中考英语二轮语法专题复习：宾语从句课件（共28张PPT）

宾语从句

一 . 定义
简单的说 , 宾语
从句就是一个或是几
个从句充当主句中的
宾语成分。
二 . 主要类型
1） . 由连接代词(what , which , who, whose , whom)或
连接副词(when , where , why , how)引导。 连接代词
或连接副只是在某些动词后能用作宾语，这些动词有 ,
ask ,answer ,know , decide , wonder , understand ,
discuss ,show等等：
e.g Do you know what he has said ?
Can you tell me which class you are in ?
Do you know what kind of person she is ?
Let’s see how we can finish the hard work .
Have you decided whom you would visit
tomorrow ?
Please show me where your passport is .
Lucy still wondered why he couldn’t pass the
exam .


2） . 由连词 whether 或 if 引导。（口语中常用 if ）
e.g She asked me if she could borrow these
books .
Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma
liked the handbag .
注：1)中所列的动词后也常可用 whether , if 引导的
从句作宾语；
e.g I’m wondering if the letter is over - weight .
I don’t know whether this answer is right .
另外，这种从句前面有时还可以另有宾语。
e.g Please tell me which book I should read first .
You may ask the man over there how you can
get to the bus stop .
Did she say anything about how the work was
to be done ？


3)由that引导。（ 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 ）
e.g He knew ( that ) he should work hard .
He said ( that ) he would like to see the
Headmaster .

注意：在某些句型中，特别是带复合宾语的句子中，
that 引导的从句常常移到后面去，前面用一个 it 作形式
上的宾语。(但是，有时 it 也可以省略）
e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldn’t
come .
I took his word for it that he would try his
best to help us .（他说他要想一切办法帮我们，我相
信他说的是真话。）
I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我们
动身是会很早的。）
三 . 宾语从句中应该注意的一些情况
1.引导词
?由陈述句变来的宾语从句，用连词 that 等引导，并且在口语中常常省略此词：
e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary .
I know ( that ) Lucy can play football very well .
但是，如果 that 引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时，最后一个 that 不能省略。
e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now .
?由一般疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，用 whether 或
if 引导，并且两词可以互用。但是 whether 可以和 or
not 连用，而 if 不能。
e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives
there .
Please tell me whether you can come or not .
?由特殊疑问句变来的宾语从句，由特殊疑问词 who ,
whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等
引导 。
e.g I don’t know whose book it is .
Do you know where our English teacher
lives ?
The teacher asked what was happening .
He wanted to know why you can play the
piano so well .
2 . 语句的顺序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的
顺序。
e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ?
He asked him where he came from .
Did you know what’s the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？
Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .
3 . 时态的变化
?. 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何
一种时态。
e.g
Tom has been to Guilin twice .
she will come tomorrow .
I hear ( that )
Jim went to work an hour ago .
he is interested in English .
?当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用
相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的
相互一致。
e.g
he would go to Xi’an .
he was ill yesterday .
He said ( that )
he was reading a book .
he had had supper already .
?当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon .
The teacher told the students that no news is good news .
We should know what he said is only the truth .
I know that he is an exellent student .
The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .
4 . 标点符号
宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。
e.g
He asked me if / whether I could help him .
Please tell me which colour you like best .
Do you know where Li Ping is ?
Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ?
Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?
5 . 宾语从句的否定形式
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。
e.g I don’t think it’s going to rain .
I don’t believe she will lend you the money .
但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不适用于这种规则。
e.g I hope he won’t come .
宾语从句的连接词：
当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导；
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，构成宾语从句用if/whether引导；
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词即为原来的疑问词，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。

部分宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式” 结构，从而由复合句转化为简单句。
She doesn’t know what she should do next.
She doesn’t know what to do next .
她不知道下一步该做什么。
6 . 宾语从句中的特殊情形
在把简单句变为复合句的练习中，千万要注意：
?句式的转变：若原句是祈使句，不能用宾语从句改写，而应该用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。
e.g Don’t open the door . （用 they 作主语变为宾语从句）
They ask not to open the door .
?代词的变化：如果将某人的原话变为宾语从句时，我们就应该考虑代词的变化。
e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says .
Lucy says that she comes from Canada .
?若由一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序。具体如下：当助动词是 does 或 did 时，要去掉助动词，并把动词恢复为第三人称单数形式或过去式；当是其它的助动词时，则要把这些助动词放在主语的后面。
e.g
I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ”
I asked Tom what he liked best .
The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ”
The teacher asked me if I have read the book .
He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ”
He asked who could carry the box .

五 . 专项练习
1、Do you know how much hot water ?
A．Mum is needed B．does Mum need
C．Mum needs D．did Mum need
2、Can you tell me ?
A．where he is B．where is he
C．he is where D．what is he
3、I didn’t know how to London?
A．would they go B．are they going
C．they would go D．they are going
4、I want to know how long
A．has he been back B．has he come back
C．he has been back D．he has come back
5、Do you know ?
A．what the news are B．what is the news
C．what the news is D．what are the news
6._____ is true that she may fall behind the others.
A.There B.This C.That D.It
7.The foreign friends think ____ the Chinese people are very friendly.
A.that B.if C.since D.because
8.I’d like to know ______Chinese.
A.when he began to learn
B.when did he begin to learn
C.when did he begin learning
D.for how long he began to learn
9.The teacher asked us _____ the classroom after school.
A.cleaned B.clean C.to clean D.cleans
Choose
1.I’m not sure ____.
A.where do you live
B. where you live
B
2. They don’t know _____.
A. where the museum is
B. where is the museum
A
3. Do you remember ______?
A. where did you put the keys
B. where you put the keys
B
4. I have no idea ___.
A. how much a concert ticket costs
B. how much does a concert ticket cost
A
5. Do you know ____ ?
A. is it going to rain
B. if it is going to rain
B
6. Can you tell me ____ ?
A. where have they moved
B. whether they have moved .
B
7. I’m not really sure___.
A. whether the plane will be late
B. will the plane be late.

A
练习
He asked me ___ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.
that B. if C. how D. what
2. --- Could you tell me ___ ?
----- He is an actor .
who he is B. what is he C. what he does
3. Please tell me ___ . I have some good news for him .
where Robert lives B. where does Robert live
C. where Robert lived D. where did Robert live
4. --- Did you know ___ at he bus stop ?
--- Maybe Their teacher .
who are they waiting for
B. whom they are waiting for
C. whom they were waiting for
5. “Could you tell me ___ for the meeting yesterday ? ” “Because the traffic was bad . ”
Why did you come late B. why you came late
C. Why do you come late D. why you come late
6. “What did you say to your mother just now ? ” “I asked her ___ she cooked for dinner . ”
A. that B. if C. how D. what
7.Jack’s grandfather doesn’t know how he should use a computer . (改为简单句)
Jack’s grandfather doesn’t know how___ ____ a computer .
8. Does the earth go round the sun ?
My son asked the teacher .(合并为宾语从句)
My son asked the teacher _____ the earth ____ round the sun .
to
use
if/whether
goes