2019中考英语专题16：定语从句（带答案）

芝麻开门




知己知彼
考纲
句子
理解定语从句的构成和基本用法
揭秘: 定语从句在中考中直接考查的比例较小，但是理解定语从句的构成和基本用法有
助于提高阅读能力；同时，若能在作文中尝试恰当地使用定语从句，会为文章增光添彩。
沙场点兵

用兵如神
考点一: 关系代词引导的定语从句
【典型例题1】
People often like clothes ______ can make them look young. 【2018湖南株洲】
A. when B. who C. that
【考点精析】C. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。一般情况下，定语从句是紧跟在名词或代词后
面的从句，对该名词或代词起修饰限定作用，这个被从句修饰的名词或代词，也叫做定语从句的先行词。
本题中先行词为“clothes（指物）”，又因为从句部分“can make them look young”缺少主语，故空格部
分需要一个关系代词，它既能在从句中担当主语，又能指物。选项中只有that既可以指代物，又可以在
从句中担当主语，所以答案为C。

【典型例题2】
I hate people ______ talk much but do little. 【2018山东泰安】
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
【考点精析】A. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。句意为“我讨厌只说不做的人”。题中先行词
为“people（指人）”，且从句部分“talk much but do little”缺少主语，故空格部分需要一个关系代词，
它既能在从句中担当主语，又能指人。选项中只有who即可以指代人，又可以在从句中担当主语，所以
答案为A。

【典型例题3】
--There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【2018湖北随州】
--The one ______ hat is yellow.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which
【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的基本用法。句意为“那里有许多女孩，哪个是你妹妹啊？”
“帽子是黄色的那个。”本题先行词为the one（代指女孩，指人），从句部分“hat is yellow”缺少定语，
即“女孩的帽子是黄色的”，故空格部分需要一个关系代词，它能在从句中担当定语，只有whose可以
做定语，答案为B。
【举一反三】
关系代词
先行词
所担当成分
典型例句
who
人
主语、宾语
I like people ______________ talk little but do much.
I like stories ______________ my grandma told me.
She is the girl ______________ wallet is lost.
She is the girl ______________ we all like.
whom
人
宾语
whose
人、物
定语
that
人、物
主语、宾语、表语
which
物
主语、宾语

【即学即练】
1. There will be a flower show in the park ________ we visited last week. 【2018广东】
A. who B. when C. what D. which
2. The English-Chinese dictionary________ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A. whose B. when C. who D. that
3. Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".【2018河南】
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
4. --What are you looking for？【2018 山东滨州】
--I'm looking for the ring ________my husband bought me last year.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
5. It’s interesting that there are many people ________speak French in Canada. 【 2018四川成都】
A. which B. where C. who D. when
6. Please pass me the cartoon book ________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. 【2018天津】
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
7. Most students like the teachers ________ understand them well. 【2018浙江嘉兴】
A. who B. when C. what D. which
8. --What are you looking for? 【2018浙江衢州】
--I'm looking for the pen ________my father gave me last week.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
9. --Do you know the girl ________ is helping the old woman. 【2018贵州黔东南州】
--Oh, that's my sister.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
10. She is the girl________invention got the first prize in the school competition. 【2018湖北荆州】
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
【答案】1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D
考点二: 关系代词的特殊用法
【典型例题1】
One of the most delicious drinks _________ I like is orange juice. [【2018湖北十堰】
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的特殊用法。句意为“我喜欢的最好喝的饮料之一就是橙汁”。
先行词是“drinks（指物）”，从句部分“I like”缺少宾语，根据上面所讲，可知答案锁定A和B中，又
因为先行词前面有最高级（the most delicious），这时只能用that，不用which。
【典型例题2】
I still remember the college and the teachers__________ I visited in London years ago. 【2018安徽】
A. what B. who C. that D. which
【考点精析】C. 本题考查定语从句关系代词的特殊用法。句意为“我仍然记得许多年前在伦敦参观过的
大学以及拜访过的老师”。本题中先行词是“the college and the teachers（既有人，又有物）”，这时，关
系代词只能用that。
【举一反三】
只用that的情况
典型例句
当先行词
被最高级修饰时
That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
是不定代词或被其修饰时
Is there anything that I can do for you?
被the only, the very修饰时
That is the only thing that I can do now.
被序数词修饰时
The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.
即包括人又包括物时
The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.
【即学即练】
1. 他做了他所能做的一切来帮助我。
_________________________________________________
2. 她是我唯一喜欢的女孩。
_________________________________________________
3. 我们谈论了我们在校时所遇到的人和事。
_________________________________________________
4. 这是我要说的第一件事。
_________________________________________________
5. 她是我见过的最善良的姑娘。
_________________________________________________
【答案】1. He did all/everything that he could (do) to help me.
2. She is the only gilr that I like.
3. We talked about the people and the things that we remembered at school.
4. This is the first thing that I want to say.
5. She is the kindest girl that I have ever seen.
考点三: 关系副词引导的定语从句
【典型例题】
This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago. 【2018四川宜宾】
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【考点精析】A. 本题考查定语从句关系副词的基本用法。句意为“这就是我三年前就读的小学”。本题
中先行词为“the primary school（表示地点）”，另外从句部分“I studied three years ago”缺少地点状语，
实际上应该是 “I studied in the primary school three years ago.”故空格部分需要一个关系副词，它能够在
从句中担当地点状语，只有A项符合题意。
【举一反三】
关系副词
先行词
所担当成分
典型例句
where
表示地点
地点状语
I never forget the day _______ my sister was born.
I never forget the village _______ I spent my childhood.
I don’t know the reason _______ he was late for school.
when
表示时间
时间状语
why
表示原因
原因状语
【即学即练】
1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village________ his family lived ten years ago. 【2018山东德州】
A. when B. which C. where D. that
2. August 1st, 1927 was the day ________ the PLA was founded.
A. that B. which C. who D. when
3. Nobody knows the reason ________ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
4. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______ HongKong was returned to China. 【2018 湖北十堰】
A. that B. which C. where D. when
5. --What do you usually do in your leisure time? 【2018 黑龙江哈尔滨】
--I enjoy reading in the library _______ I lose myself in a world of good books.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
6. I can’t forget the time _______ the earthquake happened in Yushu. 【2018 青海宁夏】
A. when B. which C. that D. where
7. I still remember the park we first met. 【2018 广东】
A. that B. which C. where D. when
8. I love places ________ the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
【答案】1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.C




考点四: 关系副词的特殊用法
【典型例题】
Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
【考点精析】B. 本题考查定语从句关系副词的特殊用法。句意为“这就是我可以在里面游泳的河吗”。
本题中先行词为the river（相当于地点），从句部分“I can swim”缺少地点状语，补充完整后为“I can swim
in the river.”根据前面所讲，应该选择关系副词where，但四个选项中没有这个选项，故要换一种思路
来完成此题。一般情况下，关系副词可以转换成“相对应的介词 + which”，故本题答案为in which。
【举一反三】
关系副词转换为关系代词
典型例句
where 相应介词 + which
She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.
when 相应介词 + which
She wants to visit the village where (=in which) she was born.
why for + which
She finally told us the reason why (=for which) she was late.
【即学即练】
将下列定语从句中的关系副词转换为关系代词
1. I will never forget the year when I went to university.
2. I have found a peaceful place where I can study.
3. I don’t know the reason why he was unfriendly to me.
【答案】1. in which 2. in which 3. for which
考点五: 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
【典型例题】
Beijing, ________ is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.
A. where B. that C. which D. in which
【考点精析】C. 本题考查非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别。句意为“北京是中国的首都，它
是一座美丽的城市”。本题与前面所看到的定语从句不同之处在于：从句部分与主句部分用逗号隔开了，
这表明该题属于非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句基本要求之一是：不能用that引导，故首先将that
排除；其次根据从句部分缺少主语，可知只有C正确。
【举一反三】
区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
主句和从句之间无逗号
主句和从句之间有逗号隔开
意义上
从句不可缺少，否则意义不完整
从句对先行词补充说明，删除后主句意义依然完整
译法上
一般译为先行词的定语：“……的”
通常译成主句的并列句
关系词使用上
① 作宾语时可以省略
② 可以用that引导
③ who可以代替whom作宾语
④ why和for which可以互换
⑤ which所代替的先行词是一个词
① 作宾语时也不能省略
② 不能用that引导
③ who不能代替whom作宾语
④ 可以用for which，不能用why
⑤ which所代替的先行词可是一个词，也可是整个主句
【即学即练】
1. She heard a terrible noise, ________ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
2. I had told them the reason, ________ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
3. He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, ________ he loved as his own mother.
A. who B. which C. / D. whom
4. He is working hard, ________ will make him pass the final exam.
A. that B. which C. for which D. who
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B
过关斩将
1. --What are you looking for? 【2018长沙】
--I’m looking for the watch __________I bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whose
2. Don’t throw away pens and erasers __________you haven’t used up. 【2018本溪】
A. where B. which C. who D. what
3. I can’t find the book __________my mother bought me. 【2018鞍山】
A. who B. when C. which D. what
4. Most of my friends like loud music __________they can dance to. 【2018遂宁】
A. that B. what C. when
5. --Do you know the little boy __________is helping the old man cross the road? 【2018吉林】
--No. But how nice he is!
A. which B. who C. whom
6. --We are proud of Mo Yan. 【2018莆田】
--Yes. He is a great writer __________won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.
A. which B. who C. what
7. It’s bad for health to hurry to move into a house __________has new furniture in it. 【2018山西】
A. who B. where C. that
8. The first thing __________I am going to do this evening is to write to my father. 【2018茂名】
A. that B. which C. who
9. The H7N9 bird flu is a disease __________can be very dangerous. 【2018大庆】
A. / B. who C. what D. which
10. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village __________his family lived ten years ago. 【2018德州】
A. when B. which C. where D. that
11. A friend is someone __________says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!” 【2018河南】
A. who B. which C. what D. whose
12. A Wechat (微信) is an invention ________can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
A. which B. who C. whose D /
13. --Look! That is the woman __________I met yesterday. 【2018湛江】
--Oh? She’s my aunt.
A. what B. who C. where D. when
14. Being blind is something __________most people can’t imagine. 【2018杭州】
A. who B. what C. that D. whom
15. People are talking about the old houses _________Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago. 【2018内江】
A. which B. where C. who D. when
16. I’ll remember the old buildings __________I visited in the village. 【2018齐齐哈尔】
A. where B. which C. who
17. The young lady __________is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century
Talent Net. 【2018广东】
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
18. The movie __________we saw last night was fantastic. 【2018天津】
A. that B. what C. whose D. who
19. --Do you know of Guo Mingyi? 【2018哈尔滨】
--Yes. He is an ordinary(普通的)worker __________helps many poor children in China. We should follow his
example.
A. that B. which C. whom
20. I love the school __________I have studied in for three years.【2018衡阳】
A. where B. when C. that
21. The Palace Museum is the best place __________I’ve ever visited. 【2018十堰】
A. that B. which C. where ` D. what
22. Teenagers like reading the books __________are written by Guo Jingjing. 【2018孝感】
A. who B. what C. whose D. that
23. The man __________is talking to our teacher is Betty’s father. 【2018潍坊】
A. which B. whom C. who D. what
24. The house __________Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. 【2018呼和浩特】
A. which B. that C. in which D. there
25. The Gay Genius is the book __________I like to read every day. 【2018株洲】
A. that B. who C. what
26. --Why is Tom so sad? 【2018泉州】
--He has lost his new bike __________cost him 1800 yuan.
A. who B. which C. whose
27. Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut __________has ever traveled in space. 【2018泰安】
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
28. This is the school __________we visited last year. 【2018黄石】
A. that B. where C. who D. whose
29. There will be a flower show in the park __________we visited last week. 【2018广东】
A. who B. when C. what D. which
30. --Now many people smoke and get ill. 【2018广西玉林】
--So we should do something __________can help stop smoking.
A. what B. who C. / D. that
31. I still remember the time __________we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year. 【2018 湖北黄石】
A. when B. what C. who D. which
32. The English-Chinese dictionary __________my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A. whose B. when C. who D. that
33. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher __________gave her love to her students in danger.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which [
34. Success will belong to those __________never say "impossible".【2018河南】
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
35. --What are you looking for? 【2018 山东滨州】
--I'm looking for the ring __________my husband bought me last year.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
36. It’s interesting that there are many people __________speak French in Canada. 【 2018四川成都】
A. which B. where C. who
37. --Do you enjoy My heart will go on? 【2018四川达州】
--No, I prefer songs __________loud.
A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are
38. I can never forget the stories __________my grandma told me. 【2018绵阳市】
A. what B. who C. them D. that
39. This is the primary school __________I studied three years ago. 【2018四川宜宾】
A. where B. when C. that D. which
40. Please pass me the cartoon book __________has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. 【2018天津】
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
41. --What kind of movies do you like? 【2018浙江湖州】
--I like the movie __________are about Chinese history.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
42. --What are you looking for? 【2018浙江衢州】
--I'm looking for the pen __________my father gave me last week.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
43. --Do you know the girl __________is helping the old woman. 【2018贵州黔东南州】
--Oh, that's my sister.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
44. Steve Jobs is one of the persons __________founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end
of an era (时代). 【2018山东东营市】
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
45. Is there anyone in your class __________family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
46. The pen __________he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
47. The TV play is about a true story __________happened in Mianyang in 1998.
A. it B. what C. that D. when
48. We are trying to help those children __________lost their parents in Yushu, Qinghai Province.
A. which B. when C. who D. whose
49. My necklace is not the only thing __________is missing.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
50. Nobody knows the reason __________she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
【答案】1-5 ABCAB 6-10 BCADC 11-15 AABCA 16-20 BAAAC 21-25 ADCCA
26-30 BCADD 31-35 DDBCA 36-40 CCDAD 41-45 DBCAD 46-50 ACCBC