2019中考英语专题11：主谓一致和倒装（带答案）

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/ 芝麻开门
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左右联一致 福倒
/知己知彼
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考纲
近三年中考分布
2018年
2017年
2016年
主谓一致和倒装
★掌握there be 句型的基本用法。
单选
第28题
(1分)
揭秘：近三年的中考试题中主谓一致和倒装并不是一个高频考点，主要针对there be句型考查，考查点往往会结合其他的考查点。难度并不大，却要求考生需要综合考虑句中各个成分，最终确定答案。建议考生在备考过程中加强对语境的理解，从而能够快速而准确地选出正确答案，不让送分题失分。
沙场点兵
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/用兵如神
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考点一: 语法一致
【典型例题】
The reading room very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. 【2018 北京】
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【考点精析】B本题考查主谓一致。根据句意：阅览室十分安静，我喜欢在那儿看书。因为主语是第三人称单数，故答案为B项。此类题型的解题方法：根据语境判断主语谓语，最终确定答案。
以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数
He goes to school early every morning.
The children are playing outside.
To work hard is necessary for a student.
由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
Both he and I are right.
Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.
His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but, except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
Nobody but two boys was late for class.
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
A lot of people are dancing outside.
The police are looking for lost boy.
由each, some, any, no, every构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
【即学即练】
1. --The news very important. Tell me more about it. 【2018顺义一模】
--OK.
A. is B. be C. am D. are
2. My bedroom dirty. I must clean it today. 【2018通州一模】
A. am B. is C. are D. be
3. Lucy and Lily twins. They look the same. 【2018怀柔二模】
A. be B. am C. is D. are
4. My shirt white and my trousers blue.
A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are
5. Our knowledge of computer growing all the time.
A. be B. is C. are D. were
6. I think maths very difficult to learn.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A
/考点二: 意义一致
【典型例题】
--How soon can you finish this job? 【2018自贡】
--Two days enough for me to finish the work. I need a week.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. is
【考点精析】A 本题考查主谓一致。根据句意：你要过多久才能完成这项工作？对于我来说，两天是不够的，我需要一周。时间作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故选A。此类题型的解题方法：根据句意，判断主语的成份，确定谓语的单复数形式，最终确定答案。
【举一反三】
表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。
What she said is correct.
What she left me are a few old books.
凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
【即学即练】
1. The teacher and singer to visit our school.
A. is coming B. are coming C. have come D. coming
2. Three hours enough for us to finish the task.
A. are B. has C. is D. were
3. --Two months _______ quite a long time.
--Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】1.A 2.C 3.A
考点三: 就近一致
【典型例题】
Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
【考点精析】D 本题考查主谓一致。根据句意：不仅仅他父亲，而且他哥哥也已经去了颐和园。他们还没有回来。如果由not only…but also…连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。故本题正确答案为D。此类题型的解题方法：根据句意，确定主语和谓语形式，最终确定答案。
【举一反三】
由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
在“There be” 句型中，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
as well as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。
He as well as I is responsible for it.
以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
【即学即练】
1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I good at drawing.
A. is B. am C. are
2. --Which would you like, tea or coffee?
--Either ________ OK, but I prefer coffee _______ milk.
A. is; with B. is; to C. are; with D. are; to
3. ______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.
A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B
考点四: 倒装句型一

【典型例题1】
--My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow. 【2018湖北黄冈】
-- . Shall we go together?
A. So I do B. So do I C. So will I D. So I will
【考点精析】C 本题考查倒装句。根据句意：“我和我哥哥明天去图书馆。” “我也去。我们一起去好吗？” 根据句意“我也去”，所以应该用so + do/be/情态动词 I表示“我也……”故排除A和D。由于前一句用一般将来时，故后句也应为一般将来时，故选C。此类题型的解题方法：根据语境确定倒装和时态，最终确定答案。
【典型例题2】
根据中文完成句子：
Not only , .(他不但会说英语，而且还会说法语。)
【考点精析】Not only can he speak English, but also he can speak French. 本题考查倒装句。根据句意：他不但会说英语，而且还会说法语。not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，且not only位于句首，要求后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的句子不用倒装。此类题型的解题方法：根据语境判断倒装句结构，最终完成句子。
【即学即练】
1. --I really hate going to such a noisy place. 【2018贵州铜仁】
--_____________.
A. So am I B. So do I C. So have I D. So can I
2. I can’t play the piano, and . 【2018 湖北黄石】
A. neither can my sister B. my sister can’t, too
C. so can’t my sister D. can my sister, either
3. His father likes keeping dogs and . 【2018四川遂宁】
A. so is his mother B. so his mother does C. so does his mother
4. --I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. 【2018甘肃兰州】
-- . I have to clean up my bedroom.
A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. So I am
5. --It’s snowing so heavily! I prefer to stay at home and read a novel.
--_____________. I hate going out on such a cold day! 【2018 福建泉州】
A. So do I B. So I do C. Neither do I
6. --Lily and I will go to the old people’s home this weekend. 【2018 湖南娄底】
--____________.
A. So will I B. So I will C. So do I
7. If you go to the theater this evening, so ________ I. 【2018 贵州毕节】
A. will B. should C. do D. am
8. --Mary likes playing basketball very much. 【2018 齐齐哈尔】
--_____________.
A. So does Amy B. So Amy is C. So Amy does
9. --I don’t like documentaries. 【2018 乌鲁木齐】
--___________.
A. So do I B. So I do C. Neither do I D. Either do I
10. --Would you like to go to the amusement park? 【2018 山东烟台】
--If Jack does, ______________.
A. I go, too B. so will I C. neither will I D. so do I
11. --We have never been to Mexico, what about Jeff? 【2018 黔东南】
--___________. He hopes to visit it some day.
A. Neither has he B. Neither does he C. So has he D. So does he
12. --Tom loves his classmates and teachers. 【2018 四川巴中】
--_______________.
A. So do I B. So I do C. Neither do I
13. snacks and drinks, but also they brought cards for entertainment.
A. Not only they brought 　 B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.A 13.B
考点五: 倒装句型二

【典型例题】
There still some milk in the fridge. It’s not necessary to go to the store today. 【2018 上海】
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【考点精析】B本题考查倒装句。根据句意：在冰箱中仍然有一些牛奶。今天没必要去商店买。由句中some milk可知此处be应该使用is，故选B。此类题型的解题方法：根据语境确定含义，判断单复数和可数不可数，最终确定答案。
【即学即练】
1. There going to be a basketball match this afternoon. 【2018乌鲁木齐】
A. are B. is C. have D. will
2. --What can you see in the picture? 【2018 山东】
--I can see a farm. And there ______ a lot animals on it.
A. is B. are C. will be D. be
3. There some apple juice in the fridge. It’s not necessary for us to go to the supermarket now.【2018江苏南京】
A. was B. were C. is D. are
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C
/考点六: 倒装句型三

在以here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用完全倒装句。谓语动词的形式要由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。
如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Here are some flowers. 这里有一些花。
【即学即练】
请翻译下列语句：
1. 公交车来了！

【答案】 Here comes the bus.
2. 电话铃响了！

【答案】 There goes the phone.
/过关斩将
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一．单项选择题
1. Nobody but Jane the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
2. All but one here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were　
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
4. A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered　
5. When and where to build the new factory yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided　
6. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons.
A. were , was B. was , was C. was , were D. were , were
7. The wounded by the hospital.
A. have been taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D. has taken in
8. The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting.?
A. is B. was C. are D. were
9. Between the two rows of trees the teaching building.
A. stand B. stands C. standing D. to stand
10. All that can be done .
A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done
11. They each a new dictionary.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
12. The singer and the dancer come to the meeting.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
13. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14. The number of the students who part in the entrance examination great.
　 A. takes, is B. takes, are C. take, is D. take, are
15. Each of you responsible for the accident.
A. am B. be C. is D. are
16.?Each man and woman the same rights.
A. has B. have C. had D. is having
17.?Every means tried but without much result.
A. has been B. have been C. are D. is
18. There in this room.
A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnitures
C. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture
19.?The manager or his assistant planning to go.
A. were B. are C. was D. be
20.?Not only I but also David and Iris fond of playing basketball.
A. am B. is C. are D. was
21.?Neither Tom nor his parents at home now.
A. is B. are C. has D. was
22.?Either the dean or the principal the meeting.
A. attends B. attend C. are attending D. have attended
23. was wrong.
A. Not the teacher but the students B. Both the students and the teacher
C. Neither the teacher not the students D. Not the students but the teacher
24. --“ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”
--“I suppose so.”
A. Will be B. Is C. Are D. Were
25. Three hours enough for us to finish the task.
A. are B. has C. is D. were
26.?Most of his savings in the Xin Hua Bank.
A. has been kept B. is being kept C. have kept D. have been kept
27. Most of the houses _______ this year.
A. has built B. have been built C. has been built D. have built
28. One or perhaps more pages .
A. is missing B. has been missed C. are missing D. was missing
29.?More than one worker dismissed.
A. have been B. are C. has been D. has
30.?Many a student the importance of learning a foreign language.
A. have realized B. has realize C. have been realized D. has been realized
31. The gas works near the city.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
32. The surroundings of his house clean now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
33. The committee over the problem among themselves for two hours.
A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing
34. The public generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been
35. Cattle on the hillside.
A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. were grazing
36.?Her politics neither conservative nor liberal.
A. is B. are C. was D. has been
37.?Measles a kind of infectious illness.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
38. The Philippines to the south-east of China.
A. lies B. lie C. lay D. lays
39. Mary is one of the girls who always on time.
A. is B. am C. are D. was
40.?Tom is the only one of the stall members who to be promoted.
A. is going B. are going C. has been going D. have been going
41.?What caused the accident on the road.
A. were stone B. were stones C. was stone D. was stones
42. is to attend our evening.
A. Both the singer and the dancer B. Either the singer or dancers
C. The singer or dancers D. The singer and dancer
43. The Smiths their breakfast when the morning post came.
A. had B. has been having C. are having D. were having
44. --Did you go to Nancy's birthday party last night?
--Yes. I did. .
A. So did Tim B. So Tim did C. Tim did so D. Tim went so
45. --I have changed my job.
--??????? ????.
A. So do I???????? B. So have I???? C. So I do??????? D. So I have
二．翻译下列句子
1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。
.
2.我的茶杯里没有水了。
.
3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。
.
4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。
.
5.我们家正在一起度周末。
.
【答案】一．单项选择题
1-5 BDBAA 6-10 CABBA 11-15 BBABC 16-20 AADCC 21-25 BADBC
26-30 DBCCB 31-35 ABDCD 36-40BAACA 41-45 DDDAB
二．翻译句子
1.Neither of us has seen the film.
2.There is no water in my cup.
3.Either he or I is going there.
4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.
5.Our family are spending the weekend together.