2018-2019学年高二英语人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity同步练习
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| 名称 | 2018-2019学年高二英语人教版选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity同步练习 |  | |
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Unit 1 A land of diversity
1、There is a(n) _____________between what he says and what he does. Don’t trust him.
A.application B.determination C.resolution D.distinction
2、You have only written one best-selling novel. If you do not continue working hard, will you plan to______ it for the rest of your life?
A.live in B.live on C.live out D.live with
3、The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house ______ a ladder.
A.by the means???????????B.by all means C.by ways of????????????D.by means of
4、When people move to a foreign country, they often try ______ the customs of their own.
A.to keep up?????B.to keep on?????C.keeping up?????D.keeping on
5、Words like “discount” never fail to ???????????? ?people, especially women, though they might not need what is being promoted.
A.appeal to B.reply to C.occur to D.stick to
6、It’s increasingly ______ that the White House’s purpose is little about unfair trade, but about the dominance of the whole Asia-Pacific region.
A.ambiguous?????B.appropriate?????C.fundamental?????D.apparent
7、—What do you think of the professor’s speech?
—I was listening carefully but I could not ________ everything he said. He spoke too many local idioms.
A.take on?????B.take in?????C.take up?????D.takeover
8???????????? the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A.Why B.When C.That D.What
9、?It was a matter of ?????????would take the position.
A.whoever?????B.who????????C.whomever?????D.whom
10、The problem is _______ to take the place of Jim.
A.who can we get??????B.what we can get C.who we can get??????D.that we can get
11、______ makes me feel worried is _______ singing stars are centered on by masses of teenagers today.
A.What; what?????B.That; that?????C.What; that?????D.That; what
阅读理解
12、???As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
?? Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
?? In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
?? The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
?? The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
?? Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.To explain Americans' love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
2.What has the use of cars in America led to?
A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.
3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.
13????One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country. ??? "I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age," Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. "I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future." After only six months of being cared by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions,his dad says.
Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots. "Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture(文化)," she says. ??? "Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom," says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children. But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12." ??? The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.
七选五
14、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures ? ?
??? The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. ①?__________.???
??? The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ②__________.
??? When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the MesopotamiaPlain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. ③__________Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlanta Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
??? At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries.④__________
??? The differences are everywhere. ⑤__________But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.
B. And these two are well- known as the base of the European culture.
C. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
E. They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
语法填空
15、??? In December 2013, I had to spend Christmas in ①__________countryside of Nigeria with my husband’s family, who never had the tradition?②__________(celebrate) this holiday.
??? It was my first Christmas away from America in many years, and there was a feeling of loss in this rural village,?③__________there wasn’t even an atmosphere of the holiday.?④__________in the end, I made a decision—if they could not bring Christmas to me, I would bring it to them.
??? My in-laws helped me look through their storage to find my old Christmas tree, which I ⑤__________(buy) years before in Africa.⑥__________I was delighted to see was that the ornaments(装饰物)were still there and the string of lights even worked.
??? I took out my classic chocolate cake recipe, and made wonderful dessert for the family—a little creamy, but still ⑦__________(satisfy). On Christmas Day, I shared the spirit of giving ⑧__________presenting relatives in the village with imported chocolates?⑨__________(wrap) in festive gold paper.
??? Everyone in the family responded with such warm smiles. It wasn’t Christmas like I remembered, yet it left a lasting⑩__________(impress) on me.
1.What does the term “au pair” in the text mean? A.A mother raising her children on her own. B.A child learning a foreign language at home. C.A professor in language education of children. D.A young foreign woman taking care of children. 2.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ____. A.to live in China some day B.to speak the language at home C.to catch up with other children D.to learn about the Chinese culture 3.What can we infer from the text? A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America. B.Educated women do better in looking after children. C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills. D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案： D
2答案及解析：
答案： B
解析： 句意:你只写了一本畅销小说,如果你不继续努力,你打算后半生靠这本书生活吗?live on意为“靠为生”,符合句意。
3答案及解析：
答案：D
解析：by means of固定词组,意为“通过……的方法”。
4答案及解析：
答案：A
解析：try to do sth“尽力做某事”;try doing sth“尝试做某事”。keep sth up意思是“沿袭(保持)某事物”。由句意可知正确选项为A。
5答案及解析：
答案： C
解析： 句意:像“折扣”这样的词语总是吸引着人们,特别是女性,尽管她们或许不需要正在促销的东西。appeal to吸引某人,使感兴趣;reply to回复,回答;occur to使想起,发生;stick to坚持。
6答案及解析：
答案：D
7答案及解析：
答案：B
8答案及解析：
答案： B
解析： 句意:那班延误的航班何时起飞大部分取决于天气。空处用表示时间的连接词来引导主语从句。
9答案及解析：
答案：B
10答案及解析：
答案：C
11答案及解析：
答案：C
12答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C
解析：文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用,也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
1. ?推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响,故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,美国汽车的迅速发展,导致全球生态灾难,也就是造成环境问题。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.可见,Friedman虽然对未来担心,但抱有最好的希望,他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的,故选C。
点睛:细节理解题的具体方法:
1.略读材料,大概了解原文,掌握中心或主旨。
2. 按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上.快速通篇跳读.全文扫视.找到细节出处。待找到含细节句子时.放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案。如小题1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用.根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shapedsome of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard,the motel, even the hamburger可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响。
13答案及解析：
答案： 1.D; 2.D; 3.A
解析： 1.推理判断题。由第二段中约瑟夫请了一个25岁的中国女子照顾他两岁的儿子,以此给儿子创造学习汉语的机会,和第三段中一位华侨母亲也以这种方式教育自己的两个孩子,以及第四段中一位语言教授提到的“和说母语的人在一起学习语言比在教室好”等信息可知,au pair指的是负责照顾孩子的外国保姆。A项指的是“独自抚养孩子的母亲”,B项指“在家里学习外语的孩子”,C项指“儿童语言教育方面的教授”,这些均不是au pair所指代的内容。 2.细节理解题。结合第三段的内容可知,她本是一名中国人,但还是请了一位说汉语的保姆来让孩子们学习汉语,再根据她所说的“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to the language and culture.可知,她这样做的目的是让孩子们接触中国的语言和文化,故选D项。A项指“将来有一天居住在中国”,B项指“在家里说汉语”,C项指“赶上其他的孩子们”,这些信息在文章中都没有提及。 3.主旨大意题。本文通过列举一些具体的例子,说明了美国的父母们正在兴起一种“au pair”热,即通过请说汉语的中国保姆来照顾自己的孩子,从而让孩子们有机会学习汉语。这说明了汉语在美国日益受到欢迎,因此选A项。而B项指“受过教育的妇女在照顾孩子方面更擅长”,与本文的主要内容没有关系;C项虽然提到了Chinese au pairs,但是其侧重点却在她们需要提高自己的英语技能上;D项说“孩子们可以在6个月内学好一门外语”,这与本文中儿童语言教育学家说的“Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”相矛盾。 【长难句分析】The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese.由于想让孩子学习汉语的美国父母的数量持续增加,来自中国的保姆的受欢迎度已经得到加强。该句是复合句。主句中谓语是现在完成时的被动结构,by引出方式状语,该状语中who引导定语从句,修饰American parents。
14答案及解析：
答案：D; F; B; G; E
解析：
语篇解读本文详细介绍了东西方两种文化的由来以及它们之间的差异。
1.?D过渡句。下文都是与两种不同的文化体系有关的论述,由此判断,本题应为“造成文化差异总的原因”。D项既是对上文内容的解释,又引出了下文的介绍,起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。
2.?F细节句。根据空前信息可知，中国的黄河和印度的印度河孕育了东方的这两大文化,F项与上句为承接关系，进一步解释了这两条河对各自文化发展所起的推动作用。故选F。
3.?B过渡句。上文中提到西方的两种早期文化,即美索不达米亚文化和后来的古罗马文化。而B项中的“these two”指代上文中的这两种文化,且下文中出现的“ European culture”也与B项信息对应,故选B。
4.?G细节句。分析空前信息可知,由于东方和西方之间遥远的距离和陡峭的地区,几个世纪以来,这两种文化很少沟通:由此判断,东西方文化在很长一段时间里各自成长。G项对上文进行作出了进一步的解释,符合题意。故选G。
5.?E细节句。本段首句表明,文化差异无处不在。 E项分析了文化差异对人们的影响,与上文一致.故选E。
15答案及解析：
答案： the; to celebrate; where; But; had bought; What; satisfying/ satisfactory; by; wrapped; impression
1、There is a(n) _____________between what he says and what he does. Don’t trust him.
A.application B.determination C.resolution D.distinction
2、You have only written one best-selling novel. If you do not continue working hard, will you plan to______ it for the rest of your life?
A.live in B.live on C.live out D.live with
3、The police looked into the case carefully and found the thief had entered the house ______ a ladder.
A.by the means???????????B.by all means C.by ways of????????????D.by means of
4、When people move to a foreign country, they often try ______ the customs of their own.
A.to keep up?????B.to keep on?????C.keeping up?????D.keeping on
5、Words like “discount” never fail to ???????????? ?people, especially women, though they might not need what is being promoted.
A.appeal to B.reply to C.occur to D.stick to
6、It’s increasingly ______ that the White House’s purpose is little about unfair trade, but about the dominance of the whole Asia-Pacific region.
A.ambiguous?????B.appropriate?????C.fundamental?????D.apparent
7、—What do you think of the professor’s speech?
—I was listening carefully but I could not ________ everything he said. He spoke too many local idioms.
A.take on?????B.take in?????C.take up?????D.takeover
8???????????? the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A.Why B.When C.That D.What
9、?It was a matter of ?????????would take the position.
A.whoever?????B.who????????C.whomever?????D.whom
10、The problem is _______ to take the place of Jim.
A.who can we get??????B.what we can get C.who we can get??????D.that we can get
11、______ makes me feel worried is _______ singing stars are centered on by masses of teenagers today.
A.What; what?????B.That; that?????C.What; that?????D.That; what
阅读理解
12、???As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
?? Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
?? In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
?? The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
?? The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
?? Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.To explain Americans' love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
2.What has the use of cars in America led to?
A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.
3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.
13????One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that’s true all across the country. ??? "I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age," Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. "I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future." After only six months of being cared by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions,his dad says.
Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots. "Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture(文化)," she says. ??? "Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom," says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children. But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12." ??? The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.
七选五
14、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Different Cultures ? ?
??? The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. ①?__________.???
??? The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. ②__________.
??? When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the MesopotamiaPlain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. ③__________Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlanta Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
??? At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries.④__________
??? The differences are everywhere. ⑤__________But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.
B. And these two are well- known as the base of the European culture.
C. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
E. They are obvious and affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
语法填空
15、??? In December 2013, I had to spend Christmas in ①__________countryside of Nigeria with my husband’s family, who never had the tradition?②__________(celebrate) this holiday.
??? It was my first Christmas away from America in many years, and there was a feeling of loss in this rural village,?③__________there wasn’t even an atmosphere of the holiday.?④__________in the end, I made a decision—if they could not bring Christmas to me, I would bring it to them.
??? My in-laws helped me look through their storage to find my old Christmas tree, which I ⑤__________(buy) years before in Africa.⑥__________I was delighted to see was that the ornaments(装饰物)were still there and the string of lights even worked.
??? I took out my classic chocolate cake recipe, and made wonderful dessert for the family—a little creamy, but still ⑦__________(satisfy). On Christmas Day, I shared the spirit of giving ⑧__________presenting relatives in the village with imported chocolates?⑨__________(wrap) in festive gold paper.
??? Everyone in the family responded with such warm smiles. It wasn’t Christmas like I remembered, yet it left a lasting⑩__________(impress) on me.
1.What does the term “au pair” in the text mean? A.A mother raising her children on her own. B.A child learning a foreign language at home. C.A professor in language education of children. D.A young foreign woman taking care of children. 2.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ____. A.to live in China some day B.to speak the language at home C.to catch up with other children D.to learn about the Chinese culture 3.What can we infer from the text? A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America. B.Educated women do better in looking after children. C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills. D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案： D
2答案及解析：
答案： B
解析： 句意:你只写了一本畅销小说,如果你不继续努力,你打算后半生靠这本书生活吗?live on意为“靠为生”,符合句意。
3答案及解析：
答案：D
解析：by means of固定词组,意为“通过……的方法”。
4答案及解析：
答案：A
解析：try to do sth“尽力做某事”;try doing sth“尝试做某事”。keep sth up意思是“沿袭(保持)某事物”。由句意可知正确选项为A。
5答案及解析：
答案： C
解析： 句意:像“折扣”这样的词语总是吸引着人们,特别是女性,尽管她们或许不需要正在促销的东西。appeal to吸引某人,使感兴趣;reply to回复,回答;occur to使想起,发生;stick to坚持。
6答案及解析：
答案：D
7答案及解析：
答案：B
8答案及解析：
答案： B
解析： 句意:那班延误的航班何时起飞大部分取决于天气。空处用表示时间的连接词来引导主语从句。
9答案及解析：
答案：B
10答案及解析：
答案：C
11答案及解析：
答案：C
12答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C
解析：文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用,也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
1. ?推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响,故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,美国汽车的迅速发展,导致全球生态灾难,也就是造成环境问题。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.可见,Friedman虽然对未来担心,但抱有最好的希望,他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的,故选C。
点睛:细节理解题的具体方法:
1.略读材料,大概了解原文,掌握中心或主旨。
2. 按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上.快速通篇跳读.全文扫视.找到细节出处。待找到含细节句子时.放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案。如小题1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用.根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shapedsome of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard,the motel, even the hamburger可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响。
13答案及解析：
答案： 1.D; 2.D; 3.A
解析： 1.推理判断题。由第二段中约瑟夫请了一个25岁的中国女子照顾他两岁的儿子,以此给儿子创造学习汉语的机会,和第三段中一位华侨母亲也以这种方式教育自己的两个孩子,以及第四段中一位语言教授提到的“和说母语的人在一起学习语言比在教室好”等信息可知,au pair指的是负责照顾孩子的外国保姆。A项指的是“独自抚养孩子的母亲”,B项指“在家里学习外语的孩子”,C项指“儿童语言教育方面的教授”,这些均不是au pair所指代的内容。 2.细节理解题。结合第三段的内容可知,她本是一名中国人,但还是请了一位说汉语的保姆来让孩子们学习汉语,再根据她所说的“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to the language and culture.可知,她这样做的目的是让孩子们接触中国的语言和文化,故选D项。A项指“将来有一天居住在中国”,B项指“在家里说汉语”,C项指“赶上其他的孩子们”,这些信息在文章中都没有提及。 3.主旨大意题。本文通过列举一些具体的例子,说明了美国的父母们正在兴起一种“au pair”热,即通过请说汉语的中国保姆来照顾自己的孩子,从而让孩子们有机会学习汉语。这说明了汉语在美国日益受到欢迎,因此选A项。而B项指“受过教育的妇女在照顾孩子方面更擅长”,与本文的主要内容没有关系;C项虽然提到了Chinese au pairs,但是其侧重点却在她们需要提高自己的英语技能上;D项说“孩子们可以在6个月内学好一门外语”,这与本文中儿童语言教育学家说的“Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”相矛盾。 【长难句分析】The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese.由于想让孩子学习汉语的美国父母的数量持续增加,来自中国的保姆的受欢迎度已经得到加强。该句是复合句。主句中谓语是现在完成时的被动结构,by引出方式状语,该状语中who引导定语从句,修饰American parents。
14答案及解析：
答案：D; F; B; G; E
解析：
语篇解读本文详细介绍了东西方两种文化的由来以及它们之间的差异。
1.?D过渡句。下文都是与两种不同的文化体系有关的论述,由此判断,本题应为“造成文化差异总的原因”。D项既是对上文内容的解释,又引出了下文的介绍,起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。
2.?F细节句。根据空前信息可知，中国的黄河和印度的印度河孕育了东方的这两大文化,F项与上句为承接关系，进一步解释了这两条河对各自文化发展所起的推动作用。故选F。
3.?B过渡句。上文中提到西方的两种早期文化,即美索不达米亚文化和后来的古罗马文化。而B项中的“these two”指代上文中的这两种文化,且下文中出现的“ European culture”也与B项信息对应,故选B。
4.?G细节句。分析空前信息可知,由于东方和西方之间遥远的距离和陡峭的地区,几个世纪以来,这两种文化很少沟通:由此判断,东西方文化在很长一段时间里各自成长。G项对上文进行作出了进一步的解释,符合题意。故选G。
5.?E细节句。本段首句表明,文化差异无处不在。 E项分析了文化差异对人们的影响,与上文一致.故选E。
15答案及解析：
答案： the; to celebrate; where; But; had bought; What; satisfying/ satisfactory; by; wrapped; impression