中考语法专题系列-定语从句

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


Chapter Eleven 定语从句
定语从句概述：
定语是用于修饰名词，中文表达为“......的”放在被修饰词的前面。在英文表达中，定语视复杂程度分为前置定语（放在被修饰词前，常为形容词、名词、代词、单个doing或者done）,后置定语（放在被修饰词后，常为to, 介词短语和定语从句）。定语从句用于定语中含有动词或动词短语时，无法用介词短语或者单个形容词、名词或代词表达时，放于被修饰名词后。
例：(坐在树下的)那个男孩是我哥哥。 定语中含有动词短语
The boy who is sitting under the tree is my brother.


被修饰的名词叫“先行词”，从句的连词叫“关系词”，按照关系词在从句中所充当的成分分为关系代词（which/that/who/whom/whose）和关系副词(where/when/why)。

定语从句考点--关系代词：
一、当被修饰的名词指“物”，可选择which/that，两者在从句中做主语或宾语。
如：The movie which/that I watched last night was funny.


The movie which/that taught me a lesson was nice.


注意：which和that用法的区别，语法书中需要背N条规则，其实搞定下面两点即可。
1.在非限定性定语从句中（即从句和被修饰词用逗号隔开），选用which.
例：The book, _which_ I bought last week, was worth reading.
2.当从句中介词放于关系词前时，选用which.
例：The school in__which__ I stayed for 4 years in is being rebuilt now.
我呆过四年的学校现在正在重建。
从句中的介词in提前至关系代词前。
其他情况，如果先行词是指“物”，从句缺少主语或宾语，which和that同时出现，则选用that, 写作时避免用错，尽量使用that.

当被修饰的名词指“人”，可选择who/that/whom，其中who和that可在从句中做主语和宾语，而whom只能在从句中做宾语，即大多数情况下who和that可替代whom。
例：The boy_who/that__ helped the old man was praised by his teacher.
此句从句缺主语
The old man_who/that/whom_ the boy helped was saved by the doctor in time.
此句从句缺宾语
注意：三者的用法区别，记住下面几点就搞定！
从句中介词放于关系词前只能用whom。

例：The boy with __whom__ I just talked with is my roommate.
当先行词是指人的one, ones，anyone, those或被those修饰时，只能用who.
当先行词是人称代词he, she等，只能用who.
例：God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助
He who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后者笑得最好。
在非限定性定语从句中，即从句和被修饰词隔开。
The boy, __who__ told me the secret, was Jack.

在中考中，除了上述情况，先行词指人，从句中缺主语或宾语，who, that, whom同时出现选that.

Whose的用法，表示“谁的”,从句中不缺主语和宾语，空后面的名词属于被修饰词，既可用于先行词是人也可是物。关系词后的名词属于前面名词。
例：The man whose hair is green is an actor. 头发属于人
The book whose color is yellow is mine. 颜色属于书本

定语从句考点--关系副词
关系副词包括where, when, why，在从句中做状语，从句中不缺主语和宾语。
考察重点：区分关系代词和关系副词
例：I still remember the day __which/that__ I spent with her for the first time.
I still remember the day _when__ I stayed with her for the first time.

区分办法: 看从句中是否缺宾语，将先行词放至从句中的动词或介词后进行确定。如果缺宾语则选择which/that, 反之选when/ where/ why
The place_____ I visited last week is wonderful. 从句缺宾语
The place_____ I paid a visit is wonderful. 从句缺地点状语
答案：which; where

定语从句考点中其他考点：（此考点在中考中考察极少）
介词+which结构中介词的选择：此结构在定语从句中等于when和where，介词的选择是根据动词或者名词所需要的介词而定。
例：The library____ I always borrow books was closed last week.
which B.on which C.from which
答案：C。句中为“从图书馆借书”，从句缺状语，因此介词选from.













专题演练
1．[2017·湘潭]I can't find the shoes ________ I bought last week. So I have to buy another pair.
A．who B．which C．what
2．[2017·永州]Have you heard about the TV program Readers ________ is very popular now?
A．which B．who C．where
3．[2017·岳阳]We should look up to those scientists ________ sent Tianzhou?1 Cargo Spaceship(天舟一号货运飞船) to space.
A．which B．who C．what
4．[2017·株洲]The man ________ called yesterday wants to buy the house.
A．who B．what C．which
5．[2017·怀化]—Do you know the man ________ is talking with our Chinese teacher?
—Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King.
A．which B．who C．whom
6．[2017·通辽]This is the best book ________ I have read.
A．that B．whose C．which
7．[2017·巴中]I like music ________ I can dance to.
A．that B．what C．who
8．[2017·贵阳]My hometown is the place ________ holds all my sweet memories.
A．who B．which C．what
9．[2017·成都]A kind of shared bike ___ is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.
A．it B．who C．which
10.【2018成都】--Is this the new dictionary____ you got yesterday?
--- Yes. Now it’s very convenient for me to look up words.
A.that B.why C.what
11.【2018内蒙】--Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV?
--- Sure. It’s a great TV program _____purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.
A.which B.that C.what D.whose
12.【2018内江】--I hear that Lucy’s uncle is a worker here.
--- Yes. Look, the man_____ is working over there is her uncle.
A.whom B.who C.what D.which
13.【2018滨州】You are talented young adults_____ are full of hope for the future.
A.which B.when C. who D.where
14.【2018福建】Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist_____ leads a research to develop rice.
A.who B.whom C.which
15.【2018兰州】I like the city_____ the people are really kind and friendly.
A.that B. which C.where
16.【2018长沙】Kids，I hope you'll remember the good old days____we spent together in junior high though it's time to say goodbye．
A．who B．what C．which
17.【2018临沂】My grandparents like stories____ have happy endings.
A.they B.who C.which
18.【2018黄冈】--Class, you should be thankful to those people____ helped and supported you.
--- We will. Miss Chen.
A.which B.whom C.who D.whose

答案解析：
B. 先行词为shoes，属于物体，从句缺宾语。
A. 先行词为Readers，属于电视节目，从句缺主语。
B. 先行词为scientists，属于人，从句缺主语。
A. 先行词为man，属于人，从句缺主语。
B. 先行词为man，属于人，从句缺主语,whom只能做从句宾语。
A. 先行词为book，属于物，从句缺宾语。That/which同时出现，不属于只用which的情况，选that.
A. 先行词为music，属于物体，从句缺宾语。
B. 先行词为place，属于物体，从句缺主语。
C. 先行词为bike，属于物体，从句缺主语。It 能做主语，但是句子缺连词。
A. 先行词为dictionary，属于物体，从句缺宾语。
D. 先行词为program，属于物体，从句不缺主语、宾语，purpose是此节目的目的。
B. 先行词为man，属于人，从句缺主语,whom只能做从句宾语。
C. 先行词为man，属于人，从句缺主语。
A. 先行词为scientist，属于人，从句缺主语,whom只能做从句宾语。
C. 先行词为city，属于物体，从句不缺主语和宾语，缺少地点状语。
C. 先行词为days，属于物体，从句spend缺宾语。
C. 先行词为stories，属于物体，从句缺主语
C. 先行词为people，属于人，从句缺主语,whom只能做从句宾语。




定语从句

缺宾语

缺主语






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