68 _ hours, and thanked God for the 69 _ （great） happiness I had ever been given．Till today I still treasure 70 gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave me that day．
<3>
Travelling around the Sydney district is a wonderful experience.
The sightseeing options are 61 (end), but most travelers begin on the harbor at the Sydney Opera House. __62 (know) as one of the wonders of the world, it is a photographer’s dream.
There is a huge 63 (choose) of accommodations available in the city and its surrounding area. Darling Harbor is famous for its restaurants and four-star hotels. Under the famous Sydney Harbor Bridge is the Rocks shopping district, which 64 (call) “the heaven of shoppers”. You can spend at least a half day 65__ (wander) through the alleys and side streets to take 66 everything the shops offer. On the other side of harbor __67 (lie) another must-visit spot, the Taronge Park Zoo. With an exciting collection of native animals, including lions and giraffes, 68 is rare to find a zoo with a view of Darling Harbor and the city skyline.
The Royal Botanic Garden is within walking distance of the Opera House, and is an absolutely perfect place for a picnic lunch. After lunch, take a walk to Sydney Tower, 69 you can get 360-degree 70 (forget) views of the city.
<4>
It is natural that young people are often 61 （comfort） when they are with their parents.
They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, 62 they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they seldom give their children a free hand.
Parents often find 63 difficult to win their children’s trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young.
Young people like to act without much thinking. It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Adults worry 64 （much） easily. Most of them plan things ahead.
Young people make their parents angry with their 65 （choose） in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble: It just shows that they feel cut off 66 the adult’s world, and they have not yet been accepted into their world. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of 67 own. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people very happy.
Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say “yes” to what you do. All you want is 68 （leave） alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after 69 （be）a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents’ control.
If you plan to control your life, you’d better win your parents. If your parents see that you have 70 high sense of responsibility, they will give you the right to do what you want to do.
<5>
The Changing of the West Lake
All visitors to Hangzhou know Baidi Causeway (堤道) 61 a willow branch waves and a peach tree blossoms aside and Sudi Causeway which is known for 62 ( it ) beautiful scenery of “six bridges sleeping on the waves”. 63 (recent), the municipal government has restored Yanggongdi Causeway in the west 64 (build) by Yang Mengying mayor of Hangzhou in the Ming Dynasty. Yanggongdi Causeway, with its scenic wonder “a dike in water, water in dike”, is 65 attractive place for visitors.
New 66 (sight) are added. In 2000, Cheng Huang Tower on Mount Wu 67 (complete). In 2002, 78 years after Lei Feng Tower fell down, the tower was rebuilt at the foot of Mount Nanping. Now, 68 (row) a boat on the West Lake and looking around, one can see Bao Shun Tower, Lei Feng Tower and Cheng Huang Tower. They stand on the sides of the lake, adding 69 the beauty of the scenery, which now 70 (be) complete with three causeways, three pagodas and three isles.
（6）
There are moments in life ___61____ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug（拥抱） them for real.When the door of happiness closes, _62_____ opens, but often we look so long at the closed door___63____ we don’t see the one which has been opened for us.Don’t go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don’t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone _64_ __ makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be _65__ you want to be.The _66__(happy) of people don’t ___67__(necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that ___68__ (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a _69___ (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone _70____ you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you’re the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.
（7）
An unfortunate bird got the help it needed
These days in India we have a religious kite flying festival．Yesterday evening，just before dusk，I spotted a pigeon 61 (bad)tied up with a sharp string， 62 (hit)the wall and the tree branches，to free 63 (he)from the kite string.
Fortunately， 64 same string caught on our building terrace(阳台)．Immediately I sent my helper，Narain，to get to the terrace and try to pull up the unlucky bird gently. With great patience，he pulled up the injured bird. With the help of scissors，we 65 (manage)to free the bird by cutting the deadly thread．
We brought him to nor flat，in 66 we cleaned his injured wings．And we also gave him the 67 (boil)rice and water. We placed the bird in a sate place hoping that he would be able to live 68 the night.
In the morning we found our injured guest had flown away，hopefully to 69(safe)．We hope those enjoying the hobby of kite flying will be careful enough not to injure those helpless 70 ( bird)again．
（8）
Mrs White: Sit down please, Mr Smith. I 61 (read) your letter here. Can you tell me 62 about your schoolwork?
Mr Smith: 63 you can see, my best subject was history and my second 64 (good) was geography. However, my favourite subject was maths, and the results I got on the maths paper were quite 65 (reason).
Mrs White: That’s great. Now, can you tell me why you think these 66 (subject) will help you in this job?
Mr Smith: Well, Madam, I understand that you make computers, prepare software, and advise customers on how to use them. And I’ve been 67 (tell) that working with computers needs a logical mind rather than great skills in maths.
Mrs White: So, you would like to write material for computers, would you?
Mr Smith: Yes, Madam. That’s 68 interests me the most about computers—writing programs.
Mrs White: Well, I see, thank you. I’ve enjoyed 69 (we) talk. We’ll be 70 (contact) you.
Mr Smith: Thank you, Madam. Goodbye.
Passage 2 (2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to “air condition”a house without 4 (use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day： 7 the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9 (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
Passage 4 (2015·湖南)
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, 1 you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you don't have to go to 2 library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet 3 print the copies needed.Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 4 always rely just on the Internet for your research.
While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become 5 complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed 6 the amount of information. You need to learn 7 to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, 8 need to check the accuracy of it.
Passage 5 (2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 1 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days 4 even a few months.It took years of work 5 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are 8 (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 10 (patience).
Passage 6 (2014·广东)
Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready.
After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week， 4 for the week after.I didn't understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What's worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was 7 (surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren't charged extra.
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little 10 (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
Passage 9 (2013·广东)
One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he 1 (find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much 2 too little.”
His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much，Father，but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money？”
“That would be a very 4 (reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.
Nick's guests, 5 had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn't 8 (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always 10 (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”
Passage 10 (2011·广东)
One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front.He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be 5 (mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk，but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.
I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him 8 his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had 9 amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I'm glad I made the choice.It made 10 of us feel good.
<11)
TOEFL，short for Test of English as a Foreign Language，is a standardized test of English．The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey 61(study)in an English-speaking country．
The TOEFL test 62(measure)your ability to use and understand at the university level．And it evaluates 63 well you combine your listening，reading，speaking and writing 64 (skill)to perform academic tasks．
More than 30 million people from all over the world have taken the TOEFL test to show 65 English-language competence．The TOEFL test has 66 (many)test dates and locations than any other English-language test in the world．You can retake the test many times as you wish，67 you cannot take it more than once in a 12-day period．
The TOEFL test is the most 68 (wide)respected English-1anguage test in the world，69 (organize)by more than 9,000 colleges，universities and agencies in more than 130 countries， 70 (include)Australia，Canada，the U．K．and the United States．Wherever you want to study，the TOEFL test can help you get there．
<12>
Malls are popular places for Americans 61 (go). Some people spend so much time at malls 62 they are called “mall rats”. Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.
People like malls 63 many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is 64 (usual) free, and the atmosphere inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green 65 (tree).
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. 66 has 350 store, right night clubs and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people stop every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States 67 (build) in 1965 in Edina, Minnnesota. Now people shop in malls, of course. They also eat in food houses, 68 have food from all over the world. They see movies here. Some people even get their daily exercise by 69 (do) the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In 70 word, now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center.
(13)
I was raised in New York City where it’s very cold every winter. In the sixth grade, a teacher 61 (offer) to bring some students to a homeless shelter after school. I went with my friends and the teacher for several weeks, but when they stopped 62 (go) together I continued to volunteer. Because I was good 63 sewing, I was told to help out with the sewing kit 64 any guests needed some repairs. Throughout high school I continued to come each week after school, setting up my sewing kit 65 grew larger and larger. I got to know the guests came 66 (regular) .
Later on, I started a sewing club with my friend and we taught 67 (we) fellow students how to sew. We made heart-shaped pillows for sick 68 (child) and the elderly. Every time it rained I would think about the umbrellas 69 (sew) before. In the future I hope to continue helping others as much as I can. It is 70 most important thing I have ever done.
(15)
Wise Man
Ten people were going from one village to another. On the way they had to cross a river. After crossing they_61 (want) to be sure all were there. Each one started counting but counted only nine. They were very upset and began to cry for the 62 _ (lose) of the tenth.
A wise man came along and asked them,"Oh,my dear friends,why are you crying?”‘‘We were ten but now we are only nine, "
they replied , and cried even 63 (hard).
64 _wise man saw they were ten, so he asked them to count. Each counted nine but left out 65 _ (him). Then the wise man made them stand and count, and he said to the last person, "You are the tenth ! " They cheered for 66 _ (regain) the tenth at last.
Similarly the four inner 67 ___(thing)----mind, intelligence, memory, personality-----all mourn (哀悼)68 __they lose sight of the self. Then you show that they are four all the time!
Count,but never stop until you find the tenth. The joy is 69 finding the Ever Present. With the knowledge of the self inside,everything is 70 (true) joyful.
16.【2016·全国新课标I】
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 学科&网
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
17.【2016·全国新课标II】
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
18.【2016·全国新课标III】
In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
19.【2016·上海】(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.[来源:学科网]
20.【2016·四川】
The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
【语篇导读】 作者上了公交车后，发现一个患有精神病的人。作者会怎样做呢？
1.解析 later在此表示“随后”。
答案 later
2.解析 until表示“直到”，即朋友们陪着我一直等到车到站。
答案 until
3.解析 分析句子结构可知，这里应该用sit的现在分词sitting作宾语补足语。
答案 sitting
4.解析 根据全文内容可知，这是描述过去的事情，因此要用一般过去时。
答案 pretended
5.解析 mentally是mental的副词形式，用来修饰形容词disabled。
答案 mentally
6.解析 whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词other people。
答案 whom
7.解析 根据前半句话中的he可知，这里应该用he作主语。
答案 he
8.解析 leave sb on one's own意思是“让某人单独留下”。
答案 on
9.解析 conversation是可数名词，其前的形容词amazing是以元音音素开头的，因此这里要用不定冠词an。
答案 an
10.解析 根据文章内容可知，这里填both符合语境。这让我们两个人都很快乐。
答案 both
Passage 2【语篇导读】 相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。
1.解析 考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。
答案 built
2.解析 考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。
答案 the
3.解析 考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。
答案 ability
4.解析 考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。
答案 using
5.解析 考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。
答案 slowly
6.解析 考查固定句式的用法。“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。
答案 to cool
7.解析 考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。
答案 at
8.解析 考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。
答案 goes
9.解析 考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。
答案 natural
10.解析 考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。
答案 how
Passage 4【语篇导读】 随着电脑和因特网的出现，研究变得既简单又复杂。一方面，我们不必像以往一样在书中搜索资料，这为我们提供了极大的方便；另一方面，网络中众多的资料良莠不齐，选择准确的信息使我们的工作变得愈加复杂。
1.解析 考查状语从句。根据句意，如果你有了电脑，你可以通过上网获得所需的信息。
答案 if
2.解析 考查冠词。go to the library去图书馆；in the library 在图书馆。
答案 the
3.解析 考查连词。and 连接并列谓语find和print。
答案 and
4.解析 考查情态动词。根据上文你应该(should)查阅不同的资料。
答案 shouldn't
5.解析 考查形容词比较级。参见上文第一句more complex。
答案 more
6.解析 考查介词。be overwhelmed with 面临，陷入。
答案 with
7.解析 考查疑问词。根据句意，你需要学习如何分类并找到特定任务的相关信息。how to do 是含有疑问词的不定式，在此处作宾语。
答案 how
8.解析 考查代词。参见上文You need to learn how to sort throug...
答案 you
Passage 5 1.解析 文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。
答案 was
2.解析 修饰动词caught，用副词actually“实际上”。
答案 actually
3.解析 most outstanding是最高级，前面需要加the。
答案 the
4.解析 河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。
答案 or
5.解析 这里考查固定句型：It takes some time to do sth“做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce。
答案 to reduce
6.解析 根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。
答案 cleaner
7.解析 habit是先行词，故用that/which引导定语从句。
答案 that/which
8.解析 是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories，而amazed指“人感到吃惊的”，用来修饰人。
答案 amazing
9.解析 根据句子的谓语“are”可知主语应为复数。
答案 changes
10.解析 根据空格前系动词“be”可知这里应为形容词。
答案 patient
Passage 6 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。
1.解析 在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。
答案 it
2.解析 在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早的做的事，所以用比较级。
答案 earlier
3.解析 由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案 were told
4.解析 根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not...but...结构。
答案 but
5.解析 意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。
答案 why
6.解析 charge...for...是习惯搭配。
答案 for
7.解析 因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。
答案 surprisingly
8.解析 特指“在顶楼”。
答案 the
9.解析 先行词是地点the beach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (＝on which ＝and on the beach ＝and there)。
答案 where
10.解析 在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是burnt或burned。
答案 sunburnt/sunburned
Passage 9 【语篇导读】 本文通过Nick叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明，一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。
1.解析 动词时态。在主格人称代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境可知用一般过去时。
答案 found
2.解析 并列连词。nor构成并列连词neither...nor。
答案 nor
3.解析 连接副词。why not do sth (何不做某事)？是固定句式。
答案 why
4.解析 词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。
答案 reasonable
5.解析 非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是人，故填who。
答案 who
6.解析 介词。因名词a low price在句中不作主语、动词的宾语，应为介词的宾语；根据习惯搭配，用介词at。
答案 at
7.解析 介词。show respect for表示尊重。
答案 for
8.解析 副词。修饰谓语动词作状语，用副词。
答案 possibly
9.解析 不定冠词。a small amount of(少量的)是固定搭配。
答案 a
10.解析 非谓语动词。因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
答案 thinking
语法填空答题技巧参考答案：
1. it 2. his 3. as 4.and 5. who 6. but 7. it 8. it 9. it 10.
Only 11. that 12. than 13. will give 14. closed 15. were taken 16. results in 17. celebrated 18. to memorize 19. Speaking 20. To complete 21. saying 22. followed 23. uncomfortable 24. equipment 25. contributions 26. silent 27. interested 28. closely 29. Fortunately 30. useless 31. unnecessary 32. harder 33. worse 34. higher
语法填空参考答案：
1. that 2. because 3. in 4. us 5. partly 6. more difficulty 7. but 8. of 9. promised 10. to have
（7）
badly hitting himself the managed which boilded through safety birds
(8)
Have read something As best reasonable subjects told what our contacting
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the
65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。
66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。
67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。
68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。
69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。
【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。
70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。
考点：语法填空
【归纳总结】
语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。
如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。
解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确）
2.了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
41.greater 考查比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。
42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。
47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
48.a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。
49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。
50.make 考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，?有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,?im-，il-,?ir-，in-,?non-,?dis-等，在词根后加-less等。?
考点：考查语法填空
【答案】
41.and42.be made43.to create[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]44.using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with
46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
47.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。
49.were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
50.with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。
考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句
【名师点睛】
语法填空的解题技巧
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：
1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧
首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。
2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。
3. 词汇转换题解题技巧
这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。
【答案】
33.?has?been?regarded??34.?that??35.?better?? 36.?a?? 37.?you?? 38.?annoyed?? 39.?control??40.?to?get
36.?a? 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
37.?you??考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。
38.?annoyed??考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
39.?control?考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
?40.?to?get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。
【名师点睛】
本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：
强调句型：“It?is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：??
It?was?on?Monday?night?that?all?this?happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。??
It’s?me?that?he?blamed．他怪的是我。??
强调句型最重要的句型是：?It?is?(was)?＋?被强调部分＋?that／?who?＋?句子的其它成份?。
英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：??
It?is?they?who?／that?will?have?a?meeting?tomorrow．?(强调主语)?
It?is?a?meeting?that?they?will?have?tomorrow．?(强调宾语)
?It?is?tomorrow?that?they?will?have?a?meeting．?(强调时间状语)??
应注意的要点:?
1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it?本身没有词义。?
2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that?，而不能用when?或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如：?It?was?in?the?park?that?he?met?an?old?friend?yesterday．?(虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)?
3．强调句子的主语时，that?或who?之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：??
It?is?Mary?and?Tom?who?often?do?good?deeds．?
4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。
即It?is?．．．?that／who．．．和It?was?．．．that／who．．．。
如：??It?was?the?way?he?asked?that?really?upset?me．??
5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It?is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。
如：??It?was?in?today's?newspaper?that?we?found?the?news．?
去掉It?was?．．．that?之后，句子可以整理为:We?found?the?news?in?today's?newspaper．?
这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。??
常见考法:?
1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：??
It?was?for?this?reason?that?he?left?that?school．??
It?was?in?this?way?that?he?solved?the?problem．??
2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：??
It?was?only?when?I?reread?his?poems?that?I?began?to?appreciate?their?beauty．?
3．用?not?until?复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：??[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]
It?was?not?until?she?took?off?her?dark?glasses?that?I?realized?she?was?a?film?star．?
It?was?not?until?1920?that?regular?radio?broadcasts?began．?
4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：??
It?was?on?July?7th?1975?when?he?was?born?that?his?father?died．??
5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：?
Was?it?during?the?Second?World?War?that?he?died？?
When?was?it?that?the?sports?meeting?began？
?It?was?not?Tom?that?stole?the?book．?
Wasn't?it?he?that?had?made?a?mistake？?
6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用?is?或?was外?，还可以在其前面加上?may?／?might?／must?等表示推测的情态动词。
如：?It?might?be?him?that?you?met?yesterday．
考点：考查语法填空
【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies
46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and
43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。
45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。
46.When/If 句意：如果或当它哭的时候，她会前后摇动。故填When/If。
47.for 句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。
48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。
49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。
50.and 句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。
考点：考查语法填空
语法填空题主要考查的是语法和上下文的连贯性，而语法是重点。它主要考查的内容为高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。具体考点和命题特点如下：
1．每一个空格的设至都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。
【例1】In Greece women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they ___(allow) to attend weddings and some festivals.
【解析】因allow 与they 在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用be allowed;由 had 和left
可知be 是过去式；主语是复数they, be 的过去式应是were, 答案就是were allowed. 此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。
【例2】The ___ why I was sad was that he didn’t understand me.
【解析】因为why引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是reason.此题看起来是考查填入适当的名词。但实际上是考查定语从句
2.考虑语境。
既然采用短文形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文以较强的语境特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了，考生要想填出正确答案，至少要理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。
【例3】Several changes have brought wild animals to the ____.Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970’s pollution control efforts.
【解析】：在冠词the后必定是名词，再根据下句确定填cities。本题若只根据设空格本身，而不阅读并理解下文。是无法填出正确答案的。
3.考点分散。
基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，十个空格有可能涉及十个或十个以上的语法点。至少也得有7个语法点。因此，重复考查某项语法的可能性较小，填词相同的空格几乎没有可能。
4.适当提示。涉及到动词的时态，语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变换的空格，要紧扣上下文的信息提示。
【例4】Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,____(reach) a record $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
【解析】reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。用现在分词作状语，故填reaching。
【例5】It would be _____(believe) that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!
【解析】因为在系动词be后作表语。要用believe的形容词形式believable，由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以臵信”可知，要加前缀变为反义词。故答案是unbelievable。
5.考题一般涉及到的语法项目：
1）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语； 2）冠词的用法：有时要填的词是名词，但往往考的是冠词的用法；
3）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词； 4）派生词的用法。
5）动词的适当形式（包括谓语动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词的用法等）； 6）情态动词的用法；
7）定语从句。名词性从句、状语从句的引导词等。
8）代词的用法：人称代词、指示代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。
特别提醒：
1）适当注意倒装句中的助动词和强调谓动词的助动词的用法； 2）名词的数和所有格有可能在给词填空中考察；
3）要填写的词位于句首要注意大写； 4）考生需要具备句子结构分析的能力:
首先，应熟练掌握简单句的五大基本句型；其次，要充分了解词类及语法功能；再次，要会分析并列句，主从复合句等；要懂得两个简单句间不用分号或句号，就必须用连词，否则句子结构不完整。
二、语法填空题解题思路和做题技巧。
通过对命题思路和考点的分析。考生对此题要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了明确的认识。接下来要弄清楚的是“如何做题”和确保考试得分的问题了。
下面就谈一谈这方面的事。
（一）解题思路。
做语法填空题时，可以用一种由大及小的思路去（其根据是此题的特点---语境与语法相结合）思考答案。也就是说，可以从“篇章，句子，词汇”三个层面去思考。
1.通读全文，了解大意，弄清文脉。
考生不要读一句就填一个答案，首先要把括号有提示的空格视为已知条件，通读全文，了解文段内容及要点。
2.结合语境，试填空格，先易后难。
基本了解文章大意后，就可以动手填空了。分析句子结构与空格、边读边填，遇到一时想出来的答案，不要用太多时间停留在此题上，先跳过去，做后面的题，待填完其他空格后，再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义，填入最佳单词。
语法填空答题技巧
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：
一、纯空格试题的解题技巧
纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。
首先，分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：
技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。
例1：I can’t send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __1__ gets there almost in a second.
技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。
例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help___2___ rice crop grow up quickly
技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。
例3：…who should have the honour of receiving me ___3___ a guest in their house.
技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。
例4…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列
连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。
例5：The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini ___5 _died in 1926.
例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, ___6___he felt very happy
技巧6:由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1) 由it is … that… 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that。
判断方法：去掉it is … that…结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。
(2) 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.
例7：…and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精).
例8：… as ___8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists..
2 例9：Dating sites also makes___9__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
(3) 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not…until等词。
例10：__10___ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(4) so / such …that…句型 例11：This made the goat so jealous ___11___ it began plotting against the donkey
(5) more …than…(与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。
例12：Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___12____ how much he pays.
二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。
技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。
例13：When I die, I 13 (give) everything to you.
例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14__(close) my book and walked away
例15：In Loganm three people _15_(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.
例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often
16 (result) the contrary to our intention.（2008年广东高考语法填空）
例17：Now, Valentine’sDay is 17 (celebrate) in many countries around the world.
技巧8若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：
(1) 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。
例18：…but it is not enough only _18_(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
例19：19 _(speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
(2) 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。
例20：_20_(complete) the project as planed, we’ll have to work two more hours a day
(3) 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing）;若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed）。
例2：He saw the stone, __21_(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”
例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_(follow) by the foreign guests. 3
技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。
例23：There are 23 (comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.
例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 (equip) to dig holes
例25：These people have made great _ 25 (contribute) to China with their work.
三、词类转换题的解题技巧
这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。
技巧10:作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。
例26：The youngster immediately fell _26_(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_(interest) in the subject.
技巧11:修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
例28：As I looked _28 (close) at this girl, I found that… 例29：29 (fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.
技巧12:有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生
词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less等。
例30：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _30_(use).
例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31_(necessary) work in the office.
技巧13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
例32：The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even _32_(hard) and nearly made himself out.
例33：The _33_(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.
例34：…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 34 (high)
以上仅对语法填空中的主要情况进行了概括，在做语法填空题时，还应注意英语中的固定句型、固定搭配等。
4 语法填空练习
Last Friday Miss Wang gave us a lesson on the history of English. I learned much from it. She said __1__ English was not the language of English until the 5th century when the Germans came. I never expected English has many French words just __2__ a Frenchman William became the king
of England __3__ 1066. What’s more, we really couldn’t believe our ears when Miss Wang told __4__ that English has become an international language __5__ (part) because its grammar is easy! Miss Wang said that other language in Europe have __6__ (difficult) grammar than English. The lesson of that day was so strange __7__ interesting. Well, I think it is foolish __8__ us to learn a very difficult language, isn’t it? Once I didn’t like English, but after this lesson, I find I am interested in it. Miss Wang __9__ (promise) that she would tell us more about English the next week. I cannot wait __10__ (have) the coming lesson.
达标训练
第二节 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My aunt Betty is a typist who has always wanted to go on a time travel holiday．Last year she 61 (decide)to design her own time tour．She wanted to take a space capsule to AD 3050．The representative from 62 time travel company gave her the impression that the space capsule was easy 63 (handle)．He told her about its efficiency and safety. This increased her 64 (motivate)to take the DIY(Do It Yourself)time tour．However，her trip was not the instant success she had expected．When she pressed the switch to begin the journey there was a flash 65 the capsule’s engine died．No matter how hard she tried，Aunt Betty was unable to restart the engine，which made her 66 (terrify)．It seemed that the capsule was far from being efficient and 67 (rely)．She wondered whether some parts of the capsule had been manufactured from second-hand materials． 68 (obvious)it was quite unsafe for her to travel in，so instead of 69 (visit)settlements far in the future，Aunt Betty had to go to Hainan 70 her holiday!
<2>
Christmas is no fun when you're poor. Twenty years ago I was a young, 61 （struggle）, substitute（替补） teacher whose calls into work had been few．Money was tight, bills were due 62 my wife and I couldn't even afford to get Christmas gifts for each other．The only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found 63 （sell）at half price in the supermarket．I opened the door and brought in the gifts I 64 （hide） in our old car's trunk．Then I handed 65 to my son and daughter．I watched with a sad smile as they did their best to tear off the wrapping paper．As they pulled out their toys, though, I noticed their faces lit up and 66 jumped up and down．My daughter 67 （happy） hugged her toy and then hugged her Mom and me as well．I laughed as I watched my children play with their toys 68 _ hours, and thanked God for the 69 _ （great） happiness I had ever been given．Till today I still treasure 70 gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave me that day．
<3>
Travelling around the Sydney district is a wonderful experience.
The sightseeing options are 61 (end), but most travelers begin on the harbor at the Sydney Opera House. __62 (know) as one of the wonders of the world, it is a photographer’s dream.
There is a huge 63 (choose) of accommodations available in the city and its surrounding area. Darling Harbor is famous for its restaurants and four-star hotels. Under the famous Sydney Harbor Bridge is the Rocks shopping district, which 64 (call) “the heaven of shoppers”. You can spend at least a half day 65__ (wander) through the alleys and side streets to take 66 everything the shops offer. On the other side of harbor __67 (lie) another must-visit spot, the Taronge Park Zoo. With an exciting collection of native animals, including lions and giraffes, 68 is rare to find a zoo with a view of Darling Harbor and the city skyline.
The Royal Botanic Garden is within walking distance of the Opera House, and is an absolutely perfect place for a picnic lunch. After lunch, take a walk to Sydney Tower, 69 you can get 360-degree 70 (forget) views of the city.
<4>
It is natural that young people are often 61 （comfort） when they are with their parents.
They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, 62 they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they seldom give their children a free hand.
Parents often find 63 difficult to win their children’s trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young.
Young people like to act without much thinking. It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Adults worry 64 （much） easily. Most of them plan things ahead.
Young people make their parents angry with their 65 （choose） in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble: It just shows that they feel cut off 66 the adult’s world, and they have not yet been accepted into their world. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of 67 own. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people very happy.
Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say “yes” to what you do. All you want is 68 （leave） alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after 69 （be）a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents’ control.
If you plan to control your life, you’d better win your parents. If your parents see that you have 70 high sense of responsibility, they will give you the right to do what you want to do.
<5>
The Changing of the West Lake
All visitors to Hangzhou know Baidi Causeway (堤道) 61 a willow branch waves and a peach tree blossoms aside and Sudi Causeway which is known for 62 ( it ) beautiful scenery of “six bridges sleeping on the waves”. 63 (recent), the municipal government has restored Yanggongdi Causeway in the west 64 (build) by Yang Mengying mayor of Hangzhou in the Ming Dynasty. Yanggongdi Causeway, with its scenic wonder “a dike in water, water in dike”, is 65 attractive place for visitors.
New 66 (sight) are added. In 2000, Cheng Huang Tower on Mount Wu 67 (complete). In 2002, 78 years after Lei Feng Tower fell down, the tower was rebuilt at the foot of Mount Nanping. Now, 68 (row) a boat on the West Lake and looking around, one can see Bao Shun Tower, Lei Feng Tower and Cheng Huang Tower. They stand on the sides of the lake, adding 69 the beauty of the scenery, which now 70 (be) complete with three causeways, three pagodas and three isles.
（6）
There are moments in life ___61____ you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug（拥抱） them for real.When the door of happiness closes, _62_____ opens, but often we look so long at the closed door___63____ we don’t see the one which has been opened for us.Don’t go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don’t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone _64_ __ makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright.Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be _65__ you want to be.The _66__(happy) of people don’t ___67__(necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that ___68__ (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a _69___ (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone _70____ you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you’re the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.
（7）
An unfortunate bird got the help it needed
These days in India we have a religious kite flying festival．Yesterday evening，just before dusk，I spotted a pigeon 61 (bad)tied up with a sharp string， 62 (hit)the wall and the tree branches，to free 63 (he)from the kite string.
Fortunately， 64 same string caught on our building terrace(阳台)．Immediately I sent my helper，Narain，to get to the terrace and try to pull up the unlucky bird gently. With great patience，he pulled up the injured bird. With the help of scissors，we 65 (manage)to free the bird by cutting the deadly thread．
We brought him to nor flat，in 66 we cleaned his injured wings．And we also gave him the 67 (boil)rice and water. We placed the bird in a sate place hoping that he would be able to live 68 the night.
In the morning we found our injured guest had flown away，hopefully to 69(safe)．We hope those enjoying the hobby of kite flying will be careful enough not to injure those helpless 70 ( bird)again．
（8）
Mrs White: Sit down please, Mr Smith. I 61 (read) your letter here. Can you tell me 62 about your schoolwork?
Mr Smith: 63 you can see, my best subject was history and my second 64 (good) was geography. However, my favourite subject was maths, and the results I got on the maths paper were quite 65 (reason).
Mrs White: That’s great. Now, can you tell me why you think these 66 (subject) will help you in this job?
Mr Smith: Well, Madam, I understand that you make computers, prepare software, and advise customers on how to use them. And I’ve been 67 (tell) that working with computers needs a logical mind rather than great skills in maths.
Mrs White: So, you would like to write material for computers, would you?
Mr Smith: Yes, Madam. That’s 68 interests me the most about computers—writing programs.
Mrs White: Well, I see, thank you. I’ve enjoyed 69 (we) talk. We’ll be 70 (contact) you.
Mr Smith: Thank you, Madam. Goodbye.
Passage 2 (2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to “air condition”a house without 4 (use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day： 7 the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As 9 (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
Passage 4 (2015·湖南)
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, 1 you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you don't have to go to 2 library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet 3 print the copies needed.Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is, you 4 always rely just on the Internet for your research.
While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become 5 complex. There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed 6 the amount of information. You need to learn 7 to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, 8 need to check the accuracy of it.
Passage 5 (2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 1 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days 4 even a few months.It took years of work 5 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are 8 (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 10 (patience).
Passage 6 (2014·广东)
Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，we were ready.
After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 2 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We 3 (tell)that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week， 4 for the week after.I didn't understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation.What's worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was 7 (surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren't charged extra.
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little 10 (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
Passage 9 (2013·广东)
One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he 1 (find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much 2 too little.”
His son looked surprised.“I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much，Father，but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money？”
“That would be a very 4 (reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.
Nick's guests, 5 had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn't 8 (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always 10 (think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.”
Passage 10 (2011·广东)
One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had an appointment 1 (late) that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 2 the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man 3 (sit) at the front.He 4 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be 5 (mental) disabled.
Behind him were other people to 6 he was trying to talk，but after some minutes 7 walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.
I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him 8 his own either.
After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had 9 amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I'm glad I made the choice.It made 10 of us feel good.
<11)
TOEFL，short for Test of English as a Foreign Language，is a standardized test of English．The TOEFL test is an important step of your journey 61(study)in an English-speaking country．
The TOEFL test 62(measure)your ability to use and understand at the university level．And it evaluates 63 well you combine your listening，reading，speaking and writing 64 (skill)to perform academic tasks．
More than 30 million people from all over the world have taken the TOEFL test to show 65 English-language competence．The TOEFL test has 66 (many)test dates and locations than any other English-language test in the world．You can retake the test many times as you wish，67 you cannot take it more than once in a 12-day period．
The TOEFL test is the most 68 (wide)respected English-1anguage test in the world，69 (organize)by more than 9,000 colleges，universities and agencies in more than 130 countries， 70 (include)Australia，Canada，the U．K．and the United States．Wherever you want to study，the TOEFL test can help you get there．
<12>
Malls are popular places for Americans 61 (go). Some people spend so much time at malls 62 they are called “mall rats”. Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.
People like malls 63 many reasons. They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is 64 (usual) free, and the atmosphere inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green 65 (tree).
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. 66 has 350 store, right night clubs and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people stop every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States 67 (build) in 1965 in Edina, Minnnesota. Now people shop in malls, of course. They also eat in food houses, 68 have food from all over the world. They see movies here. Some people even get their daily exercise by 69 (do) the new sport of mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In 70 word, now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center.
(13)
I was raised in New York City where it’s very cold every winter. In the sixth grade, a teacher 61 (offer) to bring some students to a homeless shelter after school. I went with my friends and the teacher for several weeks, but when they stopped 62 (go) together I continued to volunteer. Because I was good 63 sewing, I was told to help out with the sewing kit 64 any guests needed some repairs. Throughout high school I continued to come each week after school, setting up my sewing kit 65 grew larger and larger. I got to know the guests came 66 (regular) .
Later on, I started a sewing club with my friend and we taught 67 (we) fellow students how to sew. We made heart-shaped pillows for sick 68 (child) and the elderly. Every time it rained I would think about the umbrellas 69 (sew) before. In the future I hope to continue helping others as much as I can. It is 70 most important thing I have ever done.
(15)
Wise Man
Ten people were going from one village to another. On the way they had to cross a river. After crossing they_61 (want) to be sure all were there. Each one started counting but counted only nine. They were very upset and began to cry for the 62 _ (lose) of the tenth.
A wise man came along and asked them,"Oh,my dear friends,why are you crying?”‘‘We were ten but now we are only nine, "
they replied , and cried even 63 (hard).
64 _wise man saw they were ten, so he asked them to count. Each counted nine but left out 65 _ (him). Then the wise man made them stand and count, and he said to the last person, "You are the tenth ! " They cheered for 66 _ (regain) the tenth at last.
Similarly the four inner 67 ___(thing)----mind, intelligence, memory, personality-----all mourn (哀悼)68 __they lose sight of the self. Then you show that they are four all the time!
Count,but never stop until you find the tenth. The joy is 69 finding the Ever Present. With the knowledge of the self inside,everything is 70 (true) joyful.
16.【2016·全国新课标I】
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 学科&网
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
17.【2016·全国新课标II】
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
18.【2016·全国新课标III】
In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
19.【2016·上海】(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.[来源:学科网]
20.【2016·四川】
The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]
【语篇导读】 作者上了公交车后，发现一个患有精神病的人。作者会怎样做呢？
1.解析 later在此表示“随后”。
答案 later
2.解析 until表示“直到”，即朋友们陪着我一直等到车到站。
答案 until
3.解析 分析句子结构可知，这里应该用sit的现在分词sitting作宾语补足语。
答案 sitting
4.解析 根据全文内容可知，这是描述过去的事情，因此要用一般过去时。
答案 pretended
5.解析 mentally是mental的副词形式，用来修饰形容词disabled。
答案 mentally
6.解析 whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词other people。
答案 whom
7.解析 根据前半句话中的he可知，这里应该用he作主语。
答案 he
8.解析 leave sb on one's own意思是“让某人单独留下”。
答案 on
9.解析 conversation是可数名词，其前的形容词amazing是以元音音素开头的，因此这里要用不定冠词an。
答案 an
10.解析 根据文章内容可知，这里填both符合语境。这让我们两个人都很快乐。
答案 both
Passage 2【语篇导读】 相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。
1.解析 考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。
答案 built
2.解析 考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。
答案 the
3.解析 考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。
答案 ability
4.解析 考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。
答案 using
5.解析 考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。
答案 slowly
6.解析 考查固定句式的用法。“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。
答案 to cool
7.解析 考查固定短语的用法。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。
答案 at
8.解析 考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。
答案 goes
9.解析 考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。
答案 natural
10.解析 考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。
答案 how
Passage 4【语篇导读】 随着电脑和因特网的出现，研究变得既简单又复杂。一方面，我们不必像以往一样在书中搜索资料，这为我们提供了极大的方便；另一方面，网络中众多的资料良莠不齐，选择准确的信息使我们的工作变得愈加复杂。
1.解析 考查状语从句。根据句意，如果你有了电脑，你可以通过上网获得所需的信息。
答案 if
2.解析 考查冠词。go to the library去图书馆；in the library 在图书馆。
答案 the
3.解析 考查连词。and 连接并列谓语find和print。
答案 and
4.解析 考查情态动词。根据上文你应该(should)查阅不同的资料。
答案 shouldn't
5.解析 考查形容词比较级。参见上文第一句more complex。
答案 more
6.解析 考查介词。be overwhelmed with 面临，陷入。
答案 with
7.解析 考查疑问词。根据句意，你需要学习如何分类并找到特定任务的相关信息。how to do 是含有疑问词的不定式，在此处作宾语。
答案 how
8.解析 考查代词。参见上文You need to learn how to sort throug...
答案 you
Passage 5 1.解析 文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。
答案 was
2.解析 修饰动词caught，用副词actually“实际上”。
答案 actually
3.解析 most outstanding是最高级，前面需要加the。
答案 the
4.解析 河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。
答案 or
5.解析 这里考查固定句型：It takes some time to do sth“做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce。
答案 to reduce
6.解析 根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。
答案 cleaner
7.解析 habit是先行词，故用that/which引导定语从句。
答案 that/which
8.解析 是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories，而amazed指“人感到吃惊的”，用来修饰人。
答案 amazing
9.解析 根据句子的谓语“are”可知主语应为复数。
答案 changes
10.解析 根据空格前系动词“be”可知这里应为形容词。
答案 patient
Passage 6 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。
1.解析 在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。
答案 it
2.解析 在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早的做的事，所以用比较级。
答案 earlier
3.解析 由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案 were told
4.解析 根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not...but...结构。
答案 but
5.解析 意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。
答案 why
6.解析 charge...for...是习惯搭配。
答案 for
7.解析 因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。
答案 surprisingly
8.解析 特指“在顶楼”。
答案 the
9.解析 先行词是地点the beach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (＝on which ＝and on the beach ＝and there)。
答案 where
10.解析 在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是burnt或burned。
答案 sunburnt/sunburned
Passage 9 【语篇导读】 本文通过Nick叫儿子去买盐要给合理价格的故事说明，一定要公平对待他人，尊重努力工作的人的汗水和努力。
1.解析 动词时态。在主格人称代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境可知用一般过去时。
答案 found
2.解析 并列连词。nor构成并列连词neither...nor。
答案 nor
3.解析 连接副词。why not do sth (何不做某事)？是固定句式。
答案 why
4.解析 词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。
答案 reasonable
5.解析 非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是人，故填who。
答案 who
6.解析 介词。因名词a low price在句中不作主语、动词的宾语，应为介词的宾语；根据习惯搭配，用介词at。
答案 at
7.解析 介词。show respect for表示尊重。
答案 for
8.解析 副词。修饰谓语动词作状语，用副词。
答案 possibly
9.解析 不定冠词。a small amount of(少量的)是固定搭配。
答案 a
10.解析 非谓语动词。因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
答案 thinking
语法填空答题技巧参考答案：
1. it 2. his 3. as 4.and 5. who 6. but 7. it 8. it 9. it 10.
Only 11. that 12. than 13. will give 14. closed 15. were taken 16. results in 17. celebrated 18. to memorize 19. Speaking 20. To complete 21. saying 22. followed 23. uncomfortable 24. equipment 25. contributions 26. silent 27. interested 28. closely 29. Fortunately 30. useless 31. unnecessary 32. harder 33. worse 34. higher
语法填空参考答案：
1. that 2. because 3. in 4. us 5. partly 6. more difficulty 7. but 8. of 9. promised 10. to have
（7）
badly hitting himself the managed which boilded through safety birds
(8)
Have read something As best reasonable subjects told what our contacting
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the
65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。
66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。
67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。
68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。
69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。
【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。
70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。
考点：语法填空
【归纳总结】
语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。
如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。
解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确）
2.了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
41.greater 考查比较级。本空所填之词和比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。
42.achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。
47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
48.a 考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会；本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。
49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。
50.make 考查祈使句。本句中动词短语make sure放在句首，构成祈使句。句意：要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，?有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,?im-，il-,?ir-，in-,?non-,?dis-等，在词根后加-less等。?
考点：考查语法填空
【答案】
41.and42.be made43.to create[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]44.using45.as/when46.gradually47.who48.development49.were50.with
46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
47.who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
48.development考查词性转换。the＋名词＋of，意为“……的……”，这里指“筷子的发展”，故填development。
49.were考查时态。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。
50.with考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with。
考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句
【名师点睛】
语法填空的解题技巧
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：
1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧
首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。
2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。
3. 词汇转换题解题技巧
这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。
【答案】
33.?has?been?regarded??34.?that??35.?better?? 36.?a?? 37.?you?? 38.?annoyed?? 39.?control??40.?to?get
36.?a? 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
37.?you??考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。
38.?annoyed??考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
39.?control?考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
?40.?to?get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。
【名师点睛】
本文考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：
强调句型：“It?is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：??
It?was?on?Monday?night?that?all?this?happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。??
It’s?me?that?he?blamed．他怪的是我。??
强调句型最重要的句型是：?It?is?(was)?＋?被强调部分＋?that／?who?＋?句子的其它成份?。
英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：??
It?is?they?who?／that?will?have?a?meeting?tomorrow．?(强调主语)?
It?is?a?meeting?that?they?will?have?tomorrow．?(强调宾语)
?It?is?tomorrow?that?they?will?have?a?meeting．?(强调时间状语)??
应注意的要点:?
1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it?本身没有词义。?
2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that?，而不能用when?或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如：?It?was?in?the?park?that?he?met?an?old?friend?yesterday．?(虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)?
3．强调句子的主语时，that?或who?之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：??
It?is?Mary?and?Tom?who?often?do?good?deeds．?
4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。
即It?is?．．．?that／who．．．和It?was?．．．that／who．．．。
如：??It?was?the?way?he?asked?that?really?upset?me．??
5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It?is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。
如：??It?was?in?today's?newspaper?that?we?found?the?news．?
去掉It?was?．．．that?之后，句子可以整理为:We?found?the?news?in?today's?newspaper．?
这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。??
常见考法:?
1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：??
It?was?for?this?reason?that?he?left?that?school．??
It?was?in?this?way?that?he?solved?the?problem．??
2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：??
It?was?only?when?I?reread?his?poems?that?I?began?to?appreciate?their?beauty．?
3．用?not?until?复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：??[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]
It?was?not?until?she?took?off?her?dark?glasses?that?I?realized?she?was?a?film?star．?
It?was?not?until?1920?that?regular?radio?broadcasts?began．?
4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：??
It?was?on?July?7th?1975?when?he?was?born?that?his?father?died．??
5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：?
Was?it?during?the?Second?World?War?that?he?died？?
When?was?it?that?the?sports?meeting?began？
?It?was?not?Tom?that?stole?the?book．?
Wasn't?it?he?that?had?made?a?mistake？?
6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用?is?或?was外?，还可以在其前面加上?may?／?might?／must?等表示推测的情态动词。
如：?It?might?be?him?that?you?met?yesterday．
考点：考查语法填空
【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies
46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and
43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。
45.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能吸引自然界的敌人。自然界的敌人不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。
46.When/If 句意：如果或当它哭的时候，她会前后摇动。故填When/If。
47.for 句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。
48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。
49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。
50.and 句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。
考点：考查语法填空