人教版选修八Unit 1　A land of diversity课件 词汇讲解(共84张PPT)

课件84张PPT。 Unit 1
A Land of diversity1.___________ vt. 插入；嵌入
2.___________ n. =Am.baggage
3.___________ n. (pl.) cows and bulls
4.___________ n. 面包店
5.___________ n. 海峡 insertluggage cattlebakery strait6._____________ n.大多数
7._____________ n.百分比，百分率
8._____________ n.混合物，混合体
9._____________ n.国籍，民族
10._____________ n.人口majoritypercentagemixturenationalitypopulation11.racial adj. _______________
12.occur vi. _______________
13.react vi. _______________
14.slip vi. _______________
15.central adj. _______________种族的，人种的发生，出现作出反应；回应滑动，滑行，滑跤中心的，主要的16.applicant n. ______________
17.apparent adj. ______________
18.slavery n. ______________
19.aircraft n. ______________
20.indicate vt. ______________申请人显然的，表面上的奴隶制飞机，飞行器指出；表示；暗示1.majority n.大多数，大半
__________adj.较多的；主修的v.主修(科目)

___________adj.较少的，次要的 vi.辅修

___________n.少数minoritymajorminor⑴ He_______ in chemistry at college years ago，and now the ________ of his work has something to do with that field.(major)

⑵ Only a small_______ (minor) of students are interested in politics these days.majoredmajorityminority 2.applicant 申请人

_____________ n.申请；请求；申请书；申请表

_______ vi. (通常以书面形式)申请,请求applyapplication⑴ As the wages were low，there were few ____________ (apply) for the job.

⑵ An____________ (apply) for something such as a job or membership of an organization is a formal written request for it.applicantsapplication 3.mix vt. 混合；拌合

__________ n.混合；混合物

__________ adj.混合的;混杂的；混淆的；杂种的mixed mixture⑴ He had_________ (mix) feelings of surprise and joy at the news.

⑵ People are a_______ (mix) of good and evil.mixed mixture4.apparent adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的
___________ adv. 显然地；显而易见地

⑴ ___________(显然) they’ve run out of their tickets for the concert.
⑵ Her anxiety was ____________ (显而易见) to everyone.apparentlyApparentlyapparent 5.socialist n.社会主义者adj.社会主义(者)的
_____________ adj.社会的
_____________ n.社会主义
_____________ n.社会;社团societysocialsocialism⑴ Please tell me some opinions on various ______ (society) issues.

⑵ As is known to all，science benefits _________ (social).socialsociety 6.bakery n.面包房
______________ v.烘烤；焙
______________ n.面包师
⑴ The ________ (bake) potato smells inviting.baked bakebaker⑵ A________ (bake) is a person whose job is to bake and sell bread，pastries，and cakes.

⑶ At the _________ (bake) can be expressed as “At the baker’s”. bakerbakery 1.用……方法，借助_________________
2.包括，吸收到 _________________
3.许多 _________________
4.人口有…… _________________
5.与人合作 _________________by means oftake ina good/great manyhave a population of ...team up with6.多数 ______________
7.划线标出……的界线____________
8.mix ...with/and ______________
9.sth.occurs to sb. ______________
10.settle in/down ______________the majority ofmark out把……与……混合某人想起（某事）定居1.李先生家住在边远的山村。(settle down)
2.全家靠微薄的收入度日。1.Mr Li’s family settled down in a remote mountain area.2.His family lived on a poor income.3.他现在在大学学的是计算机科学。(major in)
4.计算机学习包括许多困难的方面。(take in)3.He is majoring in computer science at college.4.Computer study takes in many difficult aspects.5.他之前一直在寻求很多想法。(a good/great many)
6.他有了令人振奋的点子。(occur to)5.He had been searching for a great many ideas.6.An inspiring idea occurred to him.7.他决心做一份零工而不想过穷日子。(rather than)
8.他认为他应该申请一份工作。(apply for)7.He was determined to do a part-time job rather than live a poor life.8.He thought he should apply for a job.9.该工作可将他所学的知识与要做的工作相结合。(mix...with)
10.现在，他正通过勤奋工作而开始过上新生活。(make a new life，by means of)9.The job could mix what he has learnt with what he is doing.10.He is now making a new life by means of hard work.. Mr Li’s family settled down in a remote mountain area and lived on a poor income. As he is majoring in computer science at college，computer study takes in many difficult aspects.He had been searching for a great many ideas before an inspiring idea occurred to him. He was determined to do a part-time job rather than live a poor life by applying for a job，which could mix what he has learnt with what he is doing. He is now making a new life by means of hard work. Exactly when the first people arrived in 1 ____we now know as California，no one really knows. 2_________，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these first settlers 3_______ (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America 4 ____ means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. whatHowevercrossed by In the 16th century，after the 5 ______ (arrive) of Europeans，the native people suffered greatly.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. 6 ____ addition，many died from the diseases brought by Europeans. However，some survived these terrible times，and today there are more Native Americans 7 _______ (live) in California than in any other state.arrivalInliving In the 18th century，California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century，8________ they fought against the native people and 9_______(take) their land. when tookTwo centuries later，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority 10 ____ (be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.were 1.It is doubtful ___________ the President knew the details of the plan.
2.The reason why he was dismissed was
________ he was careless and irresponsible.whether/if that 3.They were all shocked at the news __________ Germany had declared war on Russia.
4.He said ________ (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and you wouldn’t understand.that that 5.___________ we shall go camping depends on weather.
6.My suggestion is ____ we should go shopping.Whether that7.______they will win is quite certain.
8._______ India needs is a law to make land ownership fairer.That What9.____________________ goes there is to get ready by 6 o’clock.
10.We’ll discuss the problem ______ the sports meeting will be held on time.
whetherWhoever=Anyone who1. elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人elect sb.(to be/as)+ n.选某人当
elect sb.to do sth.选某人做某事运用：用所给词的适当形式填空。

⑴ Barack Obama____________________ (elect) President of the United States.

⑵ He was elected _________ (study) abroad. to studywas elected (as)2. boom n.(人口、贸易的)繁荣;vi.急速发展(grow or develop rapidly)
运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴ 这个城市正在经历经济或人口迅速增长。
The town is experiencing an economic or_______
_______________________.

⑵ 那个县在改革后便繁荣了起来。
________________________after reforms. The county boomedpopulation booma3. occur(occurred，occurred)vi.发生，出现，被想起提醒： occur是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起(come into one’s mind)
it occurs to sb.that... 某人想起
it occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想起做某事运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。

⑴ 我想起了一个好主意。
A good idea___________________.

⑵ 我就要离开时，想起来忘了带钥匙。
Just as I was leaving the house，_______ ______________that I had forgotten my keys. occurred to me occurred to me it4. hire vt. & n.租用；雇用(employ)hire sb.to do sth.雇佣某人做某事
hire out出租运用：用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。

⑴ They hire ________ boats by the hour.

⑵ A city lawyer has been hired _________ (handle) the case. to handle out 5. reform vt.& vi. 改革；革新
n.改革；改良；悔改reform oneself 改过自新，自我改造
the open and reform policy改革开放政策运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。

⑴ How should we_____________________
_________________ (改革现在的教育制度)?

⑵ 改革开放的政策已经给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。
_____________________________________ us Chinese people a rich and colourful life. The reform and open policy has brought reform the present
educational system1. live on 继续存在；以……为主食，靠……生活
运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴ I ___________________(靠工资生活).

⑵ The Chinese___________ (以米为主食). live on ricelive on my salary2. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up with 跟上，赶上运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。
⑴ 我认为跟上时代是很重要的。
I think _____ important that we keep up _______the times.

⑵ 我希望好天气会继续下去。
I hope the good weather________________ . will keep upitwith3. take in 包括(include，cover)；吸收(absorb)，理解
运用：填入适当的词或根据汉语完成句子。

⑴ Once they are out on the street，the cars will ____________ (吸进空气) and replace it with poison gasestake in air ⑵ The United Kingdom takes ___ England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland. in4. apply for 申请；请示得到
apply to 应用于，适用于
运用：填入适当的词。
⑴ I’ll apply _____ the job today.
⑵ What you said doesn’t apply ____ me. to for 5. by means of 以……的方法
运用：根据汉语完成句子。
⑴ 他们依靠努力工作而获得成功。
They succeeded_______________________.

⑵ 思想是藉语言文字表达的。
Thoughts are expressed_________________ . by means of wordsby means of hard work6. make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
make a living 谋生
例句：In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but to make a life.(W.A.White)教育不是为了教会青年人谋生，而是教会他们创造生活。(怀特)翻译：我们靠所得维持生计，我们靠付出活出生命的意义。
We make a living by what we get;
______________________________ . we make a life by what we give7. team up with 与……合作或一起工作
运用：根据汉语完成句子。
⑴ 约翰逊的搭档是谁？
Who does Johnson team up ______?

⑵ 他情愿独自经商，而不愿与人合伙。
He preferred to go into business alone rather than ___________________________. team up with anyone elsewith8. back to back adv.背靠背地
back-to-back adj.紧接的，背靠着背的
运用：翻译下列句子。
⑴ 露西和莉莉背靠背坐着。
Lucy and Lily sit_____________________ . back to back ⑵ 在紧接着的两场比赛之后，有短暂的休息真不错。
It was nice to have a short break after two ______________ races.
联想：face to face面对面地 face-to-face面对面的 back-to-back 1.原句:It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.据信，过不了多久国籍相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有大的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个多文化的混合体。
句型：It is believed that...=People believe that..据信，人们认为说明：同类句型还有：
It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is hoped that...希望……
It is decided that...兹决定……
It is suggested that...有人建议……仿写：将下列句子译成英文。

⑴ 人们相信健康重于财富。
____________________________________.

⑵ 人们认为他是最好的演奏家。
____________________________________.
It is thought that he is the best playerIt is believed that health is above wealth⑶ 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位学者。

⑷ 有人建议运动会推迟到下周。It is (或has been) suggested that the sports
meet will be put off until next week.It is reported that he is a scholar from
New Zealand.2.原句: However， it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)然而，可能至少在15，000 年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
句型: It is likely/unlikely that...很/没可能……仿写根据汉语意思，完成句子。

⑴ 巴西很有可能赢得世界杯。
_______________ Brazil will win the World Cup.It is likely that ⑵ 她病得很厉害，看来不大可能康复了。
She is so ill that she seems ______________ she will pull through?

⑶ 非常可能，金星上没有生命。
____________________ there were no life on mars.It is very likely thatunlikely that课本原句: It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(P3—61)人们认为，要不了多久，各种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以致于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。结构分析: 本句It is believed that...句型里that引导一个 ⑴ _______从句；该主语从句中又有so...that...句型, that引导 ⑵ ______状语从句；该状语从句的结构是：there will be no...or...but ...and ...(将没有……或……而是……)。结果主语1.D。空格前后交代，作为有三个儿子的离婚母亲，科迪亚·哈林顿女士想花更多的时间和孩子们在一起及“she also owned and 1 ”说明她拥有并经营三家麦当劳分店。
2.C。上文“Harrington was tired of standing up all day” 说明她渴望另一种工作。
3.D。麦当劳需要一个新的面包供应商。4.B。此处表示哈里顿决定争取签下协议，即使她从未有过开面包房的经验。
5.D。根据下文“...and borrowed $13.5 million” 可知，Harrington还借了很多的钱，可推测，她应该把她的特许经销店卖了。
6.B。根据下文“ is a priority: ...South America，and the Caribbean.”，可知11名员工在主面包房每小时生产6万个面包，供应的客户遍布美国40个州、南美洲和加勒比海地区。可推测，速度仍然是首要考虑的，她要建立速度最快的公司。7.D。下文“I really did think that I was going to go bankrupt”说明当时情况糟糕到面临破产，所以是每晚以泪洗面而入眠。可将cry oneself to sleep作为词组来掌握。
8.B。此处说的是Harrington签订一份协议，挽救了公司。
9.A。根据上文可知，Harrington遇到了很大的困难，但最终还是让她解决了，Harrington感慨这个行业很具有挑战性。10.A。根据下文可知，Harrington在这个行业取得了成功，此处应表示公司业绩的增长。
11.A。根据下文可知这里调速度是最重要的。
12.C。这里指11个人每小时生产出60，000个面包。
13.C。根据下文“Financial success is the most fun when you can give it away，” Harrington认为商业成功的最大快乐是你能把它与人分享，所以她热心于给员工提供机会。14.B。根据下文“How can we best serve our employees? If we them，they’ll do their best to look after our clients”可知，Harrington把机会提供给了她的员工。
15.A。此处表示，如果我们支持员工，他们就会尽全力为我们工作。二、语法填空
本文以拔苗助长为例说明中国的成语背后常常有一些有趣的故事。
31.Behind/In。表示“在……之后”，用介词behind。
32.to help。作目的状语，用动词不定式。33.his。由文中的his crop，the crop等可知，此处填限定词；这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填his。
34.it/this/that。代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。
35.that。引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体同内容；从句的结构和意义完整，用that引导。36.after/from。因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，用介词after；另外be tired from doing是固定短语，表示“因做某事而累”，所以也可填from。
37.but/yet。因very happy与前面的very tired是转折关系，而这两句之间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but或yet。38.higher。指比他pluck up a few inches之前“长”得“更高”了，是省略了than before的隐性比较级。
39.natural。在名词course前作定语，用形容词。40.results。此句Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。三、阅读理解
这是一篇议论文，主要论述的是语言的国际化和多元化，人们对此看法不一，虽然很多国家都采取措施来使自己的母语纯正，但是都是无效的，现在随着科技的发展越来越需要一种国际化的语言。
46.B。细节理解题。根据“One of the main reasons for economic ...independent African states.” 可判断缺乏母语教育导致了经济的失败。故答案为B。47.A。词义猜测题。从后面专家们知道控制语言流行的困难和对于使用两种语言的人，语言的转换是一个自然的过程故不可能用法律来控制住，故他们认为那些控制语言的努力往往是无效的，没有用的，故答案为A。
48.C。细节理解题。从文章It is especially difficult ...barrier to acquiring prestige and power.可以判断英语本身就吸收了很多外来词汇，这并不能影响什么，没必要去保持一种语言的纯正。49.D。细节理解题。根据最后一段The need to protect national ... take over too many fields.可知答案为D。
50.C。题目概括题。纵观全文可知，各个国家正采取一系列的措施甚至是法律措施来使自己的语言纯正，故答案为C。Thank you !