中考语法专题系列- 宾语从句

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


Chapter Nine 宾语从句
宾语从句即用一个句子做动词或者介词的宾语：
例： I asked him a question(宾语).
I asked him what he did on weekends?(宾语从句)

考察重点：
一、宾语从句语序：陈述句语序（疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他）
即从句中不会再存在do/does/did助动词，will/ be/ have/ 情态动词要位于主语后。
例：what he will do. (陈述句语序) what will he do? (疑问句语序)
What he did. (陈述句语序) what did he do? (疑问句语序)

注意：what和who在从句中做主语时，疑问句就是陈述句语序。
例：what’s wrong with you? What’s the matter with you? 此处what为句子的主语。
Who did this work?(此处did为实义动词）

二、宾语从句的时态：
1.当主句谓语是一般现在时，从句谓语根据从句的具体时间定，即从句发生在什么时候就用相应的时态。
例：I wonder what we will do this weekend. （从句发生在将来）
I ask him where he went yesterday. （从句发生在过去）

2.当主句的谓语是一般过去时，从句谓语要改为相应的过去时态。
例：I asked him what he could do. (过去时) I asked him what he can do.(错的)
I wondered when we would meet tomorrow. (过去时)
当宾语从句中是真理、事实性的内容就用一般现在时。（但一般不考）
Our teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

三、宾语从句的疑问词选择：
疑问词的选择是根据下文提示的内容决定所用的疑问词。
When, why, what, where, how, whether/if (是否), that (从句是肯定的内容)
例：I know (that) he is a teacher.(肯定的内容, that可以省略)
--Could you tell me__________?
-- She is a teacher.
who she is B.what she is C.how she is
答案选B。 通过下文的回答是表示职业。


宾语从句的简化：
I don’t know ________.
What to do B.How to do C. what to do it
答案选A。
此结构是当宾语从句主语和主句主语一致，并且从句中含有should, can, could等情态动词时，可将从句简化为 疑问词+ to do （it）的结构。What可以在从句中做宾语，则不再需要it. 而how, when, why等疑问副词，从句中需要it.
I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do. (此处what做宾语从句的宾语)
I don’t know how to do it.= I don’t know how I should do it.(how只能做方式状语)


专题演练
宾语从句：
1．[2017·长沙]—Could you please tell me ________？
—For two weeks.
A．how soon he will be back B．how long he will be away C．how long will he be away
2．[2017·邵阳]—Li Ming, do you know ________？
—Yes. He comes from Canada.
A．Where does our new English teacher come from
B．Where our new English teacher comes from
C．Where did our new English teacher come from
3．[2017·益阳]Could you please tell me ________？
A．when he will come back B．how old are you C．where is he from
4．[2017·永州]Could you tell me ________ by WeChat?
A．what can we do B．what we can do C．what do we do
5．[2017·怀化]Can you tell me ________？
A．What does the Belt and Road mean
B．What the Belt and Road means
C．What will the Belt and Road mean
6．[2017·吉林]—Andy, I wonder ________ the new sports clothes.
—Of course by credit card.
A．what you paid for B．how you paid for C．why you paid for
7．[2017·甘孜]—David, could you tell us ________？
—Certainly. He is a policeman.
A．what your brother does B．who is your brother C．where your brother works
8．[2017·泸州改编]—Could you please tell me ________ tomorrow?
—At 8 o'clock.
A．how will she start B．how she will start C．what time she will start
9.【2018成都】How beautiful your skirt is! Could you please tell me______?
--Thanks. I bought it on Taobao.
Where you bought it. B.when you bought it C.why you bought it
【2018重庆】Could you please tell me_______?
---- In two weeks.
when did he come back B.how soon will he come back
when he came back D.how soon he will come back
11.【2018昆明】Excuse me, could you please tell me_____?
-- It’s on Center Street and across from the bank.
A.where can I find the library B.where I can find the library
C.how far the library is from here D.how far is the library from here
12.【2018天津】--Please tell me______.
-- At ten o’clock.
Where you have your English lesson. B.where do you have your English lesson
C.what time you have your English lesson D.what time do you have your English lesson
13.【2018临沂】--Excuse me, could you please tell me_____ from here to the airport?
---Sure. It’s about 100 kilometers.
A.how far it is B.how long it takes C.how long it is
14.【2018长沙】 -Does anybody want to share____on Father's Day？
-Guess what？ I'll write a poem for my dad．
when will you shop B．what you will do C．where you will go
15.【2018岳阳】﹣Excuse me,do you know ？
﹣It closes at 9： 00 PM．
A．when does the bookstore close today
B．when the bookstore closes today
C．when will the bookstore close today.

参考答案：
1-5：BBABB 6-10:BACAD 11-15:BCABB









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