必修4 Unit 2 高考试卷分块专练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
A couple of months ago, we were in a hurry to get somewhere, but it seemed that my 6-year-old daughter had an instinctive (本能的) capacity to slow things down. In response I had become impatient, frustrated and unkind. As I unloaded my apology, she said, “Mom, it's OK. You've never been a mom before. This is your first time. You're just trying. It's OK.”
Her response made me feel ashamed. She had been able to give me what I had refused to give her just moments before — mercy, understanding and sympathy. And I needed it. We all do. In fact, there may be nothing more needed today in our nation and communities.
It's no wonder that former Westboro Baptist Church member Megan has transformed her idea. She spent 20 years representing her family's beliefs with messages of hate towards blacks, Jews and those who support abortion. When she finally started being able to engage in (参与) civil dialog with her “enemies”， she found that “people on the other side were not the ones I had been led to believe ...” Finally, she left the faith of her family. What surprised her most was the forgiveness and understanding she experienced from those who had been her former “enemies”．
My experience with my daughter teaches me that the ability to engage “with the other”， to form a judgment, to avoid tough judgements, and to show sympathy is learned first, and practiced best, at home — even if, as in my case, it is my children who teach me the lesson. Researchers believe the key to developing those abilities in our children lies in how we respond to their feelings, especially the negative ones.
We should all make efforts to create a world where we are all better able to take the perspective (观点) of others, stay away from tough judgments and recognize and respect the humanity in the souls around us. This desire makes my own struggling to be better worth all the efforts every day.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了作者在对女儿道歉时，受到女儿回答的影响，意识到我们需要同情和理解对方。
1．What did the author think of her daughter's reaction?
A．Her daughter was not so kind.
B．Her daughter did better than her.
C．Her daughter's words annoyed her.
D．Her daughter should make an apology.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中作者对女儿道歉时女儿的答语可知B项正确。
2．The author mentions the example of Megan in order to ________.
A．show that blacks and Jews are treated unfairly
B．judge whether what Megan did was right or not
C．show that there are no forever enemies in our life
D．prove that people should show understanding to each other
解析：选D 推理判断题。作者列举梅甘的例子是为了证明自己前面提到的以及后面还要重复强调的观点，即我们要学会站在对方的角度去看待问题，亦即人们之间要互相理解。
3．Why did Megan change her attitude towards her former “enemies”？
A．Because she forgave them at last.
B．Because she knew them better later.
C．Because she made herself understood by them.
D．Because she felt great sympathy towards them.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，梅甘之所以把那些人当成敌人，是因为她并没有真正了解那些人，后来通过了解之后发现他们并不是自己以前认为的那样。
4．What's the author's attitude toward our future?
A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful.
C．Cautious. D．Worried.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据最后一段作者说我们要努力创造一个更好地对待别人的世界，远离不公正的判断和尊重周围的人可以看出，作者对未来是抱有希望的。
B
(2018·太原一模)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn't really done anything yet.
I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend's mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn't want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.
Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS-related dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others' presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.
In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的重要意义。
5．Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?
A．He built shelters for them.
B．He gave immediate first aid to them.
C．He came to stay with them.
D．He brought mental health professionals.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。
6．What did the author do when his friend's mother passed away?
A．He hesitated over whether to go.
B．He went to his friend's at once.
C．He knew what to do instantly.
D．He decided not to disturb his friend.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately ...I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。
7．What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Heavy but warm.
B．A little sad but cosy.
C．Relaxing and delightful.
D．Very serious and unhappy.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However ...no means”和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDS-related dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。
8．What has the author learned from his experience?
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．Being present can make a big difference.
C．The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.
D．Being a volunteer can make one's life more significant.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly ...are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。
C
Square foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew.It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional
gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area.It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”．Each bed is 4’×4’(16 sq ft) (120cm×120cm, 1.4m2)．The beds are separated by paths (小路)．These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots.The weeds (杂草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths.This stops the soil from being compacted (压紧)．
Benefits of square foot gardening：
·Much less work.Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.
·Water savings.The loose ground holds the water better.This type of garden needs water less often than other methods.Also, water is placed very near the plant roots.Less water is wasted.
·Very few weeds.The vegetables form a living mulch (覆盖物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow.
·Pesticides (杀虫剂) are not needed.Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space.Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了平方尺菜园的操作方法和益处。
9．Why does square foot gardening become popular?
A．It makes full use of space.
B．It is suggested by Mel Bartholemew.
C．It provides more vegetables for people.
D．It produces vegetables of higher quality.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.”可知，平方尺菜园能够充分利用空间。
10．Why is the gardening called square foot gardening?
A．Because vegetables are grown in the squares.
B．Because you can grow vegetables anywhere by using it.
C．Because the smallest bed in it is only one square foot.
D．Because the places where vegetables are grown are too small.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据其名称和第一段的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.”可知正确答案。
11．What can we infer from the text?
A．Loose soil is good for plant growth.
B．Onions and carrots need more space.
C．Compacted soil is important to some plants.
D．Square foot gardening needs some heavy tools.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话和下文“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.”可知，松散的土壤有利于植物的生长。
12．Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening?
A．Because weed killers are used.
B．Because weeds can't get sunlight.
C．Because weeds are short of water.
D．Because weeds have been removed.
解析：选B 细节理解题。从Benefits of square foot gardening的第三条可知，蔬菜遮住了杂草的阳光，因为见不到阳光，所以杂草很少。
D
(2018·济南高考模拟)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.
Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.
Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.
Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.
Such well mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．
语篇解读：在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良好的品质。
13．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?
A．A brave action. B．Sacrifice spirit.
C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behavior.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选C项。
14．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him？
A．He was in a hurry.
B．He would wait for her.
C．He would pass her rudely.
D．He was a man with good manners.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选C项。
15．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?
A．He might be a waiter of the café.
B．He might have an urgent business to do.
C．He loved a daughter of the author.
D．He would hold the door open for all.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对那个男人说一声谢谢可推知，那个男人上楼梯，一次上两级台阶，应该是有急事要做，故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2018·郑州市第一次质量预测)
Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?
Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.
Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers — something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected.
Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached.
__4__ In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__
A．The same is true of gallery goers.
B．But don't play down small talk just yet.
C．They found that small talk is related to happiness.
D．Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.
E．Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.
F．A “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions”．
G．Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了聊天会让人开心。
1．选B 根据上文的“In one study, researchers ... related to happiness.”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.”可知，空格前后表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。
2．选D 根据下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected.”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。
3．选A 根据下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。
4．选G 根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。
5．选F 根据上文的“But people who were ... into personal exchanges.”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。
课件94张PPT。Unit1 Working the land必修四知识归纳(一) 基本单词
1. ____________ vi. & n. 斗争; 拼搏; 努力
2. ____________ n. 十年; 十年期
3. ____________ adj. 特级的；超级的
4. ____________ n. 产量；输出
5. ____________ n. 庄稼；农作物；产量
6. ____________ adj. 引起烦恼的；
令人不安的struggledecadesuperoutputcropdisturbing知识清单7. ____________ vt.& vi. 使变大; 伸展
8. ____________ vt.& vi. 循环; 流传
9. ____________ n. 战役；战斗；较量
vt. & vi. 搏斗；奋斗
10. ____________ n. 自由；自主
11. ____________ adv. 因此; 所以; 因而
12. _____________ n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
13. ____________ n. 国籍expandcirculatethereforenationalitybattlefreedomgrain14. __________ n. 工作; 职业; 占领
15. __________ vt. 遗憾; 惋惜
n. 遗憾; 懊悔
16. __________ n. 生产；制造
17. __________ n. 细菌(bacterium的复数)
18. __________ n. 害虫
19. __________ n. 营养；滋养；食物
20. __________ n. 矿物；矿石regretbacteriapestnutritionoccupationproductionmineral21. __________ n. 土壤
22. __________ n. 焦点; 中心点
vt. 集中; 聚焦
23. __________ vt. 减少; 减缩
24. ________ n. 根；根源
25. __________ vt. 浏览；略读
26. __________ vt. 画底线标出；强调
27. __________ n. 评论; 议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见; 作出评论focusreducecommentsoilrootskimunderline(二) 派生单词
28. ___________ n. 饥饿;欲望
vt. & vi. (使)饥饿
→__________ adj. 饥饿的; 渴望得到的
29. ____________ vt. & vi. 配备; 装备
→____________ (不可数) n. 设备
30. ____________ vt. & vi. 输出; 出口
→__________ (反义词) vt. & vi. 输入; 进口hungerhungryequipequipmentexportimport31. ____________ n. 发现；发觉
→__________ v. 发现
32. ____________ vt. 使迷惑; 使为难
→____________ adj. 令人迷惑的
→____________ adj. 感到迷惑的
→_____________ n. 迷惑
33. ____________ n. 总结; 摘要; 概要
→_____________ vt. 总结confuseconfusingconfusedconfusionsummarysummarizediscoverydiscover1. 幸亏，由于，因为 _____________
2. 摆脱，除去 ______________
3. 对……感到满意 _______________
4. 宁愿，宁可 ________________thanks torid …ofbe satisfied withwould rather(三) 短语5. 逐渐增强; 建立; 开发 __________
6. 导致; 造成 (后果) __________
7. 集中(注意力/精力等) ________
8. 使……免受(影响;伤害等); 使……不含 (有害物) ___________________build uplead tofocus onkeep...free from/of1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?
if so与if not都是条件状语从句的缩略形式, 分别表示肯定和否定。(四) 句式2. Dr.Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
what引导名词性从句
3. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
the first＋n.＋to do... 意为“第一个要做……的……”4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
倍数表达法：
A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋（由某些形容词变化而来的）n.＋of＋B5. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
现在完成进行时1. struggle vt.& vi.& n. 斗争; 拼搏; 努力; 挣扎
[课文原句] Indeed, his sunburned face and arms and his slim and strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
的确，他那被太阳晒的黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他千百万的中国农民一样，过去五十年来，他一直努力帮助他们。核心要点一、单词【归纳】
struggle to do sth.
艰难地做某事, 挣扎着做某事
struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle with (against)
与……作斗争, 同……搏斗
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来struggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。
fight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗争”时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。struggle fight用适当的介词填空。
1. Fish struggle _____ survival when the water level drops in the lake.
2. For years he has been struggling ____________ cancer.
3. He struggled _____ his attacker who then ran off.for?with / against?with2. expand vt. 使变大; 使增强; 阐述
vi. 扩大; 增加; 增强
[课文原句] Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the field.
袁博士(开始)在不增加农田面积的基础上寻求水稻增产的途径。
【归纳】
expand...into 把……扩展(发展, 膨胀)成
expand on/upon 阐述; 详谈【拓展】
expansion n. 展开；膨胀；扩展
expansive adj. 广阔的；易膨胀的expand展开, 扩大, 不仅指尺寸的增加, 还可指范围和体积的扩大。
extend伸出, 延伸, 指空间范围的扩大, 以及长度、宽度的向外延伸, 也可指时间的延长。
spread伸开, 传播, 一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围, 如传播(疾病)、散布(信息)等。
stretch伸展, 拉长, 一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展, 不是加长。expand extend spread stretch用expand/extend/spread/stretch的适当形式填空。
(1) The hot weather __________ to October.
(2) Water _________ when it freezes.
(3) He ___________ his body full.
(4) The fire soon ________ to the nearby
building. extendedexpandsstretchesspread3. equip vt.& vi. 装备; 配备
[课文原句] He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。【归纳】
equip...with... 用……装备……
be equipped with 装备着
equip...for sth./to do sth. 为了……而装备
well/poorly equipped 设备精良的/较差的
【拓展】
equipment n. 装备; 设备(不可数名词)
a piece of equipment 一件设备根据中英文提示完成下列句子。
1. 许多公司已在他们的出租车上安装了全球定位系统。
Many companies ___________________ __________?GPS.
2. 你的训练使你能够胜任将来的工作。
Your training will _____________ your future job.have equipped theirequip you for taxies with ?4. therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
[课文原句] He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
于是他拿出几百万元帮助其他人进行农业科学研究。therefore so thus用therefore，so，thus填空。
① She was caught cheating in the exam and
________ she was punished by her
teacher.
② She coughed badly, ________ she went to
see a doctor.
③ The tram stopped suddenly, ________
causing the delay.thereforesothus5. confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难；
使混乱；混淆
[课文原句] It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
把这个再解释一次很重要，否则我们会使学生糊涂。
【归纳】
confuse...and/with... 把……和……混淆【拓展】
confusion n. 混乱; 迷惑
confused adj. 困惑的; 烦恼的
confusing adj. 令人费解的;使人困惑的
in confusion 处于混乱状态
be confused about
被……搞糊涂; 对……迷惑不解用confuse的适当形式填空。
1. Some of the questions he asked were very __________.
2. In __________ I lost my bag and wasn’t able to find it.
3. I’m totally __________. Could you explain that again?
4. It’s easy to _________ them because they’re so alike.confusing?confusionconfused?confuse6. regret vt. 遗憾; 惋惜
n. 遗憾;懊悔
【归纳】
regret to do sth. 遗憾地去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
regret not to have done sth.
后悔没做过某事
regret that 从句 遗憾……
with great/deep regret 很遗憾
to one’s regret 让某人感到遗憾的是【拓展】
regretful adj. 懊悔的，遗憾的，惆怅的 regrettable adj. 令人遗憾的，使人痛惜
的，可悲的，不幸的将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 我很遗憾地告诉你，我不能帮助你。I regret to tell you that I can not lend you a hand.2. 他说他很后悔把事件的真相告诉了他母亲。
3. 令他们感到非常遗憾的是，足球赛的票已经卖光了。He said he regretted telling / having told / that he had told the truth of the matter to his mother.Much to their regret / To their great regret, the tickets for the football game were sold out. 7. focus n. 焦点; 中心点
v. 集中; 聚集
[课文原句] They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
【归纳】
focus on / upon
集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus one’s attention/mind/energy on
集中注意力/心思/精力于the focus of attention
关注的焦点
bring...into focus
使……成为焦点
in focus
对准焦点; 清晰
out of focus
没有对准焦点; 不清晰根据汉语意思补全下列句子。
1. 你必须努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。
You must try to _____________________ work and study.
2. 这次讨论的焦点是女性在广告中的角色。
_____________________________ was the roles of women in advertising.focus your mind onThe main focus of the discussion8. reduce v. 减少; 减缩
[课文原句] A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
肥沃的土壤减少了病虫害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。
【归纳】
reduce sth. to... 减少到……
reduce sth. by... 减少了……
be reduced to 沦落为……;
陷入某种状态; 被降职到……
reduce to silence使安静下来
? reduce to order 使恢复秩序；整理好
【拓展】
increase v. 增加根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 这里的人口现在已减少到5万。
The population here has _______________ fifty thousand now.
2. 听到这个坏消息，全班都安静了下来。
Hearing the bad news, the class was
_________________.?
3. 据报道，那个地区的米价下降了5%。
It is reported that the price of the rice in that area _______________ 5%.been reduced to?reduced to silencewas reduced by9. comment vi. &vt. 表达意见；作出评论
n. 评论；议论
[课文原句] Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.
【归纳】
comment on/about sth. / sb.
对某事/某人进行评论
make comments/no comment on sth./sb.
对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论翻译下列句子。
1. She made helpful comments on my work.?
2. I don’t feel I can comment on their decision.她对我的工作提出了有益的评论。我觉得我无法对他们的决定作出评论。?1. thanks to 由于；多亏（有时用作
反语）; 因为
[课文原句] Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。二、短语[方法规律]
owing to和thanks to的宾语所表达的内容往往是正面的、积极的东西。
due to、because of和as a result of的宾语则为中性的内容。在表达负面、消极的内容时多用as a result of和due to。 【拓展】
表示“因为，由于”的短语还有：
because of, owing to, on account of, due to,
as a result of, result from【温馨提示】
以上这些都是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名
词或动名词而不可以跟从句。根据汉语提示，用thanks to完成下列句子。
1. It was all a great success — _________________________ (由于尽心竭力).
2. ____________________ (多亏了你的帮助), we arrived there safely.thanks to a lot of hard workThanks to your help2. rid...of 摆脱; 除去
[课文原句] Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
【拓展】
rid oneself of debts 还清债务
rid sb. of one’s doubt 消除某人的疑虑
rid oneself of a bad habit
改掉……不良习惯
get rid of 摆脱; 除去
be rid of 摆脱; 去掉3. be satisfied with 对……表示满足或满意
[课文原句] Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.
袁隆平对生活非常满足。
【拓展】
be happy with 对......满意
be content with 对......满意
be satisfied to do sth. 对做...…感到满意
to one’s satisfaction= to the satisfaction of
sb. 使某人满意的是4. would rather 宁愿，宁可其后接动词原形
[课文原句] He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。
【拓展】
would rather...than... 常用句式，意为“宁可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”
would rather＋从句，从句要用虚拟语气，用动词的过去时表示。
would rather have done
本想做……（而实际上未做） 每个句子都有一处错误，请找出并改正。??
1. This Sunday I would rather staying at home than go to the park.
? _______________
2. He would rather don’t go with me. _______________
3. I’d rather had the small apple. _______________staying?→?staydon’t?→?nothad?→?have5. build up 逐渐增加，变得严重起来，
(车辆)拥挤起来；积累，
积聚；加强(力量)，
增强(体质)；建立，开发
[课文原句] These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。【归纳】
build sb. / oneself up
build up one’s body / strength / health
增强某人的体质，使某人更加强壮。翻译句子。
1. Hard working conditions build up character.
2. I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.
3. We are building up a good business.艰苦的工作条件能磨练人的性格。看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长，我很高兴。我们的生意兴隆。6. lead to 导致; 造成(后果); 通向
[课文原句] Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
许多化学成分导致癌症或其他疾病。
【拓展】
lead sb. to do sth.
诱导某人做某事，使某人做某事
lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地
lead sb. into 带某人进入
lead the way 引路, 带路
lead/live/have a...life 过着……样的生活用lead?to翻译下列句子。
1. 吃太多的糖会引起健康问题。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
2. 这条路通向公园。
The road leads to the park.
3. 她带领我们到了楼上的房间。
She led us to a room upstairs.7. keep...free from /of 使……免受(影响/伤
害); 使……不含(有害物)
[课文原句] They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
他们认为这样会使地里的土壤更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，同时还可以让空 气，土壤，水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 【拓展】
be free from/of... 无……的; 免于……的
for free 免费
free of charge 免费1. If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果这样的话, 你做了些什么来种植这些植物？
①if so意为“如果是这样的话”, 是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式, 表示肯定意义, 如果表示否定意义, 则用 if not。(三) 句式②if 构成的其他省略形式：
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if necessary 如果必要的话2. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
the first/last/best/only/very/right ...+n. + to do sth.
第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的……做某事的人/物
不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面,且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系。e.g. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.
最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。3. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
倍数表达法：
A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋（由某些形容词变化而来的）n.＋of＋Be.g. I’m not going out with a man who’s twice as old as me.
我不愿意和一个年纪比我大一倍的男人一起参加社交活动。
My house is three times bigger than yours.
我的屋子比你的大三倍。
Your playground is 900 metres wide, three times the size of ours. 你们操场有900米宽, 是我们的三倍。 语法动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、动词-ing形式作主语
★ 动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. Reading aloud is very important for
us to learn a foreign language.
Going to bed early and getting up
early is considered to be a good habit.★ 在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放到句末。 如：
It is very important remembering others’ names.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 二、动词-ing形式作宾语
★ 有些动词后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。有此用法的动词有：allow, advise, admit, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny,?enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, mention, permit, practice, quit, risk, suggest等。My mother advised asking a doctor to come and examine my eyes.
We’re considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. ★ 有些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但用法和意义都有所不同。这些动词是：remember, forget, stop, regret, try, mean等。如：
I remember meeting her at a party once.
I want to try playing soccer this spring.stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
mean to do sth. 想要做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着
try to do sth. 努力要做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做了某事★ 动词-ing形式用在动词need, want, require等后表示“需要”时，用动词-ing形式的主动形式或者用不定式的被动式表示被动意义。
e.g. The carpet really wants cleaning.
= The carpet really wants to be
cleaned.★ 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。要特别注意：
be / get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to等中的to都是介词而不是动词不定式符号。
e.g. My father is used to going to bed late
and getting up very early.
I’m looking forward to receiving
your reply.用动词-ing形式（短语）把下列两个句子
合并成一个句子。
1. You should know the students’ needs and interests.
It is part of a teacher’s job.
??????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
2. Don’t talk with your mouth full.
It is a bad habit.Knowing the students’ needs and interests is part of a teacher’s job.Talking with your mouth full is a bad habit so don’t do it.3. My mother gets up early every morning.
That is a good habit.
???????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????
4. Get all the materials ready before the end of this month.
It is your homework.Getting up early every morning is my mother’s good habit.Getting all the materials ready before the end of this month is your homework.1. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _________ (work) with students.
(2016浙江)
2. __________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. (2015安徽)【高考链接】workingIgnoring 3. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _____ for a swim?? (2014陕西)
A. to go ? ? ? B. going
C. go ? ? D. having goneB如何设计英文海报
?????? 英文海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种招贴形式的应用文。它的使用场合非常广泛，包括活动宣传、招聘广告和人物介绍等。
【写作指导】
1. 明确海报的主题
明确你要写的海报是活动宣传、招聘广告还是人物介绍。写作2. 确定海报的格式
标题：居于海报正上方，用简洁、引人注目的语言概括要宣传的主题。
正文：海报正文没有硬性规定的格式，可以根据海报的内容灵活安排。
①一般来说，海报的最前面要采用一些鼓动性较强的语句来吸引读者的注意力，通常采用排比、反问、设问等修辞手法。② 接着列出海报的具体内容：
★ 写活动宣传的海报时，可以先介绍要宣传的活动，再写活动的时间、地点、目的、 活动安排以及主办单位等。
★ 写招聘广告的海报时，先介绍要招聘的职位，然后写对求职者的要求等。
★ 写人物介绍的海报时，可以先把要介绍的人物的名字放在显要位置，然后依次介绍该人物的出生时间、地点、特殊技能等，再简单介绍该人物所从事的职业等。结尾：海报发布时间常写在海报左下角。
注意：
1. 写海报正文部分时，可以列小标题，也可以整段介绍；
2. 英文海报通常含有通知性，所以主题应该明确、一目了然；
3. 英文海报还包含广告的某些特点，要求内容简明扼要，形式新颖美观。I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The instructions are terribly __________ (confuse).
Could you help me with them, please?
2. A computer is the most important piece of
____________ (equip) you will buy.
3. The new satellite TV channels offer viewers greater ________ (free) of choice.巩固练习confusingequipmentfreedom4. His ___________ (discover) included 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes.
5. She was so ________ (hunger) for success that she'd do anything to achieve it.
6. Boeing sells a third of its aircraft overseas, making it the biggest ________ (export) in the United States.discoverieshungryexporterIII. 选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。build up focus on lead to
care about thanks to over time1. __________ this treatment, her condition has improved.
2. Students are encouraged to consider the way language changes __________.
3. She turned the camera and ___________ Martin's face.Thanks toover time focused on4. He has ________ quite a fortune in that business.
5. I welcome any change that will ________ something better.
6. O f course I ___________ the homeless and the unemployed, but what can I do?build up focus on lead to
care about thanks to over timebuilt uplead tocare aboutII. 根据括号内的汉语提示，用动词-ing 形式短语补全下面句子。
1. ________________________ ( 找到一个停车位) is quite difficult in this area.
2. __________________________ (鲍勃没准时出现) made Jane very angry.
3. ____________________ ( 与我争论) takes much of my little brother's time.Finding a parking spaceBob's not turning up on timeArguing with me4. ________________________ ( 在医院做义工) is just one of Helen 's activities.
5. _________________ ( 在线学习) helps students who don't have books.Volunteering at the hospitalStudying onlineIV. 用括号内的单词或短语改写下面句子，并使句意基本保持不变。
1. I tell you all the time, but you won 't listen. (keep)
→
2. Brad doesn't try to find a perfect company any more. (give up)
→ I keep telling you, but you won't listen!Brad has given up finding a perfect company.3. He had to brake hard to try not to hit the deer. (avoid)
→
4. Kate decided to leave later than she had planned. (put off)
→
5. It's very kind of you to give me a gift. (appreciate)
→He had to brake hard to avoid hitting the deer.Kate decided to put off her leaving.I appreciate you giving me a gift.6. I really want to visit Paris. (look forward to)
→
7. Emma managed to get a place at Oxford.
(succeed in)
→I'm looking forward to visiting Paris.Emma succeeded in getting a place at
Oxford.8. I wish I hadn't eaten so much; I've got a
stomachache. (regret)
→I regret eating so much; I've got a
stomachache.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容
（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Inside a building on a farm in the UK
countryside it is hot. 1. ________ number of crickets ( 蟋蟀) there is growing at the rate of 60,000 a day. There are at least five other insect farms like this being developed in the UK and some believe that insect farming is the 2. __________ (begin) of a new industry that will lead to a more environmentally
friendly diet. ThebeginningAccording to the United Nations Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world's population 3. __________________ __________ (reach) 9 billion by 2050 and demand for meat will likely rise by more than 40%. Livestock (牲畜) uses 1/3 of all cropland 4. ________ (feed) it and produces 1/5 of all greenhouse emissions. The FAO also predicts rises in the price of meat. will reach / is goingto feedto reachEating insects is seen by some as a way 5. ________ reducing some of these problems. At the moment, however, insects are expensive, which insect farmers say is because insect farms at present are small. As 6. __________ (produce) expands they will get larger and prices will go down. 7. ______________________ (persuade) people to eat insects may be a struggle though. ofproductionPersuading / To persuadeThe FAO says some 2 billion people in the world 8. _________ (regular) eat insects. In spite of that, for most people insects are nothing but pests if 9. ________ (find) in
food or in the house and they will never be
10. ________ (satisfy) with an insect diet.regularlyfoundsatisfied
