2019中考英语专题19：阅读理解（带答案）

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/ 芝麻开门
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Rory: Time me. I'm going to do this cube puzzle.
Rory: Are you timing me?
Stan: March 6, 2009. Go.
（批注：欣赏小漫画，猜猜单词的含义：time: 计时 ；cube: 立方体 puzzle: 难题 cube puzzle: 【魔方】
/知己知彼
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考纲
近三年中考分布
2018年
2017年
2016年
阅读理解
能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义
猜测词义2分
猜测词义2分
猜测词义2分
能获取文章的具体信息
细节理解14分
细节理解12分
细节理解16分
能根据文章的具体信息进行简单的推理和判断
推理判断4分
推理判断4分
识图解意2分
能理解归纳文章的主旨要义，能为文章选定合适的题目
主旨大意4分
主旨大意4分
主旨大意4分
能理解故事情节和事件发生顺序
能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系
能根据上下文理解作者的意图、观点和态度
作者意图2分
作者意图4分
作者意图2分
揭秘：近三年的中考试题对于阅读理解的考查，难度基本保持一致。建议考生在备考过程中加强对文章篇章的整体理解，迅速把握文章的结构和大意，以及相关话题词汇的积累，从而能够快速而准确地选出正确答案，提高阅读题的得分率。
近三年中考真题分析：
年份
题型
题材内容
2013
A
图表类文章，讲述的是“在杂志中受欢迎的4篇文章”。
B
文章讲述了作者通过自己的一次养花经历，学会了耐心的重要性。
C
文章讲述了坚定的重要性以及如何有效地坚定起来。
D
冰球运动中废止身体拦截，强调了在体育运动中，运动员的安全最重要
2012
A
表格广告类信息文章，讲述的是参加有关Sun Valley Amusement Park活动。
B
文章讲述了有关乒乓球运动的Ping项目活动在英国的情况。
C
文章讲述了在商业领域产品品牌或名称的重要性。
D
文章讲述了作者认为快乐学习对于孩子自我发展的重要性。
2011
A
表格类文章，讲述的是4位来自不同国家的学生的个人信息介绍。
B
文章描写了Dereck和Beverly夫妇在非洲拍摄有关野生动物的影片情况。
C
文章讲述了当身处孤岛，如何向过往飞机发出求救信号提供了几条建议。
D
文章讲述了网络交际用语是否会破坏英语语言。

历年考点
2018
2017
2016
细节题
14分
12分
16分
猜词题
2分
2分
2分
推理题
4分
4分
2分
主旨题
4分
4分
4分
作者意图题
2分
4分
2分
/用兵如神
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/考点一: 细节理解题
【典型例题1】
【2018 北京中考 A】
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47. How many popular articles are there in the magazine?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D.5
48. Which article is about saving money?
A. Ice cream and banking. B. Black sheep and Uncle Bob.
C. Relation between you and food. D. Films that aren’t really about Canada.
49. What is Black sheep and Uncle Bob about?
A. American films. B. Family stories. C. Food. D. Banking.
【答案】47.C 48.A 49.B
【考点精析】
47. 该题是一道细节题。图表的标题"Popular Articles in the Magazine"，意思是"杂志中受欢迎的文章"，一共有四篇文章，所以也可以得知该题的答案为C。
48. 该题是一道细节题。通过第四幅图中的第一句话 "Most people in Britain believe that it's a good idea to save money"可以推导出该题的答案为A。
49. 该题是一道细节题。通过第二幅图中的最后两句话"He explains why he finds family stories interesting. He also tells us what makes his own family special."可以直接得出答案。
【典型例题2】
【2018 北京中考 B】
Street Ping Pong— Ping!
Do you like table tennis? If you had travelled to cities in the UK like London or Birmingham last summer, you might have seen one of the dozens of free tables that were there as part of a project （项目） called Ping!.
What is Ping!?
Ping！is a three-year table tennis project. It has been running since 2010 and this year, 2012, is the final year. The idea is to put free table tennis tables in eight different towns in the UK for four weeks during the summer. Each table comes with its own bats and balls and is free to play. You can find the tables outdoors.
What does Ping! hope to achieve?
It would be great if Ping！helped find a new Olympic table tennis star but what Ping! really hopes to achieve is just to get people playing and having fun together."Putting a ping pong table on the street gives people a chance to connect with other people," said Meera Sodha, Ping! Project Manager.
One of the towns that took part in the project was Hull, a city in England. Forty-five tables were put into the city. Jakob Adamski, an ESOL student learning. English, said, "I really enjoyed playing table tennis in the park. It was also a good way for me to practise my English and meet people."
50. When did the Ping! project start?
A. Last summer. B. Last winter. C. In 2010. D. In 2012.
【答案】50.C
【考点精析】
50. 本题属于细节题。由第二段第一行Ping！is a three-year table tennis project. It has been running since 2010…可知，正确答案为C选项。

【即学即练】
【2017 北京中考 A】
Join Us for a Day at Sun Valley Amusement Park
Children aged 10 to 14 are invited to take part in the “Event of the Summer” at Sun Valley Amusement Park, the most popular amusement park on the East Coast. Sun Valley has more than 80 amusement rides. For sports lovers, there are basketball courts, an indoor baseball field, and climbing walls.
No amusement park would be complete without a gift shop. Sun Valley has two.
You won’t want to miss out on this day of fun. Join us at Sun Valley Amusement Park on July 14 Register（登记）early.
The cost of the trip is $25. This includes tickets and all rides.
We suggest that all children bring lunch.
Buses leave at 9:00 AM and return at 5:00 PM.
Rain Date: Wednesday, July 16.
Register at the Children’s Recreation Center at the Town Hall by July 3.
A one-day registration will also be held on July 1 at the Brown School.
For more information, call Jane Parks at 555-7267
47. Who can take part in the “Event of the Summer”?
A. Children under 5 B. Children over 16
C. Children aged 10-14 D. Children aged 5-9
48. The children had better bring ____
A. a basketball B. lunch C. a gift D. gloves
49. When can children register at the Brown School?
A. On July 1 B. On July 3 C. On July 14 D. On July 16
【答案】47.C 48.B 49.A
【2017 北京中考 B】
Dereck Joubert and his wife, Beverly, have made many films about wild animals in Africa. Their films and photographs are very popular and one of the photographs has been on the front cover of a National Geofraphic magazine.
A working day for Dereck and Beverly starts very early—at 4:30 in the morning! That’s when they get up and start filming. And it’s a long day—they often work until 8:30 in the evening. In the winter it’s very cold and in the summer it can be 40℃. Dereck always does the filming—Beverly never does that, and she doesn’t write. But Dereck never takes photographs or records the sound. They work very well as a team, and they both believe we should shoot animals with cameras—not with funs!
When they have finished filming and taking photographs for the day, they have dinner and Dereck usually writes while Beverly looks at her photographs. At night they usually sleep in a small tent, but they sometimes sleep in the Land Cruiser—when you’re very close to wild animals, it’s sometimes safer to sleep in the car!
Dereck and Beverly have also travelled around the world and given talks about their work. Dereck says that the animals are not just something to look at—they play an important role. Beverly thinks the wild animals can teach us a lot about ourselves.
51. Dereck and Beverly start working
A. at 4:30 in the morning B. at 4:30 in the afternoon
C. at 8:30 in the morning D. at 8:30 in the evening
52. Dereck and Beverly usually sleep at night.
A. in a car B. in a tent C. in a house D. in a hotel
53. Beverly thinks the wild animals
A. are something to look at B. are very popular
C. play an unimportant role D. can teach us a lot
【答案】51.A 52.B 53.D
/考点二: 推理判断题
【典型例题1】 【2018北京中考 D】
The willful blindness in hockey toward concussions (头部撞击) has dropped. Hockey Canada has followed the lead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking (身体拦截) below age 13. A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, the hockey's greatest star, opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. This country's children have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part of what makes Canadian hockey what it is.
The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who don't enjoy that environment.
For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted that bodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for it in head injuries. When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2011-2012 season, it also created bodychecking-education programs that will be mandatory(强制的) for all coaches, including those teaching players in the pre-checking ages. And it began to encourage more "touch" -without real bodychecking - from 9 to 12. It also made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it's possible to teach hockey protective skills without putting11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. It's worth the try.
Hockey Canada has taken serious steps to do away with hits on the head. However, it's hard to change a sports culture so connected with who we are as a country. Too often, bodychecking has been used to try to separate a player from his head rather than from the ball. Children were paying a price for this country's love of the game.
There are always changes in Canada's game, and the change in the bodychecking age sends the clearest message yet to coaches and parents that player safety is paramount(至上的) in the game.
56. We can tell that the problem of bodychecking in Canada____________.
A. is controlled strictly B. is taken more seriously now
C. is caused by players' carelessness D. is connected with players' interest
58. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The USA found a safer way to teach bodychecking.
B. Bodychecking-education programs in the USA are successful.
C. Bodychecking is a good way to value players' skills in the USA.
D. The USA has tried to create an environment of less bodychecking.
【答案】 56.B 58.D
【考点精析】本题属于阅读理解题型中的推理判断题。
56. 本题属于推理判断题。根据题干关键词 bodychecking in Canada，可定位至原文开头部分，根据 "Canada has followed…in preventing bodychecking "不难判断，加拿大在身体拦截问题上管控得更加严格了，确定选项B为正确答案。
58. 本题属于推理判断题。从题干处我们并不能获得太多的解题信息，此时我们需将注意力转移至选项部分。观察选项不难确定，本题考查的是身体拦截（bodychecking）在美国的情况。结合之前对文章的整体把握，可将解题所需阅读的范围控制在文章第三段的后半部分。本部分讲述了美国在变更规则之后的应对措施，即开展强制开展身体拦截的系统教育，这一措施力图证明在不需要将自己的安全作为赌注的情况之下，教练也能教授孩子们冰球的各项技能。综上对各选项进行分析，不难确定D项为正确答案。
【典型例题2】
【2017北京中考 D】
Reading Oliver James' Affluenza, I thought about what often happens at home. My 12-year-old daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow. I don't understand any of it," she cries out. After shouting and shutting her door, she calms down enough to go through her notes. The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says" OK, I got a nine".
"Wow. Well done!"I say, before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!"
According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick."Well, if I don't get good grades, I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff."
I was quite surprised, because I don't consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.
For me, I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle, recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules, yet I have lived a happy life. What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.
This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests, something more like Tongjon. Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools. It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea, and indeed in many other school systems around the world.
As the Russian poet Pushkin said, "Inspiration (灵感)is needed in geometry(几何学) just as much as in poetry ", and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .
58. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Social skills are as important as high grades.
B. Interest in grades can shake self-confidence.
C. The writer regrets not having studied hard at school.
D. Danish educational system is for very smart students.
【答案】 B
【考点精析】本题属于阅读理解题型中的推理判断题。
58. A社会技能与高分一样重要。B在成绩方面的兴趣可以影响自信。C作者后悔没有在学校努力学习。D丹麦的教育体制是为非常聪明的学生（服务的）。由倒数第二段内容可知，，A与文章“Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.”描述相反，B根据“…encouraged to find and follow their own interests…”，由此可推断出，B符合题意。正确答案为B。C与文章第五段“For me, …, yet I have lived a happy life.”yet表示转折，故C选项错误。D与文章描述显然不一致。故本题正确答案为B选项。


【即学即练】
【2018北京中考 C】
It’s 2009. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately. When you leave，she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.
Stress(压力，紧张) is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.
When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you.
What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.
The link(关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before staring any exercise programs.
56. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. You shouldn’t go to the gym if you are under stress.
B. One can do his homework to burn up adrenaline.
C. Diseases and accidents are caused by stress.
D. Everyone needs stress to improve himself.
57. From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ________.
A. it’s difficult to change a stressful situation
B. it’s not stressful when a good change takes place
C. a big change will cause another stressful situation
D. a stressful situation can’t be changed without any effort
【答案】56.D 57.C
考点三: 猜测词义题
【典型例题】
【2016北京中考 D】
Reading Oliver James' Affluenza, I thought about what often happens at home. My 12-year-ole daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow. I don't understand any of it," she cries out. After shouting and shutting her door, she calms down enough to go through her notes. The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says" OK, I got a nine".
"Wow. Well done!"I say, before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!"
According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick."Well, if I don't get good grades, I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff."
I was quite surprised, because I don't consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.
For me, I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle, recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules, yet I have lived a happy life. What I really needed to learn at school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.
This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests, something more like Tongjon. Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools. It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea, and indeed in many other school systems around the world.
As the Russian poet Pushkin said, "Inspiration(灵感)is needed in geometry(几何学) just as much as in poetry", and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .
57.What does the word "obsession"in paragraph 3 mean?
A. A plain and unavoidable fact. B. A satisfied and very proud state.
C. A practical and widely-used way. D. A fixed and often unreasonable idea.
【答案】D
【考点精析】本题属于阅读理解中的猜词题。
57. 由文章第三段“…has been a bad development”，联系上下文可知，很快会得知obsession的含义就是：“A fixed and often unreasonable idea”，即一种固定的，不合理的想法。而不是A选项的“fact事实”，B选项的“state状态”，C选项的“way方式”。故本题的正确答案为D。

【即学即练】
【2016北京中考 C】
Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it is—the language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole passage don’t make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.
These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:
1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you.
2. When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it again more slowly.
3. Look for any word you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.
4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said.
5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words.
6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This helps you to put all ides together.
The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.
54. The underlined phrase “run into” means ___________.
A. work out B. come across C. look into D. pass by
【答案】B
/考点四: 主旨大意题
【典型例题】
【2017北京模拟 D】
In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was bor. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one’s personality. In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-working, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.
The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehi noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. This idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans have taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.
Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信). Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.
60. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Is the blood-type theory poplar? B. Is the personality changeable?
C. Is it in your blood? D. Is it in you mind?
【答案】C
【考点精析】
60. 根据第一段中的“In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to one’s ABO blood type. 和Though…, some people question whether it is true.” 可知C选项能够包含“血液和血型”两方面的因素，能够概括文章的主旨大意，故C选项是正确答案。

【即学即练】
【2018北京模拟 C】
It’s 2009. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what you’ve been thinking about lately. When you leave，she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to practice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness.
Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body.
Stress(压力，紧张) is caused whenever there is a problem or a change in your life. Of course, everybody has stress more or less; nobody’s life is perfect. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. We would probably be bored to death. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your body’s protection so that you are more likely to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely to have an accident.
When you feel stress, your brain sends a message to your body to produce a chemical called adrenaline(肾上腺素). Adrenaline speeds up your breathing and your heartbeat. Today you have a different kind of stress. Problems like endless homework or troubles with your family are the kind of things you can’t fight or run away from, so you don’t use up all that adrenaline. It just stays bottled up inside you, and that’s what can do something bad to you.
What can you do about stress? First, you can try to find ways to change things so you aren’t under so much stress. You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or a psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be a good change, but it will still be stressful.
The link(关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body. It’s important to get enough sleep and eat nutritious meals. Some people take a vitamin-mineral pill every day. Another thing that you can do is daily exercise. If you go walking or do aerobic dancing or work out at the gym, you give your body a chance to burn up some of that adrenaline. Of course, a person who isn’t used to much physical activity should start slowly. Anyone with a continuing physical problem should check with a doctor before staring any exercise programs.
58. What is probably the best title for this passage?
A. The body-Brain Link B. The Causes of Stress
C. The Advice on Health D. The Nervous System
【答案】A
/过关斩将
/
【2018 海淀二模】六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）
A
My Classroom Wheel Teachers 2012~2013
Welcome to My Art Class!
/
My Classroom Mission(任务)
We will learn about art history, artists and develop students’ talent. In order to learn, be creative and improve our painting skills, we will have a relaxing classroom.
Name: Kathy Grady???
Email Address:?kgrady@iss.k12.nc.us
Welcome to Pope’s Computer Lab!
/
My Classroom Mission
Students will work together and actively take part in designing the computer programs.?By doing this we will be able to use computer technology successfully in our lives.
Name:?Barbara Pope
Email Address:?bpope@iss.k12.nc.us
Welcome to My PE class!
/
My Classroom Mission
? Be active in PE classes!?You do not have to be an Olympic athlete to get an A in my class. Take part in our sports activities to keep a healthy body and mind. All students will be successful.?
Name: Sherry Cash
Email Address:?scash@iss.k12.nc.us
Welcome to the Science Lab!
/
My Classroom Mission
This year we will learn about science by becoming a scientist. We will do experiments, observe, touch, listen, and ask questions about our world. We will learn to care for our world. We will never give up trying!
Name: Denise Harris
Email Address:?dharris@iss.k12.nc.us
47. In order to improve___________, the students will have a relaxing classroom.
A. painting skills B. computer programs C. sports activities D. science studies
48. We can email at ________ to get more information about computer class.
A. dharris@iss.k12.nc.us B. kgrady@iss.k12.nc.us
C. bpope@iss.k12.nc.us D. scash@iss.k12.nc.us
49. Students should go to __________ class to learn to do experiment.
A. Barbara Pope’s B. Sherry Cash’s C. Kathy Grady’s D. Denise Harris’
B
What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in freezing weather? Would it freeze solid（固体）and fall to the ground? Would you have to hit it to break it? These questions happened to me on a cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles.
To blow frozen bubbles, I used dishwashing soap and a drop of glycerin（甘油）to make it even better. I chose a place out of the wind, and blew bubbles the same way I always do. I watched to see what would happen. Here’s what I learned.
If the temperature is low enough, the skin of the bubbles frosts over (结霜), becoming cloudy instead of clear. And what about those rainbow swirls（旋转）you see in soap bubbles? The rainbow colors stay even when the bubbles frost, but they don’t swirl anymore. The bubbles still stay in the air. They don’t fall to the ground any faster than they would on a warm summer day.
When these frozen bubbles break, they don’t turn into small water drops as summer bubbles do. They turn into flashing rainbow confetti（碎屑）and move slowly to the ground. Sometimes a frozen bubble will roll across the snow without breaking. If nothing disturbs the bubble, it may stay there for a long time. Sometimes I could catch a bubble and hold it until the heat of my hand made it pop.
I learned another thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It’s so interesting that I want to try it again next year.
50. It is the perfect time to blow frozen bubbles on a ___________day.
A. cold winter B. warm spring C. hot summer D. sunny autumn
51. When the frozen bubbles break, _________.
A. they make a big sound B. they turn into small drops
C. they fall to the ground like rain D. they become rainbow confetti
52. The purpose of the passage is _______.
A. to learn how to do a science experiment
B. to show the experiment of blowing frozen bubbles
C. to discover games that are fun to play in the snow
D. to invent a new kind of soap that makes stronger bubbles
C
"Earworms", some people call them. Songs that get stuck in your head go round and round, sometimes for days, sometimes for months. For no clear reason you cannot help yourself from humming or singing a tune by Lady Gaga.
To a psychologist, the most interesting thing about earworms is that they show a part of our mind that is clearly outside of our control. Earworms arrive without permission and refuse to leave when we tell them to. They are parasites (寄生虫) living in a part of our minds.
If you have got an earworm you can suffer an attack of it simply by someone mentioning the tune, without having to hear it. This proves that earworms are a part of long-term memory. Humans have an "inner ear", for remembering phone numbers, for instance. When it gets infected with earworms, rather than review our plans for the day, or lists of things to remember, the inner ear g/ets stuck on a few short bars of music or a couple of phrases from a song. A part of us that we normally do not have to think about, that should just do what we ask, has been turned against us, upsetting us with a request that we never asked for. The mind is an inner world which we do not have complete knowledge of, or have control over.
Fortunately psychology can provide some advice on how to deal with an uncontrollable mind. Consider the famous "don’t think of a white bear" problem, which tells you to try not to think about white bears, or to do something else, to avoid both thinking of the white bear and not thinking of the white bear. For earworms, the solution may be the same. Our inner ear has become infected with an earworm. This is a part not under our control, so just sending in instructions to "shut up" is unlikely to be of much help (and has been shown to make it worse). Much better is to employ the inner ear in another task. If your mind is poisoned by Brittany Spears’ Toxic, for instance, then try singing Kylie Minogue’s Can’t Get You out Of My Head. Let me know if it works!
53. According to the passage, earworms are ______.
A. songs that keep going round in our mind B. worms that live in a part of our brain
C. tunes by pop singers like Lady Gaga D. parasites clearly under our control
54. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Singing songs may get earworms out of your head.
Earworms are used for keeping long-term memory.
Humans do not have complete control over their mind.
You won’t suffer from earworms unless you hear the song.
55. What does “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The instruction to shut up your mind. B. “Don’t think of the white bear” problem.
C. Kylie Minogue’s Can’t Get You out Of My Head. D. Using the earworm-infected inner ear in another task.
What is the passage mainly about?
A. The causes and influences of earworms. B. What earworms are and how to deal with them.
C. How to clear earworms out of your head. D. The relation between earworms and popular songs.
D
People have used pigeons to carry messages to one another for hundreds of years. In the 12th century, the royal palaces of Iraq and Syria included pigeon houses so the kings could be kept informed of their generals’ victories and defeats on the battlefield. In fact, pigeons were a common way to send messages right up through World War II.
Many countries, such as the United States, England, France, Germany, and Italy, in both World War I and World War II, used carrier pigeons. Not only were the birds often the fastest, most reliable way to send messages, they could also be used to reach soldiers far behind enemy lines, where radios and field telephone lines were useless. Since they could easily be released (释放) from airplanes or ships, every branch of the armed services used the birds. In World War II, more than 3, 000 soldiers and 150 officers were needed to care for and train the tens of thousands of birds in the U.S. Pigeon Service.
Carrying messages could be a dangerous job. Some pigeons performed with such bravery that they became famous and were even awarded medals, such as England’s Dicken Medal of Gallantry. In a few cases, pigeons even became prisoners of war. In 1918 American forces captured a pigeon named Kaiser, which had been trained to fly special missions for Germany during battle. He was taken to America, where he lived to the age of 32. The most famous pigeon of all may have been Cher Ami. Stationed in France during World War I, he carried twelve important messages fo/r American forces. On his last mission, though wounded, he carried a message that saved the lives of 194 American soldiers. For his extraordinary service, he was awarded the French “Croix de Guerre.”
Carrier pigeons are a slightly different breed (品种) from the kind of pigeons you see on city streets. They are much thinner and taller, with longer legs. Many people find carrier pigeons ugly because of their big wattle, a bent buildup of skin on the beak（鸟嘴）; however, people who raise pigeons often enjoy this strange appearance and consider carriers the best of their breed.
Today, modern communication methods can carry information from one place to another hundreds of times faster than a pigeon could do. However, few people would argue with the fact that carrier pigeons—especially those that served in the military—have earned their place in histo/ry. Stories about brave pigeons such as Cher Ami, President Wilson, and Colonel’s Lady have the power to inspire us as no fax machine or high-speed Internet connection could ever do.
57. Many countries used carrier pigeons in the war because_______.
A. they could be believed in B. they were easily raised
C. they could reach the enemy lines D. they could hardly be found by airplanes
58. Which is the best example to show the bravery of carrier pigeons?
A. Carrier pigeons could fly to places where radios and telephone lines were useless.
B. For his extraordinary service, Cher Ami was awarded the French “Croix de Guerre”.
C. In World War II, more than 3,000 soldiers were needed to care for and train the pigeons.
D. In the 12th century, kings in Iraq were kept informed of the victories and defeats by pigeons.
From the passage, we can learn _________.
how carrier pigeons developed in history
how to train carrier pigeons to get victory
carrier pigeons played an important role in the wars in the old days
pigeons inspired soldiers to fight before high-speed Internet invented
【2018 西城二模】六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）
A
It is easy to say “to be Best Friends Forever (BFF)”. However, a true BFF helps out when the other is in trouble, not just once or twice, but for a lifetime.
Milo is six years old. He has become Eddie’s BFF. They are special because they are not humans, but dogs. Their owner, Angie Baker, brought them up. They spent many years playing together.
However, last year, Eddie suddenly started walking into dustbins and walls. Soon he lost his eyesight. When Milo felt something was wrong, he decided to act as Eddie’s “guide” dog. He leads Eddie through the house. When they go for walks, he holds Eddie’s leash (狗链).
Once, Milo had to spend a few nights at the hospital himself. Poor Eddie often bumped (碰撞) into walls and furniture. Ever worse, he got lost during walks. Angie realized how much Eddie depended on his friend. Luckily, Milo is now fine and back at his BFF’s side, guiding him through life again.
47. Eddie’s BFF is _______.
A. Milo B. Angie C. Baker D. himself
48. What is Eddie’s problem?
A. He lost his friend. B. His leg was broken.
C. He lost his eyesight. D. His owner dislikes him.
49. What does Milo do for Eddie?
A. He takes Eddie to the park. B. He acts as Eddie’s guide.
C. He stays with Eddie at the hospital. D. He finds food and drinks for Eddie.
B
Here at the Fort Collins Club, we love families! We offer a number of different kinds of activities to keep you kids active and also allow time to yourself.
Kid’s Club
Kids have a place of their own – Kids' Club! A place for kids from 6 weeks to 12 years to have fun while you are working out. Our kid’s Club childcare facility (设施) allows you to drop the kids off, do physical exercise or visit our spa.
Please feel free to stop in during our regular hours to meet our friendly staff and to get familiar with the Kids' Club!
Club House
Check the Club House to see what games and youth activities are offered throughout the week. Our outdoor pool, open in summer, brings smiles and endless kid fun while you relax poolside. Children between the ages of 7-11 can be in the Club House unsupervised (无需看管的). However, parents need to sign them in and out.
Kids’ Club Hours
Monday?and?Wednesday:?8:00am— 8:00pm?
Tuesday, Thursday,?Friday: 8:30am — 8:00pm?
Saturday: 8:00am — 2:00pm???????
Sunday: 9:00am —4:00pm
More information about Fort Collins Club can be found on our website: www.fortcollinsclub.net.
50. While children do activities in Kid’s Club, their parents _______.
A. must look after them B. can take exercise
C. must leave the club D. can swim with their children
51. What does the underlined words “stop in” mean?
A. make a short visit B. make a phone call
C. wait for a long time D. surf on the Internet
52. Kids’ Club opens _______.
A. at 6:00 am on Monday B. at 7:00 am on Monday
C. at 8:00 am on Sunday D. at 9:00 am on Sunday
53. Where does this passage probably come from?
A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map. C. A fitness website. D. A news report.
C
On May 2, 2012, Ashok Gadgil became the winner of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation (全球创新奖). Each year, the honor is given to an inventor who has made a big difference in the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California, Berkeley. He spent thirty years helping people in need. His inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help,” Gadgil said.
In the 1990s, Gadgil designed his first life-saving invention after more than 10,000 people died from Bengal cholera (孟加拉霍乱) because of the clean water crisis (危机) in India. His invention uses ultraviolet light to kill deadly disease-carrying germs (细菌) from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water (about 21 cups). So far, the invention has provided safe drinking water for more than five million people in India and other developing countries.
Gadgil’s another important invention is the Berkeley-Darfur Stove (炉具). The long and violent war in Darfur, Sudan, has caused many people to move to foreign countries and live in refugee camps (难民营). They are given food aid. But people still have to travel a long distance five times a week to gather firewood to cook meals. This can be dangerous because of street violence in the area. To avoid danger, some spend much of their money used to feed their families buying firewood.
The stove Gadgil created cuts fuel usage by 55%. That means people wouldn’t have to leave the camps to find firewood as often. The invention also helps to save homes more than $300 a year. About 125,000 people and their families have been helped.
As a professor, Gadgil encourages his students, “Be optimistic (乐观的) when you try a hard problem,” he says. “It’s when you solve a large problem that you can have a big influence on the world.”
54. Ashok Gadgil was given the honor because _______.
A. he was a famous professor and physicist at UC, Berkeley
B. he improved the lives of people in developing countries
C. he spent thirty years helping people in need
D. he developed useful inventions with his team
55. Which of the following statements about Gadgil is TRUE?
A. He helped about 125,000 people in India.
B. He spent lots of money on his inventions.
C. He used his knowledge to help people in need.
D. One of his inventions could cure Bengal cholera.
56. What do people benefit from the Berkeley-Darfur Stove?
A. They can sell stoves to make a living.
B. They can save both time and money.
C. They can be protected from diseases.
D. They can cook their food easily.
D
The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox (自相矛盾): it orders us to hold tightly to its many gifts even while it forces us to give up everything at last. As an old saying goes, “A man comes into this world with his fist clenched (握紧拳头), but when he dies, his hand is open.”
Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wonderful, and full of beauty. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth too late. We remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.
We remember a beauty or a love that disappeared. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered and that we failed to react with love when it was gentle.
A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was hospitalized following a serious heart attack and had been in intensive care (特别护理) for several days. It was not a pleasant place.
One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard.
As we got out from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That’s all there was to my experience, just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was — how warming, how sparking, how brilliant! I looked to see whether anyone else was enjoying the sun’s golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the beauty of each day, too busy with something unimportant. Life’s gifts are valuable — but we are too careless of them.
So, we should never be too busy for the wonder and awe of life. We should hold fast to life, but also learn to l/et go. This is the second side of life’s coin, the opposite pole of its paradox. We must accept our losses, and learn how to let go. This is not an easy lesson to learn, especially when we are young and think that the world belongs to us, that whatever we want can or will be ours if we work with full force. But then reality finally hits us, and slowly but surely this truth comes to us.
57. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. Life seems strange with opposite ideas.
B. Life teaches us to hold tight to our life.
C. Life is a box of chocolates with secrets.
D. Life is mainly about birth and death.
58. The writer may agree that _______.
A. wise people can easily realize what they lost in time
B. people in sickness usually understand life much better
C. it does us harm to think about what happened in the past
D. we must accept our losses and then move onto a new life
59. The writer uses the example in Paragraph 4-6 in order to _______.
A. explained the importance of keeping healthy
B. tell a meaningful story about his life in the hospital
C. show his regret about not enjoying the sunshine in the past
D. prove people fail to enjoy something small but valuable
【2018 东城一模】六、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）
A
How do you make friends? Some students are sharing their ideas with us.
Tom
Although we are quite different, Adam and I have been close friends for 5 years. We have a lot to talk. We play basketball together after school. We go for a picnic at weekends. It’s always a pleasure to be with him.
Yumi
I spend my spare time mostly with people from other countries. When I’m with them, I really get to know what they’re like and how easy they are to get along with. They help me to improve my English.
Anna
I’ve made some good friends at the gym I go to. People there are very friendly. Talking to them as I take exercise is a good way for us to get to know each other.
Peter
I can make more friends on the Internet because it keeps me in touch with the whole world. I can get worldwide stories from my friends all over the world.
47. Adam is ______ friend.
A. Tom’s B. Yumi’s C. Anna’s D. Peter’s
48. With the help of her friends, Yumi ______.
A. takes more exercise B. learns English better
C. feels happier at picnics D. knows more about the world
49. What helps Peter make more friends?
A. The story. B. The sport. C. The Internet. D. The language.
B
China has marked its National Winter Swimming Day. Many swimming lovers in the north of the country celebrated it on January 1st.
Winter swimming is a physical training. During it, you can have a cold wind bath, an icy water bath and a sunbath at the same time in the open air of winter.
When you have taken off clothes, all parts of your body are awakened by the cold. You may feel like going into the water, but a warm-up exercise is a must before jumping into the freezing water.
You go into the cold water and swim. The only thing you think about in the cold water is how to withstand（承受住）the cold. At this moment, your brain is relaxed and at rest. Then you come out just when your hands and feet are beginning to feel freezing.
After you get dried, your pink-colored skin is bathed in the winter sunshine. Slowly, you no longer feel cold. After the “three baths” of air, water and sun, you will feel warm, relaxed and comfortable.
Winter swimming is a way to keep fit. Many people find it a difficult sport, while its lovers say the sport makes them stronger. But it may not be fit for everyone. Before you decide to try, make sure you check you’re in good physical condition to do such a brave sport.
50. When you are swimming in the cold water, your brain is ______.
A. relaxed B. fresh C. active D. slow
51. After winter swimming, you will feel ______.
A. full B. healthy C. freezing D. comfortable
52. To take part in winter swimming, you must ______.
A. enjoy cold wind bath B. receive special training
C. check your physical condition D. take warm-up exercise every day
C
It can’t be truer that when in Rome do as the Romans do. So it’s necessary for you to know what you can talk about with the local people in other countries.
In France
You’ll find that conversations often turn into heated discussions. You’d better give opinions only on subjects that you are knowledgeable about. There is seldom a moment of silence, except when the topic under discussion has been finished, and nothing new has been introduced.
Food, art, music and current events or history are welcome topics. The French believe in freedom, and you can criticize（批评）anyone, but not Napoleon, who stands for the French spirit. Moreover, never use the conversation opener “What do you do?”
In Australia
Generally speaking, the Australians are excited about discussions. Many topics may be open to discussion, including religion and politics. The best way, however, is to wait for Australians to bring up these two subjects; be prepared to listen to what they are talking about.
The Australians like to criticize themselves, but they can’t stand being criticized by others. Don’t talk big. Instead, the Australians prefer to judge（判断）your abilities through your actions. People who show off their education in conversation may be laughed at.
In Switzerland
The Swiss may seem cold. Once you get close to them, however, you’ll find that they are honest, responsible people, who will respect your interests much.
They are good listeners and will remember almost everything you say to them. Sometimes they will even take notes while you speak. The Swiss are a very private people, so you should avoid asking personal questions. They can be rather serious, so it is advisable to avoid playing jokes on them.
53. According to the passage, it’s better not to criticize ______.
A. the Romans B. the French C. the Australians D. the Swiss
54. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The Swiss are not as cold as they seem to be. B. The French can’t stand the heated discussions.
C. The Australians like to talk about their success. D. The French usually have a conversation about jobs.
55. The writer wants to tell us .
A. what to introduce to foreigners B. how to live in foreign countries
C. how to get along with foreigners D. what to talk about in foreign countries
D
Much has been said and written recently about heroes, mainly because many people think we have too few of them. There are many different kinds of heroes, but they all seem to have two things in common. First, heroes, by their actions, show the great possibilities of human nature. Second, heroes can also stand the test of time, and their achievements will not be easily forgotten. Because of these good points, we need to choose our heroes carefully.
Olympic sportstar Jackie Joyner-Kersee, who is believed to be a hero, warns young people to be careful of making athletes heroes. She hopes that if someone tries to copy her, it will be because she has achieved her goals by working hard. Joyner-Kersee says that a hero should be someone who has an influence on another person’s life.
Poet Maya Angelou believes that a hero encourages people to treat others well and to be concerned about the greater good. A hero should show politeness, courage, patience, and strength all the time. A hero should encourage others to follow him with actions that improve the world, even if only in small ways.
Author Daniel Boorstin suggests that, “Celebrities are people who make news, but heroes are people who make history.” Thus, if a person is truly worthy to be called a hero, he or she will not be soon forgotten.
We all need heroes. We need to be able to respect people who have been there, done that, and succeeded. Many times the greatest heroes are the people we deal with every day — relatives（亲戚）, friends, and neighbours — who will keep going when it is easier to give up. The parent who puts her or his family ahead of herself or himself, the teacher who will make more money at another job but chooses to help others — all these people can be considered as heroes. A hero quietly and continuously sets a good example, an example that inspires others to follow.
56. Joyner-Kersee hopes that young people ______.
A. will work hard B. will become heroes C. will follow D. will achieve her goal
57. The underlined word “celebrities” in Paragraph 4 means ______.
A. volunteers??????????????? B. reporters????????? C. sport players?????? D. famous people
58. From the passage we know that ______.
A. there are fewer heroes than before B. many common people set examples to us
C. heroes should be polite, patient and famous D. heroes have to reach the standard required for them
59. The best title for this passage is ______.
A. What Heroes Do B. Who Are Heroes C. How Heroes Live D. Where Heroes are
【答案】
【2013 海淀二模】47.A 48.C 49.D 50.A 51.D 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.B 59.C
【2013 西城二模】47.A 48.C 49.B 50.B 51.A 52.D 53.C 54.B 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.D 59.D
【2013 东城一模】47.A 48.B 49.C 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.C 54.A 55.D 56.A 57.D 58.B 59.B