必修1 Unit 5 高考试卷分块专练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Bessie Coleman
Born in Texas, Coleman moved to Chicago to find a job, but she became interested in the stories she heard from pilots returning from World War Ⅰ.However, her race (种族) and her gender (性别) kept her out of flight schools in the U．S., so she made her way to France where she could learn flying.When she returned to Chicago, Coleman had difficulty finding jobs, so she chose to be a stunt (特技) pilot.She was the first black female pilot in the U．S.and was an inspiration to early pilots and to African Americans and Native Americans.
Bessica Raiche
Bessica Raiche drove a car, shot guns and practiced medicine.Besides, she was an accomplished artist and musician.But on Oct.13, 1910, Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself.Raiche's aviation career (航空职业) was short, as she moved to Southern California to focus on her career in medicine, later becoming president of the Orange County Medical Association.
Willa Brown
Willa Brown was the first African American woman to earn both a pilot's license (1938) and a commercial license (1939)．As a former schoolteacher and social worker, Brown set up the Coffey School of Aeronautics at Chicago's Harlem Airport, which later became the first government-approved aviation training school for African Americans.
Peggy Whitson
At 57, Peggy Whitson was the world's oldest spacewoman.She has spent 500 days off Earth — more than any other woman, and in 2008, she became the first female commander of the International Space Station (ISS)．She made her eighth space walk on March 30, 2017 and she beat the current record for women of 50 hours and 40 minutes of total spacewalking time.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四位女性飞行员。
1．Why did Bessie Coleman move to France?
A．To acquire stunt skills.
B．To find a well-paid job.
C．To take part in World War Ⅰ.
D．To achieve her flying dream.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段的“her race (种族) and her gender (性别) kept her out of flight schools in the U．S., so she made her way to France where she could learn flying”可知，Bessie Coleman到法国是想实现自己成为飞行员的梦想。
2．Who made a contribution to aviation education?
A．Bessie Coleman. B．Bessica Raiche.
C．Willa Brown. D．Peggy Whitson.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句可知，Willa Brown创办了第一所政府支持的非裔美国人飞行训练学校。
3．What can we know about Peggy Whitson?
A．She enjoyed her journey in space.
B．She set some surprising records.
C．She devoted herself to building the ISS.
D．She set other black women an example.
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，宇航员Peggy Whitson创造了几项世界纪录。
4．Which of the following do the four share?
A．They are outstanding women pilots.
B．They suffered discrimination at work.
C．They never received good education.
D．They have shown great creativity.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句、第二段的“Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself”以及第三段和第四段的内容可推知，这四位都是杰出的女飞行员。
B
Krubera Cave in the western Caucasus Mountains is the deepest known cave in the world. An international team prepared to descend into Krubera. The team members hoped to be the first cavers to reach a depth of 2,000 meters, brought five tons of equipment and other necessities with them, and established camps at key locations along the route. They worked for up to 20 hours each day.
In the third week, progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump — a cave passage filled with water that gives cavers few options. There are basically three techniques available: dive through it, empty it, or go around it. Gennadiy Samokhin dove to the bottom but was disappointed. “No chance to get through，” he said. Searching for a way around the sump, Garcia Dils risked entering a waterfall of near freezing water and discovered that his dry suit had holes in it. “The water was so cold I lost the feeling in my fingers，” he said later. He, too, was unsuccessful.
Finally, two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream. The team was exhilarated. The passage led to yet another sump at 1,840 meters. After a short test dive, Samokhin emerged, smiling. There was a promising passage, he reported. But it would have to wait. After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.
Four weeks later, a team of nine Ukrainian cavers led by Yuri Kasjan went back to Krubera. Following the path opened by the previous team, they reached the sump at 1,840 meters relatively quickly. After much searching, a pit (坑), later named the Millennium Pit, was discovered that allowed them to pass the 2,000 meter depth. More pits and passages led them to 2,080 meters, a spot they named Game Over. But the caving game is never over. Deeper caves will probably continue to be discovered and call out to be explored.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程。
5．Why did the team return to the surface after nearly four weeks?
A．They were lacking in supplies.
B．They had achieved their goal.
C．They couldn't go through the sump.
D．They gave their task to Yuri Kasjan's team.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探察洞穴者才被迫返回地面。
6．What does the underlined word “exhilarated” probably mean?
A．Cheerful. B．Powerful.
C．Confused. D．Exhausted.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream”可知，两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道，所以他们很高兴，故选A。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The features of Krubera Cave.
B．Famous caves around the world.
C．A journey of exploring Krubera Cave.
D．The importance of exploring Krubera Cave.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程，故选C。
C
We have slow food, slow travel, even slow journalism.The slow food movement reminds us of the value of locally produced, seasonal foods, just as slow travel brings us back to local traditions we miss as we fly off in search of peak experiences.In a 24-hour news era, slow journalism avoids the demands of the breaking story, revisiting and reflecting on old news.In almost every area of life, we are turning towards a world, where time is not a luxury (奢侈品) but a resting place and slowness is almost a necessity.
But that doesn't happen in schools.Courses are forced into short half terms.From the moment we go through school gates to the time we get out again a few short hours later, there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out.We don't give students the time they need to read and they turn to second-rate substitutes instead.Why read Plato when you can read a book about Plato? The answer is that what Plato wrote is much more interesting, dramatic and enjoyable than any of the thousands of books that have been written about him.
I once met a friend, a published poet.“How's the poetry going？” I asked.“It's been a good week，” he replied.“I wrote three lines.” Would we accept that rate of return from our students?
Slow teaching means giving students time to read and think.How often do we demand immediate answers to our questions? Silence is more often uncomfortable than golden in the classroom.Slow teaching also means resisting the temptation (诱惑) to finish every discussion and bring thinking to an end.Slow teaching encourages us to work for as long as the topic demands, Additionally, slow teaching means giving students time to explore the natural world and scientific concepts and time to go outside the curriculum and further explore it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在其他行业，人们似乎已经接受了慢节奏的生活方式，但在教育领域，慢节奏的教学仍遥不可及。
8．What is suggested in the first paragraph?
A．People find it a luxury to enjoy time.
B．Being slow is becoming a movement.
C．Slowness is a recognized culture now.
D．It is difficult for people to slow down.
解析：选C 推理判断题。结合第一段提到的慢饮食、慢旅行和慢新闻以及它们带来的好处可推知，慢节奏的活动已成为人们认可的一种文化。
9．What can we know about students' present situation?
A．They live in a fast-paced world.
B．They are more silent than active.
C．They mainly focus on reflecting.
D．They lack good reading materials.
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段的“there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out. We don't give students the time they need to read”，第三段的最后一句和最后一段可知，学校课程紧张，学生学习忙碌，甚至没有足够的时间思考、阅读、探索，即学生们处于一个快节奏的世界。
10．How can students benefit from slow teaching?
A．They needn't have a long teaching period.
B．They can bring an end to every discussion.
C．They have enough time to think and learn.
D．They needn't answer every question in class.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知，通过慢教学，学生可以有足够的时间进行阅读、思考、探索和学习等。
11．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Should school curriculums be changed?
B．It's time for a slow teaching revolution
C．The way we read should be changed
D．Is a speed-driven world out of date?
解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文主要表达了作者的一种主张，即slow teaching：减慢教学速度，给学生充分阅读、思考和探索的时间。
D
Stephen Hawking Warns Humans
Must Leave Earth Soon
Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.
Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”
Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．
According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学) and cosmology (宇宙学)．”
Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”
The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.
语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。
12．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?
A．To send people to Mars.
B．To build a lunar base.
C．To send astronauts to the Moon.
D．To change the future of humanity.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。
13．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．
A．speeded up B．stored
C．used up D．explored
解析：选C 词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。
14．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?
A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
解析：选A 观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。
15．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.
A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger
B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet
C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people
D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Some people choose to live in a flat sharing with others.Others can't imagine leaving their perfect flats to live with lots of other people.
If you live alone, you're responsible for your own space.If you need your quiet space, you're guaranteed to have it.__1__ And you can catch up with work without being interrupted or have a long and undisturbed bath.
However, there's no one around if you need a helping hand.If something gets broken, you'll have to fix it yourself.__2__ You don't have friends at home to invite you out and help you meet people.There's no one at home to have a cup of tea with and talk about how your day was.
__3__ Sometimes when you get home, the cake your colleague gave you as a thank-you present is mysteriously gone.Whenever you want a relaxing bath, there's no hot water left and someone wants to come in every five minutes.It's also rarely quiet.Someone always seems to have a birthday party when you want to go to bed early.
But in spite of all that, there can be some wonderful moments, like waking up to the sound of the hoover (吸尘器)．__4__ And when you come home after a long day, you find your housemates making pizza with leftover vegetables while you watch a film.__5__
So, what's your choice?
A．You can be alone quite a lot.
B．That's when it all seems worth it.
C．You don't have to share the sofa with anyone.
D．Living alone has become more popular in recent years.
E．It's not all good when you live with other people, though.
F．You will realize how important your friends and family are.
G．You will realize someone else is doing the cleaning for a change.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了独自生活以及与别人合住的优缺点。
1．选C 本空承接上文，是对上一句“If you need your quiet space, you're guaranteed to have it.”的举例：如果你需要安静的空间，你肯定会拥有它。你不需要和别人分享沙发。
2．选A 本空后两句是对这一处内容的具体说明：你不会收到舍友的外出邀请，也没有人和你在家里边喝茶边聊天；由此可推知，本空是指你会经常感到孤独。
3．选E 根据下文内容可知，本段谈论了和别人住在一起也并不总是那么美好。
4．选G 本空承接上一句中提到的那些美妙时刻中的一种情况：在吸尘器的声音中醒来，你会意识到有人正在打扫房间。
5．选B 本空是对最后一段内容的概括：这些美妙的时刻会使你感到做出和别人住在一起这个选择是值得的。
课件88张PPT。Unit5 Nelson Mandela---a modern hero必修一知识清单 1. ________ adj. 慷慨的; 大方的
2. ________ n. 舞台; 阶段; 时期
3. ________ vt.& vi. 投票; 选举
n. 投票; 选票; 表决
4. _______ vt. 进攻; 攻击; 抨击
5. _______ vi. 逃脱; 逃走; 泄露generousvoteattackescapestage（一）基本单词单词6. __________ n. 原则；原理；信念
7. __________ n. 人类
8. __________ n. 费用；酬金
9. __________ adj. 有希望的
10. _________ n. 社团；联盟 v.（使）结盟
11. _________ n. 毛毯；覆盖物 vt. 覆盖
12. _________ v. 乞求；恳求principlemankindfeehopefulleagueblanketbeg13. _________ n. 亲戚 adj. 相关的
14. _________ n. 恐怖；惊骇
15. _________ vt. 宣判；判决
16. _________ n. 总统；总裁；校长
17. _________ n. 反对者 adj. 反对的
prep. 反对relativeterrorsentencepresidentanti-1. _________ n. 质量; 品质; 性质
_________ n. 数量; 量
2. _________ adj. 积极的; 活跃的
_________ adv. 积极地; 活跃地
_________ n. 活动
3. _________ adj. 和平的; 平静的; 安宁的
_________ adv. 和平地; 平静地; 安宁地
_________ n. 和平; 平静; 和睦qualityquantityactiveactivelyactivitypeacefulpeacefullypeace（二）派生单词4. ________ adj. 法律的; 依照法律的
________ (反义词) 非法的; 违法的
5. ________ adj. 相等的; 平等的
________ n. 平等; 相等
________ adv. 同样地; 相等地; 公平地
6. ________ n. 暴力；暴行
________ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的legalillegalequalequalityequallyviolenceviolent7. _________ vt. 教育; 训练
_________ adj. 受过教育的; 有教养的
_________ n. 教育
_________ n. 教育工作者; 教育家
8. _________ n. 报酬; 奖金 vt. 酬劳; 奖赏
_________ adj. 值得的; 有益的;
9. _________ v. 意思是；打算；意味
adj. 刻薄的；卑鄙的；
________ n. 意思；意义educateeducatededucationeducatorrewardrewardingmeanmeaning10. ________ n. 自己；本性；
pron. ……自己
________ adj. 自私的
________ adj. 无私的
________ adv. 无私地
11. ________ vt. 致力于；奉献给
________ adj. 投入的；全心全意的
12. ________ v. 建立；创立；创办； selfselfishselflessselflesslydevotedevotedfound13. __________ n. 共和国；共和政体
________________________
中华人民共和国
14. __________ n. 律师
__________ n. 法律
15. __________ n. 指导；引导；导航
__________ n. 向导；指南；
v. 指导；引导republicPeople’s Republic of Chinalawyerlawguidanceguide16. _________ n. 青年
_________ n. 青少年
_________ n. 成年人
17. _________ adj. 愿意的
_________ 不愿意的
_________ n. 意愿；遗嘱
18. _________ adj. 不公平的
_________ adj. 公平的
19. _________ n. 残酷
_________ adj. 残忍的youthteenageradultwillingunwillingwillunfair faircrueltycruel1. 失业
2. 事实上
3. 使充气; 爆炸
4. 在危险 /麻烦等处境中
5. 求助于; 致力于out of workas a matter of factblow upin troubleturn to短语6. 丧失勇气或信心
7. 当权; 上台
8. 设立; 建立
9. 被判处……(徒刑)
10. 愿意做某事lose heartcome to powerset upbe sentenced tobe willing to do核心要点1. vote vt.& vi. 投票; 选举
n. 投票; 表决
【教材原句】
Black people could not vote or choose their
leaders.
黑人没有选举权, 他们无权选择他们的领导人。单词【归纳】
vote for 投票赞成
vote against 投票反对
vote on 投票表决
vote to do sth. 倡议/建议做某事
vote that... 提议/建议……完成句子。
1) The low-income people ______________ (投票反对) increasing the personal income tax, thinking that it would make them poorer.
2) Now that we can’t agree with each other, we’ll have to __________ (投票表决)．voted againstvote on it2. devote vt. 献身; 专心于……
【教材原句】
A great person is someone who devotes
his/her life to helping others.
伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。【归纳】
devote oneself to sth. /doing sth.
致力于……
devote one’s life/time/money/energy to sth. /doing sth.
把某人的一生/ 时间/ 金钱/ 精力奉献于……
devoted adj. 忠实的; 深爱的
be devoted to sth./ doing sth.专心于……
devotion n. 关爱; 关照; 奉献; 忠诚完成句子。
10年来奈雅德一直致力于成为一名世界最好的长距离游泳运动员。
For ten years Nyad devoted herself ___________ one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers.to becoming 3. equal v. 等于; 抵得上
adj. 相等的; 胜任的
n. 同等的人; 相等物
【教材原句】
But I was happy to help because I knew it
would help us achieve our dream of
making black and white people equal.
但是, 我乐于帮忙, 因为我知道, 这会帮助
我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。【归纳】
be equal to＋n. /doing sth.
等于; 与……相等; 有……的能力; 胜任
A equals B in ...
A在……方面比得上B
be equal with 与……平等
be equal in sth. 在某方面相等
be without equal/ have no equal
无与伦比4. escape v. & n. 逃脱; 逃生; 泄露
【教材原句】
It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。
【归纳】
escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱, 逃避
escape one’s attention/notice
逃过某人的注意narrow/near escape 九死一生
cut off the escape 截断退路
make one’s escape 逃跑
escape danger 避免危险 5. reward n.& v. 报答;报酬;奖赏
【教材原句】
They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说, 从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷, 是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。【归纳】
as a reward for
作为 (对某事的)报酬 /奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.
为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for 为酬谢……; 作为奖励
reward sb. with sth. for sth.
为某事而用……酬谢某人
reward for (v. + prep.)
由于……而给予报酬reward award
reward n. 报酬；奖金
v. 多指因对方的工作/服务/帮助而
给予的报酬或奖赏
reward sb. for (doing) sth.
award n. 奖品, 奖金，与prize相似。
v. 授予/颁发
award sb. sth.= award sth. to sb.Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was_____ with a magnificent view.
A. awarded B. admired
C. rewarded D. appreciated解析: 动词辨析。到达泰山顶部的每个人都能看到壮丽的景观。reward奖赏;奖励，对某人工作或服务的报答,符合语境。award因……而授予某人,指正式或官方颁发/授予; admire钦佩; 赞美; appreciate感激; 欣赏。6. opinion n. 看法; 意见; 见解
【归纳】
express one’s opinion
表达自己的意见
in one’s opinion
依照某人的看法
have a bad/ low opinion of
认为……不好; 瞧不起
have a good/high/opinion of
对……评价好What’s your opinion of...?
你对……有什么看法？
It is my opinion that...
我主张……1. out of work 失业
【教材原句】
… I worried about whether I would become out of work.
我很担心我是不是会失业。
【拓展】
out of order 发生故障; 次序颠倒
out of control 失去控制短语out of danger 脱离危险
out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of style/date 过时
out of question 毫无疑问
out of sight 看不见
out of place 不合适的; 不相称的
out of pity/ kindness 出于怜悯/善意
?out?of?date 过时了out of the question 不可能; 根本谈不上
out of turn 不按次序
out of this world 出色的;了不起的
out of touch 失去联系??2. in trouble 处于困难或麻烦中
【教材原句】
Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
伊莱亚斯身处困境时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。
【拓展】
get into trouble 陷入困境
take the trouble to do sth.
费心做某事/不辞劳苦地做某事have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.
麻烦某人做某事
be a trouble to sb.
对某人是个麻烦含in的常用短语：
in advance 提前
in cash 用现金
in common 共同的，共有的
in danger 在危险中
in debt 欠债
in general 一般来说
in need 在困难中，在危急中in order 有秩序
in particular 尤其，特别
in public 公开地
in practice 实际上，在实践中
in relief 如释重负，松了口气
in short 简言之，总之
in theory 从理论上来说
in total 总共
in turn 依次3. turn to 求助于; 依赖; 翻到; 查阅
【教材原句】
Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?
为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉通过暴力手段实现黑人和白人的平等?【拓展】
turn back 折回; 掉转头
turn up 调大; 出现
turn down 调小; 拒绝
turn into 变成
turn on 打开（开关等）
turn off 关闭 (开关等)
turn over 打翻; 翻身; 移交
turn out 证明是; 结果是完成句子。
他拒绝了我的建议, 把生意移交给了他女儿。
He _____________ my suggestion and ____________ the business to his daughter.turned downturned over4. come to / into power 上台; 掌权
【教材原句】
I did not work again for twenty years
until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to
power in 1994.
在曼德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前, 我有20年没有再工作。
【拓展】
be in power 当权; 执政
come into power 上台; 执政; 当权
do all /everything in one’s power to do sth.
竭尽所能做某事
in one’s power 在某人能力以内
out of / beyond one’s power 超出某人能力
break power 削弱势力1. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
直到那时,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
“only＋状语”置于句首引起的倒装句。副词only置于句首, 强调方式状语/条件状语/时间状语/地点状语时, 主句要用部分倒装（情态动词和助动词）。句式如果only＋状语从句置于句首, 且与主句之间无逗号隔开, 该状语从句不倒装,只有主句进行倒装。但only修饰主语时不倒装。
e.g. Only then did I realize the importance
of health.
到那时我才认识到健康的重要性。完成句子。
1) Only after being asked three times _________________________
(他才来参加会议)．
2) Only when ______________________ (他病得很重时, 他才) stay in bed.he is seriously ill does hedid he come to the meeting 翻译句子。
1) 只有在巴黎你才能买到那样的鞋。
2) 只在战争结束了他才能回到工作岗位。
Only in Paris can you buy shoes like that.Only when the war was over was he able to come back to his work.2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时, 我的心情很不好。
the first time用作连词, 用来引导时间状语从句, 第一次……
e.g. The first time I flew in a plane I was
really nervous.
我第一次乘飞机时确实很紧张。名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：
as soon as 一……就……
every time 每次/回……就……
each time 每当……时
next time 下次……时
any time (在)任何时间
the last time 最后一次……的时候
有时副词也可充当连词引导时间状语从句。如instantly，immediately，directly等，相当于as soon as。e.g. We hadn’t met for 20 years but I recognized him the moment I saw him.
我与他有20年没见面了, 可是我一见面就认出了他。
Each time we made mistakes in our homework, he would ask us to correct them.
每次我们作业中出错, 他总是要求我们改正。关系副词
关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语；
关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语。
关系副词when, where, why在意义上都相当于“介词+ which”结构。语法关系副词
介词 + which/whome.g. I will never forget the day when / on which I joined the Communist Youth League.
Is this the village where / in which the famous scientist was born?
Sarah didn’t give the reason why / for which she was late for school again.介词+ which / whom
介词 + which / whom引导的定语从句中， which用于指物，whom用于指人。
介词 + which / whom结构中介词的选择一般取决于先行词的习惯搭配或从句中的动词、形容词等的习惯搭配以及主从句的意义。e.g. I finished reading the book in which the 13-year-old boy describes his life.
The girl with whom you talked at the meeting is a college student.
The thing about which Mr. Johnson was not too sure was the young man’s honesty.介词 + which / whom引导的定语从句中，含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
e.g. Is this the book which you are looking
for?
The child whom the nurses are looking
after is very well now. 用正确的关系副词或介词 + 关系代词填
空。
1) That wasn’t the reason _____________ your brother lied to you.
2) We all remember the days ________ _____________ we studied together at school.why/ for whichduring whichwhen/3) The pen __________ I do my homework is a birthday present from my father.
4) Is this the car _________ you paid a high price?
5) This is the street ______________ Jack parks his car.with whichwhere / in whichfor which介绍名人，通常要对名人的生平、主要事迹和贡献进行介绍，使读者对其有一个较为清晰和全面的了解。
在介绍名人时，可以分三个部分来写作：
第一部分：总体介绍人物，包括其身份、出生年月及地点、成就等。如何介绍名人 写作第二部分：列举人物的主要经历，并选取典型事例说明其品质和个性，突出人物特征。注意：要有重点，分清主次，就名人突出的事迹或成就重点描写。
第三部分：对所介绍的名人的行为和事迹进行适当的评论。【常用表达】
1. 描述伟人的个人信息：
... was born into a rich / wealthy / poor ... family in China / Japan ... in 1878 ...
... grew up in a small / big ...?????
... be interested in ...????
... began to ... when he / she ...2. 描述伟人的经历、事迹或成就：
do research into this field, encourage sb. to do sth.,
give up one’s life for sth.,
have a talent for ...,
make up one’s mind to do sth.,
overcome many difficulties, receive/ get ..., make great achievements,
contribute ... to ..., devote oneself to ...,
be awarded the title of ...3. 对伟人的评价：
an inspiring leader, a model worker, be considered as, be famous / known as, make a great contribution to ...,
one of the most important persons in the past ... years,
set a good example for / to ...,
think / speak highly of ...你校英文报“Modern Heroes”?栏目向中学生征文。请根据提示信息，用英语写一篇短文，介绍美国著名宇航员尼尔·奥尔登·阿姆斯特朗（Neil?Alden?Armstrong）。
国籍：美国 出生日期：1930年8月5日
主要经历：1949-1952年任海军飞行员； 1966年第一次进入太空；1969年7月，乘阿波罗11号第一个登上月球。
名言：这是个人迈出的一小步，但却是人类迈出的一大步。???????注意：
1.?词数100左右；
2.?可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.?参考词汇：naval aviator?海军飞行员
_____________________________________第一段：开门见山，整体介绍尼尔·奥尔登·阿姆斯特朗的相关信息。
第二段：具体介绍其主要经历或事迹。
第三段：对其成就进行简短评论。【参考范文】
Neil?Alden?Armstrong, an American astronaut, born on August 5, 1930, was the first man to land on the moon.
Armstrong worked as a naval aviator from 1949 to 1952. In 1966 he had his first space flight. In July 1969, he joined the?Apollo 11?flight which was the first attempt to put men on the moon. After they landed, he was the first to go down the ladder and walk on the moon's surface.
He said, “That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”. He had made a great contribution to human's exploration of space.高考链接1. The?dictionary?is?______:?many?words?
have?been?added?to?the?language?since?
it?was?published.???（2016天津卷）
A.?out?of?control?????? B.?out?of?date?????
C.?out?of?sight?????? D.?out?of?reach??B2. Only?after?a?year?of?friendly?discussion??
______?Ms?Gaf?finally?say?yes.
(2016·全国Ⅰ) did3.?We?will?put?off?the?picnic?in?the?park?until?
next?week,?____?the?weather?may?be?
better.???（2016年天津卷） ?
A.?that??????B.?where?????C.?which??????D.?when
句意：我们将要把在公园的野餐推迟到下
周，那时天气会好点儿。这是一个非限定
性定语从句。先行词是next?week，从句主
系表成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句
子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是时间
状语。用when。D4. She?was?taking?the?food?to?the?refugee?
camp,?in?(27)______?she?distributed?it?
to?children.? （2016年上海卷）
非限定从中主谓宾成分完整，且先行词
是地点名词the?refugee?camp，应该用
where引导定从，此处in?which=where，
故用which。?which5. Many?young?people,?most?______were?
well-educated,?headed?for?remote?regions?
to?chase?their?dreams.? （2016年江苏卷）
A.?of?which? B.?of?them?
C.?of?whom? D.?of?those?
很多受过良好教育的年轻人都前往偏远地区追求梦想。这是一个定语从句。先行词是many?young?people，关系代词whom指代先行词，又做of的宾语。故选C。C 巩固练习I.?根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式。
1. Kate was ________ (攻击) by a fierce dog while walking home yesterday.
2. This company is more concerned with q________ than with quantity.
3. It is important that we should follow the ________ (原则) of seeking truth.?attacked??qualityprinciple?4.?Nancy?froze with t________ as the door opened silently at midnight.
5. Thank you for your donation. It was very g________ of you.
6. Don't worry. We'll take a________ steps to deal with the problem.
7. John became a citizen of that country, gaining the right to v________.terrorgenerous??active ???vote ??8. To my relief, David managed to e________ from that big fire.?
9. The police offered a(n) ________ (奖赏) for any information about the robbery.
10. A military court s________ him to death in his absence.escapereward ?sentencedII.?用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Psychologists studied the dreams of children who had seen ________ (violence) television programs.
2. These women are demanding fairness and ________ (equal) in their pay.
3. The baby looks so ________ (peace) when he's sleeping.
4. If some athletes use drugs, it is ________ (fair) to the others.violentequality???peaceful???unfair5. We are proud of our achievements and ________ (hope) for the future.
6. Under our teacher's ________ (guide), we finished the work smoothly.
7. She was shocked by the ________ (cruel) of his words.
8. I'm happy to join in the protest — but I don't want to do anything ________ (legal).hopeful ?guidance?crueltyillegalIII.?选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。
1. A committee has been ________ to organize social events in the college.
2. Don't worry. If you're in trouble, I ____________ give you a hand.as a matter of fact, be willing to,
blow up, set upset upam willing to?3. __________________, Jack was the one who broke the window. I didn't tell the truth yesterday.
4. There were thousands of passengers in the train when it ________.as a matter of fact, be willing to,
blow up, set upAs a matter of factblew upIV.?用适当的关系词填空。
1. A: The restaurant ____________ you
recommended was incredible!
B: Yes, I know. Its food is delicious.
2. A: My friend, ________ handbag was
stolen yesterday, is still very upset.
B: I would be, too.that / whichwhose ?? 3. A: What's the name of the girl _________________ you're meeting this afternoon?
B: Jenny Ellis. We used to go to school together.
4. A: My friend Julie lost her dog.
B: How terrible! Was that the new puppy _____________ we saw in her garden last week?whom / that / whothat / which ???5. A: Your jumper is great!
B: Thanks. I bought it at the shop ________ you got your jeans.
6. A: Do you remember the time ________ we tried to join the circus?
B: Of course! How can I ever forget?
7. A: Did Hector tell you the reason ________ he was so angry yesterday?
B: No, but I think it was something serious.wherewhenwhy阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Who should be considered a hero? Go into 1. _____ youth's room where often you'll see posters of their favorite pop and movie stars hanging from their walls. It's clear to see 2. ________ they think their heroes are. a ?who ?A friend of 3. ________ (I), once told me what happened when his father came to visit him while he was 4. _____ university. On the way out of his room, his father stopped and looked at all his posters of movie stars and pop stars on the wall. He remained 5. ________ (look) at them in silence for quite a while. mineatlooking ?Then he asked 6. ________ (quiet), “Why don't you put up a picture of me on your wall?” My friend didn't quite know what to say. “I've done 7. ________ (much) for you than they have,” he continued. “In my opinion, you should have a picture of me or your mother hanging up there instead of them.”quietlymore ?That brief conversation 8. ________ (change) the way he thought about heroes and from then on he said his heroes became his parents and relatives. They were the ones in his life who were selflessly 9. ________ (devote) to him; they were the ones who worked hard in order to pay for him 10. _______________ (educate); they were the ones he turned to for advice whenever he lost heart. They were always there for him.changeddevotedto be educated
