必修5 Unit 1 高考试卷分块专练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Crazy Festivals
Mike the Headless Chicken Festival
In 1945, farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner. However, the bird didn't die and lived another year and a half, making regular trips to the fair, where people paid a quarter to see the amazing headless bird.
Today, the spirit of Mike the Headless Chicken is celebrated with a two-day May festival in Fruita, Colorado, which includes live music, a golf tournament, and lots of delicious chicken.
Roswell UFO Festival
In the summer of 1947, a flying saucer (碟状物) crashed on a large farm outside the town of Roswell, New Mexico. The government says it didn't come from outer space, but many top UFO researchers believe it did.
Knowing a good thing when it crashes in their backyard, the citizens of Roswell celebrate the event every July with a three-day festival that features a costume contest, a parade and other activities. Be careful, though — that_odd_little_person_next_to_you_could_be_from_another _planet.
World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup
The rattlesnake, a poisonous American snake, serves an important fun_ction in nature by keeping small pests under control, but when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a three-day festival in association with the town's annual rattlesnake hunt.
Visitors can learn about rattlesnakes, take a bus tour of their natural habitat, participate in a rattlesnake eating contest and so on.
BugFest
Every September, the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh sponsors a daylong festival that focuses on something most people try to avoid: insects.
Visitors can hold bugs that are not native, cheer on racing insects and learn about beekeeping. But the highlight for many is Café Insecta, where bugs are the main ingredient in a variety of tasty dishes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个古怪的节日。
1．Lloyd Olsen cut off the chicken's head because ________.
A．his family wanted to eat it
B．he wanted to sell its meat at the fair
C．his family wanted to celebrate a headless chicken festival
D．he wanted to make money by showing a headless chicken
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一个节日介绍中的“farmer Lloyd Olsen attempted to cut off the head of Mike, a chicken, so his wife could cook it up for dinner”可知答案。
2．By writing the underlined part, the author wants to ________.
A．remind readers that aliens do exist
B．add an air of mystery to the festival
C．imply that he may attend the festival
D．describe the fun of the costume contest
解析：选B 句意理解题。根据文章对第二个节日的介绍可知，作者以客观的口吻介绍了这个外星人节日的来源及节日内容等，并未对外星人是否存在表明自己的观点。由此可推测，作者最后说“你旁边那个奇怪的矮人可能来自另一个星球”只是为了给这个节日增加些神秘气氛。
3．What's the purpose of the World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup?
A．To increase the local tourism.
B．To protect rattlesnakes' habitats.
C．To control the population of rattlesnakes.
D．To introduce the importance of rattlesnakes.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三个节日介绍中的“when their numbers grow too large, they can cause serious problems for farmers. That's why every March the residents of Sweetwater, Texas, host a three-day festival ...”可知答案。
4．Which of the following is the earliest festival of the year?
A．Mike the Headless Chicken Festival.
B．Roswell UFO Festival.
C．World's Largest Rattlesnake Roundup.
D．BugFest.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据四个节日的举办时间：五月、七月、三月和九月可知，C选项为一年中最早的节日。
B
Once a man needed a new pair of shoes. This man was very good at math. He knew that in order to get shoes that fit very well, it would be necessary to measure his foot size correctly.
So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper. Then before leaving the house, like a good mathematician, he rechecked his picture.
It was a very long way from the man's home to the market. It was past mid-day when the man arrived at the market. When the man reached the shoe stall, he realized that he had forgotten to bring his paper. He turned around and walked all the way back home to get it.
It was nearly sunset when the man returned to the market. There he found the market was closing. The shoemaker had packed up all of his shoes. “Foolish man，” the shoemaker said to the man when he was asked to unpack his goods to make a sale. “Why did you not just try on the shoes？”
The man hung his head shamefully, saying, “I guessed there was only one way to solve my problem. I should have checked with others for another solution that might have worked as well or better than my own.”
The above short story works well with school students and also teachers. Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一则短篇故事告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。
5．Before the man went to the market, he ________.
A．asked others for some advice
B．knew well about his foot size
C．measured his old shoes carefully
D．drew a pair of shoes on a piece of paper
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So, before he went to the market, he carefully measured his feet and drew a very detailed picture of his feet on a piece of paper.”可知，在去集市之前，那位男子仔细地测量了自己的脚的尺寸。
6．The shoemaker considered the man to be ________.
A．stupid B．strange
C．clever D．interesting
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中鞋匠说的“Foolish man”可知，鞋匠认为那位男子很愚蠢。
7．What does the author want to show by telling the story?
A．We should learn math very well.
B．It's necessary to ask for help at times.
C．We should think carefully before we act.
D．There is more than one way to solve a problem.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Don't try to solve a problem with a single point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.”可知，作者讲述这个故事是想告诉我们：一个问题往往不只有一种解决办法。
C
Anna Schiferl hadn't even got out of bed when she reached for her cellphone and typed a text to her mom, one recent Saturday. Mom was right downstairs in the kitchen. The text? Anna wanted an egg for breakfast. Soon after, Joanna Schiferl called, “If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me！” Anna laughs about it now. “I was kind of being lazy，” she admits.
These days, many people with cellphones prefr texting to a phone call. And that's creating a communication divide, of sorts — the talkers vs. the texters. Some would argue that it's no big deal. But many experts say the most successful communicators will, of course, have the competence to do both. And they fear that more of us are unable to have — or at least are avoiding — the traditional face-to-face conversations.
Many professors (教授) say it is not common to see students outside of class. “I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me, often late at night，” says Renee Houston, a professor at the University of Puget Sound in Washington state. “And they never call.”
As Anna sees it: “There are people you'll text, but won't call. It's just a way to stay in touch with each other.” Some believe that scores of texts each day keep people more connected. “The problem is that the conversation isn't very deep，” says Joseph Grenny, co-author of the book Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High.
“The problem has been there since we've had telephones — probably since the time of a telegraph (电报)，” Grenny says. Texting is just the latest way to do that. Though they may not always be so good at deep conversations themselves, Grenny suggests that parents model the behavior for their children and put down their own cellphones. He says that they also should set limits, as Anna's mom did when she made the “no texting to people in the same house” rule.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。专家表明，经常发短信可能会使人们在面对面交流时产生障碍。
8．According to Paragraph 1, Joanna ________.
A．was very strict with her daughter
B．did not know how to use a cellphone
C．was angry that her daughter got up late
D．did not have any breakfast that morning
解析：选A 推理判断题。由该段中的“If you want to talk to me, Anna, come downstairs and see me”可知，Joanna对她的女儿要求十分严格，故选A项。
9．The underlined word “competence” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．chance B．ability
C．courage D．patience
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由该段中的“the talkers vs. the texters”等相关信息可知，这里是说：大多数成功的交流者有能力把两者都做好，即：不但善于口头沟通也善于通过短信来交流，故选B项。
10．What do we know about Renee's students?
A．They often work late at night.
B．They often ask strange questions.
C．Few ask her questions face to face.
D．Many email her if she feels lonely.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段中的“I sit in my office hours lonely now because if my students have a question, they email me”可知，Renee的学生很少当面向她请教问题，故选C项。
11．In Joseph Grenny's opinion, ________.
A．cellphones make people lonelier
B．telephones help people communicate clearly
C．texting helps people have deeper conversations
D．talking should be encouraged instead of texting
解析：选D 细节理解题。由最后两段中的“the conversation isn't very deep”和“parents ...put down their own cellphones”以及“they also should set limits”等信息可知，Joseph Grenny认为父母应该放下手机给孩子做个榜样，多一些面对面的交流而非发短信，故选D项。
D
Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to “build a bridge” with things you know about, and then “bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.”
Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question: What if I went through a wormhole and prevented my parents from meeting? “Most of us believe that the universe makes sense，” Greene said. “Although there are several interesting theories about time travel，” he added, “the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve.”
When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, “make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math.”
When I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. “The basic stuff is important，” Greene said. “But I think it's really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details.”
Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is “not just a matter of solving problems in an exam.” It's about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象) — and having fun!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。物理学家Brian Greene希望更多的孩子将会对现代物理学感兴趣。
12．A million-dollar question in Paragraph 2 is probably very ________.
A．direct B．difficult
C．personal D．long
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。
13．The books by Weinberg and Susskind ________.
A．are boring to read
B．are mainly about math
C．are popular science books
D．are only popular among kids
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“...books by ...make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but aren't yet ready, perhaps, to learn math”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于流行的科普读物。
14．According to Paragraph 4, which of the following does Greene agree with?
A．Modern physics is a boring subject.
B．Interest plays an important role in studying.
C．It is not necessary to learn all about physics.
D．It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时，Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事，并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象，如果孩子们知道了这些，他们就愿意了解更多详细的内容。因此他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。
15．In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that ________.
A．kids can love science and physics
B．kids can do well in physics exams
C．kids can have fun with experiments
D．kids can find more strange things in life
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Greene has followed Albert Einstein's lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Al-Azhar University
Going to a university is an important part of a person's life. Today, many people go to a university to study and train for a future job in subjects like law, medicine, or education. __1__ An important one started in Egypt over one thousand years ago.
The world's oldest surviving university, Al-Azhar, is in Cairo, Egypt. It was first built as a mosque (清真寺) in A．D. 972. A few years later, learners and teachers began meeting in the mosque. They read and talked about the subjects of religion (宗教) and law. __2__ Leaders in the city of Cairo decided to create a school for higher learning and soon after that, Al-Azhar University was started.
__3__ For these teachers at Al-Azhar, they needed to think about what courses to teach and how to teach them. The earliest courses were in law and religion. In a course, students read and studied with the teacher, but there was also free discussion. Often, students and teachers had interesting discussions, and there was no “correct” answer. In the years that followed, the new university interested scholars (学者) from around the world. __4__ At Al-Azhar, people studied the past, but it was also a place for sharing new ideas.
Over a thousand years later, Al-Azhar is still an important university in the world. __5__ Today, many of the world's most important universities such as Oxford and Harvard still follow the same traditions as they do at Al-Azhar.
A．A university was a new idea at that time.
B．There are many reasons to study in Egypt.
C．They came here to teach and do research.
D．Around the year 988, a new decision was made.
E．However, the university is not a modern invention.
F．The cost of university education is increasing year by year.
G．Its library contains many of the world's oldest and most valuable books.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了世界上最古老的大学之一——爱资哈尔大学。
1．选E 由该空前的“Today”和空后的“An important one ...one thousand years ago.”可知，该空与上文是转折关系，又引出下文，E项内容符合此处语境。
2．选D 由该空前的“A.D. 972”， “A few years later”和空后的“Leaders ...decided to create a school”可知，此处应填D项。
3．选A 由该空后的“For these teachers at Al-Azhar, they needed to think about what courses to teach and how to teach them.”可知，由于当时大学还是一个新事物，所以老师需要考虑教什么课程、怎样教的问题，故选A项。
4．选C 由该空前的“the new university interested scholars (学者) from around the world”可知，C项内容符合此处语境。
5．选G 由该空前的“Al-Azhar is still an important university in the world”可知，G项说法是对前面内容的补充。
课件84张PPT。Unit1 Great scientists必修五知识归纳1. ________ adj. 科学的
2. _______ vt. 分析
3. ______ vt. 打败; 战胜; 使受挫 n. 失败
4. ______ adj. 熟练的; 经验或知识丰富的
n.专家; 行家
5. ______ vt. 照顾; 护理; 出席; 参加
6. ____ n. 治愈; 痊愈 vt. 治疗; 治愈scientificanalysedefeatexpert知识清单(一) 基本单词attendcure7. ________ n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战
8. ______ vt. 吸收; 吸引; 使专心
9. _______ vt. 认为; 怀疑 n. 嫌疑犯
10. ______ adj.严重的; 剧烈的; 严厉的
11. _____ vt. 责备; 谴责 n. 过失; 责备
12. ______ n. 柄; 把手 vt. 处理; 操纵
13. ____ vi.& vt. (使) 旋转; 纺(线或纱)
14. __________ adj. 热情的; 热心的
15. ____________ n. 特征; 特性
16. _________ n. 医生; 内科医生challengeabsorbsuspectsevereblamehandlespinenthusiasticcharacteristicphysician17. ______ n. 受害者
18. ____________ n. 附近; 邻近
19. _______ v. 预见；预知
20. ________ n. 烟火(燃放)
21. _____ n. 图表
22. _______ adj. 积极的; 肯定的; 确实的
23. _________ n. 移动; 运动; 动作
24. _________ adj. & adv. 向后地(的); 相反
地(的); 退步地(的)
25. ________ adj. 小心的; 谨慎的
26. ________ n. 宇宙; 世界victimneighborhoodforeseefireworkchartpositivemovementbackwardcautiousuniverse1. _________ vt.& vi. 结束; 推断出
__________ n. 结论; 结束
2. _______ vt. 暴露; 揭露; 使曝光
________ adj. 无遮蔽的; 无保护的
3. ________ vt. 污染; 弄脏
________ n. 污染
4. __________ vt. 宣布; 通告
_____________ n. 通知; 宣告concludeconclusionexposeexposedpollutepollution(二) 派生单词announceannouncement5. _________ vt. & vi. 捐献; 贡献; 捐助
___________ n. 捐献; 贡献; 捐助
6. ______ vt. 拒绝; 不接受; 抛弃
_________ n. 拒绝; 抛弃
7. ________ vt. 命令; 指示; 教导
__________ n. 指示; 说明contributecontributionreject rejectioninstructinstruction1. 提出
2. 得出结论
3. 显露; 暴露
4. 将……和……联系或连接起来
5. 除……之外; 此外
6. 对……严格的
7. 讲得通; 有意义put forwarddraw a conclusionexpose ... tolink ... to...(三) 短语apart from(be) strict with…make sense(四) 句式1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
neither... nor... 既不……也不……, 连接句中两个相同成分。
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
every time 引导时间状语从句, 相当于whenever, 意思是 “每当……”。3. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth. done 结构。delivered是过去分词, 作it的宾语补足语, 表示被动关系。1. conclude vt. & vi. 结束; 推断出课文原句:
Draw a conclusion.
得出结论。核心要点(一) 单词conclusion n. 结论; 结束【归纳】 sth. (from sth.)
conclude 推断出; 断定
(from sth.) that...
with/on/as/by sth.
conclude sth. 以......结束
by doing sth.
draw/reach/come to a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 最后2. defeat vt. 打败; 战胜; 使受挫
n. 失败 课文原句:
John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.
约翰斯诺击败“霍乱王”。 辨析defeat/beat/win
defeat和beat是同义词, 其宾语为人或团体, 常可互换。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人。beat常用于游戏或比赛中。
win后接sth.，表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利, 宾语多用game, war, prize等词, 不能是人; win也可用作不及物动词, “赢, 获胜”。3. attend vt.& vi. 出席; 参加; 照顾; 专心;
陪伴
课文原句:
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生 — 他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生。【归纳】
attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding
参加会议/ 听演讲/ 参加婚礼
attend on/upon sb.
伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to
处理; 注意倾听; 专心于; 照料 4. expose v. 暴露; 揭露; 使曝光课文原句:
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但当他想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时, 他就感到很振奋。【归纳】
expose sth. 揭露; 显露出某事物
expose sth./ sb./ oneself (to sth.)
使某事/某人/自己暴露/显露
expose sb. to sth. 让某人接触某物
be exposed to 暴露于……
【温馨提示】
expose sth. to… to是介词, 后接名词或动
名词作宾语。5. cure n. 治愈; 痊愈
vt. 治愈; 治疗; 解决课文原句:
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源, 也不了解它的治疗方法。【归纳】
cure for sth.
治疗……的方法
cure sb. of sth.
治愈某人的疾病; 矫正某人的不良行为辨析cure/ treat/ heal
cure “治疗, 治愈”, 多用于药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习惯。cure sb. of sth.
treat 治疗病人的全过程或活动, 并不涉及“治愈” 这个结果。treat sb. for sth.
heal 指治好外伤或烧伤后的患部 (wound, cut, injury, burn, etc.), 使伤口愈合; heal不能用来表示 “感冒” 等疾病的治愈。6. challenge n. 挑战
vt. 向……挑战 课文原句:
John Snow wanted to face the challenge
and solve this problem.
约翰斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问
题。 【归纳】
face / meet the challenge of ...
面临/迎接……的挑战
take up / accept a challenge
接受挑战
【拓展】
challenger n. 挑战者
challenging adj. 挑战性的7. suspect
课文原句:
John Snow suspected that the second
theory was correct but he needed
evidence.
斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的, 但是
他需要证据。 【归纳】
suspect作动词时, 意为“以为, 怀疑”, 常
用结构：suspect + that从句；suspect
sb. / sth. to be ...；suspect sb. of doing
sth.。
suspect作名词时, 意为“嫌疑犯”。
suspect作形容词时, 意为“可疑的, 不可
信的”。8. absorb v. 吸收; 吸引; 使专心课文原句:
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒吸收到体内的。【归纳】
absorb ... into 把……吸收进
absorb ... from 从……中吸收/取
be absorbed in (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人注意力
【温馨提示】
be absorbed in (专心于) , 主语往往是人,
并不表示被动, 类似短语有: be buried in
专心于; be lost in 陷入; be caught in 被困
于; be devoted to 致力于。9. blame v. 责备; 谴责; 把……归咎于
n. 过失; 责备课文原句:
It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。【归纳】
blame sb. for sth. /doing sth.
因……而指责某人
blame ... on sb. 把......归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth.)
(主动表被动) 应受责备
accept/ bear/ take the blame for sth.
对某事承担责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人10. contribute v. 捐献; 贡献; 捐助课文原句: to contribute (P4)【归纳】
contribute ... to ...
把……贡献给……; 向……投稿
contribute to ...
导致……; 有助于……; 为……作贡献
make a contribution/contributions to...
为……作出贡献1. put forward 提出; 推荐; 把(表)往前拨;
提前(二) 短语课文原句:
Who put forward a theory about black
holes?
谁提出的黑洞理论？ 【温馨提示】
在表示“提出”时, put forward和come up with 同义，都为及物动词短语。come up也有提出的意思, 是不及物动词短语。【拓展】
put aside 节省; 储蓄; 储存
put away 放好; 积蓄
put off 延期; 推迟
put on 穿上; 演出
put out 熄灭; 生产
put up 举起; 张贴; 公布; 挂起; 建造2. link ... to ... 将……和……连接/ 联系起来课文原句:
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关系的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。【拓展】
be linked to 和……有联系
link up (with) 连接; 结合; 有联系
link ... with 用……把……连接起来; 联系
join ... to 把……与……连接/ 联合
connect ... to 把……连接到……
connect ... with 把……与……联系/连接起来
be connected with 与……有联系3. apart from 除……之外; 此外课文原句：
Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
除了上面提到的结构, 下面这些短语也是你学过的。【辨析】
apart from “除了……之外”, 可意为包括 在内, 也可意为不包括在内。
other than “除了……”, 用于否定句。
in addition 用于衔接上下文, 可单独用于句首, 也可以用于句中或句尾, 用于句首或句中时要用逗号隔开。in addition to, as well as, besides
除……之外(还有) (包括在内)
except/except for/but
除……之外 (不包括在内)
except + 从句 当……时除外4. make sense 有意义; 讲得通课文原句:
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。【拓展】
make sense of 理解; 明白
make no sense 没道理; 没意义
there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
in a sense 在某一方面; 就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不
sense of humor 幽默感
【温馨提示】
in no sense 置句首时, 句子用部分倒装。【考例】
See,?your?computer?has?broken?down?again!?
It?doesn’t?___?sense?to?buy?the?cheapest?
brand?of?computer?just?to?save?a?few?dollars.
A.?have?? ?B.?make???? C.?display??? D.?bring?
句意: 看, 你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买
最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。
考点: 考查动词短语。?
考查动词短语的固定搭配：make?sense有意
义。根据句意可知选B。?B1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的起因, 又不知道它的治疗方法。
neither... nor... 既不……也不, 连接句中两个相同成分。(三) 句式【拓展】
类似并列词组还有：
either... or... 要么……要么……
not... but... 不是……而是……
not only... but also… 不但……而且……
它们连接并列主语时, 其谓语动词的单
复数都遵循就近原则。(主谓一致)e.g. Either you or she is good at drawing.
Neither dad nor mum is at home
today.
Not only the students but also their
teacher is enjoying the film. 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时, 都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
every time引导时间状语从句, 相当于whenever, 意思是“每当……”。
由名词充当连词, 引导时间状语从句的还有: the first time (第一次), the last time (最后一次), next time (下次), the moment (一……就), any time (任何时候) 等。e.g.
Every time Tom listens to her advice, he gets into trouble.
每次汤姆听从了她的建议, 就会陷入麻烦。
Every time he came, he brought me a nice book.
他每次来都给我带来一本好书。3. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的, 她特别喜欢那里的水, 每天都要派人用水泵打水运到家里来。
have sth. done 结构。delivered是过去分词, 作it的宾语补足语, 表示被动关系。语法过去分词作定语和表语
I. 过去分词作定语
【用法归纳】
1. 过去分词作定语，一般表示其与所修饰 的名词之间是被动关系，且表示的动作已完成。如：
You’d better use the boiled water to make tea.
The nurse was sent to attend the injured man.2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词前面，而过去分词短语作定语一般放在名词后面。如：
Drunk people are not allowed to drive a car.
Have you read the novel written by Charles Dickens?
In the end, the suggestion given by Mr. Smith was adopted. 3. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成的含义，不表示被动的含义。如：
The police are searching for the escaped prisoner.
The old man over there is a retired worker. 【拓展】
done, to be done和being done 作定语的区别：它们都可作定语，表示被动意义，但时间含义上有所不同。过去分词表示被动的动作已完成；不定式的被动式表示被动的动作将要发生；动词-ing形式的被动式表示被动的动作正在进行。如：Lucy knows little about the research plan discussed at yesterday’s meeting.
The five players are expected to take part in the football match to be held next week.
All of us must keep a secret of the things being talked about here.II. 过去分词作表语
【用法归纳】
1. 过去分词可用在be, keep, remain, stay, seem, appear, look, feel, get等系动词后作表语，常表被动意义，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征等。如：
Mrs. Green is convinced that her husband is telling a lie.
The living room is covered with dust. 2. 很多过去分词已经形容词化，此类词作表语或定语时，强调被动的含义不大，而更强调状态。常见的此类词有：satisfied, excited, bored, amazed, tired, pleased, astonished等。如：
As far as Tom is concerned, he is extremely satisfied.
Jim seems astonished to see his mother. 【拓展】
有些动词如frighten, interest, worry, surprise等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的感受, 也可用来描述与人有关的事物, 如look(表情), expression等；常用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如：
The little girl gets frightened when her father shouts at her.
Sara told me a surprising thing just now.? 【运用】用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. I found myself in an ______________ (embarrass) situation last night.
2. The thief tried to open the ________ (lock) box.
3. The ________ (expect) event didn’t occur.
4.? The ________ (injure) woman was sent to hospital quickly. embarrassing locked expected injured? 5. We need a(n) ________ (balance) diet in order to keep fit.
6. The dragon was a(n) ________ (terrify) sight for the villagers. The ________ (terrify) villagers ran for their lives.balanced terrifyingterrified 说服性文章属于议论文。它是提出见解或主张并说明理由，从而使读者信服的文章。
在写作的过程中，要用有说服力的论据来支撑自己的观点。
说服性文章的写作通常按照以下步骤进行: 一、引入话题，表明观点；二、阐述理由，支撑观点；三、总结全文。写作如何写说服性文章【写作任务】
最近, 你校不吃早餐的同学越来越多, 请你以“Do not skip your breakfast”为题给校报英语专栏写一篇短文, 呼吁大家改掉这一不良习惯。
注意: 1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已给出, 但不计入总词数。
Do not skip your breakfast
Recently, the number of the students in our school who skip breakfast has increased greatly.【写作指导】
审题定调
这是一篇劝说大家勿漏掉早餐的议论文。写作时多用第一人称或第三人称，时态常用
一般现在时。
谋篇布局
短文可以分成三段：
第一段:
引入话题(不吃早餐的同学越来越多), 表明观点(不吃早餐是应该被摒弃的坏习惯);第二段：
阐述理由, 支撑观点 (早餐的重要性及不吃早餐的危害)；
第三段：
总结全文(综述不吃早餐的影响，并呼吁大家勿漏掉早餐)。组织语言
1. 第一段：引入话题，表明观点。2. 第二段：阐述理由。3. 第三段：总结全文。【范文展示】
普通范文
Do not skip your breakfast
Recently, the number of the students in our school who skip breakfast has increased greatly. ①I think it is a bad habit to have
nothing for breakfast.
②First, breakfast is the most important meal in a day. If we don't have breakfast, we won't have enough energy to do our work. ③Second, if we don't have breakfast, we will eat more food at noon and in the evening. ④Therefore, we may get fat by not eating breakfast.
⑤All in all, we should eat breakfast for the good of our health and keeping a good body shape. No matter how busy we are, we should have breakfast on time every day.高级范文
Do not skip your breakfast
Recently, the number of the students in our school who skip breakfast has increased greatly. ①In my opinion, skipping breakfast is a bad habit that should be kicked.
②For one thing, breakfast offers us the energy we need for the whole morning.When we are hungry, it's hard for us to keep our mind on our studies. ③For another, people who skip breakfast will consume more food at noon and in the evening. ④Therefore, the extra calories will be stored in our body and make us gain weight easily.
⑤In short, skipping breakfast leads to poor school performance and poor health, even a bad figure. Therefore, do not skip breakfast and have a proper breakfast every day.【实战演练】
假设你是某国际学校的学生李华, 请你代表同学们给美籍校长布朗先生写一封信, 劝说他修建校内游泳池。要点如下:
1. 游泳运动的必要性；
2. 场地问题：操场旁边的空地；
3. 经费问题：学生们愿设法募款。注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 信件的开头和结尾已给出, 但不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing to you on behalf of the
students in our school.
___________________________________
___________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua I.?用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Keller is ________ (caution) about making predictions for the success of the program.
2. The study included a(n) ________ (analyse) of accident statistics.
3. The chemicals have been identified as a source of _________ (pollute).巩固练习cautiousanalysispollution 4. ______________ (announce) of births, marriages and deaths appear in the local newspaper.
5. Both products come with detailed ____________ (instruct) for use.
6. There’s nothing ________ (science) about the process they use to select people.
7. The gallery is showing the work of abstract ________ (paint).paintersAnnouncementsinstructionsscientificII.?选用方框内合适的动词并用正确形式填空(每个单词限用一次)。amaze build depress display injure take embarrass entertain involve lock1. He looked ____________ and nervous when I asked him where he’d been.
2. The scientists ________ in this project have been trying to get to this stage for 13 years.involved ?? embarrassed? ??3. The thief tried to open up the ______ cupboard but failed.
4. They are reconstructing the house
______ in the 17th century.
5. The new theatre is going to cost a(n)
________ amount of money.
6. The type of vitamin _______ should
depend on the general state of health.amaze build depress display injure take embarrass entertain involve locktakenlockedbuilt ?amazing7. All the toys _________ in the shop window attracted the child’s attention.
8. My uncle was __________ after his terrible experience.
9. The ________ woman was put into an ambulance and sent to hospital.
10. The company produces ___________ and informative programs.amaze build depress display injure take embarrass entertain involve lockentertainingdisplayeddepressedinjuredIII. 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the late 1970s British industrial designer James Dyson became 1. _______ (tire) of his vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) getting blocked. After analyzing the problem, he came to the 2. __________ (conclude) that the trouble lay in dustconclusion tired ?collecting in the cleaner’s bag and decided 3. ________ (find) a solution. After over 5,000 tries he came up with a(n) 4. __________ (complete) new kind of vacuum cleaner, which because of its bagless construction didn’t get blocked and didn’t lose suction (吸力). Refusing to accept defeat when 5. ________ (reject)
rejected to find completely ?by every manufacturer he approached, Dyson launched his own company, Dyson Limited. From one man and one idea, Dyson Limited 6. ___________ (become) the Dyson Group, a technology company that is now worth more than 3 billion pounds. At its center is a team of engineers and scientists 7. ________ (work) on more ideas and inventions. workinghas becomeDyson Group’s latest invention is the cordless vacuum cleaner, 8. _______ can be used for twenty minutes before needing to be recharged. James Dyson believes 9. _______ engineers are the world’s problem solvers and more are always needed. For this reason he has established the James Dyson Foundation, a charitable whichthat foundation that contributes to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education by providing students and teachers 10. ______ much needed money, education programs and teaching materials. with
