2019中考英语专题12:简单句(带答案)

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名称 2019中考英语专题12:简单句(带答案)
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更新时间 2018-12-15 09:59:01

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芝麻开门
Sir, what can I do for you? Sit down please!
Yes. I would like something to drink.
Cold or hot?
Of course hot. Will you have cold drink in such cold day, won’t you?
OK. Sir. And what else?
Is there Peking Roast Duck?
Yes. Here you are.
En. What a delicious duck that I have ever eaten!
知己知彼
考纲
近三年中考分布
2018年
2017年
2016年
简单句
★掌握there be句型的基本用法。
单选
第28题
(1分)


★掌握简单句的基本用法
★掌握陈述句、祈使句的构成和基本用法
★掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句的构成和基本用法
理解反意疑问句的构成和基本用法
理解感叹句的构成和用法
揭秘:近三年的中考试题中对于简单句的5种基本句型没有设置单独的考试题,偶尔对there be句型进行了考查。其命题主要涉及there be句型和主谓一致。建议考生在备考过程中加强对语境的理解,从而能够快速而准确地选出正确答案,不让送分题失分。
沙场点兵
用兵如神
考点一: 简单句基本结构(1)——S+V 主谓结构
【典型例题1】
译:同学们学习很努力。
【考点精析】The students study very hard. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题2】
译:电话响了。
【考点精析】The telephone rang. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题3】
译:第二次世界大战于1939年爆发了。
【考点精析】The second world war broke out in 1939. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【即学即练】
翻译下列语句:
1. 那孩子哭了。
2. 公交车到了。
3. 那位老人站了起来。
【答案】1.The child cried. 2.The bus arrived. 3.The old man stood up.
考点二: 简单句基本结构(2)——S+V+P 主系表结构
【典型例题1】
Tom (be) clever.
【考点精析】is 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题2】
Your iPhone 5s (看起来) very nice.
【考点精析】looks本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题3】
The mooncake (尝起来) very delicious. 这种月饼尝起来很可口。
【考点精析】tastes本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题4】
The story (听起来) interesting.
【考点精析】sounds本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题5】
These flowers smell .
A. good B. well C. very much D. badly
【考点精析】A本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题6】
This kind of cloth (摸起来) very soft.
【考点精析】feels本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题7】
The days (变) shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。
【考点精析】get本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题8】
In spring, the trees (变) green. 春天,树变绿了。
【考点精析】turn本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【即学即练】
翻译下列语句:
1. 我是一位学生。
2. 那首歌听起来很好。
3. 这种面包尝起来很好吃。
【答案】1.I am a student. 2.The song sounds very good. 3.The bread tastes very good.
考点三: 简单句基本结构(3)——S+V+O 主谓宾结构
【典型例题1】
译:我们学习英语。
【考点精析】We learn English. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题2】
译:她经常帮助他。
【考点精析】She often helps him. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题3】
译:我已经读完这本书了。
【考点精析】I have already finished reading the book. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题4】
译:他不喜欢这部电影。
【考点精析】He didn’t like the film. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题5】
译:他们决定去徒步旅行。
【考点精析】They decided to go hiking. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题6】
译:我喜欢打网球。
【考点精析】I love playing tennis. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【即学即练】
翻译下列语句:
1. 我买了一本英语书。
2. 我没有丢钥匙。
3. 我喜欢听流行音乐。
【答案】1.I bought an English book. 2.I don’t lose the key. 3. I like to listen to pop music.
考点四: 简单句基本结构(4)——S+V+O1+O2 主谓双宾结构
【典型例题】
译:昨天,他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。
【考点精析】His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+双宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【举一反三】
双宾语结构的动词归纳
give
把某物给某人
结构:give sb. sth. 造句:
show
向某人展示某物
结构:show sb. sth. 造句:
bring
给某人带来某物
结构:bring sb. sth. 造句:
lend
借给某人某物
结构:lend sb. sth. 造句:
send
给某人送某物
结构:send sb. sth. 造句:
pass
递给某人某物
结构:pass sb. sth. 造句:
tell
告诉某人某事
结构:tell sb. sth. 造句:
buy
给某人买某物
结构:buy sb. sth. 造句:
【即学即练】
翻译下列语句:
1. 他妈妈给他买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
2. 老人总是给孩子们讲关于英雄们的故事。
【答案】1. His mother bought him a bike as a birthday present.
2. The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes.
考点五: 简单句基本结构(5)——S+V+O+C 主谓宾补结构
【典型例题1】
译:我们叫他Tom。
【考点精析】We call him Tom. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+复合宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题2】
译:我们使我们的教师干净而整洁。
【考点精析】We make our classroom clean and tidy. 本句属于简单句,其结构为“主语+谓语+复合宾语”。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【即学即练】
翻译下列语句:
1. 我会帮助你练习英语。
2. 我经常听见他在隔壁房间唱歌。
3. 他们觉得不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。
【答案】1. I will help you (to) practise your english. 2.I often hear him sing in the next room.
3. They think it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
考点六: 简单句基本句型种类(1)——陈述句
【典型例题1】
我们学习英语。(改成否定句)
【考点精析】We don’t learn English. 本句属于陈述句的肯定形式。改为否定句需将实义动词learn前面加上表示否定的“do not或者don’t”,即do not learn或者don’t learn。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题2】
I can siwm. (改成否定句)
【考点精析】I can’t swim. 本句属于陈述句的肯定形式。改为否定句需将情态动词can后面加上表示否定的“not”,即can not或者can’t。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题3】
I am not from England. (改成肯定句)
【考点精析】I am from England. 本句属于陈述句的否定形式。改为肯定句需将be动词后面表示否定的“not”去掉,即am not。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【典型例题4】
I will go shopping with my mum on Sunday. (改成否定句)
【考点精析】I will not go shopping with my mum on Sunday. 本句属于陈述句的肯定形式。改为否定句需将情态动词will后面加上表示否定的“not”,即will not或者won’t。此句型是常见的简单句基本句型之一。
【即学即练】
句型转换
1. That is my watch.(改为否定句)
________ ________ my watch.
2. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)

3. We are going to have some classes this Sunday . (改为否定句)
We going to have classes this Sunday .
【答案】1.That; isn’t 2. Daniel doesn’t watch TV every evening. 3.aren’t; any
考点七: 简单句基本句型种类(2)——疑问句
【典型例题1】
I like playing basketball. (改成一般疑问句)
【考点精析】Do you like playing basketball? 本题考查一般疑问句的变化规则。对于实义动词的提问要借助于助动词,同时注意相应人称的变换。第一人称变换成第二人称。
【典型例题2】
Mr. Zhang is a doctor. (对划线部分提问)
【考点精析】Who is Mr. Zhang? 本题考查特殊疑问句。对于名词的提问应该使用特殊疑问词what,同时注意be动词提前,位于主语前面,最后的句号改成问号。
【典型例题3】
你是医生还是教师?
【考点精析】Are you a doctor or a teacher? 本题考查选择疑问句。对于选择疑问的提问应该使用or连接要选择的成分。同时注意be动词、助动词或者情态动词提前,位于主语前面,最后注意问号不要忘记写。
【典型例题4】
The computer is very useful in our life, ______ it?
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. is D. are
【考点精析】A 本题考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构为:陈述句+ ,+一般疑问句的缩写形式;规则为:“前肯后否”或者“前否后肯”。
【即学即练】
1. --______ did you first skate?
--Two years ago.
A. What B. When C. Why D. How
2. --______ have you been in class today? --For two hours.
A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How soon
3. -- ______ the weather there?
-- It's windy.
A. What's B. How is C. Which is D. Where is
4. --Excuse me, ________ is the library from here?
--It's about 5 minutes' walk.
A. how long B. how far C. how soon D. how often
5. --Could you tell me _______ to have the picnic?
--Near the South Beach.
A. what B. when C. where D. how
6. -- was Gina born?
--She was born July 23rd, 2002.
A. When; on B. When; at C. Where; in D. Where; on
7. We hear Jenny live far from the school. She has lunch at school, ______?
 A. has she  B. hasn’t she   C. does she  D. doesn’t she
8. David had nothing for breakfast, ______?
 A. hadn’t he   B. had he   C. didn’t he  D. did he
9. Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ______?
 A. do you  B. will you   C. can you   D. could you
10. --Let’s go and fly kites, ______?
--Wonderful.
A. will you   B. shall we  C. don’t you   D. do you
11. Alice does her homework every day, ______?
 A. do she B. does Alice C. don’t she D. doesn’t she
12. There isn’t any chicken on the plate, ______?
 A. is it  B. isn’t it  C. isn’t there   D. is there
13. --He isn't a teacher, is he?
--______. He works in a bookshop.
 A. Yes, he is  B. No, he isn’t C. Yes, he isn’t   D. No, he is
【答案】1-5BBBBC 6-10ADBBB 11-15 DDB
考点八: 简单句基本句型种类(3)——感叹句
【典型例题1】
--_____________beautiful skirt! 【2018黔西南】
--Thank you.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【考点精析】B 本题考查感叹句根据句意:“多么漂亮的裙子啊。”“谢谢。”感叹句的引导词由what和how引导。what用于对于中心词为名词的句子感叹,how用于对中心词为形容词或副词的句子感叹。故本题正确答案为B。此类题型的解题方法:根据语境确定含义,判断中心词是名词还是形容词,最终确定使用how还是使用what来引导感叹句。
【典型例题2】
-- hard work you have done! 【2018黑龙江绥化市】
--It's very kind of you to say so.
A. How B. What C. What a
【考点精析】 B感叹句。感叹句由how或what 引导。其结构分别为“How+advadj+主语+谓语!”或“What+(aan) +adj+n+主语+谓语!”。把结构代入可知答案为B。
【典型例题3】
--______ clever the girl is!【2018福州中考】
--So she is.
A. How??????????? B. What??????????? C. What a
【考点精析】A考查感叹句。感叹句有两种结构:What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主谓!和 How + adj./adv.+主谓!句意:这个女孩是多么聪明啊!她确实如此。故选A。
【即学即练】
1. --_________ interesting the story is!
--Yes, I have read it twice. 【2018 威海】
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
2. --_________ excellent work you have done! 【2018 凉山】
--It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. What an B. How C. What
3. ________ useful book it is! 【2018永州】
A. How B. What a C. What
4. --Look at the cloud! It looks like a rabbit! --Wow. __________ beautiful!【2018 湘潭】
A. What B. What a C. How
5. What a lucky boy _________! He has won a four-week trip to France. 【2018沈阳】
A. Daniel is B. is Daniel C. Daniel does D. does Daniel
【答案】1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A
考点九: 简单句基本句型种类(4)——祈使句
【典型例题1】
-- ! The traffic is moving fast! -- Thanks, I will.
A. Looking out B. Look out C. To look out D. Looked out
【考点精析】B 本题考查祈使句。根据句意:小心!车速很快。谢谢,我会的注意的。祈使句是以动词原形开头,故正确答案为B。此类题型的解题方法:根据语境确定祈使句,以动词原形开头,最终确定答案。
【典型例题2】
Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”.
A. Not B. Don’t C. Can’t D. No
【考点精析】B 本题考查祈使句的否定形式。根据句意:他的医生说“不要太努力工作 ”。根据句意可知正确答案为B。此类题型的解题方法:根据语境确定“ ”前后语句的关系,最终确定答案。
【典型例题3】
when you cross the road.
A. Do care B. Care C. Do be careful D. To be careful
【考点精析】 C本题考查祈使句的强调形式。根据句意:当你过马路时一定要小心。根据句意可知正确答案为C。此类题型的解题方法:根据语境确定祈使句,最终确定答案。
【典型例题4】
译:我们明天去参加Tom的生日聚会吧!
【考点精析】 Let’s go to Tom’s birthday party tomorrow! 本题考查Let引导的祈使句。以Let’s 或者Let 开头的祈使句,使用动词原形。
【即学即练】
  1. The TV is too loud. Please ________.
   A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
  2. _______ late again, Bill!
   A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not
  3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. No C. Doesn't D. Don't
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D
过关斩将
一、单选题
1. ________ exciting sport it is to go bike riding! 【2018云南】
A. What a B. What an C. What D. How
2. ______ fun it is to have ice cream in hot summer! 【2018黄石】
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
3. Look at the smog (雾霾). bad weather it is! 【2018东营】
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
4. ______ great picture! Who painted it? 【2018河北】
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
5. ______ clever the boy is! 【2018长沙】
A. How B. What C. What a
6. lovely the squirrel is! 【2018雅安】
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
7. good advice! It’s so helpful to us. 【2018遂宁】
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
8. _______ necessary thing it is to join the “Clean Your Plate” Campaign(光盘行动). 【2018 济宁】
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
9._______a beautiful car! I've never seen it before.【2018苏州】
A. What B. Which C. How D. Whether
10. good time they had last weekend! 【2018 安顺】
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
11. ________ fine weather today! Why not go out for a walk? 【2018大庆】
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
12. ________ bad weather it is! Let’s stay at home and watch TV. 【2018 齐齐哈尔】
A. How B. What C. What a
13. --I watched the NBA game last night. 【2018 乌鲁木齐】
--__________ amazing game it was!
A. What an B. How an C. What D. How
14. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year. ________ excellent he is! 【2018 广东】
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
15. --________ do you usually go to school, Simon? 【2018江苏淮安】
--By bike.
A. When B. How C. What D. Where
16.--Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______? --______. He got up too late. 【2018湖南益阳】
A. did he; Yes B. didn’t he; Yes C. did he; No D. didn’t he; No
17. --______ is the street crowded with so many people?
--Because they are waiting to watch the boat races. 【2018湖北宜昌】
A. Why B. Where C. How D. Who
18. There’s little important news in the newspaper today, ___________?【2018湖北十堰】
A. isn’t there B. is there C. is it D. are there
19. --Which film do you prefer, Lost in Thailand or Life of Pi, Made?
-- . I like comedies because they often make me, laugh. 【2018江苏南京】
A. Yes, Lost in Thailand B. Yes, Life of Pi C. Life of Pi D. Lost in Thailand
20. --________ model plane is this? --I think it's Jim's. Look, his name is on it. 【2018江苏徐州】
A. Who B. What C. Whose D. Where
21. --____________ can you finish this English exam?
--In about one and a half hours. 【2018安徽】
A. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long
22. -- _________ does your cousin go to the gym? --Twice a week. 【2018福建福州】
A. How long B. How often C. How soon
23.--_______apples do we need to make fruit salad? 【2018山东枣庄】
--Let me think …We need three apples.
A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many
24. --______ have you been married? --For twenty years【2018湖北孝感】
A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon
25. --It’s Father’s Day, ?
--Yes. Let’s buy a gift for Dad. 【2018浙江温州】
A. isn’t it B. doesn’t it C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
26. She has never been to the city, she? 【2018四川遂宁】
A. doesn’t B. hasn’t C. has D. does
27. -- ________ is it from the village to your farm? 【2018广东】
--About 10 minutes’ walk.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far
28.--Sam didn’t go to school yesterday, did he? 【2018四川宜宾】
--______. He was ill yesterday.
A. Yes, he did B. No, he did C. No, he didn’t D. Yes, he didn’t
29. There is little milk in the fridge, ? 【2018湖南邵阳】
A. is there B. isn’t there C. isn’t it D. is it
30. --_____would you like to choose to live in, Chengdu, Beijing or Shanghai? 【2018四川内江】
--Chengdu, I think.
A. How B. What C. When D. Which
31. -- are you leaving for Beijing? 【2018山东威海】
--In a couple of days.
A. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long
32. --How wonderfully you are playing the piano! ______ do you practice it a week?
--Twice. Practice makes perfect. 【2018哈尔滨】
A. How often B. How many times C. How soon D. How long
33. -- ________ do you shop? -- I shop once a month. 【2018四川南充】
A. How long B. How often C. How far
34. Tell me the way to the cinema, _______ you? 【2018四川泸州】
A. will B. need C. shall D. may
35. I don’t think the newly-directed film by Zhaowei is as interesting as people say, _______?【2018湖北黄石】
A. do you B. isn’t it C. is it D. don’t you
36. --Do you like summer or winter? 【2018山东济南】
--__________. I really like the snow.
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Summer D. Winter
37. --__________ does your new friend look like?
--He is tall with short blonde hair and big blue eyes. 【2018山东济南】
A. How B. Who C. What D. Where
38. --Jenny, I need some milk. --OK, Mum. ___________ do you need? 【2018山东济南】
A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long
39. Don't make so much noise, ______?
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you
40. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing
41. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell
二、句型转换
1. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)
  again more slowly, please.
2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. (改为同义句)
me, or I'll go.
3. Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)
Let's watch the sports games, ?
4. Teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句)
careless, please.
5. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句)
next to Nancy.
6. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. (改为反意疑问句)
Don't forget to turn off the lights, ?
7. If you move, you'll die. (改为同义句)
, or you'll die.
8. Come to my house tomorrow. (改为反意疑问句)
  Come to my house tomorrow, ?
【答案】
一、单选题
1-5 BCCDA 6-10 BBBAC 11-15 BBAAB 16-20 CABDC 21-25 CBDCA
26-30 CDCAD 31-35 CBBAC 36-40 DCAAA 41 D
二、句型转换
1. Read it 2.Listen to 3. shall we 4. Don’t be 5. Don’t sit 6. will you 7. Don’t move 8. will you