第二十六讲 直接引语与间接引语
(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考的一轮复习中，考生常常会忽略对直接引语与间接引语的复习，而且常常会错误地认为：直接引语和间接引语是初中的语法项目，在高考试题中不会出现。然而事实不是这样。虽然在高考试题中一般情况下不会直接考察直接引语和间接引语，但是，其相关考察内容在历年的高考试题中都会有所体现。比如：在阅读理解、单项选择等试题中，总会有相关的知识点设置其中。因此，在一轮复习中一定不要忽视对直接引语和间接引语的复习，必须理清直接引语与间接引语的关系及其转换方法。因此，教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，必须引导学生认真对待直接引语与间接引语的相关知识点，对相关语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容。教师需要把与直接引语和间接引语相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 直接引语与间接引语 ( Direct Speech and Indirect Speech )
1. 直接引语转为间接引语概述
直接引语就是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号。间接引语就是引述别人的话，不用引号。也就是说：直接引述别人说的话，再用引号括起来称为直接引语；用自己的话把别人的话说出来，称为间接引语。间接引语通常就是一个宾语从句。
直接引语：She said, “I like singing. ” 她说：“我喜欢唱歌。”
变成间接引语为：She said she liked singing. 她说她喜欢唱歌。
直接引语：She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” 她说：“我在等公共汽车。”
变成间接引语为：She said she was waiting for a bus. 她说她在等公共汽车。
2. 直接引语转为间接引语的各种情况
1）直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，要根据句意和不同情况用连词that/ whether/if引导宾语从句。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等相应变化。
She asked, “Have you seen the film?”
她问：“你看过这部电影吗？”
She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.
她问我是否看过这部电影。
2）直接引语的动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变。
She says, “I’ll never forget the moment.” →
她说：“我永远不会忘记这一刻。”
She says that she’ll never forget the moment.
她说她永远不会忘记这一刻。
3）直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said “The earth goes round the sun.” →
老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4）直接引语的动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化，遵循下列规律：
(1) 陈述句的间接引语：连接词用that，在口语中可省略。直接引语的动词用said，told等。
He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”→
他说：“我把书忘在房间里了。”
He told me that he had left his book in his room.
他告诉我他把书忘在房间里了
She said: “He will be busy.”→
She said that he would be busy. 她说他会很忙。
(2) 疑问句的间接引语：一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的，可以加一个间接宾语me，him等。
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→
她对汤姆说：“你能帮帮我吗？“
She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
她问汤姆是否能帮助她。
She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”→
She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
(3) 祈使句的间接引语：采用 动词+宾语+不定式 结构。
asked sb.(not) to do sth
ordered sb.(not) to do sth
warned sb.(not) to do sth
The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” →
老师对学生们说：“不要浪费时间。”
The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
老师告诉学生不要浪费时间。
The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→
母亲说：“汤姆，请早点起床。”
The mother asked Tom to get up early. （去掉please）
母亲叫汤姆早起。
3. 直接转为间接引语的一般规则
1）直接引语变为的时态：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时
过去进行时（不变）
can
could
may
might
must
must/ had to
祈使句
不定式
【温馨提示】如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（如：ought to，had better，used to，must，need）和已经是过去时的形式时（如：could, should, would, might），不再变化。
上述内容部分句例：
直接引语
间接引语
“I am very glad to visit your workshop,” she said.
“我很高兴参观你们的车间。”她说。（一般现在时）
She said that she was very glad to visit our workshop.
她说她很高兴参观我们的车间。
（一般过去时）
“I am checking your homework now,”his mother said.
“我现在在检查你的作业，”他母亲说。（现在进行时）
His mother said that she was checking his homework then.?
他母亲说她当时正在检查他的作业。
（过去进行时）
“Have you handed in the money for the tickets?”the monitor asked.
“你交票款了吗？”班长问。
（现在完成时）
The monitor asked me if I had handed in the money for the tickets.?
班长问我是否交票款了。
（过去完成时）
She said,“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”?
她说，“我母亲昨天带我去看了展览。”
（一般过去时）
She said that her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before.?
她说她母亲前一天带她去看了展览。
（过去完成时）
2）时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。
状语
直接引语
间接引语
时间状语
now 现在
then 那时；当时
时间状语
today 今天
that day 那天
时间状语
tonight 今晚
that night 那天晚上
时间状语
this week 本周
that week 上周
时间状语
yesterday 昨天
the day before前一天
时间状语
the day before yesterday 前天
two days before 前两天
时间状语
three days ago三天以前
three days before 前三天
时间状语
last week 上周
the last week 前一周
时间状语
tomorrow 明天
the next day /the following day第二天
时间状语
next week 下周
the next week 第二个星期
时间状语
next month下个月
the following month第二个月
时间状语
this morning这个早晨
that morning那个早晨
时间状语
ago/last以前/最后
before之前
指示代词
this 这
that 那
指示代词
these 这些
those 那些
地点状语
here 这里
there 那里
动词
come 来
go 去
动词
bring带来
take带去
【温馨提示】直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。如果是在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
3）句型转换规则：
(1) 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” →
She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
(2) 直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
He said, “Can you swim, John?” →
他说：“约翰，你会游泳吗？”
He asked John if he could swim.
他问约翰是否会游泳。
“You have finished the homework, haven’t you?” my mother asked. →
“你已经完成作业了，是吗？妈妈问。
My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
我妈妈问我是否完成了家庭作业。
He asked me , “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” →
他问我：“你是坐公共汽车还是骑自行车上学？”
He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
他问我是乘公共汽车还是骑自行车上学。
(3) 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell /ask sb (not) to do sth. ”。
“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. →
“别吵闹，”她对孩子们说。
She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
她吩咐孩子们不要发出声音。
“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. →
“请给我拿杯茶来，”她说。
She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
她请他给她端来一杯茶。
(4) 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, “What a lovely day it is !” →
她说：“多么美好的一天啊！”
She said what a lovely day it was.
她说那是多么美好的一天。
或She said that it was a lovely day.
她说那是美好的一天。
(5) 如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。
He said to me, “I have taught English since he came here .” →
他对我说：“自从他来到这里，我就一直教英语。”
He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
他告诉我自从他来这里以来就一直在教英语。
1. 直接引语变间接引语时不变的情况
在直接引语变间接引语时，注意以下几种不变的特殊情况。
1) 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚语或习语，变间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”→
老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→
我父亲说：“熟能生巧”。
My father said practice makes perfect.
我父亲说熟能生巧。
2) 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的。变间接引语时。时态保持不变。
The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”→
男孩对我们说：“我通常每天六点起床。”
The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
那个男孩告诉我们他通常每天六点起床。
He said, “We are still students. ”→
他说：“我们还是学生。”
He said they are still students.
他说他们还是学生
3) 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语（具体的过去某年、某月、某日），时态不变。
He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”→
他对我说：“我出生在1978岁。”
He told me that he was born in 1978.
他告诉我他出生在1978。
The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”→
工程师说：“我1967岁上大学。”
The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
工程师说他1967岁上大学。
4) 直接引语中凡有when，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。
He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” →
他说：“我从小就学英语。”
He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
他说他从小就学英语。
She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.→
她说：“我在等公共汽车的时候读了这本书。”
She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.
她说她在等公共汽车的时候读完了这本书。
Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”→
格林先生对他们说：“当他要找一份工作时，乔把他的故事告诉了我。”
Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
格林先生告诉他们，当他要找一份工作时，乔把所有的事情都告诉了他。
5) 如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist，suggest，demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。
He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.→
他说：“我们坚持让她马上动身。
He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
他说他们坚持让她马上动身。
She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”→
她说：“他要求那个女孩立刻离开。”
She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
她说他要求那个女孩立刻离开。
如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变。
I said to him, “I have finished it.” →
我对他说：“我已经完成了。”
I told him I had finished it.
我告诉他我已经完成了。
如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today，yesterday，tomorrow等状语也不必变化。
She said to us, “I’ll come here tomorrow.”→
她对我们说：“我明天来这里。”
She told us she would come here tomorrow.
她告诉我们她明天会来这里。
6) 如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must，need，had better以及情态动词的过去式could，might，should，would在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
The teacher said to me , “You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.” →
老师对我说：“你必须多注意你的发音。”
The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to my pronunciation.
老师告诉我，我必须多注意我的发音。
He said , “I could swim when I was only six .” →
他说：“我六岁的时候就可以游泳了。”
He said that he could swim when he was only six.
他说他六岁的时候就会游泳了。
7) 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”→
杰克说：“约翰，当我在街上遇见你的时候，你去哪儿了？”
Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
杰克在街上遇见约翰时问他要去哪里。
2. 直接引语的人称变化
直接引语转为间接引语时，一般遵从一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
一主：从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
She said, “My brother wants to go with me. ” →
她说：“我哥哥想和我一起去。”
She said her brother wanted to go with her.
她说她哥哥想和她一起去。
“I have bought an expensive car. ” said the boss.→
“我买了一辆昂贵的车。”老板说。
The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
老板说他买了一辆昂贵的车。
二宾：从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致，如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” →
他对凯特说。“你妹妹现在好吗？”
He asked Kate how her sister was then.
他问凯特她妹妹当时怎么样。
I often tell him , “You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen. ” →
我经常告诉他，“你是我见过的最幸运的男孩。”
I often tell him (that) he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen.
我经常告诉他，他是我见过的最幸运的男孩。
三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不变化。
Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” →
史米斯先生说：“杰克是个好工人。”
Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
史米斯先生说杰克是个好工人。
She said, “He will check your homework tonight.” →
她说：“今晚他会检查你的家庭作业。”
She said he would check your homework that night.
她说那天晚上他会检查你的作业。
3. 直接引语中是特殊疑问句
直接引语是特殊疑问句转为间接引语要改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，即用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。
The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?” →
老师问：“你是怎么修的？”
The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
老师问我是怎么修理的。
She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” →
她问我：“他们什么时候吃晚饭？”
She asked me when they had their dinner.
她问我他们什么时候吃的晚饭。
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →
“她为什么拒绝去那儿？”老师问。
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
老师问她为什么拒绝去那儿。
4. 直接引语是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句
直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用suggest +动名词（或从句）d的结构。
He said, “Let’s go to the film.” →
他说：“我们去看电影吧。”
He suggested going to the film.
他建议去看电影。
或：He suggested that they should go to see the film.
他建议他们去看电影。
He said, “Let’s go for a picnic on Sunday.” →
他说：“我们星期日去野餐吧。”
He suggested going for a picnic on Sunday.
他建议星期日去野餐。
或：He suggested that they should go for a picnic on Sunday.
他建议他们星期日去野餐。
知识点一 直接引语变间接引语的人称与时态
例1：They say there _________ a new bridge across the river in two years.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. would have
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们说两年内将有一座新的桥横跨这条河。主句是一般现在时（They say），因为是in two years（两年之后），因此间接引语要用一般将来时，然而there be 不可以与have一起用，故选择is going to be（表示将来时态），所以选择答案B。故答案为B。
变式训练1：
1）“I will pick you up after work，” Paul said to me. →
Paul said ______ me up after work.
A. I pick B. he picked C. he will pick D. he would pick
2）— Could you tell me _________?
— Glad to help.
A. if I have been to the Great Wall B. where did he study
C. how I can get to the station D. what’s your name
知识点二 祈使句转换为间接引语
例2：—My parents always tell me _________ others late at night.
—They’re right. It’s not polite.
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
【答案】D
【解析】句意：—我的父母总是告诉我不要在深夜给别人打电话。—他们是对的。这是不礼貌的。从答语“他们说得对，那是不礼貌的”可知，My parents always tell me… 意为：父母常叫我不要在夜里给别人打电话。动词不定式是not to do，即tell sb. not to do sth. 。故选择答案为D。
变式训练2：
1）—Joyce, please don’t open the window.
—Pardon?
—I __________ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to
C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
2）The teacher asked us __________ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
知识点三 直接引语中是特殊疑问句转为间接引语
例3：Can you tell me ___________ ?
A. how good is his spoken English B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English D. how good he can speak English
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你能告诉我他的英语口语有多好吗？直接引语是特殊疑问句转为间接引语要改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，并且要用陈述语序。故选择答案C。
变式训练4：
1）Please tell me __________ from.
A. where do you come B. where you come
C. where you will come D. where will you come
2）The doctor asked me what __________ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
知识点四 直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时需注意
例4：He asked me _______I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他问我第二天是否乘飞机去北京。原句的直接引语应该是：will you go to Beijing by air tomorrow?当直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时，转换为间接引语用if引导从句。故选择答案B。
变式训练4：
1）He _______they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether
2）Mr. Wang asked her _________ come with them to take part in the party.
A. if she would B. if she will
C. that if she will D. whether will she
知识点五 直接引语转为间接引语综合辨析
例5：Did you say __________?
A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said
C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你说他说的是真的吗？首先排除答案C，因为间接引语要用陈述句语序。再排除答案D，因为what有两个功能，一是引导从句，二是在从句中充当成分（在该从句中充当said的宾语），所以不能再出现it。答案B中的it不能引导从句。故选择答案A。
变式训练5：
1）John ________ me he was going to help me with my English.
A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said
2）He said that he ________ to music ________.
A. is listening；then B. listened；then
C. was listening；now D. was listening；then
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. This morning my mother asked me ________ .
A. why he is not here B. how did my brother do it
C. what time is it D. what Judy did over the weekend
2. The students said they ________ have a picnic together after the big test.
A. would love to B. would love C. had love D. had love
3. —What did the head teacher say at the meeting?
—He said，“We _______ be proud of working hard. We mustn’t be lazy. ”
A. must B. needn’t C. may D. can’t
4. Who can tell me at the meeting?
A. what he said B. he said what C. what did he say D. how he said
5. Will you please tell us ________ before you came to our city?
A. where do you work B. where did you work
C. where you worked D. where have you worked
6. He asked _________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
7. Someone is ringing the doorbell. My mother said to me, go and see _______.
A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
8. He asks John ________ a doctor.
A. if he is B. whether you are C. whether is he D. if is he
9. She ________ us where ________ going to get off.
A. said；we were B. said；were we
C. asked；we were D. asked；were we
10. He asked them who had given them a talk _________.
A. the day before yesterday B. the day before
C. the before day D. yesterday
11. She said ________ she ________ to pass the exam.
A. what；fails B. that；fails C. that；failed D. what；failed
12. The teacher told the students _________.
A. use their time wisely B. not waste their time
C. to use their time wisely D. to not waste their time
13. Mr. Wang said, the reason why he ________ he was too careless.
A. failed is because B. failed was that
C. failed was for D. failed is that
14. He said that he _______ pick _______ a passenger at super market..
A. will；up B. would；up C. will；out D. would；out
15. The teacher asked his students ______ their age to her. Tom said he ______ in 1993.
A. no tell；was born B. to tell；is born
C. no tell；was born D. to tell；was born
16. She asked me if I _________ in science.
A. am interesting B. was interesting
C. was interested D. am interested
17. He said that he had bought the book __________.
A. before the day B. yesterday C. the day before D. three days ago
18. The driver said that he _________ pick ________ a passenger at West Street.
A will；up B. would；up C. will；out D. would；out
19. He said he __________ in 1988.
A .has born B. had been born C. had born D. was born
20. The girl ________ she ________ sorry for being late for class.
A. said that；is B. said what；was C. said that；was D. said what；is
二、句型训练（Put the direct speech into indirect speech）
1. The teacher says to me, "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →
2. He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →
3. Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→
4. The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →
5. The teacher said, "The earth goes round the sun." →
6. He said “I am listening to music now.” →
7.“I like these better than she does,” he said to me. →
8. She said, “I went to see Mr. Liu yesterday.”
9. “He will come here today,” she said. →
10. “ What a clever boy you are!”, my teacher said to him.
三、Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
2. Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
3. The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
4. He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would go.
5. Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
6. She said that she was glad to see us.
She said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before.
The teacher told the students that she would give them a surprise．
He asked us if we were going away that day．
10. The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 他说他每天早上六点起床。
她告诉孩子们不要吵闹。
他说他很了解那位老师。
他说他那时正在听音乐。
他说他想买本字典。
他说他累了，想休息一下。
他问我是否喜欢看电视
老师问她为什么拒绝去那里。
他说他的儿子1995年出生的。
她说那天他会去上海
第二十六讲 直接引语与间接引语
(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考的一轮复习中，考生常常会忽略对直接引语与间接引语的复习，而且常常会错误地认为：直接引语和间接引语是初中的语法项目，在高考试题中不会出现。然而事实不是这样。虽然在高考试题中一般情况下不会直接考察直接引语和间接引语，但是，其相关考察内容在历年的高考试题中都会有所体现。比如：在阅读理解、单项选择等试题中，总会有相关的知识点设置其中。因此，在一轮复习中一定不要忽视对直接引语和间接引语的复习，必须理清直接引语与间接引语的关系及其转换方法。因此，教师在辅导学生进行一轮复习的时候，必须引导学生认真对待直接引语与间接引语的相关知识点，对相关语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容。教师需要把与直接引语和间接引语相关的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 直接引语与间接引语 ( Direct Speech and Indirect Speech )
1. 直接引语转为间接引语概述
直接引语就是直接引述别人的原话，原话用引号。间接引语就是引述别人的话，不用引号。也就是说：直接引述别人说的话，再用引号括起来称为直接引语；用自己的话把别人的话说出来，称为间接引语。间接引语通常就是一个宾语从句。
直接引语：She said, “I like singing. ” 她说：“我喜欢唱歌。”
变成间接引语为：She said she liked singing. 她说她喜欢唱歌。
直接引语：She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” 她说：“我在等公共汽车。”
变成间接引语为：She said she was waiting for a bus. 她说她在等公共汽车。
2. 直接引语转为间接引语的各种情况
1）直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，要根据句意和不同情况用连词that/ whether/if引导宾语从句。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等相应变化。
She asked, “Have you seen the film?”
她问：“你看过这部电影吗？”
She asked me whether/if I had seen the film.
她问我是否看过这部电影。
2）直接引语的动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变。
She says, “I’ll never forget the moment.” →
她说：“我永远不会忘记这一刻。”
She says that she’ll never forget the moment.
她说她永远不会忘记这一刻。
3）直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said “The earth goes round the sun.” →
老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4）直接引语的动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化，遵循下列规律：
(1) 陈述句的间接引语：连接词用that，在口语中可省略。直接引语的动词用said，told等。
He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”→
他说：“我把书忘在房间里了。”
He told me that he had left his book in his room.
他告诉我他把书忘在房间里了
She said: “He will be busy.”→
She said that he would be busy. 她说他会很忙。
(2) 疑问句的间接引语：一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的，可以加一个间接宾语me，him等。
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→
她对汤姆说：“你能帮帮我吗？“
She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
她问汤姆是否能帮助她。
She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”→
She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
(3) 祈使句的间接引语：采用 动词+宾语+不定式 结构。
asked sb.(not) to do sth
ordered sb.(not) to do sth
warned sb.(not) to do sth
The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” →
老师对学生们说：“不要浪费时间。”
The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
老师告诉学生不要浪费时间。
The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→
母亲说：“汤姆，请早点起床。”
The mother asked Tom to get up early. （去掉please）
母亲叫汤姆早起。
3. 直接转为间接引语的一般规则
1）直接引语变为的时态：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时
过去进行时（不变）
can
could
may
might
must
must/ had to
祈使句
不定式
【温馨提示】如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（如：ought to，had better，used to，must，need）和已经是过去时的形式时（如：could, should, would, might），不再变化。
上述内容部分句例：
直接引语
间接引语
“I am very glad to visit your workshop,” she said.
“我很高兴参观你们的车间。”她说。（一般现在时）
She said that she was very glad to visit our workshop.
她说她很高兴参观我们的车间。
（一般过去时）
“I am checking your homework now,”his mother said.
“我现在在检查你的作业，”他母亲说。（现在进行时）
His mother said that she was checking his homework then.?
他母亲说她当时正在检查他的作业。
（过去进行时）
“Have you handed in the money for the tickets?”the monitor asked.
“你交票款了吗？”班长问。
（现在完成时）
The monitor asked me if I had handed in the money for the tickets.?
班长问我是否交票款了。
（过去完成时）
She said,“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”?
她说，“我母亲昨天带我去看了展览。”
（一般过去时）
She said that her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before.?
她说她母亲前一天带她去看了展览。
（过去完成时）
2）时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。
状语
直接引语
间接引语
时间状语
now 现在
then 那时；当时
时间状语
today 今天
that day 那天
时间状语
tonight 今晚
that night 那天晚上
时间状语
this week 本周
that week 上周
时间状语
yesterday 昨天
the day before前一天
时间状语
the day before yesterday 前天
two days before 前两天
时间状语
three days ago三天以前
three days before 前三天
时间状语
last week 上周
the last week 前一周
时间状语
tomorrow 明天
the next day /the following day第二天
时间状语
next week 下周
the next week 第二个星期
时间状语
next month下个月
the following month第二个月
时间状语
this morning这个早晨
that morning那个早晨
时间状语
ago/last以前/最后
before之前
指示代词
this 这
that 那
指示代词
these 这些
those 那些
地点状语
here 这里
there 那里
动词
come 来
go 去
动词
bring带来
take带去
【温馨提示】直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。如果是在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
3）句型转换规则：
(1) 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” →
She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
(2) 直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
He said, “Can you swim, John?” →
他说：“约翰，你会游泳吗？”
He asked John if he could swim.
他问约翰是否会游泳。
“You have finished the homework, haven’t you?” my mother asked. →
“你已经完成作业了，是吗？妈妈问。
My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
我妈妈问我是否完成了家庭作业。
He asked me , “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” →
他问我：“你是坐公共汽车还是骑自行车上学？”
He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
他问我是乘公共汽车还是骑自行车上学。
(3) 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell /ask sb (not) to do sth. ”。
“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children. →
“别吵闹，”她对孩子们说。
She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
她吩咐孩子们不要发出声音。
“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” said she. →
“请给我拿杯茶来，”她说。
She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
她请他给她端来一杯茶。
(4) 直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, “What a lovely day it is !” →
她说：“多么美好的一天啊！”
She said what a lovely day it was.
她说那是多么美好的一天。
或She said that it was a lovely day.
她说那是美好的一天。
(5) 如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。
He said to me, “I have taught English since he came here .” →
他对我说：“自从他来到这里，我就一直教英语。”
He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
他告诉我自从他来这里以来就一直在教英语。
1. 直接引语变间接引语时不变的情况
在直接引语变间接引语时，注意以下几种不变的特殊情况。
1) 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚语或习语，变间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”→
老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→
我父亲说：“熟能生巧”。
My father said practice makes perfect.
我父亲说熟能生巧。
2) 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的。变间接引语时。时态保持不变。
The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”→
男孩对我们说：“我通常每天六点起床。”
The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
那个男孩告诉我们他通常每天六点起床。
He said, “We are still students. ”→
他说：“我们还是学生。”
He said they are still students.
他说他们还是学生
3) 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语（具体的过去某年、某月、某日），时态不变。
He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”→
他对我说：“我出生在1978岁。”
He told me that he was born in 1978.
他告诉我他出生在1978。
The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”→
工程师说：“我1967岁上大学。”
The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
工程师说他1967岁上大学。
4) 直接引语中凡有when，since，while引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。
He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” →
他说：“我从小就学英语。”
He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
他说他从小就学英语。
She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.→
她说：“我在等公共汽车的时候读了这本书。”
She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.
她说她在等公共汽车的时候读完了这本书。
Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”→
格林先生对他们说：“当他要找一份工作时，乔把他的故事告诉了我。”
Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
格林先生告诉他们，当他要找一份工作时，乔把所有的事情都告诉了他。
5) 如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist，suggest，demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。
He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.→
他说：“我们坚持让她马上动身。
He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
他说他们坚持让她马上动身。
She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”→
她说：“他要求那个女孩立刻离开。”
She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
她说他要求那个女孩立刻离开。
如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变。
I said to him, “I have finished it.” →
我对他说：“我已经完成了。”
I told him I had finished it.
我告诉他我已经完成了。
如果就在当地转述，here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today，yesterday，tomorrow等状语也不必变化。
She said to us, “I’ll come here tomorrow.”→
她对我们说：“我明天来这里。”
She told us she would come here tomorrow.
她告诉我们她明天会来这里。
6) 如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must，need，had better以及情态动词的过去式could，might，should，would在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
The teacher said to me , “You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.” →
老师对我说：“你必须多注意你的发音。”
The teacher told me that I must pay more attention to my pronunciation.
老师告诉我，我必须多注意我的发音。
He said , “I could swim when I was only six .” →
他说：“我六岁的时候就可以游泳了。”
He said that he could swim when he was only six.
他说他六岁的时候就会游泳了。
7) 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”→
杰克说：“约翰，当我在街上遇见你的时候，你去哪儿了？”
Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
杰克在街上遇见约翰时问他要去哪里。
2. 直接引语的人称变化
直接引语转为间接引语时，一般遵从一主、二宾、三不变的原则。
一主：从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
She said, “My brother wants to go with me. ” →
她说：“我哥哥想和我一起去。”
She said her brother wanted to go with her.
她说她哥哥想和她一起去。
“I have bought an expensive car. ” said the boss.→
“我买了一辆昂贵的车。”老板说。
The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
老板说他买了一辆昂贵的车。
二宾：从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致，如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” →
他对凯特说。“你妹妹现在好吗？”
He asked Kate how her sister was then.
他问凯特她妹妹当时怎么样。
I often tell him , “You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen. ” →
我经常告诉他，“你是我见过的最幸运的男孩。”
I often tell him (that) he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen.
我经常告诉他，他是我见过的最幸运的男孩。
三不变：从句的第三人称不需要变化。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不变化。
Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” →
史米斯先生说：“杰克是个好工人。”
Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
史米斯先生说杰克是个好工人。
She said, “He will check your homework tonight.” →
她说：“今晚他会检查你的家庭作业。”
She said he would check your homework that night.
她说那天晚上他会检查你的作业。
3. 直接引语中是特殊疑问句
直接引语是特殊疑问句转为间接引语要改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，即用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。
The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?” →
老师问：“你是怎么修的？”
The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
老师问我是怎么修理的。
She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” →
她问我：“他们什么时候吃晚饭？”
She asked me when they had their dinner.
她问我他们什么时候吃的晚饭。
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. →
“她为什么拒绝去那儿？”老师问。
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
老师问她为什么拒绝去那儿。
4. 直接引语是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句
直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用suggest +动名词（或从句）d的结构。
He said, “Let’s go to the film.” →
他说：“我们去看电影吧。”
He suggested going to the film.
他建议去看电影。
或：He suggested that they should go to see the film.
他建议他们去看电影。
He said, “Let’s go for a picnic on Sunday.” →
他说：“我们星期日去野餐吧。”
He suggested going for a picnic on Sunday.
他建议星期日去野餐。
或：He suggested that they should go for a picnic on Sunday.
他建议他们星期日去野餐。
知识点一 直接引语变间接引语的人称与时态
例1：They say there _________ a new bridge across the river in two years.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. would have
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们说两年内将有一座新的桥横跨这条河。主句是一般现在时（They say），因为是in two years（两年之后），因此间接引语要用一般将来时，然而there be 不可以与have一起用，故选择is going to be（表示将来时态），所以选择答案B。故答案为B。
变式训练1：
1）“I will pick you up after work，” Paul said to me. →
Paul said ______ me up after work.
A. I pick B. he picked C. he will pick D. he would pick
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“下班后我会来接你，”保罗对我说。→ 保罗说他下班后会来接我。句中主语是第一人称，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化；所以排除A；直接引语的时态是will pick，间接引语转变成would pick，把一般将来时转换为过去将来时。所以选择答案为D。
2）— Could you tell me _________?
— Glad to help.
A. if I have been to the Great Wall B. where did he study
C. how I can get to the station D. what’s your name
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗？根据间接引语应该是陈述句语序，排除B、D选项，A意思不合逻辑。句中could是一种委婉语气，不要和过去时态联系在一起。故选择答案C。
知识点二 祈使句转换为间接引语
例2：—My parents always tell me _________ others late at night.
—They’re right. It’s not polite.
A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call
【答案】D
【解析】句意：—我的父母总是告诉我不要在深夜给别人打电话。—他们是对的。这是不礼貌的。从答语“他们说得对，那是不礼貌的”可知，My parents always tell me… 意为：父母常叫我不要在夜里给别人打电话。动词不定式是not to do，即tell sb. not to do sth. 。故选择答案为D。
变式训练2：
1）—Joyce, please don’t open the window.
—Pardon?
—I __________ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to
C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
【答案】D
【解析】句意：— 乔伊斯，请不要打开窗户。— 请再说一遍？—我告诉过你不要打开窗户。祈使句的间接引语采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，所以排除答案A和C；答案B的时态错误，直接引语是一般现在时态，间接引语用一般过去时态。故选择答案D。
2）The teacher asked us __________ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
【答案】D
【解析】句意：老师叫我们不要大声喧哗。祈使句的间接引语的否定式用“not +不定式”结构，所以排除答案A、B和C；故选择答案D。
知识点三 直接引语中是特殊疑问句转为间接引语
例3：Can you tell me ___________ ?
A. how good is his spoken English B. how well his spoken English is
C. how well he speaks English D. how good he can speak English
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你能告诉我他的英语口语有多好吗？直接引语是特殊疑问句转为间接引语要改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，并且要用陈述语序。故选择答案C。
变式训练4：
1）Please tell me __________ from.
A. where do you come B. where you come
C. where you will come D. where will you come
【答案】B
【解析】句意：请告诉我您来自哪里。直接引语是特殊疑问句转为间接引语要改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序；所以先排除答案A和D，因为它们都是倒装语序。故选择答案B。
2）The doctor asked me what __________ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：医生问我怎么了。这是间接引语，它的直接引语是：what’s wrong with you?转为间接引语需要将时态转换为过去式，宾语的人称根据主句中的宾语me而把you转换为me。故选择答案C。
知识点四 直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时需注意
例4：He asked me _______I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他问我第二天是否乘飞机去北京。原句的直接引语应该是：will you go to Beijing by air tomorrow?当直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时，转换为间接引语用if引导从句。故选择答案B。
变式训练4：
1）He _______they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他说如果他们不早出发，他们就赶不上第一班车了。间接引语是一个带有条件从句的句子，答案A符合句子结构：主语he+谓语动词said +由that引导的宾语从句。故选择答案A。
2）Mr. Wang asked her _________ come with them to take part in the party.
A. if she would B. if she will
C. that if she will D. whether will she
【答案】A
【解析】句意：王先生问她是否愿意和他们一起参加晚会。当直接引语是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句时，转换为间接引语用if引导从句，语序用正常语序，时态做相应的变化，一般将来时转为过去将来时。故选择答案A。
知识点五 直接引语转为间接引语综合辨析
例5：Did you say __________?
A. that what he said was true B. that it was true that he said
C. what did he say was true D. what he said it was true
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你说他说的是真的吗？首先排除答案C，因为间接引语要用陈述句语序。再排除答案D，因为what有两个功能，一是引导从句，二是在从句中充当成分（在该从句中充当said的宾语），所以不能再出现it。答案B中的it不能引导从句。故选择答案A。
变式训练5：
1）John ________ me he was going to help me with my English.
A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said
【答案】C
【解析】句意：约翰告诉我他要帮我学英语。答案A中的explained后面跟sth. 或者to sb.即：explained sth.（to sb.）/ explained to sb. (sth.)；所以排除。答案B中的speak应该是speak to sb. / about sth.(sb.) 或者speak with sb. / about sth. (sb.)。答案D应该用said that+从句，或者said to sb.。故选择答案C。
2）He said that he ________ to music ________.
A. is listening；then B. listened；then
C. was listening；now D. was listening；then
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他说他那时正在听音乐。这是带有间接引语的宾语从句，其直接引语是：He said, “I am listening to music now. ” ；人称代词I 已经根据主句的人称转换为了he；一般现在时要转换为一般过去时，所以am转为was；时间做相应的变化，所以now转换为then。故选择答案D。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. This morning my mother asked me ________ .
A. why he is not here B. how did my brother do it
C. what time is it D. what Judy did over the weekend
【答案】D
【解析】句意：今天早上我妈妈问我朱蒂周末做了什么。主句的谓语动词asked是过去式，间接引语应用与过去有关的时态，并用陈述语序，只有选项D符合要求；故选择答案D。
2. The students said they ________ have a picnic together after the big test.
A. would love to B. would love C. had love D. had love
【答案】A
【解析】句意：学生们说他们喜欢在大测验后一起野餐。主句中的said是动词过去式，从after the big test可判断，间接引语应该用过去将来时；to have a picnic together是would love的宾语。故答案为A。
3. —What did the head teacher say at the meeting?
—He said，“We _______ be proud of working hard. We mustn’t be lazy. ”
A. must B. needn’t C. may D. can’t
【答案】A
【解析】 句意：—校长在会上说了什么？—他说：“我们必须以勤劳为荣。我们不能懒惰。这是一句直接引语，根据句意“我们必须以勤劳为荣，不应该懒惰”，答案B、C和D均不符合句意，只有答案A符合句意，故选择答案A。
4. Who can tell me at the meeting?
A. what he said B. he said what C. what did he say D. how he said
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这是我该做的。根据间接引语对连接词和语序的要求，排除B、C选项；said是及物动词，what作宾语；答案D不符合句意。故选择答案A。
5. Will you please tell us ________ before you came to our city?
A. where do you work B. where did you work
C. where you worked D. where have you worked
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你能告诉我们你来我们城市之前在哪里工作吗？从句应该是用陈述句语序；所以排除答案A、B和D。故选择答案C。
6. He asked _________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他问我买这把小提琴花了多少钱。间接引语用陈述句语序，所以排除答案A和C。该宾语从句的直接引语是一个由how much引出的特殊疑问句，特殊疑问句转为间接引语时，由该疑问词引导，用陈述句语序。故选择答案D。
7. Someone is ringing the doorbell. My mother said to me, go and see _______.
A.who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
【答案】D
【解析】句意：有人在按门铃。妈妈对我说，去看看是谁。不清楚所指的人是谁的时候，用it，不用he/she，所以排除答案A和B；答案C是直接引语，即引述的是原话；“who is it？”，转为间接引语时用陈述句语序，所以排除答案C；因此用who it is。故选择答案D。
8. He asks John ________ a doctor.
A. if he is B. whether you are C. whether is he D. if is he
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他问约翰是不是一名医生。这句话的直接引语是“Are you a doctor, John?”转为间接引语时，要将直接引语的主语you转为第三人称he，排除答案B；间接引语要用陈述句语序，所以答案C、D均为错误选项。故选择答案A。
9. She ________ us where ________ going to get off.
A. said；we were B. said；were we
C. asked；we were D. asked；were we
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她问我们在哪儿下车。首先排除答案A和B，因为said后面不能直接跟宾语us，常用的表达方式是said to sb. 或者... said, ...；再排除答案D，因为直接引语要用陈述句语序。故选择C。
10. He asked them who had given them a talk _________.
A. the day before yesterday B. the day before
C. the before day D. yesterday
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他问他们前一天谁给他们做的演讲。the day before yesterday用于直接引语，其间接引语应该是two days before，所以排除；the day before的间接引语是yesterday；答案C语序错误，答案D用于直接引语。故选择答案B。
11. She said ________ she ________ to pass the exam.
A. what；fails B. that；fails C. that；failed D. what；failed
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她说她考试不及格。what在从句中（在此处为间接引语）有两个功能：即充当主语或者宾语成分，又起连接作用，但是该从句中主语和宾语成分完整，所以要用在从句中不能充当成分的连接词that，因此排除答案A和D；主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，从句要转换成过去时态；故选择答案C。
12. The teacher told the students _________.
A. use their time wisely B. not waste their time
C. to use their time wisely D. to not waste their time
【答案】C
【解析】句意：老师告诉学生们要明智地利用时间。这句话的直接引语是祈使句“Use your time wisely.”转为间接引语用动词不定式结构，肯定式为to do，否定式为not to do；只有答案C符合；故选择答案C。
13. Mr. Wang said, the reason why he ________ he was too careless.
A. failed is because B. failed was that
C. failed was for D. failed is that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：王先生说，他失败的原因是他太粗心了。首先排除答案A和D，因为主句的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语要用过去时态；从间接引语中的he failed was ...可以看出这是一个表语从句，表语从句的主句的主语是reason，表语从句由that引导。故选答案B。
14. He said that he _______ pick _______ a passenger at super market..
A. will；up B. would；up C. will；out D. would；out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他说他会在超市接一名乘客。间接引语根据主句的谓语动词的时态排除答案A和C；pick up的意思是捎带乘客/让人搭自己的车；pick out是选择，挑选的意思。故选择B。
15. The teacher asked his students ______ their age to her. Tom said he ______ in 1993.
A. no tell；was born B. to tell；is born
C. no tell；was born D. to tell；was born
【答案】D
【解析】句意：老师让学生们把他们的年龄告诉她。汤姆说，他是1993年出生的。第一句的间接引语的原句子（直接引语）是一个祈使句，祈使句转换为间接引语用动词不定式结构，肯定式为to do，否定式为not to do，答案B和D符合，所以排除答案A和C。再看第二个空处也是间接引语，其前面主句的动词是过去时态，因此要用was；故选择答案D。
16. She asked me if I _________ in science.
A. am interesting B. was interesting
C. was interested D. am interested
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她问我是否对科学感兴趣。主句的谓语动词是过去时态，所以从句不能用一般现在时，因此排除答案A和D；对……感兴趣是be interested in…；故选择答案C。
17. He said that he had bought the book __________.
A. before the day B. yesterday C. the day before D. three days ago
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他说他前一天买的这本书。间接引语的时间状语要随着主句的谓语动词的时态变化，主句said是过去时态，所以排除答案A、B和D，因为答案A的词序错误，答案B和D是直接引语的时间状语。the day before（前一天）在间接引语中表示的是原话的昨天（yesterday）；three days ago 在间接引语中是three days before。故选择答案C。
18. The driver said that he _________ pick ________ a passenger at West Street.
A will；up B. would；up C. will；out D. would；out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：司机说他会在西街搭载一名乘客。pick up是搭载（让他人乘自己的车）、开车接人、捡起的意思；pick out是挑选，精心选取，取出的意思。主句的谓语动词是过去时态，所以从句用would。故选择答案B。
19. He said he __________ in 1988.
A .has born B. had been born C. had born D. was born
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他说，他是1988年出生的。直接引语陈述的是一个过去的事实，间接引语的时态根据情况可以变化或者不变化，主句的谓语动词虽然用的是过去时态，但在过去陈述的是发生在过去的事实，时态不用转换。故选择答案D。
20. The girl ________ she ________ sorry for being late for class.
A. said that；is B. said what；was
C. said that；was D. said what；is
【答案】C
【解析】句意：女孩说她为上课迟到感到抱歉。其直接引语是“I'm sorry for being late for class.”转为间接引语，遵从一主、二宾、三不变的原则，从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。谓语动词随人称的变化而变化，并转为过去时态。故选择答案C。
二、句型训练（Put the direct speech into indirect speech）
1. The teacher says to me, "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →
【答案】 The teacher told me that I must / had to pay more attention to my pronunciation.
【解析】 直接引语中的情态动词must转为间接引语时可以有两种情况，即可用must，也可以用had to。人称与时态需要根据实际情况转变。（老师告诉我必须多加注意我的发音。）
2. He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →
【答案】 He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
【解析】 从句是第一人称要随着主句主语进行变化，现在完成时态转换为过去完成时态。（他告诉我自从他到这里以来他就教英语。）
3. Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→
【答案】 Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
【解析】 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变；但是人称与系动词作相应的变化，语序转换为陈述句语序。（杰克在街上遇见约翰时，问他要去哪里。）
4. The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →
【答案】The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
【解析】 直接引语如果是一般现在时.表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。注意人称做了相应的变化。（那个女孩说她每天早上六点起床。）
5. The teacher said, "The earth goes round the sun." →
【答案】 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
【解析】 直接引语如果是表示客观真理，变为间接引语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。（老师说地球绕太阳转。）
6. He said “I am listening to music now.” →
【答案】He said that he was listening to music then.
【解析】 直接引语变间接引语时，要注意时间状语的改变。此句中now改为了then。（他说他那时正在听音乐。）
7.“I like these better than she does,” he said to me. →
【答案】 He told me that he liked those better than she did.
【解析】 直接引语变为间接引语时，有些代词需要作相应的变化，this和these通常变为that和those。有时人称代词要根据情况作适当调整。（他告诉我他比她更喜欢那些东西。）
8. She said, “I went to see Mr. Liu yesterday.”
【答案】 She said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before.
【解析】 她说：人称代词、动词时态、时间状语都做了相应的变化。特别是时间状语yesterday转换为the day before，这一点需要特别注意。（她说那天她去看过刘老师了。）
9. “He will come here today,” she said. →
【答案】 She said that he would go there that day.
【解析】 直接引语变为间接引语时，有的动词需要改变。come变为go；bring 改为 take 等。如果地点和场所未发生改变，come和bring等也可不变。（她说那天他会去那儿。）
10. “ What a clever boy you are!”, my teacher said to him.
【答案】 My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.
【解析】 直接引语若是感叹句,变为间接引语时多采用宾语从句结构,即可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。因此答案有两种不同的情况。（我的老师告诉他，他是个多么聪明的男孩。我的老师告诉他，他是一个非常聪明的男孩。/）
三、Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
她说他们的公共汽车五分钟后到。
2. Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
小王说他出生于1980年4月20日
3. The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，月亮绕着地球转。
4. He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would go.
他问我是否确定我妈妈会去。
5. Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
妈妈问我看电视前是否做完了作业。
6. She said that she was glad to see us.
她说她很高兴见到我们。
She said that she had gone to see Mr. Liu the day before.
她说那天她去看过刘老师了。
The teacher told the students that she would give them a surprise．
老师告诉学生们她会给他们一个惊喜。
He asked us if we were going away that day．
他问我们那天是否要离开。
10. The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.
警察命令我们不要在街上踢足球。
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 他说他每天早上六点起床。
He said he gets up at six every morning.
她告诉孩子们不要吵闹。
She told the children not to make any noise.
他说他很了解那位老师。
He said that he knew a lot about the teacher.
他说他那时正在听音乐。
He said that he was listening to music then.
他说他想买本字典。
He said that he wanted to buy a dictionary.
他说他累了，想休息一下。
He said that he was tired and that he wanted to have a rest.
他问我是否喜欢看电视
He asked me if / whether I liked watching TV.
老师问她为什么拒绝去那里。
The teacher asked why she refused to go there.
他说他的儿子1995年出生的。
He said that his son was born in 1995.
她说那天他会去上海
She said that he would go to Shanghai that day.
