中考语法专题系列-句子基本结构+非谓语动词

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


Chapter Seven 句子基本结构
主+谓: 为最简单的句子结构
谓语为动词，动词分为：及物动词+宾语（如：read a book）
不及物动词+介+宾语（如：look at the picture）
主语的构成：1.名词、代词、数词
2.v-ing短语 如：Playing basketball is interesting.
3.to do短语 如：To say is easy.
4.主语从句（初中不涉及）
注意：to do直接做句子主语的情况不常用，通常使用it做形式主语，to do做真正主语，中考中主要体现在一下两个句型。
1.It is/was +adj/名词+(of/for) sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样。
For sb表示“对某人来说”，of sb 表示“某人怎么样”
例：It is important for us to study well.
It is nice of you to help me.
2.It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间。
It takes me 20 minutes to go to school every day.
3.it做形式主语的情况补充：
It is said（据说）/ reported（据报道）/ believed（普遍认为） that + 句子
例：It is believed that Jack was the first man to get to the space.

句子谓语的构成：1. be动词单独做谓语（表示：是；很；在）
例：I am a teacher.
2.情态动词+V原 例：You can come here tomorrow.
3.实义动词做谓语（涉及各种时态和被动语态）
例：I was watching TV at that time. (主动过去进行)
The boy was punished by the teacher. (被动过去）
主+谓+(介）+宾:
宾语的构成：1.名词、代词、数词
2.v-ing短语 如：Playing basketball is interesting.
3.to do短语 如：To say is easy.
4.宾语从句（专题讲解）
例：I like English.
I enjoy reading books.
I want to study a second language.
I wonder where we will go.
注意：
1.主+谓+_______（动词）+名词。在此结构中动词短语做动词的宾语，只有to do和doing两种情况。
只需要记住后面只能+doing做宾语的动词：
Mind(介意），can’t help(禁不住), consider(考虑），suggest(建议), avoid（避免），
Enjoy(喜欢），continue(继续），keep(保持), finish(完成), practice(练习)

2.介词+doing sth/ sth做宾语：（牢记！！！）
如：what about going to the beach next week?
小心陷阱：This is the best way I can think of______ him.
A.help B.helping C.to help
3.介词省略的情况：
Be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做...
Spend+钱/时间 （in）doing sth. 花时间/金钱做某事
Have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面遇到麻烦
4.to是介词，后面+doing的情况：
Be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于...
Look forward to doing sth. 期盼做...
Pay attention to doing sth. 注意做...
Stick to doing sth. 坚持做...
5.既能接to do也能接doing做宾语的几组词：
Like to do (某一次想做某事） would like to do
Like doing (习惯做某事） feel like doing sth.
Stop to do sth. (停下手头事去做别的事）
Stop doing sth (停下手头做的事）
Remember/forget/regret to do sth. (去做某事)
Remember/forget/regret to do sth. (做过某事)

主+谓+宾+宾: （此结构比较简单）
第一个宾语是“间接宾语，常用于人或动物”，第二宾语是“直接宾语，常用于物体”。
例：Jack told me a funny story. me为间接宾语， a story 为直接宾语。
常见的接双宾语的动词有：give, tell, show, ask, pass，bring等。

主+谓+宾+宾补: （此结构稍复杂）
宾补是对宾语的状态，动作的补充说明，常用动词短语，形容词、名词作宾补。
常考的使用宾补的情况：
1.谓语+宾语+ to do的情况：（一般情况下动词做宾补用to do结构）
My parents ask me (not) to swim in the river alone. 注意否定的位置（常考）
注意：谓语+宾语+do/ doing/ done的情况：
使役动词：make/ have/ let sb do sth. 使/让某人做某事（主动）
Make/have sb doing sth. 使/让某人一直做某事（一般不考）
Make/have sb done.使/让某人被... （很少考）
例：My mom always makes me do housework.
I had my hair cut just now. (被剪)

感官动词：see, hear, find, feel, watch等
+sb+ do 表示看到/听到 “全过程或者经常的动作”
+sb.+ doing 表示当时“动作正在进行”

保持动词：keep +sb+ doing 让某人一直做...
2.谓语+宾语+形容词/名词的情况：
Make/ drive/ let+ sb/sth+ 形容词
例：The story made me sad.
We made Tom our leader.

主+系+表语:
系动词包括：1.be动词
2.感官动词（sound, feel, smell, taste, look）
3.变化动词：turn, get, become等
4.保持动词：keep, remain,stay等
例：we should keep quiet in public.
His face turned red when he tole a lie.
Her voice sounds sweet.
表语包括：1.名词、形容词、数词、代词
2.介词短语
3.表语从句（中考不涉及）

















非谓语练习
1．[2017·湘潭]Sometimes you have to stop ________ too much and just go where your heart takes you.
A．think B．to think C．thinking
2．[2017·益阳]It's necessary for you ________ the classroom clean, class.
A．keep B．keeping C．to keep
3．[2017·邵阳]My little brother didn't go to bed until he finished ________ his homework last night.
A．do B．doing C．to do
4．[2017·岳阳]Though he often made his little sister ________， today he was made ________ by her.
A．cry; to cry B．cried; crying C．to cry; cry
5．[2017·长沙模拟]I will make an effort ________ more to keep fit.
A．exercise B．exercising C．to exercise
6．[2017·自贡]—Would you mind ________ me how to remember English words?
—Of course not.
A．tell B．to tell C．telling
7．[2017·建设兵团改编] The headmaster warns us ________ the school rules, or we'll be punished.
A．to break B．not to break C．don't break
8．[2017·龙东]—Would you mind ________ here?
—Of course not. I'll ________ my cigarette at once.
A．not smoking; put away B．not smoking; put out C．not to smoking; put off
9．[2017·哈尔滨] My favorite TV program is Readers. I think we should spend as much time as we can ________in our spare time.
A．read B．to read C．reading
10．[2017·海南]After two hours' drive, the driver decided ________ and have a rest
A．stop B．to stop C．stopping
11．[2017·成都]Our English teacher wants us ________ English stories out of class.
A．read B．reading C．to read
12．[2017·乐山]—I didn't hear you come in just now.
—That's good. I tried ________ the baby up.
A．to wake B．not to wake C．waking
13．[2018·原创]Lynn used to ___ to work, but now she is used to ___ because she lives a little farther than before.
A．walk; driving B．walk; drive C．walking; drive
14. 【2018成都】I got up early this morning____ my grandma at the airport.
A．to pick up B．picking up C．picked up
15.[【2018重庆】_____ me a chance and I’ll bring you a surprise.
A．Give B．Giving C．Gives D. To give
16. 【2018云南】Our parents won’t allow us_____ in the river alone.
A.swim B.to swim C. swimming D.swam
17.【2018天津】Harry invited me_____ with him when his parents were out of town.
A．stay B．stayed C．staying D.to stay
18.【2018上海】Sue practices _____ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.
A.play B．played C．to play D.playing
19.【2018临沂】I didn’t see you_____ in. You must have been very quiet.
A．comes B．to come C.come D.have come
20. 【2018包头】As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and ___ them.
A．corrects B．correct C．to correct D.correcting




参考答案：
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