(共44张PPT)
备战2019专题复习课件
考点一
动词不定式
1.动词不定式短语作句子主语时,相当于名词或代词的
作用,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。不定式短语作主
语时,很多情况下,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的不定
式主语放在句子的末尾。
2.不定式作表语时,表示主语的职业、职责或愿望、责
任、义务等,一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。
3.有些动词或动词短语,如:agree(同意),
decide(决定),
would
like(想要)等,后面常跟动词不定式作宾语,而不能
跟动名词作宾语。动词不定式作宾语时,如果后面跟有形
容词、名词等作宾语补足语时,通常用it作形式宾语,而
把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。
4.常见的跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell(告诉),
ask
(请求),
want(要),
teach(教)等。在使役动词make,
let,
have
和感官动词“三眼”——see(看),
watch(观看),
notice(注意);
“两耳”——hear(听见),
listen
to(听)和“一觉”——feel(感觉)
等动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式要省略to。
但在变为被动语态时,要加上to。help
后跟动词不定式作
宾语补足语时,不定式既可带to,也可不带to。
5.一些不及物动词如come,
go,
travel,
leave,
run等后面,常跟动词不定式(短语)作目的状语或结果状语。动词不定式短语也可放在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的表语形容词后面,如sorry,
glad,
surprised,
disappointed,
excited等,常用作原因状语。
6.动词不定式短语作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。动词不定式与被修饰的词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。动词不定式短语作定语时,如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词。
7.动词不定式可以和疑问代词who,
what,
which及疑问副词how,
where,
when连用,构成“疑问词+不定式”结构。在作用上相当于一个名词性从句,常用在某些动词(如tell,
know,
imagine,
learn,
decide,
forget,
remember,
consider,
understand等)后面做宾语,还可作主语、宾语、表语等。
1.It's
very
useful
an
English
dictionary.
A.to
me
to
buy B.for
me
to
buy
C.for
me
buy
D.for
me
buying
解析:
句意:对我来说买一本英语词典是很有用的。本题考查动词不定式(短语)作真正主语的用法。指明动词不定式的动作的执行者(即谁做的动作)时,要在动词不定式的前面加上“for
+名词或宾格代词”。
答案:
B
【方法总结】
根据本题的题干和形式主语It可以看出,本题是It作形式主语,动词不定式(短语)作真正的主语,而且从选项中可以看出本题还考查逻辑主语。
2.He
is
not
an
easy
man
.
A.get
on
B.to
get
on
C.get
on
with
D.to
get
on
with
解析:
句意:他是一个不容易相处的人。因为get
on“相处”与man有逻辑上的动宾关系,而get
on为不及物动词词组,后面跟宾语时,要加上介词with。
答案:
D
【方法总结】
动词不定式短语作定语时,如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的动词是不及物动词,其后要加上必要的介词。
1.(2018·广西梧州中考)
Jim
went
to
the
library
___
some
science
magazines
yesterday.
A.borrow
B.borrows
C.to
borrow
D.borrowed
C
2.(2018·上海中考)Mr.
Zhou
is
good
at
cooking
and
he
has
decided
___his
own
restaurant.
A.open
B.opened
C.to
open
D.opening
3.(2018·湖南怀化中考改编)
It's
necessary
for
us
___
English
well.
A.to
learn B.learning
C.learn
D.learned
C
A
4.(2018·湖南岳阳中考改编)They
asked
their
son
___
the
bed
last
weekend.
A.to
make
B.making
C.made
D.make
5.(2018·四川德阳中考)
—What
are
you
going
to
do
tonight
—I
plan
___
Days
of
Our
Past.
A.watch
B.watching
C.to
watch
D.watched
A
C
6.(2018·新疆中考)—Let's
___to
the
movies!
—I'm
sorry.
I
must
___
my
homework
first.
A.going;
do
B.go;
doing
C.go;
do
D.going;
doing
C
考点二
动名词
1.动名词作主语时通常直接位于句首。用
it
作形式主语,
把动名词(真正主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动名词做主语时,
不太常用
it
作形式主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
2.动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
3.动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a
washing
machine=a
machine
for
washing=a
machine
which
is
used
for
washing.
4.
短语后的动名词和固定句型中的动名词
①能接动名词的短语有:be
busy(忙于),
be
worth(值得),
can't
help(禁不住),
give
up(放弃),
be
used
to(习惯于),
stop/prevent/keep...from(阻止),
look
forward
to(盼望),
feel
like(想要),
think
of,
spend...(in)(花费……做某事),
be
good
at
(擅长),
be
interested
in(对……感兴趣),
succeed
in(成功)等。
②There
be+名词(短语)+动名词。意为“某处有某人或某物在干某事”。
③prefer+动名词+to+动名词意为“喜欢……胜过……”。
④no+动名词意为“禁止/不准干某事”。
⑤sb.
spend
some
time/money
(in)
doing
sth.
意为“某人花费一些时间/金钱干某事”。
⑥thank
sb.
for
doing
sth.
意为“因干了某事而感谢某人”。
⑦Would/Do
you
mind
doing
sth.?意为“你介意做某事吗?”
5.
动词不定式及动名词辨析
有些及物动词后面既可以接动名词作宾语,又可以接动词不定式作宾语,但两者表达的意义不同。比如:remember,
forget等后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词,则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。
Remember
to
post
the
letter.
记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信”未发生)
I
remember
posting
the
letter.
我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信”已发生)
He
forgot
to
pay
me
the
money.
他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱”未发生)
He
forgot
paying
me
the
money.
他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱”发生了)
Dad,
you
have
worked
for
three
hours.
Stop
and
have
a
rest,
please.
A.to
work
B.working
C.work
D.works
解析:
句意:爸爸,你已经工作三个小时了。请停止工
作,休息一会儿。本题考查“停止手中正在做的事”用stop
doing
sth.。
答案:
B
【方法总结】
动名词表示事情已经发生,不定式表示事情还没有发生还没有做。如:stop
doing
sth.意为“停止做某事”,stop
to
do
sth.
意为“停下原来做的事,做另外一件事”;go
on
doing
sth.继续做原来的事情,go
on
to
do
继续做另外一件事;remember
doing
sth.记得做过了某事,remember
to
do
sth.记得去做某事(尚未做);forgot
doing
sth.忘记做过了某事(做了但却忘记了),forget
to
do
sth.记住要去做某事(尚未做);try
doing
sth.(试着做某事),
try
to
do
sth.试图、企图做某事。
1.(2018·湖南湘西中考改编)—Can
you
come
to
my
birthday
party
tonight
—Yes,
I'd
love
to.
But
I
have
to
finish
___my
English
homework
first.
A.doing
B.to
do
C.does
D.did
A
2.(2018·新疆阜康米泉中考)—Do
you
still
remember
___
this
group
of
friends
in
2013
—Yes.
But
I
forget
where
I
___them.
A.seeing;
meet
B.to
see;
met
C.seeing;
met
D.seeing;
meeting
C
3.(2018·内蒙古包头中考)As
we
all
know,
a
person
learns
many
things
by
making
mistakes
and
___
them
A.corrects
B.correct
C.correct
D.correcting
D
4.(2018·甘肃天水中考)—You
look
worried.
You'd
better
___your
problem
with
others.
—Oh,
yes.
___
a
problem
is
like
cutting
it
in
half.
A.share;
Sharing
B.sharing;
To
share
C.to
share;
To
share
D.share;
Shared
A
5.(2019·预测)Would
you
mind
___
down
the
music
It's
too
noisy.
A.to
turn
B.turning
C.turn
D.turned
B
考点三
分词
1.分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。
Make
less
noise.
There's
a
sleeping
child.
不要出太大声音,有个熟睡的孩子。
We
only
sell
used
books.
我们只卖用过的书。
The
boy
standing
under
the
tree
is
my
cousin.
站在树下的那个男孩是我表弟。
The
bridge
built
last
month
needs
repairing.
上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。
2.分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。一般跟在be,get,become,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear
等系动词后面。
They
got
very
excited.他们非常激动。
What
you
said
is
really
inspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。
3.在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾语补足语,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
I
often
hear
a
girl
singing
downstairs.我经常听到楼下有一个小姑娘在唱歌。
I
find
some
students
in
this
school
often
punished
by
the
teachers.
我发现这所学校的学生经常被老师惩罚。
4.分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让
步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从
句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制
性定语从句。
They
stood
there
waiting
for
the
bus.他们站在那里等公共汽车。
The
hunter
walked
slowly
in
the
forest,
followed
by
his
wolf dog.
猎人在森林里慢慢地走着,后面跟着他的狼狗。
Seriously
injured,
he
had
to
be
taken
to
hospital.由于伤得严重,只好把他送往医院。
The
tree
by
your
grandma
grows
very
well.
A.planting
B.is
planted
C.planted
D.plant
解析:
句意:你奶奶种的那棵树长得很好。the
tree与plant之间是被动关系,故用过去分词短语做后置定语。
答案:
C
【方法总结】
做这类题,重点是理清逻辑主语与动词之间的关系,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词。
1.(2017·甘肃兰州中考)
A
nurse
___
Carolyn
will
look
after
the
baby
when
his
mother
___
away.
A.naming;
is
B.naming;
will
be
C.named;
is
D.named;
will
be
C
2.(2017·湖北黄石中考)—Jack,
remember
___
off
the
lights
when
___
the
home.
—OK,
I
won't
forget,
mom.
A.turning;
leaving
B.to
turn;
leave
C.turning;
left
D.to
turn;
leaving
D
3.(2017·四川宜宾中考)Look!
There
are
some
birds
___
in
the
sky.
They
are
very
beautiful.
A.to
fly
B.fly
C.flying
D.flown
C
4.(2018·
贵州安顺中考)—Tom,
have
you
ever
read
the
book
A
Tale
of
Two
Cities
___
by
Charles
Dickens
—Yes,
I
finished
reading
it
last
winter
vacation.
A.wrote
B.to
write
C.writing
D.written
D
5.(2018·江苏淮安中考)He
explained
again
and
again
in
order
to
make
what
he
did
___.
A.understand
B.understood
C.to
understand
D.understanding
B