2019中考英语专题1：名词（带答案）

芝麻开门



知己知彼
考纲
近三年中考分布
2016年
2017年
2018年
名词
理解并能区分所学的可数名词和不可数名词
完形填空
第35/37/45题(3分)
完形填空
第39/41/47题(3分)
★熟练掌握所学可数名词复数的构成及用法
完形填空
第35题(1分)
★掌握物质名词及其量的表达方式，如：a cup of tea
★掌握常用专有名词的一般用法，如：China, Jim, the Great Wall等
★熟练掌握名词所有格的用法，如：Lucy’s coat, the name of the street等
了解集合名词(people/class)和抽象名词(homework)的概念和一般用法
完形填空
第36/37题(2分)
揭秘：在完形中主要考查句意理解及名词词义辨析，难度较大。要求考生不仅能够熟记词义，还必须能够根据上下文联系选出最佳答案。
沙场点兵
用兵如神
考点一: 可数名词复数的构成及用法
【典型例题】
I am going to the supermarket to buy some ______ this afternoon.【2018 江西】
A. pencil B. eggs C. spoon D. bowl
【考点精析】B.
句意：我打算今天下午去超市买一些________。
解题思路：
1. 看题干：some。some加可数名词复数或不可数名词
2. 看选项：pencil/ egg/ spoon/ bowl均是可数名词，应该用复数形式。故选B。
【举一反三】
【即学即练】
写出下列名词的正确形式
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There are some________(box) in the corner.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
6. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.
7. Their________(book) are new.
8. They are________(woman) doctors.
【答案】1. sheep 2. boxes 3. teeth 4. water 5. tomatoes 6. children 7. books 8. women
【即学即练】
1. 我花了三年的时间终于梦想成真。【2018朝阳一模】
It took me three years to make _________ come true at last.
2. 李磊不仅指出了错误，还告诉我如何处理这样的问题。【2018通州一模】
Li Lei not only pointed out ____________ but also told me how to deal with such kind of problems.
3. 李华帮妈妈做完家务才开始复习功课。【2018房山一模】
Li Hua didn’t go over __________ until he helped _____________ finish the housework.
4. 往往是火灾发生时，人们才意识到了解消防知识的重要性。【2018燕山一模】
Usually people don’t realize the importance of knowing some knowledge about fire fighting until ________
happens.
5. 对于学生来说，花大量的时间进行英语阅读是有必要的。【2018通州二模】
It is necessary for __________ to spend a lot of time reading English.
6. 人们往往特别害怕犯错以致于不能解决问题。【2018密云二模】
People usually are so afraid of making ______________ that they can’t solve ___________.
7. 我可以给他留个口信吗？【2018东城一模】
May I leave ______________ to him?
8. 我们想告诉老师，不要阻止我们尝试我们的新想法。【2018昌平一模】
We want to tell _____________ not to stop us from trying out _______________________.
9. 对学生而言，多做一些课外阅读是很重要的。【2018石景山一模】
It’s very important for _____________ to do more after-class reading.
10. 对家长来说，学会如何用正确的方式培养教育孩子们是很重要的。【2018通州一模】
It’s very important for _____________ to learn how to bring up their children with _________________.
11. 为了节能我们应该人走灯灭。 【2018平谷一模】
In order to save energy, we should turn off ___________ as soon as we leave.
12. 雨下得真大，天放晴了飞机才起飞。【2018房山一模】
It rained so heavily that _________ didn’t take off until it cleared up.
【答案】
1. my dream 2. my mistakes 3. lessons; his mother 4. fires / a fire
5. students 6. mistakes; problems 7. a message 8. the teacher(s); our new ideas
9. students 10. parents; the right ways 11. the lights 12. the plane;
考点二: 名词的“量”
【典型例题】
I’m so hungry. Please give me __________ to eat. 【2018遂宁】
A. three bread B. three breads C. three pieces of bread D. three pieces of breads
【考点精析】C.
句意：我很饿，请给我三片面包吃吧。
解题思路：bread不可数，不能用数词或者复数形式，排除A、B和D。故选C。
【举一反三】
【即学即练】
一. 单项选择
1. -- Can I help you, sir? 【2018四川德阳】
-- I’d like to have 100 _____. I want my students to draw pictures.
A. paper B. papers C. pieces of paper D. pieces of papers
2. -- Mr. Smith always has _____ to tell us. 【2018贵州安顺】
-- So he does.
A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news
C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
3. -- Miss Li, could you give me ______ on English learning? 【2018四川广安】
-- Certainly. First you should speak English every day.
A. any advices B. many advices C. some advice
4. -- What would you like?
-- I’d like two _______.
A. kilo of tomato B. kilo of tomatoes C. kilos of tomatoes D. kilos of tomato
5. _________ meat is in the fridge, and _______ hamburgers are in the bag.
A. Many; a little B. Much; a little C. Much; a few D. Many; a few
6. There is ________ paper on the table. Do you know who put it there?
A. a bowl of B. a piece of C. a cup of D. a glass of
7. Don’t worry. We have _______ oranges. Everyone could have one.
A. many B. much C. little D. few
8. Look! Two bottles of water ________ on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
9. I’d like three ________ of _________.
A. pound; grape B. pounds; grape C. pound; grapes D. pounds; grapes
10. -- Would you like some ________?
　 -- No, thank you. I'm not thirsty at all.
　A. bananas B. water C. rice D. oranges
11. Please pass us _________.
　A. two glass of milk B. two glass of milks C. two glasses of milks D. two glasses of milk
12. These Germans want to have some ________ for supper, so they decide to catch ________ now.
　A. fish; many B. fishes; much C. fish; much D. fishes; many
13. -- What would you like, sir?
-- _____________ .
A. Two pop B. Two bottles pops C. Two bottles of pop D. Two bottles of pops
【答案】1-5 CACCC 6-10 BABDB 11-13 DAC
二. 按提示完成下列句子
1. 瓶子里还有很多牛奶。
There is still much _________ in the bottle.
2. 我们有一些苹果在袋子里。
We have a few _________ in the bag.
3. 这些年他挣了很多钱。
He has made a lot of __________ during these years.
4. 桌子上有一袋香蕉。
________________________ on the table.
5. 冰箱里有四瓶橙汁。
________________________ in the fridge.
6. ___________ flowers are on the teacher’s desk. (Many / Much)
7. There is only _______ rice left. Could you buy me some? (a few / a little)
8. I have _________ books on my bookshelf. (a few / a little)
9. There is ______ food for lunch. Let’s go and buy some. (a lot of / a little)
10. The boy always spends _______ time playing computer games every day. (many / much)
11. 厨房里有两袋大米。
___________________________________________ in the kitchen.
12. 冰箱里有三瓶酸奶。
___________________________________________ in the fridge.
13. 教室里有32套桌椅。
___________________________________________ in the classroom.
14. Lily有六双鞋子。
Lily has _____________________________________.
【答案】
1. milk 2. apples 3. money
4. There is a bag of bananas 5. There are four bottles of orange 6. Many
7. a little 8. a few 9. a little
10. much 11. There are two bags of rice 12. There are three bottles of yogurt
13. There are 32 sets of desks and chairs 14. six pairs of shoes
考点三: 名词所有格
【典型例题】
-- How far is your cousin's home from here?【2018湖北随州】
-- It's about two_______ ride.
A. hour's B. hours C. hours' D. hour
【考点精析】C.
句意：“从这到你堂兄家有多远？”“（骑车）大概两小时的（路程）。”
解题思路：
1. 看题干：根据题意“两小时的……”，判断出该题考查名词所有格
2. 看选项：名词所有格=名词+’s，排除B和D；“两小时”为复数，只加’。故选C。
【举一反三】
【即学即练】
1. 安(Ann)的帽子___________________________________
2. 露茜和莉莉合用的卧室 _____________________________________
3. 儿童节_____________________________________
4. 那群女孩的照片_____________________________________
5. 书桌的四条腿 _____________________________________
6. 一幅四川地图 _____________________________________
7. 杰克和约翰(各自)的钢笔 _____________________________________
8. 我的猫的名字 _____________________________________
【答案】1. Ann’s hat 2. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom 3. Children’s Day 4. those girls’ photos
5. four legs of the table 6. a map of Sichuan 7. Jack’s and John’s pens 8. the name of my cat

考点四: 名词词义的辨析
【典型例题】
-- It's a wise ________ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well.【2018江苏连云港】
-- Thank you very much.
A. choice B. support C. mixture D. honor
【考点精析】A.
句意：戴白色领带是明智的选择，它与你的衬衫很搭。
解题思路：根据文意或上下文的暗示，选择适合文章或句子意思的名词。
【即学即练】
1. -- Do you think the __________ of this skirt suits me?【2018山东滨州】
-- Of course! You always look beautiful in red.
A. size B. design C. price D. color
2. -- Would you like some _______?【2018浙江宁波】
-- No, thanks. I’m not hungry at all.
A. water B. soup C. orange D. bread
3. Being honest is the first ______ if you want to make friends with others.【2018浙江丽水】
A. step B. time C. job D. hand
4. -- Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today.【2018浙江丽水】
-- Don’t worry. I will keep the ______.
A. secret B. money C. address D. grade
5. Lee is new in Nanchang. Maybe he needs a _____for sightseeing.【2018江西南昌】
A. watch B. ticket C. map D. notebook
6. You'd better read the_________ first before you use the camera.【2018浙江舟山】
A. websites B. expressions C. instructions D. advertisements
7. Would you please pass me the _______? I need to look up a word in it.【2018 浙江衢州】
A. bag B. box C. paper D. dictionary
【答案】1.D 2.D 3.A 4.A 5. C 6. C 7.D
过关斩将
一. 单项选择
1. Please pick up these _______. Don’t keep them on the floor.【2018梧州】
A. paper B. boxes C. book D. bottle
2. Cici enjoys dancing. It’s one of her ________.【2018河北】
A. hobby B. hobbys C. hobbies D. hobby’s
3. The _______ of most trees will fall in autumn.【2018湘潭】
A. leaf B. leafs C leaves D. leave
4. She had ______ for dinner.【2018年绥化】
A. potatoes B. egg C. orange D. carrot
5. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _______ there.【2018广东】
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
6. There are many _______ playing on the playground.【2018宜宾】
A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens
7. There are seven _______ in a week.
A.dayes B. days C. daies D. day
8. The cat caught two _______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
9. Jack went to have two _______ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes
10. In our school there are fifty-five _______.
A. woman teacher B. woman teachers C. women teacher D. women teachers
11. Let’s get some _______ about tourism on the Internet.
A. information B. message C. invention D. advice
12. -- What ______ can you give me on learning English?【2018湖北孝感】
-- I think you could join an English club.
A. advice B. news C. messages D. information
13. -- I like reading.
-- Me too. I especially like the _______ written by J. K. Rowling.【2018浙江温州】
A. homework B. numbers C. movies D. books
14. -- I want to see the movie Iron Man Ⅲ. Do you know the ______ of the ticket?【2018浙江台州】
-- Yes. Five dollars.
A. number B. price C. kind D. name
15. -- My favorite TV _______ is A Bite of Chinese (舌尖上的中国). 【2018湖北宜昌】
-- We like it, too. My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.
A. instruction B. guidebook C. entertainment D. program
16. -- I plan to go out for a bicycle trip to Longzhong. But I'm afraid I don't know the___________.
-- A map is helpful, I think. 【2018年襄阳】
A. time B. way C. weather D. price
17. ______ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.【2018山东威海】
A. Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike
18. Look at the man over there. He is _____ uncle.【2018广西贺州】
A. Jim’s and Tim’s B. Jim’s and Tim C. Jim and Tim D. Jim and Tim’s
19. -- Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ______?【2018湖北随州】
-- Of course. But don't eat too much.
A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. hamburger
20. The people who are more confident have more________ to make themselves successful.【2018山东德州】
A. education B. chances C. pride D. excuses
21. There are some ________ on the floor. 【2018四川南充】
A. milk B. child C. boxes D. rice
22. -- Whose room is this?【2018四川广安】
-- It's _______________.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily’s D. Lucy’s and Lily
23. -- Do you have any ___________?【2018江苏盐城】
-- Yes, I like chess and drama best.
A. jobs B. duties C. hobbies D. problems
24. I saw some ________ and ________ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.【2018黑龙江绥化】
A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans
C. Germans; Englishmen D. Germen; Englishmans
25. How many ________ are there in the basket?【2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔】
A. potato B. bread C. tomatoes D. photoes
26. David visited lots of ________ in the world.【2018四川雅安】
A. places of interests B. places of interest
C. place of interests D. place of interest
27. Jason likes the __________ of the cake. It is a heart.【2018河北】
A. color B. size C. smell D. shape
28. -- I’m very thirsty now.【2018广东梅州】
-- Would you like some ______?
A. tea B. fish C. noodles D. potatoes
29. Please pick up the _________. Don’t keep it on the floor.
A. paper B. boxes C. books D. bottles
30. -- What’s in the icebox?
-- A few _________, but little _________.
A. apple, milk B. apple, milks C. apples, milks D. apples, milk
【答案】
1-5 BCCAC 6-10 BBBCD 11-15 AADBD
16-20 BBDAB 21-25 CBCCC 26-30 BDAAD
二. 按要求用正确的形式填空
1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.
2. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.
3. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.
4. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
5. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10th.
6. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
7. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white.
8. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ?
9. ___________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.
10. There are _________________________________(58个学生)in our class.
11. There are ________________________________(65个班级)in our school.
12. I have ____________________________(13本书) in my schoolbag.
13. Are there _______________________________(73套桌椅) in this classroom.
14. There’re _________________(27位男士) and _______________(31位女士) in the party.
15. There are __________________________________(15台电脑) in that room.
16. There are ________________________________(44位女老师) in her school.
17. There are __________________________(94位男医生) in that big hospital.
18. There are ___________________________________(12个月) in a year.
19. I can see ____________________________________(六杯茶) on the table.
20. There are ___________________________________(33个法国人和21个德国人) in the bus.
【答案】
1. Li Ming’s parents 2. The twins’ bedrooms
3. Wang Ping and Wang Ming’s father 4. Peter’s and Sam’s teachers
5. Teachers’ Day 6. The students’ desks and chairs
7. Zhao Min’s shoes 8. boys’ bags
9. My father’s and her father’s friends 10. 58 students
11. 65 classes 12. 13 books
13. 73 sets of desks and chairs 14. 27 men ; 31 women
15. 15 computers 16. 44 women teachers
17. 94 men doctors 18. 12 months
19. 6 cups of tea 20. 33 Frenchmen and 21 Germans
三. 按要求完成句子
1. 昨天雨一停孩子们就回家了。
_____________ went home as soon as the rain stopped yesterday.
2. 我一回来妈妈就开始做饭。
_____________ began to cook dinner as soon as I got home.
3. 她把书保管得像刚买的一样新。
She kept ___________ as new as she just bought it.
4. 请尽快地完成该任务。
Please finish ________________ as soon as possible.
5. 请尽快地用电子邮件把通知发给我。
Please e-mail me ______________ as soon as possible.
6. 我会尽快把书带过来。
I will bring _____________ with me as soon as possible.
7. 当你迷路时，你可以向警察需求帮助。
When you get lost, you can ask ______________ for help.
8. 一些学生经常向父母要钱去玩电子游戏。
Some students often ask _____________ for money to play video ____________.
9. 当你学英语有困难时，你可以向老师寻求帮助。
You could ask ______________ for help when you have trouble in learning English.
10. 许多学生经常问老师如何才能学好英语。
Many students often ask __________ how to learn English well.
11. 让我来告诉你如何发邮件。
Let me tell you how to send ____________.
12. 让我告诉你怎样做个三明治。
Let me tell you how to make _____________________.
13. 一个小孩问我怎样能找到妈妈。
A kid asked me how to find _________________.
14. 护士告诉我服用此药需一日三次，饭后服用。
_____________ told me to take this medicine three times a day after __________.
15. 王兰没时间接电话，她正忙着照顾孩子。
Wang Lan didn’t have time to answer the phone, because she was busy looking after ___________.
16. 别打扰他，他正忙着写信。
Don’t disturb him. He is busy writing ______________.
17. 因为堵车，昨天他们开会迟到了。
They were late for ____________ because of the heavy traffic yesterday.
18. 我很高兴你通过了考试。
I am glad that you have passed _____________.
19. 请记住明天把字典带给我。
Please remember to bring me _______________ tomorrow.
20. 那是一个让老师和学生都高兴的办法。
It’s a good way to make both __________ and __________ happy.
【答案】
1. The children 2. My mother 3. the/ her book 4. the task
5. this notice 6. the book 7. the police 8. their parents; games
9. the teacher(s) 10. their/ the teacher(s) 11. an e-mail 12. a sandwich
13. his mother 14. The nurse; meals 15. the child 16. the letter
17. the meeting 18. the exam 19. your/ the dictionary 20. teachers; students