/ 语法专题（一）名词/
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
mouse safe invent win happy
1.Cats like catching for food. They are natural enemies.?
2.Teenagers should be taught about personal both at home and at school.?
3.We are often told about four great of ancient China.?
4.Congratulations to these of our school singing competition!?
5.His hobby has brought him lots of and enjoyment.?
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示填单词
1.I like playing basketball very much and I want to be a basketball (队员) in the future. ?
2.Every coin has two (边,面). You should use the Internet in a proper way.?
3.Online shopping has many (优势). ?
4.I saw two (猫) running from the old house. ?
5.Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were a group of (艺术家) who create their own style.?
6.My cousin likes to collect (邮票) in his spare time. ?
7.Please find out some (不同之处) between the two pictures.?
8.In order to protect the environment, lots of (工厂) have been closed down.?
9.Linda's (健康) has improved greatly since she started on this new diet.?
10.The dentist suggests that the girl should brush her (牙齿) before going to bed.?
Ⅲ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Every year, more (story) are bought as e-books and read on a screen. ?
2.Since we were young (child), too many success stories have been telling us about courage and persistence(坚持). ?
3.The woman dressed in blue is (Mary and Alice) mother.?
4.Many (people) enjoy sports by watching others play.?
5.The number of the (boy) students in my class is 27.?
6.The second Sunday in May is (mother) Day, and I'm thinking what to buy for my mother.?
7.When autumn comes, (leaf) of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.?
8.—Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Qi Jiguang?
—Of course. They are our national (hero).?
9.Bill was a (report) to interview the football players at the 2016 Rio Olympics.?
10.People in western countries usually eat with forks and (knife).?
Ⅳ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.那名公交司机喝了两杯水。
That bus driver drank .?
2.我昨天去我叔叔家了。
I went to my yesterday.?
3.这支钢笔不是我的,它是我妈妈的。
The pen is not mine. It's .?
4.请注意!我有两条消息要告诉你们。
Attention, please! I've got to tell you.?
5.那些女老师都来自浙江。
Those are from Zhejiang.?
6.火车站离我家有两个小时的车程。
The railway station is from my house.?
7.农场上有几只绵羊正在吃草。
There are grass on the farm.?
8.刚才他给了我一些关于英语学习的建议。
He gave me about English learning just now.?
9.我们学校男教师的数量是100。
The number of the in our school is one hundred.?
10.工人们将在两个半月后完成这座新桥。
The workers will complete the new bridge in .?
Ⅴ.语法填空
In November 1979, pupils in England were able to watch a new programme 1. (call) Monkey.Most of them were hearing this story for the 2. (one) time. 3. , this story is not new to Chinese children.The Monkey King or King or Sun Wukong is the main character in the 4. (tradition) Chinese book Journey to the West.?
The Monkey King is not just any normal monkey. In fact, he sometimes doesn't even look like 5. monkey! This is 6. he can make 72 changes to his shape and size,turning 7. (him) into different animals and objects.?
8. (west) children became interested 9. reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps 10. (fight) to help the weak and never gives up.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.mice 2.safety 3.inventions 4.winners 5.happiness
Ⅱ.1.player 2.sides 3.advantages 4.cats 5.artists
6.stamps 7.differences 8.factories 9.health 10.teeth
Ⅲ.1.stories 2.children 3.Mary and Alice's 4.people 5.boy 6.Mother's 7.leaves
8.heroes 9.reporter 10.knives
Ⅳ.1.two glasses of water 2.uncle's house 3.my mother's 4.two pieces of news 5.women teachers
6.two hours' drive 7.several sheep eating 8.some advice/suggestions 9.men teachers
10.two and a half months/two months and a half
Ⅴ.1.called 2.first 3.However 4.traditional 5.a 6.because 7.himself 8.Western 9.in 10.fighting
课件15张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（一） 名词【中考考点】
(1)正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。
(2)掌握可数名词复数的构成。
(3)掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。1. 概述
不可数名词:不能直接用数字计数的词。分为 (表示构成世界万物的物质或材料名称的词,如water, wood, milk等) 和 (表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称的词,如fun, happiness, health等)。必须牢记的不可数名词:?考点一 不可数名词物质名词抽象名词2.不可数名词的量化表达
(1)借助some, much, little, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等来表示。如:much water, some orange juice, a little milk
(2)借助容器来表示。如:一杯咖啡 ,十袋米 ?
(3)借助计量单位来表示。如:一张纸 ,一片面包 ?a cup of coffeeten bags of ricea piece of papera slice of bread3.既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既可用作可数名词,又可用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:
chicken—鸡(可数), 鸡肉(不可数)
room—房间(可数), 空间(不可数)
fish—鱼(可数), 鱼肉(不可数)
glass—玻璃杯(可数), 玻璃(不可数)
paper—试卷,报纸(可数), 纸张(不可数)
time—倍数,次数(可数), 时间(不可数)
work—作品(可数), 工作(不可数)
experience—经历(可数), 经验(不可数)考点二 可数名词（续表）（续表）【巧学妙记】 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词复数,有生命的加-es:黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)。3.名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成
(1)名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面的名词变为复数。如:many apple trees, boy students。
(2)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数。如:men teachers, women doctors。4.集体名词的数
(1)集体名词是由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family, class, team等,它们虽以单数形式出现,但表示复数意义。若它们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。
My family are watching TV.
我的家人正在看电视。
My family is a happy one.
我家是一个幸福的家庭。1.构成
(1)有生命的名词的所有格的构成方法:
①一般情况下在名词后加“'s”。
迈克的小汽车 ?
我妈妈的生日 ?
②以s结尾的复数名词只加“'”。
教师节 ?
③不以s结尾的复数名词,直接在词尾加“'s”。
妇女节 ?
儿童节 ?考点三 不可数名词(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of+表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。
我们教室的一张照片 ?
_______________
一张中国地图 ?Mike's car; my mother's birthdayTeachers' DayWomen's DayChildren's Day a picture/photo of our
classroom;a map of China【注意】 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用“'s”构成所有格。
今天的报纸 ?
世界人口 ?today's newspapertoday's the world's population2.特殊用法
(1)表示一件东西为两人或多人共有时,只需在最后一个名词后加“'s”,后面所跟名词用单数;表示各自所有时,则需在每个名词后加“'s”,后面所跟名词用复数。
莉莉和露西共有的房间 ?
莉莉和露西各自的房间 ?
(2)表示“某人家” “店铺”“诊所”等处所。
在李雷家 at Li Lei's
在诊所 ?
在药店 at the chemist's
(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分,结构为“of+名词所有格” 或 “of+名词性物主代词”。
我父亲的一本书 ?
我的一个朋友 a friend of mineLily and Lucy's roomLily's and Lucy's roomsat the doctor'sa book of my father's见Word版资源 语法专题01 名词/ 语法专题（二） 冠词 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用适当的冠词填空
1. old lady in brown is university professor.?
2. monkey can climb trees.?
3.—What's matter with you??
—I have fever.?
4.There is bridge over there. bridge is made of wood.?
5.This is useful book. I've read it for hour.?
6.Teachers always tell us to try to be honest student today and useful man tomorrow.?
7.—Look at skirt. I bought it for my mother on Mother's Day.?
—What nice skirt!?
8.—Who is boy in red??
—It's friend of Tom's. He plays piano very well.?
9. doctor told him to take medicine three times day.?
10.Which is bigger, sun or earth??
11. Blacks are planning to go on vacation.?
12.Washington is capital of USA.?
13.What important news!?
14.Mary usually goes to work by bike, but this morning she took taxi to school.?
15. best student in my class was ill in hospital.?
Ⅱ.用合适的冠词补全短文
1. old gentleman whose eyesight(视力)was falling came to stay in a hotel room with 2. bottle of wine(酒) in each hand.On the wall there was 3. fly which he mistook for a nail(钉子).So as soon as he hung them on, the bottles fell broken and the wine split all over the floor.?
When a waitress discovered what had happened, she felt really sorry for him and wanted to give him 4. hand.?
So 5. next morning when he was out taking 6. walk in the garden, she put a nail on the wall exactly where the fly had stayed.?
Now the old man entered his 7. room. 8. smell of the split wine reminded him of the accident.When he looked up at the wall, he found the fly was there again! He walked to it carefully and hit it with all his strength.?
On hearing a loud cry, 9. waitress rushed in. To her great 10. surprise, the poor old man was there sitting on the floor, his face was pale and a lot of blood was running on his right hand. ?
Ⅲ.[2018·娄底改编] 语法填空
Lily was a single mother who lived with her little son. She lost her job two years ago and they lived 1. very hard life. Her heart was 2. (break) every time her son asked, “Can I have some more bread, Mommy?”?
One day, When her son asked 3. same question again, she bought some food with her only 5 dollars and cooked a big meal for him at home. Lily was a shy mother, but she was strong-minded. She used to love writing, so she decided 4. (write) some articles for magazines to make money.?
Things went 5. (well) than before. Thanks to some free 6. (vegetable) provided by the local food bank, her son had more to eat. Once he told Lily that the dishes she made 7. (be) very delicious. Suddenly, an idea came to Lily's mind, “8. not share my recipes(食谱) on the Internet?” She did so. Many people liked her recipes and she became popular.?
Soon after that, Lily wrote a book on 9. (cook) and got much money from it. Finally, she had a good sleep for the 10. (one) night during the two years. Now Lily lives happily, but she'll never forget the days when she worked hard for a good life.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.The; a 2.The; / 3.the; a 4.a; The 5.a; an 6.an; a 7.the; a 8.the; a; the 9.The; the; a
10.the; the 11.The 12.the; the 13./ 14./; a 15.The; /
Ⅱ.1.An 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.the 6.a 7./ 8.The 9.the 10./
Ⅲ.1.a 2.broken 3.the 4.to write 5.better 6.vegetables 7.were 8.Why 9.cooking 10.first
课件12张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（二） 冠词【中考考点】
(1)定冠词the的基本使用规则和常见的习惯用法。
(2)不定冠词a和an的基本使用规则和常见的习惯用法。
(3)零冠词的基本使用规则和常见的习惯用法。1. 常见用法考点一 定冠词the的用法The sun is far away from the earth.
太阳离地球很远。
The first passage is as difficult as the last one.
第一篇文章和最后一篇一样难。
This mooncake is the nicest of all.
这块月饼是所有月饼中最好吃的。
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.
老虎正面临着灭绝的危险。
The Greens are watching TV at the moment.
格林一家现在正在看电视。
The new is to take the place of the old.
新事物将会替代旧事物。
Do you like playing the guitar?
你喜欢弹吉他吗?I saw a film last night.The film is very interesting.
昨天晚上我看了一部电影。这部电影非常有趣。
The bag on the desk isn't mine.
书桌上的那个书包不是我的。【巧学妙记】
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
某些专有名,习语及乐器2.用于某些习惯用语中
in the sky在天空中
同时?
all the time 总;一直
in the end 最后;终于
in the morning/afternoon/evening
在上午/下午/晚上
all (the) year round 一年到头
仍然;依然?
in the middle of… 在……的中间
顺便问/说一句?
在操场上?
during/in the night 在晚上/夜间
on the Internet 在网上
在户外?
the same as… 和……一样
看起来一样?
in the world 在世界上
在白天?
at the beginning of… 在……的开始
at the end of… 在……的末尾
在……的中心?at the same timeall the sameby the wayon the playgroundin the open airlook the sameduring/in the daytimein the centre of…[注意] 在某些短语中,有无定冠词意义不同。
in class 在课堂上,在上课
in the class 在班里
在他的房前(外面)?
在他房子的前部(内部)?
? 去上学
go to the school 到学校去
就寝?
go to the bed 走到床前
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院里 at table ?
at the table 在桌子旁边
at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里
in future 今后
in the future 在未来
next year 明年
the next year 第二年
by sea 乘船
在海边in front of his housein the front of his housego to schoolgo to bed在吃饭by the sea考点二 不定冠词a, an的用法1.常见用法There is a tree in front of my house.
我的房前有一棵树。
What an interesting picture it is!
多么有趣的一幅画啊!There is a map of China on the wall.
墙上有一张中国地图。
There is a boy and a girl in the classroom.
教室里有一个男孩和一个女孩。
I write to my penfriend once a month.
我每月给我的笔友写一封信。
My wish is to become a teacher when I grow up.
我的愿望就是长大后成为一名教师。
A bird can fly.
鸟会飞。2.用于某些固定搭配中
a few 一些;少数几个
a bit 一点儿
a lot of 许多,大量
a little 一点儿
a piece of 一片/块/张
have a cold 患感冒
have a meal 吃一顿饭
have a rest 休息一下
have a swim 游泳
have a walk 散步
a moment ago 刚才
just a minute 一会儿
in a moment 立刻;一会儿
in a hurry 匆忙地
after a while 片刻之后
take a seat 坐下
make a face 做鬼脸
give sb.a hand 帮助某人
go out for a walk 外出散步
take a message for sb. 为某人捎口信
have a good time 过得愉快;玩得高兴1.常见用法考点三 不用冠词的情况(也称作零冠词)Give me that pen, please.请把那支钢笔给我。
Milk is good for us.牛奶对我们有好处。
She had supper with us yesterday.It's a very good meal. 她昨天和我们吃的晚饭。那是一顿丰盛的晚餐。My brother likes to play basketball.
我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
It's Sunday today.今天是星期天。
He was born on June 12, 2011.
他出生于2011年6月12日。
Today is Father's Day.今天是父亲节。
Mr.Liu is our headmaster.刘先生是我们的校长。
English is one of the most important languages.
英语是最重要的语言之一。【巧学妙记】 下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭; 复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前; 颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。【注意】 (1)如果表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时,可加不定冠词。
Today I had a big breakfast.
今天我吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
(2)由festival组成的中国特有的节日前要加定冠词the。如:春节the Spring Festival,元宵节the Lantern Festival2.在某些固定词组中,名词前常不用冠词
at home在家 at school在上学
at work在上班 at once马上
on business出差 on foot 步行
on time按时,准时 on duty值日/班
in time及时 go to work去上班
on fire着火 listen to music听音乐
go to bed 上床睡觉 in space在太空
in hospital住院 in danger 处于危险中
in trouble有麻烦 at night在晚上
on show=on display展览
by air(plane)/ship/train/bus/bike
乘飞机/轮船/火车/公共汽车/骑自行车见Word版资源 语法专题02 冠词/ 语法专题（三） 代词 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Teachers are very patient with us when we ask (they) for help.?
2.—Do you know the children over there?
—Yes, (they) names are Mike and Jane.?
3.After chatting happily with the new student in my class, I gave her my QQ number and she gave me (she).?
4.For some students, their teachers' suggestions are more important than (that) of their parents'.?
5.—Excuse me, whose bag is it? I found it in the waiting room.
—Oh, it's (I).Thanks.?
6.I have a pet dog. (it) name is Xiaohua.?
7.Kids, help (you) to some fruit. It's good for your health.?
8.My son needs some colour paper. Have you got (some)??
9.To (we) surprise, he sold (he) house at such a low price.?
10.Please pass me those books, the (one) on the top shelf.?
11.Miss Smith, an American lady, has taught (we) English. ?
12.Please lend (you) English books to (he).?
13.It's a good habit of (we) to read something before going to bed.?
14.—Do you like watching ping-pong matches?
—Yes, and (I) favourite ping-pong player is Ma Long.?
15.It is Sunday. Let's relax and enjoy (we).?
Ⅱ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
neither each that who none something little some one other
1.There are many trees on side of the street.?
2.— iPad is this??
—I think it's Betty's. She is looking for it everywhere.
3.Do you have important to say for yourself??
4.The cars made in Germany are more expensive than made in Japan.?
5.—What would you like to drink, coffee or tea?
— . I prefer water, please.?
6.There are several books on the desk. But of them is English.?
7.Come on! The school bus is coming. We have time left.?
8.You can't go out without shoes.?
9.—Have you got a ticket?
—Yes, I've got .?
10.He is always ready to help .?
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.我父母都喜欢京剧胜过流行音乐。
my parents prefer Beijing Opera to pop music.?
2.今天的报纸上有什么有趣的内容吗?
Is there in today's newspaper??
3.苏珊不会独自去北京看2022冬奥会。要么她父亲要么她母亲陪她去。
Susan won't go to Beijing to watch the 2022 Winter Olympics. her parents will go with her.?
4.我去两家书店尝试(找)我想要的书,但都没有。
I tried two bookstores for the book I wanted, but them had it.?
5.一些爱好是令人兴奋的,其他的是令人放松的。
hobbies are exciting, and are relaxing.?
6.青少年足够大能去照顾他们自己了。
Teenagers are old enough to .?
7.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。
She could read at the age of four.?
8.对我来说,要把英语学好是很困难的。
very hard for learn English well.?
9.我有两个笔友。一个来自美国,另一个来自日本。
I have two pen friends. is from America, is from Japan.?
10.如果你明天要去参加汤姆的晚会,我也将去。
If you go to Tom's party tomorrow, .?
Ⅳ.语法填空
What will our world be like in 2050? A group of experts has made 1. (they) predictions about our life.?
2. is believed that we will have “clever” cars by 2050. We won't have so many accidents 3. they will probably be able to communicate with each other. Cars will slow down by 4. (they) or stop in dangerous situations.?
What's more we will never die! 5. (we) brains will be put onto computers and we can live forever. The computers of 6. future won't look like 7. (machine). They'll look like human.?
By 2050 there will be less 8. (pollute). The factories will be 9. (build) on the moon and other planets. We will be able to spend holidays on Mars and be back 10. spaceship in just a few days.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.them 2.their 3.hers 4.those 5.mine 6.Its 7.yourselves 8.any 9.our; his 10.ones
11.us 12.your; him 13.us 14.my 15.ourselves
Ⅱ.1.each 2.Whose 3.anything 4.those 5.Neither 6.none 7.little 8.any 9.one 10.others
Ⅲ.1.Both of 2.anything interesting 3.on her own; Either of 4.neither of 5.Some; others
6.look after themselves 7.by herself 8.It's; me to 9.One; the other 10.so will I
Ⅳ.1.their 2.It 3.because 4.themselves 5.Our 6.the 7.machines 8.pollution 9.built 10.by
课件27张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（三） 代词【中考考点】
(1)人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及用法。
(2)反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。
(3)不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。1.分类
人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表:考点一 人称代词meusyouyouhimsheitthey2.用法
【巧学妙记】
人称代词的主格和宾格;
人称代词有两格,分为主格和宾格;
主格句中作主语,宾语用的是宾格;
句首、动前用主格,动后介后用宾格。
You cannot eat your cake and have it.
鱼和熊掌,不可兼得。
Tell him to call back a little later.
告诉他过一会儿再打电话来。
—Who gave out the news?
谁把消息传出去的?
—It's I/me.是我。【拓展】 (1)几个人称代词并列时的次序(2)it的用法
①可代替前面提到过的事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。
This is a watch. It is new.
这是一块手表,它是新的。
②指时间、天气、距离等。
—How's the weather today?今天天气怎么样?
—It's sunny. 天气晴朗。
It's eight o'clock in the evening.
现在是晚上8点钟。
③可代替动词不定式作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。
It is+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.(it作形式主语)sb. find/think it+adj.+to do sth.(it作形式宾语)
Take it easy. (it用于固定句式中)
hard for me the homework on time.?
对我而言,按时完成作业是困难的。
We think it helpful a walk after supper.
我们认为晚饭后散步有益。
him three days to finish reading the book.读完那本书花了他三天时间。?It'sto finishto finishIt took考点二 物主代词1.分类
物主代词是用来表示所有关系的词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表:mineyourshisits2.用法
【巧学妙记】
形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家;
句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加;
名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往;
句子成分主表宾,后面名词不再加。[注意] (1)名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。
This is his computer.=This computer is his.
这是他的电脑。
(2)物主代词前不能再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰,如my book前面不能再加a。1.分类
反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表:考点三 反身代词myselfyourselvesitselfthemselves2.用法
(1)反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语),和句中的主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。
(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。
God helps those who help themselves.
天助自助者。
I am not feeling myself today.
我今天感觉不舒服。
Mary herself worked out the problem.
玛丽自己解决了这个问题。
I want to see Bob himself.
我想见鲍勃本人。3.固定搭配
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
随便吃/喝/用?
by oneself 单独地
过得愉快;玩得开心?
learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学
伤害某人自己?help oneself tocome to oneself 苏醒
say to oneself 心里想;自言自语
make oneself at home 别拘束
lose oneself in 沉迷于
look after oneself 照顾某人自己
dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneselfhurt oneself指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。指示代词有:考点四 指示代词1.this, that可用于电话用语中,this代表自己,that则代表对方
Hello! This is Jane.
你好!我是简。
Is that Mike?
你是迈克吗?
Who is that?
你是谁?2.it, one, that的用法区别
为了避免重复,可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词。但使用时应注意以下几点:
(1)it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况,代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。
She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting.
她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。
The food is delicious. I like it very much.
食物很可口,我很喜欢。考点四 指示代词
(2)one用于避免重复可数名词单数。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,也可以代替人;其复数形式为ones,所有格形式为one's, 如save one's life 拯救某人的生命, do one's best尽某人最大努力。
My sweater is very old. I'll buy a new one.
我的毛衣很旧了,我将买一件新的。
The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.绿色铅笔是你的,红色铅笔是我的。(3)that可以代替物,但不能代替人,它既可以代替可数名词单数,也可以代替不可数名词;其复数形式为those。
The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.
城市的人口比镇上的人口多很多。
The apples in the box are different from those on the table.
箱子里的苹果与桌子上的苹果不同。3.this, that, these, those的用法区别
this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that和those常指前面已经讲过的事物,有承上的作用。
I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.
我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。
He fell ill. That is why he didn't come.
他病了,那就是他没来的原因。
He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars.
他打碎了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。1.定义
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词称为不定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词或形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词:some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, a lot of, lots of以及some-, any-, no-, every-与-thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词。考点五 不定代词? of the players played really well. ?
没几个球员真正打得好。
If you've got any spare milk, could you give me ? ?
如果你有多余的牛奶,能否给我一点?
You have done very for us. ?
你几乎没为我们做什么事。a fewFewa littlelittle(2)some与any
①some和any都表示“一些”,可以指代人或其他可数的东西,也可代表不可数的东西,可用作主语、宾语等。some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。
②在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。
Would you like ? ?
你想来点儿茶吗?
Will you please get for me??
请你帮我弄点儿水好吗?
(3)(the)other, (the)others与another
①other泛指“另外的”,不能单独使用,后接名词复数。
②others相当于“other+可数名词复数”,泛指其他的人或物。
③the other(+可数名词单数)指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one…, and the other…”结构。
④the others相当于“the other+可数名词复数”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。some teasome water⑤another 泛指“三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个”。
Do you have any other ideas?
你有别的想法吗?
I have two brothers. is a doctor, and is a teacher.?
我有两个兄弟。一个是医生,另一个是教师。
He is always ready to help .?
他总是乐于助人。
Five of them are in the classroom.What about ??
他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢?
Don't lose heart.Have try.?
别灰心,再试一次。Onethe othersothersthe othersanother[注意] ①以some和any开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)
②修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。
Is there in today's newspaper??
今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗?
③复合不定代词作主语时视为第三人称单数。如:
Nobody his name. ?
没有人知道他的名字。anything importantknows(6)either与neither
either意为“两者中的任何一个”;neither意为“两者都不”。二者在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
—Will you go there by bus or by bike?
你将乘公交车还是骑自行车去那里?
—Neither.I will go there by car.
都不,我将乘小汽车去那里。
Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen?
你们两个谁知道我在哪儿能够买到这种钢笔?
(8)many与much
many表示“很多人或东西”,代表可数名词;much表示“好多”,可代表不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语等。
Many of the mistakes were just careless.错误中有很多是粗心造成的。
I have no time to do much. 我没有时间做很多的事。
(9)all与both
all指“三者或三者以上的人或物都”;both指“两个人
或物都”。all和both在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
I know all of the four British students in their school.他们学校的四名英国学生我都认识。
—Would you like this one or that one? 你要这个还是那个?
—Both. 两个都要。考点六 疑问代词1.who与whom
who可作主语、表语或宾语;whom只能作宾语。
Who put the light out before I finished my homework?
谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了?
Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble?
当你处于困境中时,通常向谁求助?2.what与which
what泛指“哪一类”;which常在具体的范围内进行选择,意为“哪一个”。
What colour do you like?
你喜欢什么颜色?
Which colour do you like better, pink or purple?
粉红色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一种?见Word版资源 语法专题03 代词/ 语法专题（四） 数词 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Meimei is going to be an elder sister. Her parents are planning to have their (two) child.?
2.The environment here is becoming better and better. (thousand) of birds are coming back.?
3.He climbed so fast that he reached the (nine) floor in two minutes.?
4.—Where were you born, Michael?
—I was born in a small village with only three (hundred) people.?
5.The Internet appeared in the late (twenty) century.?
6.Thanksgiving Day is on the (four) Thursday in November.?
7.Linda's first book came out in her (thirty).?
8.Please turn to page and take a look at the picture. (five)?
9.November is the (eleven) month of the year.?
10.The survey, carried out in that university, shows that three (five) of the teachers wear glasses.?
11.Father's Day is on the (three) Sunday of June.?
12.Tomorrow is my sister's (eighteen) birthday.?
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示填单词
1.December is the (第十二) month of the year. ?
2.Today is the boy's (第九) birthday. His mother makes him a big cake.?
3.The old man began to learn to drive a car (在他五十岁时).?
4.In our city, about (四分之三) of people can get (两千) yuan a month.?
5.There are (数百) of people in the hall. ?
6.My parents were born (20世纪60年代).?
7.My first class starts at (七点五十分).?
8.Mr Brown looks very happy today. Because (百分之九十) of the students have already come to (他的第70个生日) party.?
Ⅲ.[2018·湖州] 语法填空
A better town for teenagers
I believe there are many things that we can do to make life in our town a lot better for teenagers.
First of all, I think more bike lanes should 1. (build). A lot of teenagers in my town bike everywhere, 2. it's very dangerous because there is a lot of traffic. If there are more bike lanes in the future, it will be much 3. (safe) for us.?
4. (two), I believe that we need more places for teenagers to go to. 5. my opinion, teenagers won't cause problems in the street if there are more places for us to go to. So we need more 6. (club) and other places where we can meet.?
Thirdly, teenagers here need more sports facilities. There 7. (be) some places to play ball games so far like tennis and basketball, but what about other sports, 8. skating and rollerblading? ?
Finally, I'm sure we'll make the town better 9. we don't drop the litter. If we all do something 10. (help) now, our town will be much better for everyone in the future.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.second 2.Thousands 3.ninth 4.hundred 5.twentieth 6.fourth 7.thirties 8.five; fifth
9.eleventh 10.fifths 11.third 12.eighteenth
Ⅱ.1.twelfth 2.ninth 3.in his fifties 4.three fourths; two thousand 5.hundreds of
6.in the 1960s 7.ten to eight/seven fifty 8.ninety percent/90%; his seventieth birthday
Ⅲ.1.be built 2.but 3.safer 4.Secondly 5.In 6.clubs 7.have been 8.like 9.if 10.to help/helpful
课件8张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（四） 数词【中考考点】
(1)数词的构成。
(2)数词的表达方式及用法。1.基数词的构成
(1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。
(2)13—19是个位数加-teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen, 15—fifteen, 18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以-ty结尾。如:20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。
(4)“几十几”要加连字符“-”。如:48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。考点一 数词的构成(5)“几百几十”或者“几百几十几”在“百”后加and。如:156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine等。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后勿忘“and”。
如:3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten;
94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;
274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty等。2.序数词的构成
(1)“第一”、“第二”、“第三”分别是 first, second, third。
(2)“第四”到“第十九”除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加“-th”构成序数词。如:fourth等。
(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加“-eth”。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth等。
(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。
(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变个位数。如:twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first等。【巧学妙记】
基变序,有规律,
一、二、三特殊记, first, second, third,
从四开始加-th, 八去t,九去e,
五和十二变ve为f,再加-th,
整十变y为ie,再加-th,
若想表示第几十几,只变个位就可以。考点二 数词的表达方式March 12, 2016 2016年3月12日
one third 三分之一
two thirds 三分之二
five (o'clock) 5点钟
five past seven 7点5分
twenty to eight 7点40分
Page 62/the sixty-second page 第62页
in the 1970s 在20世纪70年代
in his forties 在他四十多岁时1.hundred, thousand, million前有基数词修饰时,表示确数,其后不加“-s”,也不与of连用;但表示“数百、数千、数百万”这样的概数时,后面加“-s”,并与of连用。
There are two hundred people in the hall.
大厅里有200人。
Thousands of people go to the beach every year.
每年有成千上万的人到海滨去。
Millions of people in the world are sending and receiving e-mails every day.
每天世界上有数百万人在收发邮件。
2.序数词前加不定冠词a,表示“再一,又一”。
I'll have to do it a second time.
我必须再做一次。(已经做过一次)考点三 数词的注意事项见Word版资源 语法专题04 数词/ 语法专题（五） 介词和介词短语
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.选择适当的介词填空
1.Mary is flying to France (in/on) the morning of July 2 and will arrive (at/in) Paris at 10 a.m.?
2.I have been in China (since/for) 2007.?
3.How I miss my parents! I intend to return home (in/after) a month.?
4.Look out! It's dangerous to walk (across/through) the road.?
5.The River Danube runs (through/past) ten European countries.?
6.It is important (of/for) us to make full use of time.?
7.It's a good idea to offer the old books (for/to) the children who need them.?
8.Taiwan is (in/on/to) the southeast of China.?
9.Last Sunday, a group of pupils talked happily (with/in) a loud voice as they went to the countryside (on/by) their bikes.?
10.At school, we learn some other subjects (except/but/besides) English.?
Ⅱ.用适当的介词填空
1. a sports fan, my brother is looking forward the 2020 Olympic Games in Japan.?
2.Tim is going to give his father a surprise Father's Day.?
3.You can improve your English reading more.?
4.I like flowers, and I hope to study at a school many flowers and trees in it.?
5.My cousin usually gets up half past six.?
6.The “teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams teachers. Students must be honest.?
7.Teenagers sixteen are not allowed to drive.?
8.John is standing Lucy and Lily.?
9.—What did you get your birthday, Tony??
—An Apple watch my aunt.?
10.Welcome our store. We have all types skirts all colours.?
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.我们应该严于律己,宽以待人。
We should ourselves and friendly others.?
2.尽管老教授反对我的观点,但是他没有想出自己的观点。
Although the old professor was my opinion, he didn't his own.?
3.糖果含糖太多,对我们的牙齿有害。
Sweets have too much sugar and our teeth.?
4.科比的孩子为他感到自豪。
Kobe's children him.?
5.我朋友怎么了?好久没收到她的来信了。
What happened my friend? I haven't her for long.?
6.无锡因水著名,也曾因水而困。
Wuxi its water but it once had trouble because of water. ?
7.我们学校对面的书店总是挤满了学生。
The bookstore our school is always students.?
8.在老师的帮助下,我对英语感兴趣了。
my teacher, I became English.?
9.在某些方面,我和我妹妹完全不同。
In some ways, I am quite my sister.?
10.现在的孩子过于依赖父母。
Children these days their parents too much.?
Ⅳ.语法填空
In ancient China, people didn't respect dogs. One reason is that most people were farmers at that time. Experts believe dogs were less important 1. horses and cows in helping people 2. their daily work.?
Compared with other animals, dogs depend more 3. human beings and often follow their owner's orders. This 4. (make) them seem like they should be looked down upon.?
But today, with more Chinese people keeping dogs as pets, caring for dogs and 5. (share) pictures of them are part of the owner's lives.?
Many young people enjoy being 6. (call) like a dog, such as the phrase “single dog”. They think their lives are a bit like dogs', which is a way to make fun of themselves.?
In 7. (west) countries, people see dogs very differently. They treat dogs as friends or even family members. Hunting(捕猎) was 8. important part of life in Europe and later became a popular form of entertainment. People would use dogs 9. (find) and catch animals.?
Some 10. (saying) in English show how dogs are respected: Love me, love my dog; as faithful as a dog; work like a dog.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.on; in 2.since 3.in 4.across 5.through 6.for 7.to 8.in 9.in; on 10.besides
Ⅱ.1.As; to 2.on 3.by 4.with 5.at 6.without 7.under 8.between 9.for; from 10.to; of; in
Ⅲ.1.be strict with; to 2.against; think of 3.are bad for 4.are proud of/take pride in 5.to; heard from
is famous for 7.across from; full of/filled with 8.With the help of; interested in
9.different from 10.depend on
Ⅳ.1.than 2.with 3.on 4.makes 5.sharing 6.called 7.Western 8.an 9.to find 10.sayings
课件13张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（五） 介词和介词短语【中考考点】
(1)表示时间、地点、方位、方式的介词的基本用法。
(2)一些易混介词的辨析及介词短语的运用。考点一 表示时间的介词It often rains July. 七月份经常下雨。?
She was born the morning of May 10th.?
她出生于五月十日的早晨。
We left 2 o'clock.?
我们是两点钟离开的。inonat2.after/in
(1)“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在……时刻之后”,常用于过去时。
He said that he would be here 5:00.?他说他五点钟之后会来这儿。
(2)“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时。
My mother is coming back from England about a month.
我妈妈大约一个月以后从英国回来。afterin3.by/until
(1)by表示到某时为止动作已经完成,常用于完成时。
Can you repair my bike Saturday? ?周六之前你能修好我的自行车吗?
(2)until表示动作持续到某一时刻。
We must work here ten o'clock.?我们必须一直在这里工作到十点钟。
4.since/for
(1)“since+(具体时刻/that从句)”表示“自从……起(一直到现在)”。
Uncle Li has worked in this factory 2000.?
李叔叔自从2000年起就在这家工厂工作了。
(2)“for+(一段时间)”表示“有……之久”。
Uncle Li has worked in this factory over 10 years.
李叔叔已经在这家工厂工作十多年了。??byuntilsincefor考点二 表示地点或方位的介词1.at/in/on
(1)at 用于小地点前。
(2)in用于大地点前。
(3)on表示“在……上面(有接触面)”。3.between/among
(1)between表示“在两者之间”。
Don't sit the two girls.?
不要坐在这两个女孩中间。
(2)among表示“在三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。
The village lies hills.这个村庄坐落在群山之间。?4.across/through
(1)across强调从表面穿过。
Go the bridge, and you will find the park.?
穿过这座桥,你就会找到公园。
(2)through强调从空间内部穿过。
The river runs the city.?
这条河流经这座城市。betweenamongacrossthrough5.over/above
(1)over强调在某一物体的正上方,其反义词为under。
There is a bridge the river.
河上有座桥。?
(2)above强调在上方,但不一定是正上方,其反义词为below。
We were flying the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。?6.in front of/in the front of
(1)in front of表示在某一空间外部的前面。
There is a big tree the house.?
房子前面有一棵大树。
(2)in the front of表示在某一空间内部的前面。
There is a big desk our classroom.?
我们教室的前面有一张大桌子。overabovein front ofin the front ofWe won our match that team.?
我们在比赛中赢了那个队。
The desk is the wall.?
书桌靠墙放着。考点三 常见介词的用法I go to school bus.?我乘坐公共汽车去上学。
Do you go that supermarket? ?
你路过那家超市吗?
The students are examined one one.?
学生们一个挨一个地接受检查。
My mother bought a present me.?
我妈妈给我买了一份礼物。
We set off New York.?我们动身去纽约。
She stayed there a week.?她在那里待了一周。
Many teenagers live their parents.?
许多青少年和他们的父母生活在一起。
I sat down on the chair holes in it.?
我坐在那把有孔的椅子上。againstagainstbybybyforforforwithwith在家 at home
在学校 at school
在工作 ?
立刻 at once
在晚上 at night
在一年中不好的时节
at a bad time of the year
在……的尽头 at the end of
在……的开始 at the beginning of
到达 arrive in (at)
同意某人 agree with sb. 考点四 含有介词的重点短语at work以……开始 ?
擅长…… be good at
对……有害处 be bad for
充满 be full of
确信 be sure of/about
习惯于…… ?
对某人要求严格 be strict with sb.
对某事要求严格 be strict in sth.
忙于做某事 be busy with sth.
迟到 be late for
生某人的气 be angry with sb.
对某人感到满意 be pleased withbegin/start withbe used to对……感兴趣 be interested in
与……不同 ?
对……感到自豪 be proud of
对……感到厌烦 be tired of
赶上 catch up with
依靠 depend on
在……方面做得好 do well in
用……充满/装满…… fill…with…
与……相处 ?
听说 ?
收到……的来信 ?
在某方面帮助某人 help sb. with sth.在……的前面(外部) in front of
在……的前面(内部) in the front of
在户外;在野外 in the open air
最后,终于 in the end
及时 ?
匆忙,急忙 in a hurry
在阳光下 ?
事实上 in fact
处于困境中 in trouble
看 look at
寻找 look for
照顾,照看 look after/take care ofbe different fromget on/along withhear ofhear fromin timein the sun期待 look forward to
嘲笑 ?
动身去某处 ?
与……交朋友 make friends with
在某人回家的路上 on one's way home
展出 ?
究竟,到底 on earth
在……顶部 on the top of
另一方面 on the other hand
值日;值班 on duty
步行 ?laugh atleave foron show/displayon foot见Word版资源 语法专题05 介词和介词短语/ 语法专题（六） 形容词和副词 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
high, interest, comfortable, friend, heavy, sleep, patient, bad, hot, lucky
1.The radio says it'll be even tomorrow.?
2.I don't want to go to Mrs Brown's store. It has the things in town.?
3.He is a pop star. He is helpful and .?
4.—How was your trip?
—It was . We had a good time.?
5.Don't go out now. It is raining .?
6.Although he listened to the old man , he could hardly understand his words.?
7.It is said that Hangzhou is the third city to live in China.?
8. , they were not badly hurt in the car accident.?
9.On hearing the exciting news, I was too excited to fall .?
10.No mountain in the world is as as Qomolangma.?
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示填单词
1.I didn't hear the phone because it was too (吵闹的) in the supermarket.?
2.Of all the subjects, chemistry seems to be the (难的) for me.?
3.He is a blind boy, but he can look after his (日常的) life.?
4.When they felt (无助的) after the flood, the charity offered them food and clothes.?
5.Most people travel to (北部的) cities for their summer holidays.?
6.The boy (几乎不) surfs the Internet on weekends.?
7.The old should be spoken to (礼貌地).?
8.My friend Tim is the (最滑稽的) person that I've ever known.?
9.The people in the village now are much (更富有).?
10.Lucy lives on a healthy diet. She (很少) has sweet snacks.?
11.The Belt and Road Initiative is (广泛地) accepted in the world.?
12.It's noisy here. I need a much (安静的) place to study.?
Ⅲ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Look! How (slow) Sandy is running! What's wrong??
2.What an (excite) junior high school life we're having!?
3.The children look and they are playing football .(happy)?
4.—Have you seen the movie Dangal(《摔跤吧,爸爸》)?
—Yes. I think it is (good) movie I have ever seen.?
5.The Dongting Lake is the second (big) fresh-water lake in China.?
6.With the help of Jack, Mary works out the maths problem (easy).?
7.To keep healthy, you need to eat (little) meat and more vegetables.?
8.Peng Mama is one of (beautiful) first ladies in the world.?
9.Lingling did her homework so (care) that she made too many mistakes.?
10.Of all the students, he draws (badly).?
11.The Yellow River is the second (long) river in China.?
12.Bob is (outgoing) than his sister.?
13.Mr Dean was (thank) to the policeman who had helped his kids arrive safely.?
14.To complete the work, he drank some coffee to keep himself (wake). ?
15.It seems (possible) for the Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese.?
Ⅳ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.许多男生认为科学没有英语难。
Many boy students think science isn't English.?
2.他太累了说不出一句话。
He is say a word.?
3.你说得越多,你的英语就会越好。
you speak, your English will be.?
4.每个人都对这则令人吃惊的消息感到惊讶。
Everyone was at this piece of news.?
5.李老师说得尽可能清楚来使他的学生理解他。
Mrs Li speaks she can to make her students understand her.?
6.在雪天登山是很危险的。
It a mountain on snowy days.?
7.如今,在线支付使得我们的生活越来越方便。Nowadays, online payment makes our lives
convenient.?
8.他是我们班最帅的男孩之一。
He is one of the in our class.?
9.彼得说英文比玛丽好多了。
Peter speaks English Mary.?
10.这个老人独居,因此他觉得很孤独。
The old man lives , so he feels .?
11.你笑得越多,就会感到越幸福。
The you , the you will feel.?
12.我们在观看游戏节目的时候,不应该抱着太认真的态度。
We shouldn't take these game shows while watching them.?
13.春天来的时候,天气越来越暖和。
It gets when spring comes.?
Ⅴ.语法填空
If you visit the animal shelter(收容所) in Salinas, California, you'll see huge signs that have a picture of a dog and a cat on them. These signs are put in front of the shelter to catch 1. (people) attention. The signs make people interested 2. the shelter and encourage them to visit it and maybe even take a cat or a dog into their homes.?
Each year, the Salinas shelter accepts 3. (thousand) of dogs and cats. The animals are either lost ones 4. left by people who can't take care of them. Of all the animals, some of 5. (they) are taken into new homes. Some others are moved to other shelters. And, unluckily, some cannot 6. (save) because they are too sick or are thought to be dangerous.?
Animal shelters provide food, medicine, and safe places for animals. But they are not 7. (good) homes. The animals stay in small cages(笼子). The people 8. work at the shelters do everything they can to care for the animals, but the animals can not always get the attention or exercise they need.?
9. (prevent) animals from becoming homeless, pet owners should take good care of their pets. Most pet doctors also suggest people make sure their pets have a special surgery(外科手术). It prevents animals 10. having more babies. And that reduces the number of homeless animals.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.hotter 2.worst 3.friendly 4.interesting 5.heavily 6.patiently
7.most comfortable 8.Luckily 9.asleep 10.high
Ⅱ.1.noisy 2.most difficult 3.daily 4.helpless 5.northern 6.hardly 7.politely 8.funniest
9.richer 10.seldom 11.widely 12.quieter
Ⅲ.1.slowly 2.exciting 3.happy; happily 4.the best 5.biggest 6.easily 7.less
8.the most beautiful 9.carelessly 10.worst 11.longest 12.more outgoing
13.thankful 14.awake 15.impossible
Ⅳ.1.as/so difficult/hard as 2.too tired to 3.The more; the better 4.surprised; surprising
as clearly as 6.is dangerous to climb 7.more and more 8.most handsome boys
9.much better than 10.alone; lonely 11.more; smile; happier 12.too seriously 13.warmer and warmer
Ⅴ.1.people's 2.in 3.thousands 4.or 5.them 6.be saved 7.the best
8.who/that 9.To prevent 10.from
课件15张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（六） 形容词和副词【中考考点】
(1)形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的构成规则、基本句型及用法。
(2)形容词作表语和定语的用法。
(3)副词作状语的用法。考点一 形容词1.形容词的功能
(1)用作定语
①单个形容词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前面。
She is a good girl.
她是一个好女孩儿。
②形容词作定语修饰不定代词时,要放在不定代词的后面。
There is nothing important.
没有什么重要的事情。③enough作形容词修饰名词时,放在被修饰的名词的前后均可。
We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here.
我们有足够的钱可以买这里的每一本书。
④“基数词-可数名词单数-形容词”为复合形容词,放在被修饰的名词的前面。
Tom is an eight-year-old boy.
汤姆是一个八岁的男孩。(2)形容词作表语时,与连系动词构成系表结构。
The meal is delicious.
这顿饭很美味。
(3)形容词作宾语补足语时,用来说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。
I found the book interesting.
我发现这本书很有趣。
2.多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)→描绘性形容词(大小、长短、形状、长幼、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料)→名词。
a famous American medical college
一所著名的美国医学院3.形容词的常用句式
(1)“It's+adj.+of+sb.+不定式.”表示“某人做某事是……的”。
[注意] 在这一句型中,常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等。
(2)“It's+adj.+for+sb.+不定式.”表示“对某人来说,做某事是……的”。
[注意] 在这一句型中,常用描述某事性质的形容词,如important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。考点二 副词1.副词的一般用法
(1)用作状语。
He speaks English . ?
他英语说得非常好。
(2)用作表语。主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词。
I'll be back in five minutes. 我五分钟后回来。
(3)用作定语。通常情况下,副词用作定语时,总是放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
The people there are very friendly.
那儿的人很友好。very well2.副词的位置
(1)副词通常放在被修饰的动词的后面。
(2)句中有多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。1.规则变化
(1)一般在词尾直接加-er或-est。如:
tall—taller—tallest, long— —____________________
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,在词尾直接加-r或-st。如:
nice—nicer—nicest, large— —____________________
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-est。如:
heavy—heavier—heaviest, busy—busier—busiest,
funny— —____________________考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级longerlongestlargerlargestfunnierfunniest(4)在重读闭音节中,若末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母,再加-er或-est。如:
big—bigger—biggest, hot—hotter—hottest,
thin— — , ?
fat—fatter—fattest
(5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如:
slowly— — ,?
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautifulthinnerthinnestmore slowlymost slowly2.不规则变化
good/well—better—best,
many/much—more—most,
bad/badly—worse—worst,
little— — ,?
far—farther/further—farthest/furthestlessleast1.原级的用法
(1)只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, so, too等。
The old man is to walk on.?
那位老人太累了,不能再继续走了。
(2)原级常用的句型结构
①“as+形容词/副词原级+as”表示“……和……程度相同”。
Lucy is as old as Kate.
露西和凯特的年龄一样大。
Tom runs Mike.?
汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。考点四 形容词和副词比较等级的用法too tired②“not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as” 表示“不如……那样……”。
This classroom is that one.?
这间教室不如那间大。
He doesn't walk as slowly as you.
他走得不如你走得慢。not as/so big asas fast as2.比较级常用的句型结构
(1)“A+be/v.+比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围内的其他任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“A最……”。
Xiaoming is taller than in his class.?
=Xiaoming is taller than (any of) the other boys in his class.
小明比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。
=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.
小明是他班上最高的男孩。(2)“A+be/v.+the+比较级+of the two+其他”表示“A是两者中较……的”。
Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is
the two. 看那两个男孩,小明是两个当中较高的那个。?
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
He is getting .?
他越来越高了。
He does his homework more and more carefully.
他做作业越来越认真了。any other boythe taller oftaller and taller(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
you work, your grades will be.?
你学习越努力,你的成绩就会越好。
(5)“特殊疑问词+be/v.+比较级,A or B?”表示“……更……,A还是B?”。
Which is bigger, the blue ball or the red one?
哪一个球更大,蓝球还是红球?
【注意】 比较级前可用much, even, a little, a bit, a lot, far等词修饰。The harderthe better3.最高级常用句型结构
(1)“主语+be/v.+the+最高级(+可数名词单数)+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。 如:
Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.
汤姆是他班上最高的(学生)。
I jump in our class.?
我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)“主语+be/v.+one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
Beijing is in China.?
北京是中国最大的城市之一。(the) farthestone of the biggest cities(3)“特殊疑问词+be/v.+the+最高级,A,B or C?”表示“……最……,A,B还是C?”。
Which season do you like , spring, ?summer or autumn?
你最喜欢哪个季节,春天、夏天还是秋天?
(4)“主语+be/v.+the+序数词+最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语”表示“……是……中的第几……”。
Tom is boy in his class.?
汤姆是他班上第二高的男生。best/(the) mostthe second tallest疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。常见的有when, where, how, why等。
(1)when用来提问动作发生或状态存在的时间。
—When did you take up chess?
你何时学下国际象棋的?
—At the age of nine.在九岁的时候。
(2)where用来提问动作发生或状态存在的地点。
—Where are you going for your holiday?
你要去哪里度假?
—To Thailand.去泰国。考点五 疑问副词的用法(3)how用来提问动作发生的方式或方法、所存在状态的具体情形。
—How do you usually go to work?
你通常怎样去上班?
—I usually take the underground.我通常坐地铁。
(4)why用来提问动作发生或状态存在的原因。
—Why did you feel so sad this morning?
今天早上你为什么那么伤心?
—Because I lost my wallet on my way to the shop.
因为我在去商店的路上丢了我的钱包。见Word版资源 语法专题06 形容词和副词/ 语法专题（七） 动词的时态和语态 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次
sell lie hear provide be
1.Tony on the sofa watching TV when Betty called him last night.?
2.Last week, the old books to raise money for the poor children.?
3.Tom from his cousin several times in the past three months.?
4.There a parents' meeting in two weeks.?
5.The hotel always good service for tourists.?
Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.He (save) up about 10,000 yuan already.?
2.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother often (take) me to the park at weekends.?
3.The famous writer was invited to give a speech. He (take) a plane to Beijing in two days.?
4.Please don't make so much noise. The baby (sleep).?
5.If it (not rain) this Sunday, we will have a picnic.?
6.Everything (change) in my home town since 1999.Now it (look) more beautiful.?
7.When I arrived home yesterday evening, my little brother (play) with his toy.?
8.Paper first (create) about 2,000 years ago in China.?
9.It's said that one more library (build) in our city next year.?
10.—What's the meaning of the activity “Let's Save”?
—Paper shouldn't (waste) in everyday life.?
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.自从他去年到这儿以来,他已经交了很多朋友。
He many friends he came here last year.?
2.小孩不允许坐在汽车的前座。
Children to sit in the front seat of the car.?
3.应该好好照顾老人。
Old people good care of.?
4.快点,否则我们将错过篮球比赛。
Hurry up, or we the basketball match.?
5.她一到达北京,就将给她父母打电话。
She her parents as soon as she Beijing.?
6.昨天当我们正在教室里大声交谈时校长突然进来了。
We loudly in the classroom yesterday when our head teacher .?
7.我的爷爷已经死了两年了,但我仍然记着他。
My grandfather for two years, but I still him.?
8.这个小女孩的声音听起来很甜美。
The little girl's voice very .?
9.如果明天不下雨你将要干什么?
What are you going if it tomorrow??
10.去年我花费大部分的业余时间为校队打篮球。
I most of my free time for my school team last year.?
Ⅳ.语法填空
At 9:00 am yesterday, Bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man 1. (lie) on the side of the road. A woman next to him was shouting for help. ?
The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus 2. thinking twice. He got off and asked the woman 3. happened. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr Wang knew he had to act 4. (quick). He told the passengers 5. he must take the man to the hospital. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off 6. wait for the next bus. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped Mr Wang to move the man onto the bus.?
Thanks to Mr Wang and the passengers, the man 7. (save) by the doctors in time. “It's sad that many people don't want to help others because they 8. (not) want any trouble,” 9. (say) one passenger. “But the driver didn't think about 10. (he). He only thought about saving a life.”?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.was lying 2.were sold 3.has heard
4.will/is going to be 5.provides
Ⅱ.1.has saved 2.took 3.will take 4.is sleeping
5.doesn't rain 6.has changed; looks 7.was playing
8.was; created 9.will be built 10.be wasted
Ⅲ.1.has made; since 2.aren't allowed 3.should be taken
4.will miss 5.will call; reaches 6.were talking; came in
7.has been dead; remember 8.sounds; sweet
9.to do; doesn't rain 10.spent; playing basketball
Ⅳ.1.lying 2.without 3.what 4.quickly 5.that 6.and
7.was saved 8.don't 9.says 10.himself
课件29张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（七）
动词的时态和语态【中考考点】
(1)动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。
(2)动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。
(3)动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。
(4)动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。· 动词的时态 1.一般现在时的结构及用法
(1)结构: 主语+be/v.+其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。)
动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:
①直接加-s。如:work→works
②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es。如:carry→carries, cry→cries, try→tries, study→studies
③以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加-es。如:
wash→washes, teach→teaches, go→goes, pass→passes, fix→fixes
④特殊:have→has, be→is考点一 一般现在时(2)用法:
①表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作,常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。
②表示普遍真理或客观事实。
The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
③表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
④在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow. 如果我妈妈明天有空的话,我将和她一起去购物。2.一般现在时的疑问句和否定句Do you see the bird in the tree?
你看见树上的那只鸟了吗?考点二 一般过去时1.一般过去时的用法及标志词
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 2016等表示过去的时间状语连用。2.一般过去时的疑问句和否定句Were most people too busy making a living in early times?在早期,大部分人忙着谋生吗?
Modern soccer didn't become official until 1863.
直到1863年,现代足球才成为官方运动。
Did you have any problems on your journey?
你在旅途中有困难吗?3.动词过去式的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed。如:
watch→watched
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词加-d。如:
live→lived
(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:study→studied, carry→carried, cry→cried
(4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如:
stop→stopped, plan→planned, prefer→preferred
(5)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。1.一般将来时的结构及用法
(1)结构:助动词shall/will+动词原形
be going to+动词原形
(2)用法:
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有 later (on), soon, in a month(in+时间段), next time, from now on, tomorrow等。
I shall be eighteen years old next year.
明年我就18岁了。
②表示某种必然的趋势。
Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死亡。 考点三 一般将来时[注意] will引导的将来时表示事情没有经过事先计划而即将发生,be going to引导的将来时表示事情经过事先计划、考虑或打算而即将发生。
They will arrive here tomorrow morning.
明天早晨他们将抵达这里。
I'm going to see a film this afternoon.
今天下午我打算去看电影。2.一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
Don't worry.You won't be late.
不用担心,你不会迟到的。
Will you leave for Beijing next week?
下周你要动身去北京吗?
When are you going to visit your grandparents?
你打算什么时候去看望你的(外)祖父母?过去将来时的结构及用法
(1)结构: would+动词原形
was/were+going to+动词原形
(2)用法: 表示从过去的某一时刻看将要发生的动作。
His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.
他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。
[注意] 在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时,那么if引导的从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
如果他在这里,他就会向我们展示该如何做。考点四 过去将来时1.现在进行时的结构及用法
(1)结构: am/is/are+v.-ing形式
(2)用法:
①表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用的时间状语有 now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen等起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。
Are you writing a letter to your friend now?
你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?
Listen! She is singing in the next room.
听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。考点五 现在进行时②表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作。
We are planting trees these days.
这些天我们在植树。
③表示位移的动词用于进行时态,表示将要发生的动作。此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.
他们明天下午将动身去英国。2.现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
Mary is listening to music in the next room now.
玛丽现在正在隔壁房间听音乐。
Jack isn't playing football now.
杰克现在没有踢足球。
Is Mike playing the piano in the room now?
迈克现在正在房间里弹钢琴吗?3.现在分词的变化规则
(1)一般情况下直接在动词后加-ing。如:
play→playing
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing。如:
come→coming, make→making, live→living
(3)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。如:
run→running, sit→sitting, begin→beginning
(4)特殊:die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying1.过去进行时的结构、用法及常用的时间状语
(1)结构: was/were+v.-ing形式
(2)用法: 过去进行时表示在过去某一时间点或某一时间段内正在发生(进行)的动作。
Jack fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.杰克骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。
They were building a large house last week.
上周他们一直在建一所大房子。考点六 过去进行时(3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday等。
What were you doing at ten o'clock last night?
你昨晚十点钟在做什么? 2.过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句
Jack wasn't studying at 9:00 yesterday morning.
昨天上午9点,杰克没有在学习。
Were you working all the weekend?
你整个周末都在工作吗?1.现在完成时的结构及用法
(1)结构: have/has+动词的过去分词
(动词的过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化规则相同,有些特殊变化的动词需单独记忆。)
(2)用法:
①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等词或短语连用。
I the film already. ?
我已经看过这部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了)
②表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”,“since+从句(一般过去时)”,“for+时间段”及how long, (ever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。
We've planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去的几年里,我们种了成千上万棵树。
So far there no bad news.?
到目前为止还没有什么坏消息。考点七 现在完成时have seenhas been2.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在造成的影响就不用现在完成时。
I saw the movie yesterday.
昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)
I have already seen the film.
我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止已看过这部电影了)3.延续性动词
在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。
I have had the book for two days.
这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought)
I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.
我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to)
常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词:
①have arrived at/in sp., have got to/reached sp., have come/gone/moved to sp.→have been in sp.
②have become→have been
③have got up→have been up
④have died→ ?have been deadhave been away from sp.have been overhave been onhave kept4.have been to, have gone to和have been in的区别
have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。
—Where is Mrs. Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿?
—She isn't here. She has gone to England.
她不在这儿,她去英格兰了。过去完成时的结构及用法
(1)结构: had+动词的过去分词
(2)用法:
①表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”。常以by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句作为前提。
My teacher said she had never been to London.
我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。
When the police arrived, the thieves . ?
当警察到达时,小偷们已经逃跑了。考点八 过去完成时had run away②表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现在完成时一样,过去完成时也常与 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
When Jack arrived, he learned Mary ? for almost an hour.
当杰克到达时,他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。had been away· 动词的语态 被动语态的结构
(1)一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词
(2)一般过去时: 主语+was/were+动词的过去分词
(3)一般将来时: 主语+will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词
(4)现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词
(5)现在完成时: 主语+have/has+been+动词的过去分词
(6)过去进行时: 主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词
(7)过去完成时: 主语+had been+动词的过去分词
(8)过去将来时: 主语+would be+动词的过去分词
(9)含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词考点一 被动语态的构成【注意】 使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,主动语态中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动语态时,要还原to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。
被动语态:
A stranger was seen into the building.?to walk1.英语中有很多动词,如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
This kind of cloth .?
这种布料很好洗。
[注意] 主动语态强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:
The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门,表示“门没有锁”是人的原因)考点二 某些动词的主动形式表达被动意义washes well2.不及物动词和动词短语,如happen, last, take place, come out, come true, run out 等,常以主动形式表达被动意义。
How do the newspapers come out?
这些报纸是如何出版的呢?
3.系动词没有被动形式。
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来合理。4.下列结构中的v.-ing是主动形式表达被动意义。
(1)need, require作“需要”讲时,其后常跟动名词形式。但当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式。
The bike needs mending.
这辆自行车需要修理。
Our classroom needs to be cleaned.
我们的教室需要打扫。
(2)be worth doing sth.值得做某事
The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。见Word版资源 语法专题07 动词的时态和语态/ 语法专题（八） 系动词和情态动词 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空,必要时使用否定形式
1.This pair of glasses be Tony's. He's the only one who wears glasses in our class.?
2.Mr Smith be at home. He has gone to Hong Kong.?
3.When you are travelling, bring a map because it help you.?
4.You be polite to your teachers.?
5.—Must I hand in my book report today, Mr Brown?
—No, you . The book report is due in two weeks.?
6.A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.?
7.—May we leave the classroom now?
—No, you . You aren't allowed to leave until the bell rings.?
8.You telephone him now. You can call him later. ?
9.You smoke while you're walking around in the woods. You could start a fire.?
10.—Could I ride an electric bicycle to school, Mr Wang?
—No, you . Students under the age of 16 aren't allowed to ride electric bicycles.?
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.下次你应该更小心些。
You more careful next time. ?
2.应该从小教孩子遵守规章制度。
The children to follow the rules from a young age.?
3.走了这么长的路,他们一定饿了。
They hungry after such a long walk.?
4.对于你的看法我恐怕无法苟同。
I'm afraid I on your opinion.?
5.奶酪尝起来不新鲜,扔掉吧!
The cheese fresh. Throw it away!?
6.必须阻止工厂向江河湖泊排放污水。
Factories from pouring polluted water into rivers and lakes.?
7.丝绸制成的围巾摸起来非常柔软。
The scarf silk very .?
8.我们的国家变得越来越强大了。
Our country is and .?
9.秋天到了,树上的叶子开始变黄,然后变棕。
Leaves on the trees start , and then brown when fall comes.?
10.这首曲子听起来多么奇妙呀!
this piece of music !?
Ⅲ.语法填空
High school is coming with wishes and hopes! Do you want to make any changes in high school? Share your high school resolutions 1. us.?
Wang Yeqing
I will learn to play the piano in high school. I 2. not into it until I saw my neighbour playing it on my 3. (twelve) birthday. She was so elegant (优雅的) 4. she was playing the piano. I want to be as elegant 5. her.?
Zhang Chenxi
I want to get good grades in the coming high school entrance exam. Maths is my 6. (poor) subject of all. I will spend two more hours 7. (improve) it in the new high school every day.?
Huang Wenjie
Kangaroos are my favourite animals. My parents said they 8. (plan) a family trip to Australia if I became one of the top ten 9. (student) of my grade. So in high school, I will be working 10. (real) hard because the kangaroos are waiting for me on the other side of the world!?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.must 2.can't 3.may 4.should 5.needn't 6.can
7.mustn't 8.needn't 9.mustn't 10.can't
Ⅱ.1.should be 2.should be taught 3.must be
4.can't agree 5.doesn't taste
6.must be prevented/stopped/kept 7.made of; feels; soft
8.getting/becoming stronger; stronger 9.turning yellow
10.How wonderful; sounds
Ⅲ.1.with 2.was 3.twelfth 4.when/while 5.as
6.poorest 7.improving 8.would plan 9.students
10.really
课件12张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（八）
系动词和情态动词【中考考点】
(1)系动词be, look, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法。
(2)含情态动词can, must, need, may等的基本句型结构及用法。系动词不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,称作“系表结构”,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。
常见的系动词:be(是), look(看起来), (似乎), appear(显得), (摸起来), become(变得), get(变得), sound(听起来), (闻起来), taste(尝起来), turn(变得), grow(渐渐变得), keep/stay(保持), remain(保持不变)等。 考点一 系动词seemfeelsmell考点二 情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等含义,但其本身词义不完全,不能独立作谓语,必须和动词原形连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not (have to除外)。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would)等。
1.can,could和be able to的用法
(1)can表示能力、可能性、允许等意义。could是can的过去式。
Anybody can make mistakes.任何人都可能犯错误。
You can park your car here.你可以把车停在这里。(2)could也可表示现在,用于婉转地提出请求、建议等,回答时用can。
—Could you tell me the way to the hospital? 你能告诉我去医院的路吗?
—Of course I can.当然可以。
(3)can与be able to的区别
can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,而be able to可用于任何时态。
He was able to flee to Europe before the war broke out.
战争爆发前,他成功地逃到了欧洲。2.may和might的用法
(1)表示允许或请求,might比may语气更为委婉;might通常用于疑问句中。
—Might I come in? 我可以进来吗?
—Yes, of course you may.当然可以。
(2)表示没有把握的推测时,might表示的可能性更小。
The child may be home already.
那个孩子可能已经到家了。
She might win the prize.她有可能得奖。
(3)may放在句首,表示祝愿。
May you be happy.祝你开心。3.must的用法
must 意为“必须,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为必须做某事,命令、要求别人做某事以及对事情的肯定推测。
(1)must 和 have to 的区别
must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。
I must do my homework first.我必须先做家庭作业。
It is raining hard outside, so I stay at home. 外面雨下得很大,所以我不得不待在家里。
(2)must提问的答语
①肯定回答:Yes, 主语+must.
—Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须回家。
②否定回答:No, 主语+needn't./No, 主语+don't/doesn't have to.
—Must I go home now? 我必须现在回家吗?
—No, you . 不,你不必。??have toneedn't/don't have to4.need的用法
(1)need 表示“需要”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要,不必”;用need 提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用 needn't。
—Need we do some cleaning now?
我们需要现在大扫除吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn't.
是的,你们必须。/不,你们不必。
(2)need 还可作实义动词,常用于“need to do sth.”结构。
I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多。5.shall和should的用法
shall 用于第一人称的句子中,表示提建议或请求; should用于各种人称的句子中,强调义务或责任。
we go out for a walk??
我们出去散步好吗?(建议)
You should study hard at school.
你们在学校应该努力学习。(劝告)Shall6.will和would的用法
will用于第二人称的疑问句时,表示征求意见或提建议。would 为 will 的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿。
Will you have a little soup? 你要不要喝点汤?
7.归纳:情态动词表推测的用法
(1)肯定句中一般用must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许),其中,must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。
The book must be hers. Her name is on it.
这本书一定是她的,她的名字在上面。
He must be running.他一定在跑步。
They may know the way to the library.
他们可能知道去图书馆的路。(2)否定句中一般用can't/couldn't(不可能)。
That man can't be Mr. Li, because he has gone to London.那个人不可能是李老师,因为他去伦敦了。
(3)疑问句中用can/could(能)。
—Can the red sweater be Tom's?
这件红毛衣会是汤姆的吗?
—No, it can't. He can't stand red.
不,不可能。他不能忍受红色。
【注意】 在表示婉转地提出请求、想法、建议等或用于疑问句及否定句中表示惊讶、不相信等时,might和could不是may和can的过去式。见Word版资源 语法专题08 系动词和情态动词/语法专题（九） 非谓语动词 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
turn have laugh help call
1.I can't help when I watch the funny cartoon Tom and Jerry.?
2.How kind you are! You always do what you can me.?
3.It's too hot. Would you mind my on the air conditioner??
4.We've worked so long. Shall we stop a rest??
5.Do you like the monthly magazine Wisdom??
Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Excuse me, would you please tell me where (buy) a digital camera??
2.Let's (not make) a noise. Someone is sleeping.?
3.—Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to Fun Times Park?
— (get) there, just go along this street and turn left at the third crossing.?
4.You must not cross the street without (wait) for the traffic lights to turn green.?
5.She often makes her little brother (cry), but she was made (cry) by him this morning.?
6.—I often hear the little girl (practise) playing the piano in the next room.?
—Listen! Can't you hear her (play) the piano??
7. (listen) to music is a good way to relax.?
8.—Your hair is too long.
—Haha. I just want to have my hair (cut) this afternoon.?
9.—What do you think of the new comer?
—She is easy (get) along with. ?
10.There was something wrong with his car. He had his car (repair).?
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.保持健康对我们是很重要的。
It is very important for us healthy. ?
2.为了提高口语,我们应该课上课下练习说英语。
We should English both in and out of class our spoken English.?
3.由于明天的学校郊游,南希太兴奋了而睡不着。
Nancy is asleep because of the school trip tomorrow.?
4.戴眼镜的那位女老师中等身材。
The woman teacher is of medium build. ?
5.我父母经常告诉我不要吃垃圾食品。
My parents often tell junk food.?
6.你最好是勇敢面对挑战而不是逃避。
You'd better challenges bravely instead of them. ?
7.“你想到河里游泳吗,汤姆?”
“不,我们的老师总是告诉我们不要一个人到河里去游泳。”
—Would you like in the river, Tom??
—No, our teachers always tell us in the river alone.?
8.那名医生尽其所能来挽救那位病人的生命。
The doctor did what he could the patient's life.?
9.在梦里我总是有非常艰苦的工作要做。
In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs .?
10.当你出去的时候不要忘了关门,莉莉。
Don't the door when you go out, Lily.?
Ⅳ.语法填空
Danny is short and thin. Of all the boys around he is the 1. (thin) kid. So he 2. (call) Bones(骨头) by his friends. He talks more and laughs louder than anyone. However, he is always unhappy because he is not good 3. sports. ?
One day, Danny watched the 4. (man) marathon(马拉松) on TV. The runners needn't go fast and they just ran on and on. They didn't have big muscles. They were more like Danny. He decided to have a try. “Boy, it's better 5. (do) a little bit each day,” advised his mum. The next day, Danny started his practice. From then on he kept on training 6. the park every morning.?
The race day 7. (come). There were 109 runners and they were all bigger than Danny. They all started fast. Danny tried to keep up with 8. (they). But he fell farther and farther behind. Halfway someone got tired. Danny passed a big guy with muscles like footballs. 9. (sudden) he felt like a switch (开关) had been turned on. He passed another one, then 10. third one…All the runners were breathing hard and looked tired except Danny. It looked like he could run forever. At that time he didn't see the crowds or hear them cheering. He just ran and ran. At last he raised his arms, like a champion(冠军) as he crossed the finishing line.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.laughing 2.to help 3.turning 4.to have 5.called
Ⅱ.1.to buy 2.not make 3.To get 4.waiting 5.cry; to cry 6.practise; playing
7.Listening 8.cut 9.to get 10.repaired
Ⅲ.1.to keep 2.practise speaking; to improve 3.too excited to fall 4.wearing/with glasses
me not to eat 6.face; running away from 7.to go swimming; not to swim 8.to save
9.to do 10.forget to close
Ⅳ.1.thinnest 2.is called 3.at 4.men's 5.to do 6.in 7.came 8.them 9.Suddenly 10.a
课件14张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（九） 非谓语动词【中考考点】
(1)动词不定式的用法。
(2)动名词的用法。
(3)分词的用法。动词不定式有两种,即带to的不定式(to+动词原形)和不带to的不定式。
【注意】 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,其否定结构为“not to do”。 考点一 动词不定式1.作主语
[常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式)置于句末。]
常用句型结构:It's+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
=It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。
2.作宾语
(1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love等。
I hope there before dark. ?
我希望天黑之前到那儿。
(2)在think, find, make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(不定式)移至形容词之后,构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。
I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我发现解决这个问题很难。to get3.作宾语补足语
(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有 tell, ask, allow, want, help, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage等。
The teacher told us Exercise 1.?
老师告诉我们做练习一。
(2)使役动词let, make, have等和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但是,当上述动词变为被动语态时,其后的不定式必须加上to。
We often hear her sing.
我们经常听见她唱歌。
被动语态: She is often heard to sing.to do4.作状语
动词不定式在句中常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生将去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)
5.作定语
动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定语。
I don't have a partner to practice English with.
我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。
6.作表语
Their duty is the animals. ?
他们的职责是照看动物。to look after/take care of7. “疑问词+不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
He doesn't know . ?
他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语)what to wear考点二 动名词动名词一般由“动词原形+-ing”构成,与现在分词同形。动名词既具有动词的性质,也具有名词的性质。
1.作主语
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。
Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
玩电脑游戏太多对你的眼睛有害。2.作宾语
常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有 enjoy, finish, consider(考虑), miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, can't help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can't stop, keep/stop…from, look forward to, put off, have fun等。
Have you finished the book??
你看完这本书了吗?
3.作表语
The nurse's job is the patients.?
护士的工作是照顾病人。readinglooking after/taking care of4.作定语
I often go to the . ?我经常去阅览室。
【注意】 有些动词后既可接不定式又可接v.-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意义不同。常见短语：
(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.-ing形式作宾语)
(2)try to do sth. 试图(企图)做某事;尽力做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
(3)forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还没做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
(4)remember to do sth.记着去做某事(还没做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事
go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事
(6)sth. need doing某事需要做(被动含义)
need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主动含义)
reading room考点三 分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.-ing)有主动、进行之意;过去分词(v.-ed)有被动、完成之意。
1.作定语
China is a country. America is a country. 中国是发展中国家,美国是发达国家。?
I know the boy called Li Ming.
我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
2.作表语
The book is interesting. I'm interested in it.
这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。developingdeveloped3.作宾语补足语
I saw her going upstairs.
我看见她正在上楼。
I want to have some photos taken.
我想拍几张照片。
4.作状语
Laughing and talking, they went into the room.
他们有说有笑地走进了房间。5.现在分词与过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。
a moving film 一部感人的电影
the moved people 被感动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country 发达国家6.易混结构
使役动词(make, keep, let, have等)易混结构的区分。如:have sb. doing sth. 与have sth. done 的区别:
(1)have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”, doing这个动作具有持续性。
The teacher had the boys standing for an hour.
老师让男生们站了一小时。
(2)have sth. done 意为“让某人做某事”,相当于ask sb.to do sth., done 表示让他人完成,有被动之意。
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
昨天我让人修理了一下我的电脑。见Word版资源 语法专题09 非谓语动词/ 语法专题（十） 常考动词词组 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
wake up catch up with wait for make sure grow up
turn down take up put off work out look after
1.He ran so fast that nobody could him.?
2.The desk too much space in my bedroom, so I will move it away.?
3.Would you please your MP3 a little? Your baby sister is sleeping.?
4.High technology was used in EURO 2016 the matches are fair enough in France.?
5. , Sue! Time for school.?
6.I didn't catch the early bus and I had to the next one.?
7.My neighbour, a warm-hearted woman, my pet dogs while I was out for a holiday.?
8.The school sports meeting will because of the heavy rain.?
9.I want to be a scientist like Tu Youyou when I .?
10.Miss Li helped me this maths problem.?
Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
1.They heard the party was (put) off because of the exam.?
2.The boy is sleeping. Please (turn) off the radio.?
3.The old man (give) away his money to the charity before he died.?
4.The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never (use) up.?
5.I (look) after his children while he was in hospital.?
6.My teacher helped me (solve) the problem.?
7.[2018·安顺] The 2020 Winter Olympics (take) place in Beijing, China. ?
8.[2018·安顺] As soon as she reached Guizhou, Sara (fall) in love with it. ?
9.[2018·安顺] Listen! It (sound) like a girl is singing next door. ?
10.Many teenagers (look) up to those space heroes and hope to become astronauts like them.?
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.上周末我的父母熬夜看《人民的名义》。
My parents to see In the Name of People last weekend.?
2.不要骑得太快,戴维。想想发生事故的风险。
Don't ride too fast, David. the risk of an accident.?
3.飞机将在一小时后起飞。
The plane will in an hour.?
4.现在几乎每所大学都有一个网站,该网站允许我们浏览它的相关信息。
Almost every university now has a website which allows us to the information about it.?
5.去年暑假我父母带我参观了北京大学。
My parents me Peking University last summer holiday.?
6.你的玩具到处都是。琳达,请把它们收拾起来。
Your toys are here and there. Please , Linda.?
7.我盼望收到你们所有人的来信。
I look forward to all of you.?
8.不要放弃,终有一天你会成功。
Don't , and you'll succeed one day.?
9.别为我担心,我会没事的。
Don't me. I'll be all right.?
10.有些人认为机器人将会取代人类的地位。
Some people think that robots will human beings.?
Ⅳ.语法填空
Once upon a time there lived a poor farmer called Smith. He didn't like to share things 1. others. Smith had a friend 2. was famous for the wonderful apples he grew.?
One day, his friend gave Smith a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was 3. (please) with the gift, but when he got home, he did not know where 4. (plant) it.?
He thought and thought. Finally at night he planted the tree in his woods where no one could see it. But 5. (with) sunlight or good soil(土壤), the tree soon died.?
Later the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such 6. poor place. “What's the difference?” the farmer said 7. (angry). “If I had planted it near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted it in one of my 8. (field), my neighbours would have come at night and stolen some of the apples. If I had planted it near my house, my own children would have 9. (take) the fruit.”?
“Yes,” said the friend, “but at 10. (little) someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only have got nothing, but also have destroyed a good apple tree.”?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.catch up with 2.takes up 3.turn down 4.to make sure 5.Wake up 6.wait for
7.looked after 8.be put off 9.grow up 10.work out
Ⅱ.1.put 2.turn 3.gave 4.be used 5.looked 6.(to) solve 7.will take 8.fell 9.sounds 10.look
Ⅲ.1.stayed up 2.Think about 3.take off 4.look through
showed; around 6.put them away 7.hearing from 8.give up
9.worry about 10.take the place of
Ⅳ.1.with 2.who/that 3.pleased 4.to plant 5.without
6.a 7.angrily 8.fields 9.taken 10.least
课件9张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（十） 常考动词词组【中考考点】
(1)动词词组的构成形式。
(2)中考常考的动词词组。1.动词+副词:常见的有take off, write down, hand in, fix up等。如果这类动词词组的宾语是名词,既可放在副词前面,又可放在副词后面;如果宾语是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面。
Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。
Hand it in.把它交上来。
2.动词+介词:常见的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, laugh at, hear of, lead to, wait for等。
3.动词+名词:常见的有have fun, play sports, take place等。这类动词词组相当于不及物动词。
This story took place three years ago.这个故事发生在三年前。
4.动词+副词+介词:常见的有look down upon, go on with, add up to, catch up with, do well in, run out of等。
5.动词+名词+介词:常见的有take care of, pay attention to等。考点一 动词词组的构成考点二 常考的动词词组1.belong to 属于
begin with 以……开始
be used for 用来……
be used to 习惯于……
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be supposed to 被期望/应该……
be made in 在……生产/制造
由……制成?2. 实现?
cheer up 使高兴起来
come out 花开;发芽;出现;出来;出版;发表
come over 过来;顺便来访
来吧;加油;赶快?
clean up 把……打扫干净
come up with 提出,想出
catch up with 追上,赶上be made of/fromcome truecome on3.do one's best 尽某人最大努力
在……方面做得好?
do one's homework 做作业
do some reading 阅读
dream of 梦想
dress up 装扮4.get on 上车
到达?
回来;取回?
get off 下车
与……相处融洽?
get married 结婚
give out 分发
give away 赠送
give up 放弃do well inget toget backget on/along well with5.have a look 看一看
吃晚餐?
have a rest 休息
have sports 进行体育活动
have a cold 感冒
have a good time 过得愉快
have a headache 头痛
尝试;努力?6.look for 寻找
look out 留神,注意
look up 向上看,抬头看;查阅
look after 照顾,照看
look at 看
看起来像?
look the same 看起来一样
look forward to 盼望,期待have supper/dinnerhave a trylook like7.make friends 交朋友
make phone calls 打电话
make a noise 制造噪音
做鬼脸?
make room for 给……腾出地方
make a decision 做决定
make a mistake 犯错误
下定决心?
make a living 谋生
make progress 取得进步
make it 按时到达,做成某事
make a difference 起作用,有影响make a face/make facesmake up one's mind8.put on 上演;穿上;戴上
put up 挂起;举起
put down 把……放下来
把……收起来?
put off 推迟
put out 扑灭,熄灭
pick up 捡起
pass on 传递
pay for 为……付款
provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.
向某人提供某物
pay attention to关注,注意 put away9.take off 脱掉;起飞
take photos 照相
take out 取出
take a seat 坐下
参加?
take care of 照顾,照料
take exercise 做运动
take one's place 坐某人的位置,代替某人的职务
依次,轮流?
talk about 谈论
和……交谈?
turn on 打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等) 关闭(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)?
turn up 调高(音量)
turn down 调低(音量);拒绝
turn…over 把……翻过来
认为;想起?
think about 考虑
take place 发生
take after 与……相像
10.show sb. sth. 给某人看某物
show sb. around 带某人参观
take part intake turnstalk withturn offthink of见Word版资源 语法专题10 常考动词词组/ 语法专题（十一） 主谓一致 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
enjoy be do have carry come offer lookmove send
1.Neither Li Hua nor I well in writing.?
2.Look! The police the food onto the bank of the river.?
3.The singer and dancer very young although she is in her sixties.?
4.A library with five thousand books to the village as a gift last year.?
5.Tom as well as Sam from Australia.?
6.There some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.?
7.Not only you but also everyone here watching football matches.?
8.The smartphones were broken, so they back to the manufacturers(厂家).?
9.One of my friends to America last year. I miss her so much.?
10.He is the only one of the students who been a winner of scholarship for three years.?
Ⅱ.用括号中所给词的正确形式填空
1.Half of the students boys and half of the work finished.(be)?
2.Not only my parents but also my sister (be)crazy about the TV play In the Name of People.?
3.Doing eye exercises (be) one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.?
4.Nobody (like) to be criticized(批评).?
5.How time flies! Three years (be) really a short time.?
6.The number of the volunteers in our city 2,000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students.(be)?
7.Lisa and her friends (have) fun at the party right now.?
8.The sick (send) to the hospital at once after the accident.?
9.Two thirds of the apples (have) gone bad.?
10.Both my father and my mother (be) teachers in the past.?
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.不仅我,我妹妹也喜欢跳舞。
Not only I but also my sister . ?
2.Tom和Tim都没有看过这部电影。
Tom Tim the movie.?
3.我和朋友都喜爱诵读中国诗歌。我们每周都分享感受。
my friend I reading Chinese poems. We share our feelings every week.?
4.这几年杭州发生了很大的变化。
Great changes in Hangzhou over the years.?
5.这双鞋对我来说真得很小,我能再试一双吗?
This really small for me. May I try another pair??
6.如果每个人都遵守交通规则,那路上的事故将会更少。
If everyone the traffic rules, there fewer accidents on the road.?
7.我的一个最好的朋友已经去日本了,我非常想念他。
One of my best friends Japan. I miss him very much.?
8.看!一个女的和她的两个孩子正进入一辆黄色的小汽车。
Look! A woman with her two children into a yellow car.?
9.和朋友在泳池里游泳是非常有趣的。
in the pool with friends very .?
10.大家都已经看过这部电影了,除了汤姆和杰瑞。
Everyone except Tom and Jerry the film.?
Ⅳ.语法填空
When I was a child in kindergarten, I had to take a nap(小睡) every single day. It was 1. (probable) my least favourite thing about being in kindergarten.?
But now, as 2. adult, I love taking naps. Being able to relax and get some rest in the middle of the day is great! But attitudes toward naps 3. (be) quite different when comparing the US and China. ?
In the US, taking a nap in the middle of the day 4. (look) down upon. People 5. take naps are thought to be lazy. If you fall 6. (sleep) at work, you can even be fired. But in China people have a much more relaxing attitude toward taking naps 7. in the US.?
On the one hand, it is true that you spend less time 8. (work) if you take a nap. But on the other hand, having a short rest can help you work 9. (well). A good rest can improve your mood as well. 10. why not take a nap during lunch break and make the rest of the day more enjoyable??
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.do 2.are carrying 3.looks 4.was offered 5.comes 6.is 7.enjoys 8.were sent 9.moved 10.has
Ⅱ.1.are; is 2.is 3.is 4.likes 5.is 6.is; are 7.are having 8.were sent 9.have 10.were
Ⅲ.1.enjoys dancing 2.Neither; nor; has seen 3.Both; and; enjoy 4.have taken place
5.pair of shoes is 6.obeys; will be 7.has gone to 8.is getting
9.Swimming; is; interesting 10.has seen
Ⅳ.1.probably 2.an 3.are 4.is looked 5.who/that 6.asleep 7.than 8.working 9.better 10.So
课件13张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（十一） 主谓一致【中考考点】
(1)就近一致原则。
(2)意义一致原则。
(3)语法一致原则。就近一致原则就是谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单、复数。
1.由either…or…,neither…nor…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
Neither her parents nor she herself a bank clerk.?
她父母和她本人都不是银行职员。
Either my father or my mother on weekdays.?
在工作日,不是我爸爸做饭就是我妈妈做饭。考点一 就近一致原则iscooks2.当there be 句型中的主语是一系列事物时,谓语动词的数应与离其最近的主语保持一致。
There a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.?
书桌上有一支钢笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom.?
教室里有20名男生和23名女生。
3.在here引导的句子中,主语有不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常与离其最近的主语保持一致。isare考点二 意义一致原则1.有些集合名词,如family,class,team 等作主语时,若看作整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调其中的每个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
Mr.Smith's family a big one.?
史密斯先生家是一个大家庭。
Mr.Smith's family watching TV.?
史密斯先生一家人正在看电视。2.由all, either, neither, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时,若代表可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若代表可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
Now all been changed.?
现在所有的都变了。
All present.?
所有的都在这儿。isarehasare3.“分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/(a) part of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要由of后面的名词的数而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;名词是单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。
Lots of damage caused by fire.?
很多损失是由火灾引起的。
4.名词所有格之后的名词被省略,表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义,其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The doctor's across from the bank.?
诊所在银行对面。isis5.politics, physics, maths, the United States, news等词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The news very exciting.?
那则新闻非常令人兴奋。
Physics a bit difficult for me.?
物理对我来说有点儿难。6.表时间、距离、长度、价格、度量的词(短语)及动名词、动词不定式等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。加减乘除也常看作整体,谓语动词也用单数形式。
Fifty dollars enough.五十美元足够了。?isisis7.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of players from America.?
很多队员来自美国。
The number of the students in our class 50. ?
我们班学生的数量是五十。
8.形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数的名词,如people, police, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A lot of people dancing outside.?
很多人正在外面跳舞。
The police looking for the lost boy.?
警察正在寻找那个失踪的男孩。are/comeisareare9.“the+形容词”表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
10.“the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The Browns are cleaning the windows now.
布朗一家人现在正在擦窗户。考点三 语法一致原则1.由each以及some-, any-, no-, every-等构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of us an English book.?
我们每个人都有一本英语书。
everybody ready??
每个人都准备好了吗?
2.常以复数形式出现的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, shorts 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。hasis3.主语前面有pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/…等量词接of结构修饰时,谓语动词的数由量词的数决定。
There are three glasses of water on the table.桌上有三杯水。
The kind of food tastes great.这种食物尝起来不错。
4.由both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Both he and I are right.我和他都是对的。
5.and 连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物时,谓语动词用复数形式;若指的是同一个人或事物(即and 后面的名词前没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式。
The singer and writer is going to give a concert next week.
那位歌手兼作家将在下周举办一场音乐会。
The singer and the writer are both my good friends.
这位歌手和这位作家都是我的好朋友。6.主语后有with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as 等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数与它前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
老师和他的学生们将去参观博物馆。
7.可数名词单数或代词(第三人称单数)、不可数名词及动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为可数名词复数或代词(除第三人称单数以外的)时,谓语动词用复数形式。见Word版资源 语法专题11 主谓一致/ 语法专题（十二） 简单句 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.阅读下面句子,填入适当的词补全感叹句
1. exciting it is! Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier(国产航空母舰) in the water on April 26 in Dalian.?
2. valuable advice the teacher gave you!?
3. useful dictionary it is!?
4. the air in the countryside is!?
5. funny movie I saw last night!?
Ⅱ.根据句意,填入适当的词补全句子
1. forget to take your coat with you tomorrow.?
2. 31 days in May.?
3.— will the flowers be watered? ?
—Once a day.
4. seasons are there in Singapore in a year??
5.— have you had this dictionary??
—For one year.
6.—Hangzhou is really a comfortable city to live in.
— , and it's world-famous for the West Lake.?
7.— is the restaurant from the post office??
—It's about 5 minutes' ride.
8.—Mr. Black goes to work by car every day.
— Mr. Green.?
9.—I don't understand the story in the new unit. What about you, Bob?
— I.?
10.—It's Father's Day today, ??
—Yes, let's buy a gift for Dad.
Ⅲ.语法填空
One sheep, two sheep…632 sheep…still awake…
People always believe that counting sheep 1. (be) helpful to their sleep. But does it 2. (real) work??
Scientists at Oxford University tested it. Two sleep researchers looked at the people who had 3. (difficult) in sleeping. They divided them 4. different groups. Then they asked them to try all kinds of ways to help 5. (they) fall asleep quickly.?
Surprisingly, it took those who were asked to count sheep more time 6. (fall) asleep than those who weren't. But when they 7. (ask) imagine a relaxing picture—a beach, for example, they fell asleep about twenty minutes 8. (soon) than before, according to a report in The New York Times.?
“Sometimes, counting tasks are OK, 9. they are thought to be stressful by many people,” Dr. Richards told ABC News.?
“As 10. result, it may be a good way to try imagining colored fish slowly swimming in a river to help you sleep at night,” suggested Richards.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.How 2.What 3.What a 4.How fresh 5.What a
Ⅱ.1.Don't 2.There are 3.How often 4.How many 5.How long 6.So it is 7.How far 8.So does
9.Neither/Nor do 10.isn't it
Ⅲ.1.is 2.really 3.difficulty 4.into 5.themselves 6.to fall 7.were asked to 8.sooner 9.but 10.a
课件17张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（十二） 简单句【中考考点】
(1)陈述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。
(2)一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的结构及答语。
(3)由what和how引导的感叹句。
(4)倒装句的基本用法。陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。
1.陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型
(1)主语+系动词+表语
I am honored.
我很荣幸。
(2)主语+不及物动词
The students work very hard.
学生们学习很努力。
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语
I teach English.
我教英语。考点一 陈述句(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物)
能接双宾语的动词多数要在间接宾语前加to或for。
①加to的动词有 give, send, pass, take, bring, show, lend, sell等。
She sent me a present.
=She sent a present to me.
她寄给了我一份礼物。
②加for的动词有 buy, make, build, mend, cook等。
My father bought me a bike.
=My father bought a bike for me.
我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in class.
老师要求学生们上课认真听讲。2.陈述句的否定句式
(1)be动词+not
(2)情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形
I didn't get up at six o'clock this morning.
今天早上六点我没有起床。
(3)no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor…, none 等词构成否定句。
I can hardly believe his story.
我几乎不相信他的故事。
(4)think, believe, suppose 等词的否定前移的用法。
(5)“too…to…”结构本身具有否定含义。
She is too young to go to school.
她太小,还不能去上学。考点二 疑问句1.一般疑问句
(1)一般疑问句主要有三种结构:
①Be+主语+其他?
②助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
③情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?
(2)一般疑问句用yes或者no回答。(3)否定疑问句的答语
否定疑问句通常以“be动词/情态动词/助动词+not”的缩写形式开头,表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语形式和汉语表达习惯不同。
—Aren't you a student?
你不是一名学生吗?
— / ?
不,我是。/是的,我不是。Yes, I am. No, I'm not.2.特殊疑问句
常见的疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose; 常见的疑问副词有when, where, why, how。
特殊疑问句的构成:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?
【注意】 如果特殊疑问词在特殊疑问句中作主语,此特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句有两种:“一般疑问句+备选项”和“特殊疑问句+备选项”。
—Would you like some juice or tea?
你想要些果汁还是茶?
—Neither. 都不要。考点三 反意疑问句1.陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反:前肯后否、前否后肯。
Mary is a teacher, ??
玛丽是一名老师,不是吗?
He didn't tell you the story, ? ?
他没给你讲这个故事,是吗?isn't shedid he2.反意疑问句的基本对应形式如下:
(1)be动词对应be动词。
She is a policewoman, ??
她是一名警察,不是吗?
(2)情态动词对应情态动词。
He can drive a car, ? ?
他会开车,不是吗?
(3)行为动词对应助动词的相应形式。这种助动词主要指帮助构成疑问句或否定句的do, does, did等以及它们的否定形式。
He slept for 9 hours yesterday, ? ?
他昨天睡了9个小时,不是吗?
He didn't go to the park, ??
他没有去公园,是吗?isn't shecan't hedidn't hedid he3.特殊形式
(1)当陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词或形容词,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little 等,或含有表示否定意义的副词never, hardly, seldom时,附加疑问句要用肯定式。
Linda has never been to Beijing, ??
琳达从没去过北京,是吗?
She can hardly see the blackboard clearly, ??
她几乎看不清黑板上的字,是吗?
(2)祈使句的反意疑问句的附加疑问句部分用will you/won't you。
Open the window, ? ?
打开窗户好吗?
(3)陈述部分的谓语是used to时,附加疑问句部分用“didn't+主语”或“usedn't+主语”。
He used to go to bed late, didn't he/usedn't he?
他过去常常晚睡,不是吗?has shecan shewill you/won't you(4)陈述部分的主语是this, that时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是these, those时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。
This is a fantastic film, isn't it?
这是一部很棒的电影,不是吗?
(5)陈述部分是“there be”句型时,附加疑问句应用“be there”。
There is a wallet in your car, isn't there?
你的车里有一个钱包,不是吗?
(6)陈述部分是“let's do sth.” 时,附加疑问句用“shall we”。
Let's go somewhere interesting to relax ourselves, shall we?
让我们去一个有趣的地方放松一下,好吗?
(7)陈述部分是“ I am… ”时, 附加疑问句应用 “aren't I”。
I'm the first one to get here, aren't I?
我是第一个到达这里的,对吗?4.主从复合句的反意疑问句
陈述部分若为主从复合句,附加疑问句的主语通常与主句的主语一致。
She said he would come tomorrow, didn't she?
她说他明天会来,是吗?
[注意] 若主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine 等,附加疑问句的主语和谓语应与从句的主语和谓语保持一致。 (应特别注意否定前移。)
I don't think he is a good student, is he?
我认为他不是一个好学生,是吗?考点四 感叹句 a beautiful flower it is! ?
这是一朵多么漂亮的花啊!
good news it is! ?
多好的消息啊!
fast Jim runs! ?
吉姆跑得多快啊!WhatWhatHow考点五 祈使句Have a good holiday!
(祝你)假日愉快!
Be careful when you cross the road.
当你过马路时请当心。
Let's have a rest.
让我们休息一下吧。
No parking!
禁止停车!考点六 倒装句1.there be句型
there be 句型是一个典型的倒装句,它表示“某处有某物”,主语是be动词后面的名词。
a river near our school.?
我们学校附近有一条河。
2.以so/neither/nor开头的句子
倒装句“so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面的内容也适用于后者。
He has been to Dalian, and .?
他去过大连,我也去过。
John can't speak Japanese, and .?
约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。There isso have Ineither/nor can Helen3.副词位于句首时
当here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时需用完全倒装结构,其谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
[注意] 这种倒装结构的主语必须是名词,若主语是人称代词,则不能用完全倒装结构。
Here he comes.他来了。
Here you are.给你。
4.方位介词短语置于句首时
方位介词短语在倒装句中要整体前移。
On the right of my school is my house.
我家在我的学校的右面。见Word版资源 语法专题12 简单句/ 语法专题（十三） 宾语从句和定语从句 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词或关系词填空
1.—Do you know Lucy goes to school every day??
—By car.
2.—Could you tell me the train to Beijing will leave??
—Certainly. At 8:00 o'clock.
3.—Hey, you look worried. What's up?
—I'm not sure I can pass the exam or not.?
4.We want to know we can do to help them.?
5.—What kind of TV show do you prefer?
—I like the ones make me laugh.?
6.Tu Youyou is a scientist used the plant's special power to save millions of lives.?
7.A kind of shared bike is called Mobike is getting more and more popular in Ordos.?
8.According to a survey, those are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.?
9.—Could you tell me you came here yesterday??
—Yes. To take back my dictionary.
10.The TV program Readers is the most moving TV programme I have ever watched.?
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.I don't know (多少本书) the writer is going to donate.?
2.Can you remember (他长什么样) ten years ago??
3.My kid! I want to know (是否你已经取得了进步) this term. ?
4.Our geography teacher told us (地球围绕太阳转).?
5.Some people worry that (机器人会取代人类) in the future. ?
6.Yesterday Mr. Green visited the old house (他出生的).?
7.The man (昨天打电话的) wants to buy the house.?
8.I've lost the watch (我爸爸给我买的) on my last birthday.?
9.Alice prefers stories (短而有趣的).?
10.She often parks her car near the house (她轻易能到达的).?
Ⅲ.语法填空
Have you ever picked strawberries yourself? The sweet fruit looks nice, but light pressure can make them out of shape, so you have to be very 1. (care) when picking them. Nowadays, there 2. (be) many young people who are just like strawberries. They 3. (easy) break down when they face difficulties. There is a name for them—strawberry kids. ?
Why are many children so easy to break down? Many students are the only child in their family. Their parents do almost everything for 4. (they) in their daily life. They hardly ever get criticized(被批评) ?
5. home and always feel good about themselves. If these students are criticized strictly by teachers, they will feel upset and begin to doubt their own abilities. And schools? Many schools care more about 6. (student) grades instead of developing their personality. As a result, students get satisfying grades 7. they are not mentally(精神上地) strong enough. ?
Young people should learn how to make themselves mentally strong. An expert said, “Whenever you are in trouble, don't ask for help too quickly. You should try 8. (deal) with problems first by yourself. Take an active part 9. sports and social activities. That can help you become mentally strong.” ?
Growing up is not just a happy process. Pains also go along. 10. most important thing is to face the pains bravely and learn from them.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.how 2.when 3.whether 4.what 5.that 6.that/who 7.that/which 8.who 9.why 10.that
Ⅱ.1.how many books 2.what he looked like 3.if you have made progress
4.(that) the earth goes/travels/moves around the sun
5.robots will take the place of humans
6.which/that he was born in
7.that/who called yesterday
8.(that/which) my dad bought for me
9.which/that are short and funny
10.that/which she can easily get to
Ⅲ.1.careful 2.are 3.easily 4.them 5.at 6.students' 7.but 8.to deal 9.in 10.The
课件14张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（十三）
宾语从句和定语从句【中考考点】
(1)宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。
(2)宾语从句的简化形式。
(3)关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
(4)关系代词的特殊用法。1.在that 引导的宾语从句中,若是陈述句作宾语,that可以省略。
The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.
收音机报道说明天要下雨。
2.连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,从句要用陈述语序。
Could you tell me to you??
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?· 宾语从句考点一 引导词what he said3.whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语从句时,从句改用陈述语序。
I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei.?
我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。
[注意] 下列几种情况通常只用whether不用if:
(1)具有选择意义且又有or或or not,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether;
(2)介词之后用whether;
(3)不定式前用whether。if/whether考点二 时态1.当主句为现在时态时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
(1)I remember he me a book yesterday.?
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
(2)He has told me that he for New York tomorrow.?
他已经告诉我他明天就动身去纽约了。
2.当主句为过去时态时,从句要用相应的过去时态。
We asked what Jean was doing then.
我们问基恩那时正在做什么。
3.当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时,宾语从句要用一般现在时。
Our teacher told us light faster than sound.?
我们老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。gavewill leavetravels/goes考点三 语序1.陈述句改为宾语从句时,语序不变。
He is a good child. The teacher said.→The teacher said (that) he was a good child.
老师说他是个好孩子。
2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,语序改为陈述语序。
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether .?
我想知道他工作是否努力。
When did he leave?I don't know.→I don't know when he left.
我不知道他是什么时候离开的。he works hard【拓展】 宾语从句与简单句的转换
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。
I don't know what I should say.
→I don't know what .?
我不知道要说什么。to say· 定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that。考点一 关系代词的基本用法考点二 关系代词的特殊用法that和which都可以指代表示物的先行词。
1.下列情况只能用that
(1)先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。
All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.你要做的就是每天练习。
There isn't much (that) I can do.我能做的不多。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
The first lesson (that) I had will never be forgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我曾看过的最好的一部电影。
(3)先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等词修饰时。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。(4)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。
The white flower is the only one that I really like.
这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
This is the very book I want to read.?
这就是我想看的那本书。
(5)当主句是以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is standing over there?
站在那边的那个人是谁?
Which of us that know something about physics doesn't know this?
在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个?
(6)当先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and the things we could remember.?
我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。thatthat(7)time作先行词且前面有序数词或 last 修饰时,定语从句用 that 来引导(that可省略);如果没有序数词或 last 修饰时,既可用 when 也可用that来引导。
This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
The first time (that) I saw him was in 2015.
我第一次见到他是在2015年。2.下列情况只能用which
(1)关系代词作介词的宾语时,用“介词+which”结构。
This is the book for you ask.?
这是你要的书。
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,只能用which。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很感人,我已经读了三遍了。which考点三 关系副词的用法1.when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。
I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.?
我仍然记得第一次来北京的那天。
2.where 在从句中作状语,表示地点。
This is the factory I worked two years ago.这就是我两年前工作过的那个工厂。?
3.why在从句中作状语,表示原因。
I know the reason he came late. ?
我知道他来晚的原因。whenwherewhy见Word版资源 语法专题13 宾语从句和定语从句/ 语法专题（十四） 连词和状语从句 /
语法综合演练
Ⅰ.用适当的连词填空
1.—What have you learnt after three years' study in China, Maria?
—I was taught knowledge good manners.?
2.“A white elephant” means something that is useless, it may cost a lot of money.?
3. we are careful, we can't do our work well. ?
4.Bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. ?
5. my sister I do well in our lessons. My mother is very proud of us.?
6. we want to arrive at ten, I don't think it's necessary to start so early.?
7.It's not always safe to pay over the Internet, you should be careful.?
8.Hold your dream, you might regret some day.?
9.Give me a chance, I'll prove it to you.?
10.—I hear Susan will go to Xinjiang alone.
—That's true. her father her mother will go with her.?
11.I didn't realize he was a famous scientist you told me.?
12.Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.?
13.Chen Wei isn't at school today he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.?
14.It rained heavily the hiking to Tai Chi Lake was canceled.?
15. you live, I will find you at once.?
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子
1.许多人喜欢读报以便于能知道世界上正在发生的事情。
Many people like reading newspapers they can learn what's happening in the world.?
2.我一收到你的来信就会打电话给你。
I call you up I hear from you.?
3.我不知道你是否下周日去(参加)玛丽的聚会,如果你去,我也去。
I don't know if you to Mary's party next Sunday. If you go, .?
4.自从彼得来到中国,就一直住在杭州。
Peter in Hangzhou he came to China.?
5.不论你是谁,都不准违反校规。
you are, you mustn't break the school rules.?
6.你和他都没有收到去英语晚会的邀请函。
you he an invitation to the English party.?
7.《厉害了,我的国》不仅帮助我们更多地了解我们的国家,而且让我们为祖国感到自豪。
Amazing China helps us learn more about our country, makes us proud of her. ?
8.除非你在九月三日前更换你的护照,否则你将不得不放弃去美国的旅行。
You'll have to the trip to America you have your passport changed before September 3.?
9.无论你遇到什么困难,你都应尽全力克服。
problems you meet, you should make an to deal with them.?
10.别发出噪音,因为有人在看书。
any noise someone is reading.?
Ⅲ.[2018·日照] 语法填空
When doing Christmas shopping, Joy came across(偶遇) Nick, the least popular student in school because he wore strange clothes and had a face only a mother could love.
After dinner, Joy's family went 1. church for the Christmas Eve service. A man with Bible(圣经)read a story about Jesus, who came 2. (help)people on Earth. Joy's thoughts kept turning back to Nick. It must be terrible to be lonely on Christmas Day with his parents dead. 3. (tear) started to run down her cheeks but she brushed them away.?
That night, while everyone else 4. (sleep)like a baby, Joy was thinking ways to help Nick. As soon as she heard her parents get up, she 5. (quick) jumped out of bed. She told 6. about Nick. Then she asked, “Shall we invite him over today?” “Sure,” said her mother who was always happy 7. guests came. Her father smiled. ?
When Joy called Nick two hours later, he was deeply 8. (move). He joined them for dinner. To Joy's surprise, she enjoyed spending time with him. Joy came to understand sharing Christmas cheer is the 9. (great) joy to Nick, even to 10. whole world.?
参考答案
【语法综合演练】
Ⅰ.1.not only; but also 2.although/though 3.Unless
4.when 5.Both; and 6.If 7.so 8.or 9.and
10.Neither; nor 11.until 12.since 13.because
14.so; that 15.Wherever
Ⅱ.1.so that 2.will; as soon as 3.will go; so will I
4.has lived; since 5.No matter who
6.Neither; nor; has received 7.not only; but also
8.give up; unless 9.Whatever; effort
10.Don't make; because
Ⅲ.1.to 2.to help 3.Tears 4.was sleeping 5.quickly
6.them 7.when 8.moved 9.greatest 10.the
课件12张PPT。PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇语法专题（十四）
连词和状语从句【中考考点】
(1)并列连词and, but, so, or等的主要用法。
(2)从属连词引导的状语从句。1.表示并列关系
and (和,同,与),both…and…(……和……都), not only…but also…(不仅……而且……), as well as (而且,还,又), neither…nor…(既不……也不……)。
He likes drawing and I like dancing.
他喜欢画画,我喜欢跳舞。
? his father ?his mother ?watching TV. 他的父母都喜欢看电视。?
? you ?I ?wrong. ?
你和我都没有错。
Tom as well as I walks to school every day.
汤姆和我每天步行去上学。考点一 并列连词BothandlikeNeithernoram【注意】 as well as 连接的并列结构在句中作主语时,谓语动词应与as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致; 而not only…but also…和neither…nor…则遵循“就近一致原则”。
2.表示选择关系
or (或,或者;还是;否则;不然), either…or…(或者……或者……; 不是……就是……), not…but…(不是……而是……)。
Work hard, you will fall behind. ?
努力学习,否则你会落后。
Either you or he is going to do some shopping this afternoon.
今天下午或者你或者他去购物。
【注意】 用either…or…连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致原则”。
or3.表示转折关系
but (但,但是,可是), while (然而)。
She was very tired, she kept working till midnight. ?
她虽然很累,但是她一直工作到半夜。
He's a worker his wife is a doctor.?
他是一名工人,而他的妻子是一名医生。
4.表示因果关系
for (因为), so (所以)。
He got up late, he didn't catch the early bus. 他起床晚了,所以没赶上早班公交车。butwhileso考点二 从属连词引导的状语从句1.时间状语从句
引导词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, not…until…, as soon as。
I'll ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。
They didn't stop until they finished the work.
他们直到完成工作才停下来。
When he comes back, I'll give you a call.
他回来时,我会给你打电话的。2.原因状语从句
引导词有because, since, as。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
我没去,因为我害怕。
Since you are free today, you'd better take a good rest.
既然你今天有空,你最好好好休息一下。
3.条件状语从句
引导词有if, unless。
If it rains, I'll go by car.
如果下雨,我就乘小汽车去。
You cannot succeed unless you work hard.
如果你不努力,你就不会成功。4.结果状语从句
引导词有so…that…, such…that…。
It was raining so hard that we couldn't see the road.
雨下得如此大,以至于我们看不见路。
5.让步状语从句
引导词有though, even though/if, although, “no matter+疑问词”。
Even though/if you say so, I do not believe it.
即使你这么说,我也不信。6.目的状语从句
引导词有so that, in order that。
I need to get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我需要早起,以便能赶上早班公交车。
7.方式状语从句
引导词有as if, as though, as。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
8.地点状语从句
引导词有where, wherever。
Wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.无论他去哪里,他总是带着他的宠物狗。
9.比较状语从句
引导词有than, as…as…, not as…as…。
Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。考点三 主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况:
1.主现从现:若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Be careful when you cross the road.
过马路时要小心。
The traffic must stop when the lights . ?
当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。
2.主将从现:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。
I will visit my good friend when I time.
当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。
If she here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her.
如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园turn/are redhavecomes3.宾语从句和状语从句同时出现:
I don't know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident.
我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。
I don't know when(什么时候) he will come tomorrow.
When(当……的时候) he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。
4.过去时态:若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。
My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.
昨天我到家时,妈妈正在做饭。见Word版资源 语法专题14 连词和状语从句
